257:
41:
1852:(largely slave-labor-based) and a shortage of liquid capital, which, when aggravated by the need to concentrate on a few staples, the pervasive anti-industrial and anti-urban ideology, and the reduction of Southern banking, led to a South dependent on export trade. This was in contrast to the economies of the Northern and Western U.S., which relied primarily on their own domestic markets. Since the Southern domestic market consisted primarily of plantations, Southern states imported sustenance commodities from the West and manufactured goods from England and the North.
2020:
maintain certain conditions for the existence of slavery and from a need for each of the remaining social strata to remain in status quo. In order to meet conditions where slavery may continue to exist, members of the master class (e.g., white, landowning, slave-owning) had to compete with other members of the master class to maximize the surplus labor extracted from slaves. Likewise, in order to remain within the same class, members of the master class (and each subsumed class below) must expand their claim on revenues derived from the slave labor surplus.
2077:(1865–1877), the South experienced economic devastation. Some states that relied less heavily on the plantation system managed to fare better following its downfall. Ulrich Bonnell Phillips contends that the plantation "sadly restricted the opportunity of such men as were of better industrial quality than was required for the field gangs." Essentially, men who would have been otherwise capable of performing other skilled jobs were nonetheless relegated to field work because of the nature of the system.
4877:
4841:
1665:
1626:
4887:
1675:
2056:
re-exported to other countries throughout Europe at a premium. In similar ways
Britain was able to profit from other American staple crops, such as cotton, rice, and indigo. As Russell Menard puts it, Britain's capitalizing on increased European demand for these crops "fueled the expansion of the American plantation colonies, transformed the Atlantic into an English inland sea, and led to the creation of the first
222:
201:
1966:
slaves, making it profitable for smaller farms in older settled areas such as
Virginia to sell their slaves further south and west. The actuarial risk, or the potential loss in investment of owning slaves from death, disability, etc. was much greater for small plantation owners. Accentuated by the rise in price of slaves seen just prior to the
2010:
was much more unequal in the South than in the North arises from studies concerned with the equality of land, slave, and wealth distribution. For example, in certain states and counties, due to the concentration of landholding and slave holding, which were highly correlated, six percent of landowners
2072:
The plantation system created an environment for the South to experience an economic boom in the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries. However, reliance on both the plantation system and more widespread slave labor, left the South in a precarious economic situation. Following the end of the Civil War
1775:
Society was stratified, inegalitarian, and perceived by immigrants as lacking in opportunities. Consequently, the manufacturing base lagged behind that of the non-slave states. Wealth inequality grew as the larger landholders took the greater share of the profits generated by enslaved persons, which
2063:
Many claim that being a part of the
British mercantilist system was in the best economic interest of the American colonies as well, as they would not have been able to survive as independent economic entities. Robert Haywood, in his article "Mercantilism and South Carolina Agriculture, 1700–1763",
2019:
While the two largest classes in the South included land- and slave-owners and slaves, various strata of social classes existed within and between the two. In examining class relations and the banking system in the South, the economic exploitation of slave labor can be seen to arise from a need to
1859:
can be seen as the factory system applied to agriculture, with a concentration of labor under skilled management. But while the industrial manufacturing-based labor economy of the North was driven by growing demand, maintenance of the plantation economic system depended upon slave labor, which was
1965:
as the principal supply of labor in the plantation systems of the South, the economic nature of the institution of slavery aided in the increased inequality of wealth seen in the antebellum South. The demand for slave labor and the U.S. ban on importing more slaves from Africa drove up prices for
1827:
as a source of labor for the harvesting of crops. There were almost 700,000 enslaved persons in the U.S. in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population or roughly one in every six people. This would persist through the 17th and 18th centuries, but it was not until the
2107:
that the South was relatively less successful in attracting immigrants due to the South's reputation as a more stratified society. Striving immigrants who sought economic advancement thus tended to favor the more egalitarian North, compared to the more aristocratic South, where there were fewer
1763:
and the associated societal norms it cultivated. Over the course of this period, Southern leaders underwent a transformation in their perspective on slavery. Initially regarded as an awkward and temporary institution, it gradually evolved into a defended concept, with proponents arguing for its
2055:
had realized the revenue potential of tobacco and quickly changed its official moral stance towards its use. As a result, tobacco plantations sprung up across the
American South in large numbers to support European demand. By 1670, more than half of all tobacco shipped to England was being
2088:
suggested that the South misallocated labor compared to the North, which more eagerly embraced women and child labor in its factories to push forward industrialization due to their relative value to
Northern agriculture being lesser than in Southern agriculture.
2011:
ended up commanding one-third of the gross income and an even higher portion of the net income. The majority of landowners, who had smaller scale plantations, saw a disproportionately small portion in revenues generated by the slavery-driven plantation system.
2092:
While the South still attracted immigrants from Europe, the North attracted far more during the early-to-mid 1800s, such that by the time of the
American Civil War, the population of the North far exceeded the non-enslaved population of the South per the
1911:. "Most farmers in the South had small-to-medium-sized farms with few slaves, but the large plantation owner's wealth, often reflected in the number of slaves they owned, afforded them considerable prestige and political power."
2031:
ideologies largely explain the rise of the plantation system in the United States. In the 16th and 17th centuries under mercantilism, rulers of nations believed that the accumulation of wealth through a favorable
1899:
Phillips argued that large-scale plantation slavery was inefficient and not progressive. It had reached its geographical limits by 1860 or so, and therefore eventually had to fade away (as happened in
2064:
argues that "it was unthinkable that any trade could prosper in the straight-jacket of regimented and restricted international trade, without the guiding hand of a powerful protecting government."
1799:
cause was heroic, that enslaved people were happy and satisfied, and that slavery was not the primary cause of the war. This phenomenon has continued to the present day to contribute to
1889:, who studied slavery not so much as a political issue between North and South, but as a social and economic system. He focused on the large plantations that dominated the South.
1947:
that slavery was both efficient and profitable, as long as the price of cotton was high enough. In turn, Fogel and
Engerman came under attack from other historians of slavery.
1836:
in the 1790s, that slavery grew very profitable and that the large plantation system developed. In the 15 years between the invention of the cotton gin and the passage of the
1704:
1848:
The
Antebellum South saw large expansions in agriculture, while manufacturing growth remained relatively slow. The Southern economy was characterized by a low level of
4104:
3283:
965:
517:
1970:, the overall costs associated with owning slaves to the individual plantation owner led to the concentration of slave ownership seen at the eve of the Civil War.
2225:
3966:
3785:
827:
684:
4407:
1255:
2166:
72:
4916:
4130:
4120:
991:
981:
3926:
3773:
2326:
1892:
Phillips addressed the unprofitability of slave labor and slavery's ill effects on the
Southern economy. An example of pioneering comparative work was
1856:
1697:
1224:
787:
4844:
1629:
4936:
4326:
3951:
3900:
1182:
812:
761:
3961:
3779:
3674:
3212:
1998:, and slaves; while in the northern and western states, much of the social spectrum was dominated by a wide range of different laboring classes.
1863:
The five major commodities of the
Southern agricultural economy were cotton, grain, tobacco, sugar, and rice, with the production of the leading
1765:
822:
638:
4951:
4096:
2675:
957:
4083:
1690:
3991:
3931:
3830:
3577:
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3293:
3199:
3080:
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2919:
2867:
2787:
852:
792:
677:
616:
594:
561:
528:
473:
429:
407:
374:
341:
308:
1990:, or even that of the agrarian West. This led to a sharp division in class in the southern states, between the landowning "master" class,
4762:
4110:
3872:
3687:
2006:
The conclusion that, while both the North and the South were characterized by a high degree of inequality during the plantation era, the
1646:
1603:
971:
733:
2047:. When tobacco was first discovered as a recreational substance, there was a widespread social backlash in England, spearheaded by King
4941:
4453:
4399:
4363:
3936:
3325:
1301:
1246:
1219:
797:
4946:
4009:
3946:
3941:
3894:
3303:
2855:
2815:
870:
807:
802:
769:
755:
690:
4368:
4280:
4266:
4125:
4076:
4029:
4024:
3971:
3921:
3866:
3369:
3234:
3046:
1880:
1136:
1122:
986:
937:
890:
885:
832:
782:
727:
184:
4752:
4412:
4358:
3956:
3915:
3886:
3458:
1914:
Phillips contended that masters treated enslaved persons relatively well; his views on that issue were later sharply rejected by
1593:
1214:
817:
776:
747:
4921:
4019:
3858:
3843:
3768:
3751:
880:
719:
704:
4880:
4448:
4345:
4253:
3998:
3880:
3837:
3702:
2670:
2665:
2652:
2294:
2258:
2037:
1837:
1824:
1744:
1668:
1296:
1260:
1201:
1109:
859:
741:
698:
506:
296:
3790:
1978:
Much of the Antebellum South was rural, and in line with the plantation system, largely agricultural. With the exception of
3664:
2577:
4870:
4287:
4037:
3590:
3530:
3120:
2634:
2376:
1656:
1143:
898:
278:
2519:
4865:
4352:
4115:
3976:
3908:
3848:
3642:
3145:
3135:
3051:
1651:
1208:
976:
837:
709:
1907:(1910), he argued that slavery was an unprofitable relic that persisted because it produced social status, honor, and
4014:
4004:
3540:
3177:
3014:
2597:
2221:
1956:
1784:
1769:
875:
865:
266:
4313:
3567:
3396:
3229:
3189:
3068:
2602:
2447:
1800:
1169:
944:
583:
2199:
4931:
4514:
4248:
4204:
3600:
3098:
2954:
2159:
1362:
1104:
1055:
3984:
3853:
3620:
1986:, the slave states had no large cities, and the urban population of the South could not compare to that of the
845:
714:
2464:
4699:
4308:
4293:
4228:
4218:
4189:
4179:
3717:
2117:
1796:
1792:
1547:
1164:
1149:
1079:
1069:
1040:
1030:
217:
2318:
4298:
4272:
4258:
4233:
4223:
4174:
4090:
3697:
3207:
2981:
2875:
2660:
2586:
1928:
1760:
1154:
1128:
1114:
1084:
1074:
1025:
951:
484:
244:
4728:
4624:
4194:
3463:
2840:
2805:
2052:
1578:
1472:
1045:
1035:
168:
20:
4926:
4318:
4303:
4168:
3682:
3024:
2800:
2770:
2735:
1987:
1983:
1174:
1159:
1019:
176:
2250:
Dixie's Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture
4911:
4808:
4793:
4783:
4742:
4664:
4629:
4199:
3266:
3093:
3063:
2832:
2094:
1583:
1512:
1477:
1050:
539:
156:
4813:
4788:
4704:
4609:
4569:
4161:
3707:
3550:
3535:
3436:
3384:
3342:
3330:
3167:
2969:
2570:
1552:
1457:
1417:
1012:
164:
3244:
140:
4803:
4798:
4778:
4669:
4659:
4654:
4634:
4184:
3712:
3029:
2974:
2775:
1886:
1517:
1507:
1502:
1482:
2720:
4834:
4818:
4757:
4584:
4499:
4443:
3727:
3659:
3595:
3523:
3288:
3041:
2986:
2897:
2820:
2725:
2710:
2397:
Conrad, Alfred H.; Meyer, John R. (1958). "The Economics of Slavery in the Ante Bellum South".
1740:
1619:
1598:
1432:
1347:
1291:
363:
208:
172:
102:
54:
45:
There were just over 3.2 million slaves in the U.S. in 1850, about 14% of the total population.
1896:(1914). His methods inspired the "Phillips school" of slavery studies, between 1900 and 1950.
4619:
4614:
4489:
4212:
3763:
3746:
3722:
3615:
3610:
3557:
3379:
3347:
3155:
3140:
2730:
2705:
2690:
1840:, an increase in the slave trade occurred, furthering the slave system in the United States.
1467:
1462:
1337:
1063:
627:
572:
550:
2484:"The Relative Productivity Hypothesis of Industrialization: The American Case, 1820 to 1850"
256:
4890:
4709:
4674:
4579:
4554:
4243:
3740:
3692:
3632:
3468:
3389:
3249:
3172:
3130:
3009:
2959:
2944:
2927:
2827:
2715:
2685:
1962:
1849:
1820:
1678:
1557:
1522:
1427:
1402:
1099:
1089:
396:
385:
330:
160:
68:
64:
40:
8:
4694:
4644:
4599:
4589:
4574:
4564:
4549:
4529:
4504:
4494:
4484:
4238:
4058:
4048:
3490:
3239:
2932:
2850:
2845:
2795:
2695:
2563:
2007:
1937:
1734:
1542:
1492:
1447:
1437:
1422:
1412:
1397:
1377:
1352:
1342:
1332:
1094:
919:
909:
319:
144:
4714:
4689:
4594:
4534:
4509:
4479:
4469:
4068:
4063:
4053:
4043:
3756:
3734:
3254:
3113:
3088:
3058:
3019:
2902:
2745:
2511:
2503:
2422:
2414:
2122:
2074:
1967:
1788:
1756:
1562:
1537:
1442:
1382:
1357:
1327:
1317:
929:
924:
914:
904:
440:
418:
213:
2483:
4886:
4649:
4604:
4544:
4519:
4474:
4417:
3654:
3485:
3298:
2885:
2680:
2641:
2515:
2426:
2300:
2290:
2264:
2254:
1942:
1915:
1900:
1674:
1497:
1452:
1392:
1367:
1322:
1265:
284:
90:
2222:"Lost Cause Textbooks: Civil War Education in the South from the 1890s to the 1920s"
4679:
4559:
4524:
4422:
4337:
4332:
3823:
3261:
3224:
3150:
3108:
2964:
2765:
2760:
2495:
2406:
2103:
2085:
2033:
1919:
1918:. His conclusions about the economic decline of slavery were challenged in 1958 by
1780:
1527:
1407:
1372:
1270:
1193:
1188:
670:
495:
118:
98:
4747:
4684:
4639:
4539:
3545:
3478:
3374:
3335:
3219:
3162:
3034:
2937:
2835:
2755:
2750:
2700:
2451:
1748:
1588:
1532:
1487:
1387:
462:
180:
130:
122:
4427:
3495:
3473:
3451:
3429:
3424:
2949:
2880:
2810:
2555:
2081:
2057:
2048:
1725:
1275:
352:
152:
148:
126:
114:
94:
2439:
Haywood, C. Robert. "Mercantilism and South Carolina Agriculture, 1700–1763."
2368:
2268:
4905:
3637:
3414:
2541:
2304:
2098:
2043:
One example of England utilizing the American colonies for economic gain was
1923:
110:
82:
3626:
3562:
3103:
2248:
2028:
1933:
86:
2284:
3518:
3446:
3362:
3182:
2907:
1979:
1908:
1833:
1752:
204:
2444:
3605:
3513:
3419:
3352:
3125:
2507:
2418:
2191:
2127:
1995:
1868:
1829:
1808:
1804:
605:
451:
106:
3441:
2141:, the post-Reconstruction era economy and society of the Southern U.S.
3271:
2890:
2740:
2138:
2132:
1864:
2499:
3647:
3585:
3357:
3276:
2410:
2040:
to take advantage of rich natural resources and encourage exports.
2044:
16:
Historical period in the Southern United States from 1815 to 1861
1991:
1811:
in the South, and to a lesser extent the rest of the country.
2286:
Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 1865–1920
2135:, the pre-Civil War economy and society of the Southern U.S.
2192:"The Southern Argument for Slavery [ushistory.org]"
221:
2273:(First published in 2003; 2019 edition has a new preface.)
1874:
1776:
also helped to entrench their power as a political class.
1768:, while simultaneously vehemently opposing the burgeoning
200:
2014:
1950:
1791:. In the years that followed the Civil War, the war was
2160:"1850 US Census, Chapter V: Slave Population of the US"
2038:
several European nations began to colonize the Americas
2253:. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida.
2051:
himself. By the middle of the 17th century, however,
19:"Antebellum era" redirects here. For other uses, see
2482:
Goldin, Claudia; Sokoloff, Kenneth (1 August 1984).
1823:brought enslaved Africans to the South during the
4903:
2585:
2036:was the best way to ensure power. As a result,
29:Antebellum Period in the Southern United States
2481:
1795:to protect three central assertions: that the
2856:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution
2571:
2023:
1698:
3780:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2289:. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press.
1932:. Their arguments were further developed by
2396:
2067:
4917:Economic history of the American Civil War
2578:
2564:
1705:
1691:
39:
3304:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
2319:"Cotton Gin and the Expansion of Slavery"
2108:perceived opportunities for advancement.
1867:, cotton, which were concentrated in the
1881:Treatment of slaves in the United States
4937:Historical regions in the United States
3459:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
2540:
2349:
1875:Inefficiency of slave-based agriculture
1871:(Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana).
1793:romanticized by historical revisionists
1759:. This era was marked by the prevalent
238:This article is part of a series on the
4904:
2522:from the original on 11 September 2023
2465:"State by State | American Experience"
2441:The South Carolina Historical Magazine
2282:
2015:Effects of social structure on economy
1951:Effects of economy on social structure
1905:The Decadence of the Plantation System
4952:History of the Southern United States
4387:
4149:
3811:
2615:
2559:
2445:https://www.jstor.org/stable/27566205
2172:from the original on November 4, 2021
1926:in a landmark study published in the
1885:The leading historian of the era was
1843:
1838:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves
1745:history of the Southern United States
2363:
2361:
2345:
2343:
2001:
2443:, vol. 60, no. 1, 1959, pp. 15–27.
2246:
2213:
1973:
1787:, eventually boiling over into the
13:
3146:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act
3136:Assassination of James A. Garfield
2488:The Quarterly Journal of Economics
648: Modern Era
14:
4963:
4942:19th century in the United States
3178:Assassination of William McKinley
2358:
2340:
2323:Digital Public Library of America
1957:The Impending Crisis of the South
1940:, who argued in their 1974 book,
1783:, slavery's propagation became a
4947:Plantations in the United States
4885:
4876:
4875:
4840:
4839:
3397:Assassination of John F. Kennedy
3190:Nadir of American race relations
3069:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
2369:"Antebellum Period – HistoryNet"
2219:
1785:major issue in national politics
1673:
1664:
1663:
1625:
1624:
255:
220:
199:
3099:First transcontinental railroad
2534:
2475:
2457:
2433:
2379:from the original on 2016-11-19
2329:from the original on 2021-11-07
2283:Wilson, Charles Reagan (2009).
2228:from the original on 6 May 2021
2202:from the original on 2021-08-17
2390:
2311:
2276:
2240:
2184:
2152:
1:
4922:Eras of United States history
2145:
2118:Confederate States of America
1961:As slavery began to displace
218:Confederate States of America
195:
4267:Hispanic and Latino American
3121:Second Industrial Revolution
2955:Nat Turner's slave rebellion
2661:Exploration of North America
2587:History of the United States
2399:Journal of Political Economy
1929:Journal of Political Economy
1123:Hispanic and Latino American
7:
3791:Indictments of Donald Trump
2982:First Industrial Revolution
2816:Declaration of Independence
2806:Second Continental Congress
2111:
1743:') was a period in the
169:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
21:Antebellum (disambiguation)
10:
4968:
4388:
4150:
3812:
3683:Killing of Osama bin Laden
2771:First Continental Congress
2616:
2352:A Jamaica Slave Plantation
2080:A 1984 journal article by
2024:Mercantilist underpinnings
1954:
1894:A Jamaica Slave Plantation
1878:
1814:
1757:American Civil War in 1861
18:
4861:
4827:
4771:
4735:
4723:
4462:
4436:
4398:
4394:
4383:
4156:
4145:
3818:
3807:
3673:
3576:
3504:
3405:
3316:
3267:Wall Street Crash of 1929
3198:
3079:
3064:Emancipation Proclamation
2995:
2918:
2866:
2833:Articles of Confederation
2786:
2671:Native American epidemics
2651:
2626:
2622:
2611:
2593:
2095:1860 United States census
1819:In the 18th century, the
212:
198:
190:
136:
78:
60:
50:
38:
33:
28:
4753:Northern Mariana Islands
3326:Strike wave of 1945–1946
2354:. WENTWORTH Press, 2016.
2350:Bonnell, Ulrich (1914).
2101:argued in his 2011 book
2068:Adverse economic effects
626:
604:
582:
571:
549:
538:
516:
505:
494:
483:
461:
450:
439:
417:
395:
384:
362:
351:
329:
318:
73:Buildup to the Civil War
4288:Middle Eastern American
4105:Technology and industry
2975:Seneca Falls Convention
2776:Continental Association
2676:Settlement of Jamestown
1887:Ulrich Bonnell Phillips
1747:that extended from the
1144:Middle Eastern American
966:Technology and industry
4932:Jeffersonian democracy
4408:Admission to the Union
3774:Afghanistan withdrawal
3769:January 6 insurrection
3688:Rise in mass shootings
3660:Virginia Tech shooting
3213:Paris Peace Conference
2987:Second Great Awakening
2726:American Enlightenment
2247:Cox, Karen L. (2019).
1729:
1256:Admission to the Union
103:William Henry Harrison
55:Southern United States
4400:Territorial evolution
3764:George Floyd Protests
3747:Unite the Right rally
3616:Oklahoma City bombing
3611:Republican Revolution
3558:Space Shuttle program
3380:Civil Rights Movement
3348:North Atlantic Treaty
3156:Sherman Antitrust Act
3141:Chinese Exclusion Act
2731:French and Indian War
2721:Prelude to Revolution
2706:First Great Awakening
2666:European colonization
1770:abolitionist movement
1247:Territorial evolution
540:Post-World War II Era
4314:Palestinian American
3741:Obergefell v. Hodges
3633:September 11 attacks
3469:Second-wave feminism
3390:Cuban Missile Crisis
3250:Bath School disaster
3168:Spanish–American War
3131:The Gospel of Wealth
3010:California Gold Rush
2970:Mexican–American War
2960:Nullification crisis
2928:Era of Good Feelings
2828:Confederation period
2736:Proclamation of 1763
2686:Atlantic slave trade
1963:indentured servitude
1860:abundant and cheap.
1850:capital accumulation
1821:Atlantic slave trade
1755:to the start of the
1170:Palestinian American
386:Era of Good Feelings
331:Confederation period
268:Timeline and periods
165:Mexican–American War
161:Nullification crisis
65:Era of Good Feelings
4763:U.S. Virgin Islands
4249:Lithuanian American
4205:Vietnamese American
3551:End of the Cold War
3541:Invasion of Grenada
3491:Iran hostage crisis
3240:Tulsa race massacre
3047:Election of Lincoln
3042:Dred Scott decision
3030:Kansas–Nebraska Act
2933:Missouri Compromise
2851:Northwest Ordinance
2841:Pennsylvania Mutiny
2836:and Perpetual Union
2796:American Revolution
2711:War of Jenkins' Ear
2008:wealth distribution
1938:Stanley L. Engerman
1809:religious attitudes
1761:practice of slavery
1105:Lithuanian American
1056:Vietnamese American
320:American Revolution
185:Election of Lincoln
145:Missouri Compromise
4413:Historical regions
4369:Transgender people
3927:Capital punishment
3786:Support of Ukraine
3735:Black Lives Matter
3643:War in Afghanistan
3568:Invasion of Panama
3524:Iran–Contra affair
3385:Early–mid Cold War
3255:Harlem Renaissance
3114:Compromise of 1877
3089:Reconstruction era
3025:Fugitive Slave Act
3020:Compromise of 1850
2965:Westward expansion
2903:Louisiana Purchase
2746:Stamp Act Congress
2691:King William's War
2450:2019-08-24 at the
2373:www.historynet.com
2123:Reconstruction era
2075:Reconstruction era
1844:Economic structure
1225:Transgender people
788:Capital punishment
441:Reconstruction Era
214:American Civil War
177:Fugitive Slave Act
173:Compromise of 1850
4927:American frontier
4899:
4898:
4857:
4856:
4853:
4852:
4418:American frontier
4379:
4378:
4309:Lebanese American
4294:Egyptian American
4229:Estonian American
4219:Albanian American
4213:European American
4190:Japanese American
4180:Filipino American
4141:
4140:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3752:COVID-19 pandemic
3655:Hurricane Katrina
3596:Los Angeles riots
3486:Watergate scandal
3331:Start of Cold War
3299:Manhattan Project
2886:Whiskey Rebellion
2716:King George's War
2681:Thirteen Colonies
2642:Pre-Columbian Era
2296:978-0-8203-4072-2
2260:978-0-8130-6413-0
2196:www.ushistory.org
2002:Wealth inequality
1943:Time on the Cross
1916:Kenneth M. Stampp
1857:plantation system
1828:invention of the
1781:expanded westward
1738:
1715:
1714:
1637:
1636:
1266:American frontier
1165:Lebanese American
1150:Egyptian American
1080:Estonian American
1070:Albanian American
1064:European American
1041:Japanese American
1031:Filipino American
655:
654:
628:Post-Cold War Era
285:Pre-Columbian Era
247:
232:
231:
228:
227:
141:Adams–OnĂs treaty
91:John Quincy Adams
4959:
4912:Antebellum South
4889:
4879:
4878:
4843:
4842:
4772:Outlying islands
4729:Washington, D.C.
4724:Federal District
4423:Manifest destiny
4396:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4327:Native Americans
4299:Iranian American
4273:Mexican American
4259:Serbian American
4244:Italian American
4234:Finnish American
4224:English American
4175:Chinese American
4162:African American
4147:
4146:
3952:Direct democracy
3942:The Constitution
3901:Higher education
3824:American Century
3809:
3808:
3262:Great Depression
3235:Women's suffrage
3225:Roaring Twenties
3151:Haymarket affair
3109:Enforcement Acts
2898:Jeffersonian era
2846:Shays' Rebellion
2766:Intolerable Acts
2761:Boston Tea Party
2696:Queen Anne's War
2624:
2623:
2613:
2612:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2546:American Nations
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2461:
2455:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2347:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2244:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2164:
2156:
2104:American Nations
2086:Kenneth Sokoloff
2034:balance of trade
1974:Social structure
1920:Alfred H. Conrad
1733:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1677:
1667:
1666:
1628:
1627:
1271:Manifest destiny
1261:Historic regions
1243:
1242:
1183:Native Americans
1155:Iranian American
1129:Mexican American
1115:Serbian American
1100:Italian American
1085:Finnish American
1075:English American
1026:Chinese American
1013:African American
813:Direct democracy
803:The Constitution
762:Higher education
671:American Century
573:Civil Rights Era
551:Civil Rights Era
507:Great Depression
496:Roaring Twenties
364:Jeffersonian Era
274:
273:
269:
259:
245:
234:
233:
224:
209:Jeffersonian Era
203:
196:
157:Manifest destiny
119:Millard Fillmore
99:Martin Van Buren
43:
26:
25:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4849:
4823:
4767:
4731:
4719:
4458:
4432:
4390:
4375:
4281:Jewish American
4254:Polish American
4195:Korean American
4185:Indian American
4152:
4137:
3992:Merchant Marine
3962:Law enforcement
3814:
3795:
3669:
3665:Great Recession
3572:
3546:Reagan Doctrine
3500:
3479:Stonewall riots
3401:
3375:Project Mercury
3336:Truman Doctrine
3312:
3220:First Red Scare
3194:
3163:Progressive Era
3075:
3035:Bleeding Kansas
2991:
2938:Monroe Doctrine
2914:
2862:
2821:Treaty of Paris
2782:
2756:Boston Massacre
2751:Sons of Liberty
2647:
2618:
2607:
2589:
2584:
2554:
2553:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2500:10.2307/1885960
2480:
2476:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2452:Wayback Machine
2438:
2434:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2359:
2348:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2297:
2281:
2277:
2261:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2229:
2218:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2114:
2070:
2026:
2017:
2004:
1976:
1959:
1953:
1909:political power
1883:
1877:
1846:
1825:colonial period
1817:
1779:As the country
1766:positive merits
1711:
1639:
1638:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1137:Jewish American
1110:Polish American
1090:German American
1046:Korean American
1036:Indian American
1007:
999:
998:
853:Merchant Marine
823:Law enforcement
691:Racial violence
665:
657:
656:
463:Progressive Era
271:
267:
248:
246:History of the
216:
207:
194:
183:
181:Bleeding Kansas
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
131:Abraham Lincoln
129:
125:
123:Franklin Pierce
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
71:
67:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4965:
4955:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4883:
4873:
4871:Historiography
4868:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4809:Navassa Island
4806:
4801:
4796:
4794:Johnston Atoll
4791:
4786:
4784:Howland Island
4781:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4743:American Samoa
4739:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4665:South Carolina
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4630:North Carolina
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4454:The West Coast
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4428:Indian removal
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4402:
4392:
4391:
4381:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4373:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4349:
4342:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4323:
4322:
4321:
4319:Saudi American
4316:
4311:
4306:
4304:Iraqi American
4301:
4296:
4284:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4263:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4239:Irish American
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4169:Asian American
4165:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4097:Sexual slavery
4087:
4080:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3967:Postal service
3964:
3959:
3957:Foreign policy
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3912:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3877:
3876:
3875:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3834:
3827:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3759:
3749:
3744:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3635:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3533:
3531:Crack epidemic
3528:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3510:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3496:Moral Majority
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3474:Gay liberation
3471:
3466:
3464:Counterculture
3461:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3452:Fall of Saigon
3449:
3444:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3430:Apollo program
3427:
3425:Project Gemini
3417:
3411:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3343:Early Cold War
3340:
3339:
3338:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3204:
3202:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3027:
3022:
3015:Prelude to War
3012:
3007:
3005:Antebellum Era
3001:
2999:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:Trail of Tears
2945:Jacksonian era
2942:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2881:Federalist Era
2878:
2876:Bill of Rights
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Lee Resolution
2808:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2628:
2620:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2542:Woodard, Colin
2533:
2494:(3): 461–487.
2474:
2456:
2432:
2411:10.1086/258020
2389:
2357:
2339:
2310:
2295:
2275:
2259:
2239:
2220:King, Connor.
2212:
2183:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2110:
2082:Claudia Goldin
2069:
2066:
2058:British Empire
2025:
2022:
2016:
2013:
2003:
2000:
1975:
1972:
1952:
1949:
1876:
1873:
1845:
1842:
1816:
1813:
1741:before the war
1713:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1671:
1660:
1659:
1657:Historiography
1654:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1302:The West Coast
1299:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1276:Indian removal
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1205:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1179:
1178:
1177:
1175:Saudi American
1172:
1167:
1162:
1160:Iraqi American
1157:
1152:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1095:Irish American
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1020:Asian American
1016:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
962:
961:
960:
958:Sexual slavery
948:
941:
934:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
895:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
856:
849:
842:
841:
840:
835:
830:
828:Postal service
825:
820:
818:Foreign policy
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
773:
766:
765:
764:
752:
751:
750:
738:
737:
736:
724:
723:
722:
717:
712:
707:
695:
694:
693:
681:
674:
666:
663:
662:
659:
658:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
642:
634:
633:
630:
623:
622:
620:
612:
611:
608:
601:
600:
598:
590:
589:
586:
579:
578:
575:
568:
567:
565:
557:
556:
553:
546:
545:
542:
535:
534:
532:
524:
523:
520:
513:
512:
509:
502:
501:
498:
491:
490:
487:
480:
479:
477:
469:
468:
465:
458:
457:
454:
447:
446:
443:
436:
435:
433:
425:
424:
421:
414:
413:
411:
403:
402:
399:
397:Jacksonian Era
392:
391:
388:
381:
380:
378:
370:
369:
366:
359:
358:
355:
353:Federalist Era
348:
347:
345:
337:
336:
333:
326:
325:
322:
315:
314:
312:
304:
303:
300:
292:
291:
288:
272:
265:
264:
261:
260:
252:
251:
241:
240:
230:
229:
226:
225:
211:
188:
187:
153:Trail of Tears
149:Indian removal
138:
134:
133:
127:James Buchanan
115:Zachary Taylor
95:Andrew Jackson
80:
76:
75:
69:Jacksonian Era
62:
58:
57:
52:
48:
47:
44:
36:
35:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4964:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4882:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:List of years
4864:
4863:
4860:
4846:
4838:
4836:
4835:Urban history
4833:
4832:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4814:Palmyra Atoll
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4789:Jarvis Island
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4770:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4738:
4736:Insular areas
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4705:West Virginia
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4610:New Hampshire
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4570:Massachusetts
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4386:
4382:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Thai American
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4148:
4144:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:Party Systems
4035:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3977:Voting rights
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3841:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3810:
3806:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3638:War on terror
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:Late Cold War
3534:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3415:Great Society
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Post-war boom
3368:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2576:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2453:
2449:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:(2): 95–130.
2404:
2400:
2393:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2243:
2227:
2223:
2216:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2099:Colin Woodard
2096:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2065:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1924:John R. Meyer
1921:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1721:
1708:
1703:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1652:List of years
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1631:
1623:
1621:
1620:Urban history
1618:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1308:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1236:
1235:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Thai American
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1003:
1002:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
968:
967:
963:
959:
956:
955:
954:
953:
949:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
899:Party Systems
896:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
843:
839:
838:Voting rights
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:
774:
772:
771:
767:
763:
760:
759:
758:
757:
753:
749:
746:
745:
744:
743:
739:
735:
732:
731:
730:
729:
725:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
696:
692:
689:
688:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
675:
673:
672:
668:
667:
661:
660:
650:
647:
646:
643:
641:
640:
636:
635:
631:
629:
625:
624:
621:
619:
618:
614:
613:
609:
607:
603:
602:
599:
597:
596:
592:
591:
587:
585:
581:
580:
576:
574:
570:
569:
566:
564:
563:
559:
558:
554:
552:
548:
547:
543:
541:
537:
536:
533:
531:
530:
526:
525:
521:
519:
515:
514:
510:
508:
504:
503:
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3947:Debt ceiling
3932:Civil Rights
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3831:Antisemitism
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3675:2008–present
3627:Bush v. Gore
3625:
3563:War on drugs
3437:Mid Cold War
3289:Pearl Harbor
3284:World War II
3104:Ku Klux Klan
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2701:Dummer's War
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2627:Pre-Colonial
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87:James Monroe
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4819:Wake Island
4585:Mississippi
4500:Connecticut
4444:New England
4111:Agriculture
4030:Coast Guard
4025:Space Force
3873:Immigration
3601:WTC bombing
3519:Reaganomics
3447:Vietnam War
3363:McCarthyism
3245:Second Klan
3230:Prohibition
3208:World War I
3183:Square Deal
3173:Imperialism
2908:War of 1812
2635:Prehistoric
2526:20 February
2176:November 5,
1996:poor whites
1980:New Orleans
1834:Eli Whitney
1797:Confederate
1753:War of 1812
1730:ante bellum
1571:Territories
1292:New England
972:Agriculture
891:Coast Guard
886:Space Force
734:Immigration
584:Vietnam War
485:World War I
279:Prehistoric
205:War of 1812
4906:Categories
4700:Washington
4620:New Mexico
4615:New Jersey
4490:California
3985:Journalism
3937:Corruption
3916:Government
3867:Demography
3854:Newspapers
3703:Sandy Hook
3606:Waco siege
3514:Reagan era
3420:Space Race
3353:Korean War
3294:home front
3126:Gilded Age
3094:Amendments
2383:2017-02-13
2333:2021-11-07
2269:1054372624
2206:2021-11-07
2146:References
2128:Deep South
2053:Parliament
1984:Charleston
1955:See also:
1879:See also:
1869:Deep South
1830:cotton gin
1749:conclusion
1724:era (from
1720:Antebellum
846:Journalism
798:Corruption
777:Government
728:Demography
715:Newspapers
606:Reagan Era
452:Gilded Age
290:until 1607
192:Chronology
137:Key events
107:John Tyler
4710:Wisconsin
4675:Tennessee
4580:Minnesota
4555:Louisiana
4449:The South
4020:Air Force
3895:Education
3757:recession
3713:Las Vegas
3621:Columbine
3578:1991–2008
3506:1980–1991
3407:1964–1980
3318:1945–1964
3272:Dust Bowl
3200:1917–1945
3081:1865–1917
3059:Civil War
3052:Secession
2997:1849–1865
2920:1815–1849
2891:Quasi-War
2868:1789–1815
2788:1776–1789
2741:Sugar Act
2548:. Viking.
2516:154315014
2427:154825201
2305:758389689
2139:New South
2133:Old South
2073:and into
1994:farmers,
1988:Northeast
1968:Civil War
1865:cash crop
1789:Civil War
1297:The South
881:Air Force
756:Education
632:1991–2008
617:1991–2008
610:1981–1991
595:1980–1991
588:1964–1975
577:1954–1968
562:1964–1980
555:1954–1968
544:1945–1964
529:1945–1964
522:1941–1945
511:1929–1941
500:1918–1929
489:1917–1918
474:1917–1945
467:1896–1917
456:1877–1896
445:1865–1877
430:1865–1917
423:1849–1865
408:1849–1865
401:1825–1849
390:1817–1825
375:1815–1849
368:1801–1817
357:1788–1801
342:1789–1815
335:1783–1788
324:1765–1783
309:1776–1789
302:1607–1765
61:Including
34:1815–1861
4881:Category
4695:Virginia
4645:Oklahoma
4625:New York
4600:Nebraska
4590:Missouri
4575:Michigan
4565:Maryland
4550:Kentucky
4530:Illinois
4505:Delaware
4495:Colorado
4485:Arkansas
4364:Lesbians
4338:Comanche
4333:Cherokee
4126:Medicine
4084:Genocide
4077:Religion
3999:Military
3972:Taxation
3922:Abortion
3838:Cultural
3718:Parkland
3648:Iraq War
3586:Gulf War
3358:Ivy Mike
3277:New Deal
2653:Colonial
2598:Timeline
2544:(2011).
2520:Archived
2448:Archived
2377:Archived
2327:Archived
2226:Archived
2200:Archived
2167:Archived
2112:See also
1669:Category
1220:Lesbians
1194:Comanche
1189:Cherokee
987:Medicine
938:Religion
860:Military
833:Taxation
783:Abortion
699:Cultural
51:Location
4715:Wyoming
4690:Vermont
4595:Montana
4535:Indiana
4515:Georgia
4510:Florida
4480:Arizona
4470:Alabama
4437:Regions
4359:Gay men
4131:Railway
4091:Slavery
3887:Banking
3881:Economy
3723:El Paso
3708:Orlando
3442:DĂ©tente
2603:Outline
2508:1885960
2469:PBS.org
2419:1827270
2232:16 July
2049:James I
2045:tobacco
1815:History
1751:of the
1737:
1647:Outline
1284:Regions
1215:Gay men
992:Railway
952:Slavery
748:Banking
742:Economy
4891:Portal
4845:Cities
4828:Cities
4650:Oregon
4605:Nevada
4545:Kansas
4520:Hawaii
4475:Alaska
4463:States
4389:Places
4151:Groups
4121:Lumber
4059:Fourth
4049:Second
3859:Sports
3844:Cinema
3813:Topics
3728:Uvalde
3698:Aurora
3693:Tucson
2617:Events
2514:
2506:
2425:
2417:
2303:
2293:
2267:
2257:
1992:yeoman
1903:). In
1901:Brazil
1807:, and
1801:racism
1679:Portal
1630:Cities
1612:Cities
1310:States
1239:Places
1006:Groups
982:Lumber
920:Fourth
910:Second
720:Sports
705:Cinema
664:Topics
4680:Texas
4560:Maine
4525:Idaho
4353:LGBTQ
4346:Women
4116:Labor
4069:Sixth
4064:Fifth
4054:Third
4044:First
3849:Music
3591:NAFTA
2512:S2CID
2504:JSTOR
2423:S2CID
2415:JSTOR
2170:(PDF)
2163:(PDF)
1739:'
1726:Latin
1722:South
1209:LGBTQ
1202:Women
977:Labor
930:Sixth
925:Fifth
915:Third
905:First
710:Music
4748:Guam
4685:Utah
4640:Ohio
4540:Iowa
4015:Navy
4005:Army
3909:Flag
2528:2022
2301:OCLC
2291:ISBN
2265:OCLC
2255:ISBN
2234:2021
2178:2021
2084:and
1982:and
1936:and
1922:and
1855:The
1735:lit.
1717:The
876:Navy
866:Army
770:Flag
282:and
2801:War
2496:doi
2407:doi
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1518:SD
1513:SC
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1498:OR
1493:OK
1488:OH
1483:ND
1478:NC
1473:NY
1468:NM
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1453:NV
1448:NE
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1438:MO
1433:MS
1428:MN
1423:MI
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1413:MD
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1388:IA
1383:IN
1378:IL
1373:ID
1368:HI
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