2298:
40:
2370:
2346:
2358:
242:
2334:
2322:
2310:
2246:
2274:
2286:
823:(as of 2012). In some of the non–English-speaking EU countries, the following percentages of adults claimed to be able to converse in English in 2012: 90% in the Netherlands; 89% in Malta; 86% in Sweden and Denmark; 73% in Cyprus, Croatia, and Austria; 70% in Finland; and over 50% in Greece, Belgium, Luxembourg, Slovenia, and Germany. In 2012, excluding native speakers, 38% of Europeans consider that they can speak English.
1789:
1793:
1810:
2072:
797:
in the
Commonwealth of Nations, which developed from the British Empire. English is the medium of inter-Commonwealth relations. The English language as used in the Commonwealth has sometimes been referred to as
1525:
2221:
1947:
2014:
2231:
2187:
2175:
2107:
2048:
2004:
1959:
320:
311:, these countries are not considered part of the English-speaking world as the language is still viewed primarily as a foreign tongue and does not serve an important cultural role in society.
2060:
1992:
2226:
2204:
1817:
1344:
1237:
219:, also use English as their primary official language even though it is not the native language of most of the people. English holds official status in numerous countries within the
1892:
1738:
1123:
1855:
826:
Books, magazines, and newspapers written in
English are available in many countries around the world; English is the most commonly used language in the sciences, with
833:
In publishing, English literature predominates considerably, with 28% of all books published in the world and 30% of web content in 2011 (down from 50% in 2000).
1513:
1551:
2163:
830:
reporting as early as 1997 that 95% of its articles were written in
English, even though only half of them came from authors in English-speaking countries.
1885:
93:
has been spread around the world since the 17th century, first by the worldwide influence of
England and later the United Kingdom, and then by that of the
2395:
778:. It is, by international treaty, the official language for aeronautical and maritime communications. English is one of the official languages of the
2092:
2038:
1937:
249:
English is the primary natively spoken language in several countries and territories. Five of the largest of these are sometimes described as the "
232:
2250:
2114:
1878:
75:
and the most widespread language geographically. The countries in which
English is the native language of most people are sometimes termed the
72:
1340:
2102:
1999:
68:
1471:
2097:
2055:
1982:
1229:
544:
67:
is an official, administrative, or cultural language. In the early 2000s, between one and two billion people spoke
English, making it the
30:
This article is about countries around the world that use
English. For countries with cultural and linguistic connections to England, see
2067:
1181:
1069:
1293:
849:
774:
of the modern era, and while it is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a
148:
1116:
753:
1025:
1836:
794:
1366:
1727:
1657:
1608:
1063:
882:
1758:
1186:...from what might be called the "core" Anglosphere nations: Britain, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the United States;
954:
136:(60 million). As of 2022, there were about 400 million native speakers of English. Including people who speak English as a
815:, and the perception of the usefulness of foreign languages among Europeans is 67% in favour of English, ahead of 17% for
1422:
1555:
994:
280:
language is also the primary native language and
English is the primary language of government and education, such as
1849:
1207:
1156:
1091:
2400:
417:
1392:
786:. It is also one of two co-official languages for astronauts (besides the Russian language) serving on board the
1865:
1844:. Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 2012. Table 2.5 Population by first language spoken and province (number).
1572:
276:
The term "Anglosphere" can sometimes be extended to include other countries and territories where
English or an
978:
836:
The increasing use of the
English language globally has had a large impact on many other languages, leading to
646:
277:
208:
86:
1258:
1684:
1230:"The Anglosphere and its Others: The 'English-speaking Peoples' in a Changing World Order – British Academy"
295:
While English is also spoken by a majority of people as a second language in a handful of countries such as
124:
have the most total English speakers, with 306 million and 129 million, respectively. These are followed by
433:
1266:
787:
17:
1790:"Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories"
2264:
102:
2405:
2390:
1448:
783:
800:
144:
calculated in 2003 that non-native speakers outnumbered native speakers by a ratio of three to one.
1640:
Crystal, David (2006). "Chapter 9: English worldwide". In Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. (eds.).
666:
425:
2030:
1478:
713:
589:
220:
1668:
1619:
1443:
1920:
1649:
845:
827:
373:
289:
97:. Through all types of printed and electronic media of these countries, English has become the
2350:
2211:
1173:
1053:
741:
455:
409:
1641:
2362:
1300:
737:
250:
8:
2338:
1870:
1502:
David Crystal (2000) Language Death, Preface; viii, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
704:
Although not official, English is also an important language in some former colonies and
467:
421:
353:
281:
200:
172:
2326:
1910:
1145:
924:
871:
164:
1591:
Bao, Z. (2006). "Variation in Nonnative Varieties of English". In Brown, Keith (ed.).
1131:...the core Anglosphere states – the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand...
1966:
1845:
1723:
1693:
1653:
1642:
1604:
1600:
1152:
1059:
1017:
972:
928:
878:
326:
204:
2290:
2124:
2084:
1596:
1370:
914:
775:
678:
674:
642:
585:
442:
212:
160:
152:
140:, estimates of the total number of Anglophones vary from 1.5 billion to 2 billion.
64:
2137:
1769:
2278:
1717:
998:
820:
816:
745:
686:
156:
137:
2369:
1147:
The Anglosphere: A Genealogy of a Racialized Identity in International Relations
39:
2314:
1691:
841:
837:
812:
779:
767:
757:
749:
709:
662:
618:
483:
381:
258:
129:
98:
90:
919:
902:
2384:
2302:
2142:
1289:
1049:
771:
429:
254:
168:
141:
94:
1414:
2374:
2182:
1987:
1954:
1624:
1199:
991:
761:
705:
626:
552:
548:
241:
176:
54: Official or administrative language, but not majority native language
2216:
2199:
654:
605:
556:
471:
413:
405:
357:
300:
270:
236:
188:
76:
31:
2194:
2158:
1929:
1384:
1003:
504:
401:
321:
List of countries and territories where English is an official language
110:
385:
2170:
2132:
1942:
1341:"ICAO Promotes Aviation Safety by Endorsing English Language Testing"
725:
622:
609:
593:
528:
459:
285:
266:
192:
1692:
Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (11 December 2012).
848:. English itself has become more open to language shift as multiple
2273:
1117:"The UK after Brexit: Can and Will the Anglosphere Replace the EU?"
721:
638:
601:
576:
564:
500:
496:
492:
463:
389:
361:
349:
331:
125:
314:
766:
Because English is so widely spoken, it has often been called a "
698:
690:
536:
532:
520:
516:
397:
393:
369:
337:
296:
196:
184:
133:
106:
1694:"Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland December 2012"
1549:
717:
694:
572:
568:
540:
524:
475:
446:
377:
365:
308:
304:
262:
1736:
1343:. International Civil Aviation Organization. 13 October 2011.
682:
670:
650:
597:
560:
512:
508:
479:
216:
180:
121:
1666:
935:
658:
634:
630:
1900:
782:
and many other international organizations, including the
114:
1472:
Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and Their Languages
1058:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 69.
1835:
1477:(Report). Eurobarometer Special Surveys. Archived from
1323:
1321:
1808:
896:
894:
226:
2262:
1369:. International Maritime Organization. Archived from
1318:
63:
comprises the 88 countries and territories in which
1469:
1377:
1092:"English: the Empire is dead. Long live the Empire"
891:
73:
third largest language by number of native speakers
1667:National Records of Scotland (26 September 2013).
1144:
870:
1787:
1683:
1550:Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 March 2013).
941:
105:in many regions and professional fields, such as
2382:
233:List of countries by English-speaking population
89:was the birthplace of the English language; the
1737:Office for National Statistics (4 March 2013).
1518:Journal of English as an International Language
1511:
731:
315:Countries where English is an official language
1570:
1514:"English Language Imperialism: Points of View"
1114:
341:) of the following countries and territories.
1886:
1288:
1018:"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"
1811:"2013 QuickStats About Culture and Identity"
545:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
175:—and their sub-varieties, countries such as
1367:"IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases"
1115:Mycock, Andrew; Wellings, Ben (July 2019).
245:English-speaking peoples monument in London
215:. Other countries and territories, such as
27:Countries and regions where English is used
2396:English-speaking countries and territories
1893:
1879:
1593:Encyclopedia of language & linguistics
1284:
1282:
1007:, Dallas, Texas: SIL International., 2022.
1759:"Language Use in the United States: 2011"
985:
918:
203:also have millions of native speakers of
1715:
1617:
1327:
852:feed back into the language as a whole.
240:
38:
1648:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
1639:
1279:
1142:
1089:
1048:
900:
868:
754:English as a second or foreign language
14:
2383:
1901:Geographical distribution of languages
1719:How English Became the Global Language
1395:from the original on 10 September 2022
69:largest language by number of speakers
1874:
1809:Statistics New Zealand (April 2014).
1739:"Language in England and Wales, 2011"
1299:. The British Council. Archived from
1210:from the original on 13 December 2015
1197:
1171:
811:English is studied most often in the
1788:Statistics Canada (22 August 2014).
1756:
1618:Crystal, David (19 November 2004b).
1571:Afhan Meytiyev (26 September 2013).
1174:"Getting Real About the Anglosphere"
1044:
1042:
1590:
1552:"2011 Census QuickStats: Australia"
1505:
1184:from the original on Oct 17, 2022.
1090:Mufwene, Salikoko S. (2016-03-14).
955:"How many Indians can you talk to?"
227:Majority English-speaking countries
24:
1172:Gregg, Samuel (17 February 2020).
1129:from the original on 6 June 2020.
804:, most often interchangeably with
25:
2417:
1861:from the original on 13 May 2015.
1766:American Community Survey Reports
1716:Northrup, David (20 March 2013).
1644:A History of the English language
1470:European Commission (June 2012).
1425:from the original on 7 March 2022
1347:from the original on 29 June 2014
1039:
79:. Speakers of English are called
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2245:
2244:
418:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1620:"Subcontinent Raises Its Voice"
1543:
1528:from the original on 2013-09-25
1496:
1463:
1436:
1407:
1359:
1333:
1251:
1240:from the original on 2017-04-22
1222:
1191:
1165:
1136:
1072:from the original on 2023-04-15
1028:from the original on 2023-06-18
784:International Olympic Committee
101:of international discourse and
1703:. Table KS207NI: Main Language
1601:10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04257-7
1595:. Elsevier. pp. 377–380.
1512:Jambor, Paul Z. (April 2007).
1108:
1083:
1010:
947:
862:
209:English-based creole languages
48: Majority native language
43:English language distribution
13:
1:
1757:Ryan, Camille (August 2013).
1151:. Stanford University Press.
855:
1838:Census 2011: Census in brief
1816:. p. 23. Archived from
1055:English as a Global Language
732:English as a global language
434:United States Virgin Islands
7:
1768:. p. 1. Archived from
1267:Central Intelligence Agency
1259:"Field Listing - Languages"
793:The English language has a
788:International Space Station
91:modern form of the language
10:
2422:
1415:"Joining the Commonwealth"
977:: CS1 maint: url-status (
735:
318:
230:
29:
2240:
2151:
2123:
2083:
2029:
1975:
1928:
1919:
1906:
1669:"Census 2011: Release 2A"
1449:Oxford English Dictionary
1200:"The Anglosphere Project"
920:10.1017/S0266078408000023
877:. John Wiley & Sons.
1671:. Scotland's Census 2011
1578:. Scotland's Census 2011
1294:"The Future of English?"
1143:Vucetic, Srdjan (2011).
667:Northern Mariana Islands
426:Turks and Caicos Islands
2401:Country classifications
2031:Germanic-speaking world
1685:"The Routes of English"
1573:"English and diplomacy"
903:"Two thousand million?"
901:Crystal, David (2008).
873:The language revolution
869:Crystal, David (2004).
795:particular significance
714:administrative language
712:where it is used as an
590:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
221:Commonwealth of Nations
1921:Romance-speaking world
1722:. Palgrave Macmillan.
1444:"Commonwealth English"
959:www.hindustantimes.com
846:linguistic imperialism
828:Science Citation Index
374:British Virgin Islands
290:Commonwealth Caribbean
246:
120:The United States and
87:Early Medieval England
61:English-speaking world
56:
2212:Uralic-speaking world
2125:Celtic-speaking world
2085:Slavic-speaking world
1866:English and Diplomacy
1122:. Cicero Foundation.
942:The Routes of English
742:International English
456:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
410:Saint Kitts and Nevis
244:
42:
1743:2011 Census Analysis
1391:. The Commonwealth.
1373:on 27 December 2003.
1198:Lloyd, John (2000).
801:Commonwealth English
738:English in computing
149:varieties of English
1701:Statistics Bulletin
1389:thecommonwealth.org
1306:on 19 February 2007
844:, and to claims of
422:Trinidad and Tobago
354:Antigua and Barbuda
201:Trinidad and Tobago
173:New Zealand English
128:(104 million), the
1911:Language geography
1823:on 15 January 2015
1558:on 6 November 2015
1263:The World Factbook
997:2023-03-09 at the
850:regional varieties
247:
147:Besides the major
132:(68 million), and
57:
2260:
2259:
2025:
2024:
1729:978-1-137-30306-6
1659:978-0-511-16893-2
1610:978-0-08-044299-0
1178:Law & Liberty
1065:978-0-521-53032-3
884:978-0-745-63313-8
327:official language
103:the lingua franca
16:(Redirected from
2413:
2406:Cultural regions
2391:English language
2373:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2335:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2248:
2247:
1926:
1925:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1843:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1822:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1792:. Archived from
1784:
1782:
1780:
1774:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1733:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1698:
1688:
1687:. 1 August 2015.
1680:
1678:
1676:
1663:
1647:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1614:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1298:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1245:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1150:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1096:The Conversation
1087:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1046:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1014:
1008:
989:
983:
982:
976:
968:
966:
965:
951:
945:
939:
933:
932:
922:
898:
889:
888:
876:
866:
776:foreign language
679:Pitcairn Islands
675:Papua New Guinea
643:Marshall Islands
586:Christmas Island
443:Falkland Islands
253:"; they are the
251:core Anglosphere
213:Standard English
205:dialect continua
99:leading language
53:
47:
21:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2357:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2333:
2331:
2321:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2271:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2236:
2222:Hindustani list
2152:Other languages
2147:
2138:Scottish Gaelic
2119:
2079:
2021:
1971:
1915:
1902:
1899:
1858:
1852:
1841:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1799:
1797:
1796:on Sep 23, 2015
1778:
1776:
1772:
1761:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1706:
1704:
1696:
1674:
1672:
1660:
1630:
1628:
1611:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1561:
1559:
1546:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1426:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1398:
1396:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1319:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1296:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1234:British Academy
1228:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1196:
1192:
1170:
1166:
1159:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1098:
1088:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1016:
1015:
1011:
999:Wayback Machine
990:
986:
970:
969:
963:
961:
953:
952:
948:
940:
936:
899:
892:
885:
867:
863:
858:
806:British English
764:
746:World Englishes
734:
687:Solomon Islands
323:
317:
239:
231:Main articles:
229:
138:second language
55:
51:
49:
45:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2419:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2351:United Kingdom
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2035:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1945:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1850:
1833:
1806:
1785:
1754:
1734:
1728:
1713:
1689:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1637:
1615:
1609:
1588:
1568:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1504:
1495:
1462:
1435:
1406:
1376:
1358:
1332:
1317:
1278:
1250:
1221:
1190:
1164:
1157:
1135:
1107:
1082:
1064:
1050:Crystal, David
1038:
1009:
984:
946:
934:
890:
883:
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1938:Portuguese
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1385:"About Us"
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1101:2024-06-12
1076:2023-03-19
1032:2023-05-13
1022:Ethnologue
1004:Ethnologue
964:2024-07-27
856:References
736:See also:
647:Micronesia
402:Montserrat
288:, and the
165:Australian
111:navigation
2291:Australia
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1967:Catalan
1955:Spanish
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