591:, is typically a combination of seat warmer, bidet and drier, controlled by an electronic panel or remote control next to the toilet seat. A nozzle placed at rear of the toilet bowl aims a water jet to the anus and serves the purpose of cleaning. Many models have a separate "bidet" function aimed towards the front for vaginal cleansing. The spray toilet seat is common only in Western-style toilets, and is not incorporated in traditional style squat toilets. Some modern Japanese bidet toilets, especially in hotels and public areas, are labeled with pictograms to avoid language problems, and most newer models have a sensor that will refuse to activate the bidet unless someone is sitting on the toilet.
759:(khan) in Thai) or large cup, which is also used in bathing. In Thailand, the "bum gun" is ubiquitous. Some health faucets are metal sets attached to the bowl of the water closet, with the opening pointed at the anus. Toilets in public establishments mainly provide toilet paper for free or dispensed, though the dipper (often a cut up plastic bottle or small jug) is occasionally encountered in some establishments. Owing to its ethnic diversity, restrooms in Malaysia often feature a combination of anal cleansing methods where most public restrooms in cities offer toilet paper as well as a built in bidet or a small hand-held bidet shower (
794:
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2008:
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Novel pre-wipes and methods are disclosed for assisting in the cleaning of skin in the anal area. The pre-wipes comprise an anti-adherent formulation and are wiped across the anal region of a user prior to defecation to introduce a film of the anti-adherent formulation onto the anal region. This film
1225:
An
Examination of the Relationship Between Acculturative Stress and Lack of Facilities for Use of Water for Post Defecation Cleansing Among Sinhala Sri Lankan Immigrants in Australia, Canada and United States of America. A Dissertation Presented to the Dissertation Committee of the College of Health
384:
The inclusion of anal cleansing facilities is often overlooked in the design of public or shared toilets in developing countries. In most cases, materials for anal cleansing are not made available within those facilities. Ensuring safe disposal of anal cleansing materials is often overlooked, which
895:
A product of the 21st century, special foams, sprays and gels can be combined with dry toilet paper as alternatives to wet wipes. A moisturizing gel can be applied to toilet paper for personal hygiene or to reduce skin irritation from diarrhea. This product is called
561:. The availability of bidets varies widely within this group of countries. Furthermore, even where bidets exist, they may have other uses than for anal washing. In Italy, the installation of bidets in every household and hotel became mandatory by law on July 5, 1975.
1156:
126:), consisting of a sponge on a wooden stick. The stick would be soaked in a water channel in front of a toilet, and then stuck through the hole built into the front of the toilet for anal cleaning. The
909:
reduces the amount of fecal material that is retained in the anal region after defecation and reduces the amount of cleanup required. This reduced amount of cleanup results in cleaner, healthier skin.
48:
with water. Water-based cleansing typically involves either the use of running water from a handheld vessel and a hand for washing or the use of pressurized water through a jet device, such as a
1661:
850:
This practice continues today in parts of Africa; while rolls of toilet paper are readily available, they can be fairly expensive, prompting poorer members of the community to use newspapers.
40:. Post-defecation cleansing is rarely discussed academically, partly due to the social taboo surrounding it. The scientific objective of post-defecation cleansing is to prevent exposure to
443:
which encourages washing after all instances of defecation. There are flexible provisions for when water is scarce: stones or papers can be used for cleansing after defecation instead.
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In some parts of the world, especially before toilet paper was available or affordable, the use of newspaper, telephone directory pages, or other paper products was common. In
244:
Post-defecation facilities evolved with human civilization, and thus, so did post-defecation cleansing. According to
Fernando, there is archeological evidence of toilet use in
130:
was shared by people using public latrines. To clean the sponge, they washed it in a bucket with water and salt or vinegar. However, this became a breeding ground for
361:, and stones are sometimes used for anal cleansing. Having hygienic means for anal cleansing available at the toilet or site of defecation is important for overall
162:
had argued about the ineffectiveness of toilet paper in the 16th century. The first commercially available toilet paper was invented by
American entrepreneur
892:, they are notoriously bad for sewage systems as they do not decompose, although the wet wipe industry maintains they are biodegradable but not "flushable".
1407:"Anal cleansing practices and faecal contamination: a preliminary investigation of behaviours and conditions in schools in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya"
1011:"Anal cleansing practices and faecal contamination: a preliminary investigation of behaviours and conditions in schools in rural Nyanza Province, Kenya"
1980:
1653:
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and it is controlled by a small tap placed within hand's reach near the toilet. It is used to wash the anus after wiping and drying with toilet paper.
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2003:, Koenig, David; Krzysik, Duane & Biggs, David, "Pre-wipes for improving anal cleansing", published 2005-11-03, assigned to
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843:
catalog was also a popular choice until it began to be printed on glossy paper (at which point some people wrote to the company to complain). With
1226:
Sciences of
Trident University International in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Sciences.
1067:
476:", bidet shower, or "bum gun". It is commonly found to the right of the toilet where it is easy to reach. These are commonly used in the
338:
1712:
1800:
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1503:
Douching is commonly practiced in
Catholic countries. The bidet ... is still commonly found in France and other Catholic countries.
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Douching is commonly practiced in
Catholic countries. The bidet ... is still commonly found in France and other Catholic countries.
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264:. These toilets were found to be with a complete system of plumbing and sewage with multi-stage treatment plants. According to
52:. In either method, subsequent hand sanitization is essential to achieve the ultimate objectives of post-defecation cleansing.
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may find it more difficult to keep the anal area clean using only toilet paper and may prefer washing with water as well.
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The first "paperless" toilet seat was invented in Japan in 1980. A spray toilet seat, commonly known by Toto's trademark
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454:-style toilets have a small nozzle on the centre rear of the toilet rim aiming at the anus. This nozzle is called
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are often used, in combination with water if available. As wet wipes are produced from plastic textiles made of
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can lead to unhygienic debris inside or surrounding public toilets that contributes to the spread of diseases.
209:
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365:. The absence of proper materials in households can, under some circumstances, be correlated to the number of
1910:
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642:
205:
2033:(2nd ed.). Duebendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).
1369:(2nd ed.). Duebendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).
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vessel is often used to cleanse with water, though the shower or nozzle is common among new toilets.
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spraying water for cleaning. The water jet is used to wash the anus and buttocks after defecation.
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2613:
2598:
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1405:
McMahon, Shannon; Caruso, Bethany A.; Obure, Alfredo; Okumu, Fred; Rheingans, Richard D. (2011).
1230:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338717444_Fernando_Final_dissertataion_2-6-2017_-_Copy_1
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McMahon, Shannon; Caruso, Bethany A.; Obure, Alfredo; Okumu, Fred; Rheingans, Richard D. (2011).
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511:
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in Turkey do not have this kind of nozzle (a small bucket of water from a hand's reach tap or a
2884:
2869:
2302:
2023:
Tilley, Elizabeth; Ulrich, Lukas; Lüthi, Christoph; Reymond, Philippe; Zurbrügg, Chris (2014).
1860:
1359:
Tilley, Elizabeth; Ulrich, Lukas; Lüthi, Christoph; Reymond, Philippe; Zurbrügg, Chris (2014).
945:
Charlier, Philippe; Brun, Luc; Prêtre, Clarisse; Huynh-Charlier, Isabelle (17 December 2012).
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cultural traditions, water is usually used for anal cleansing. It is also practiced in some
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1854:
245:
44:. The process of post-defecation cleansing involves washing the anus and inner part of the
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682:
159:
8:
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2854:
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1324:(2nd rev and enlarged ed.). Stockholm: Stockholm Environment Institute. p. 67.
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66:
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984:
519:
350:
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864:, the directionality of wiping varies based on sex, personal preference, and culture.
321:. The cleaning process is typically done through either a pressurized device (e.g., a
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Water with soap cleansing is a reliable and hygienic way of removing fecal remnants.
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298:
1911:"Did You Know Wet Wipes Are Made With Plastic? This Is Why the UK Wants Them Banned"
988:
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381:, involves the widespread use of sponges and sticks as well as water and paper.
341:. Washing is sometimes followed by drying the cleaned areas with a cloth towel.
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2004:
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Some people wipe their anal region standing while others wipe theirs sitting.
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Made in Naples. Come Napoli ha civilizzato l'Europa (e come continua a farlo)
1432:
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330:
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1654:"A foreign blogger's fascination with the 'coolest Filipino household item'"
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Although wiping from front to back minimizes the risk of contaminating the
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for anal cleansing with water. Bidets are common bathroom fixtures in many
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466:
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326:
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109:
60:
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around the 2nd century BC. According to
Charlier (2012), French physician
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2327:
2317:
2140:
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1127:( ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. pp. 112, 190–191.
854:
745:, house bathrooms usually have a medium size wide plastic dipper (called
726:
257:
71:
2125:
2120:
774:. It is usually available both at general households and public places.
353:
and in other areas where water may not always be usable, such as during
256:, and the Baddhasimapasada and the Alahana Pirivena hospital complex in
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2823:
2808:
2644:
2457:
2442:
2312:
2307:
2240:
1955:
742:
273:
148:
37:
29:
16:
Hygienic practice performed on the anal area, primarily post-defecation
1392:
Water, sanitation, hygiene and diarrheal diseases in the Aral Sea area
963:
575:
2793:
2720:
2685:
2669:
2608:
2588:
2542:
2337:
1545:
885:
820:. Toilet paper is considered a very important household commodity in
817:
722:
261:
1928:
624:
472:
Another alternative resembles a miniature shower and is known as a "
183:
2773:
2710:
2578:
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2095:
921:
and similar natural materials may also be used for anal cleansing.
897:
881:
738:
730:
530:
366:
306:
302:
265:
253:
131:
97:
45:
41:
1956:"No 'flushable' wet wipes tested so far pass water industry tests"
2788:
2573:
2437:
2383:
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2287:
2250:
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1389:
Herbst, S. (2006). Ecology and development series No. 43, 2006 –
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92:
33:
1713:"Bạn sẽ không nhìn thấy vòi xịt toilet khi đến Mỹ – vì sao vậy?"
1068:"Toilet Issue: Anthropologists Uncover All the Ways We've Wiped"
944:
847:, using newspaper as toilet paper is likely to cause blockages.
763:) connected to the plumbing in the absence of a built-in bidet.
514:
which encourages washing after all instances of defecation. The
2593:
2583:
2152:
2100:
2081:
1985:
1520:
Made in Naples. How Naples civilised Europe (And still does it)
1318:
Eds.; Simpson-Hébert, co-authors: Uno
Winblad, Mayling (2004).
1199:"Toilet Paper History: How America Convinced the World to Wipe"
734:
558:
526:
447:
409:
357:, materials such as vegetable matter (leaves), mudballs, snow,
143:
1592:"A hose: Always next to every Finnish toilet – Big in Finland"
594:
369:
episodes per household. The history of anal hygiene, from the
2105:
599:
580:
534:
515:
497:
403:
322:
310:
78:. The modern rolls in the background are for size comparison.
75:
49:
398:
269:
2050:
1621:
Austro-Thai language and culture, with a glossary of roots
1182:
1522:] (in Italian). Addictions-Magenes Editoriale. 2013.
522:
where water is considered essential for anal cleansing.
28:
refers to the practices that are performed on a person's
2022:
1981:"Toilet Paper Gel Cleans Up No. 2 in More Ways Than One"
1358:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
1801:"What did people use before toilet paper was invented?"
1754:"A brief reflection on losing and finding toilet paper"
1404:
1008:
782:
439:
The use of water in Muslim countries is due in part to
337:) alongside a person's hand; many cultures assert that
1727:"How the Coronavirus Created a Toilet Paper Shortage"
1645:
1287:
995:
880:
When cleaning babies' buttocks during diaper changes
828:
of toilet paper in many
Western countries during the
248:, ranging from the 6th-century Abhayagiri Complex in
1598:
1929:"Wet wipes could face wipe-out in plastic clean-up"
1097:"This Is How They Wiped Themselves in Ancient Rome"
649:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
268:, toilet etiquettes (Wachchakutti Wattakkandaka in
1999:
1853:
1317:
808:—cleaning after defecation is generally done with
2030:Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
1366:Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies
280:, the earliest collection of Buddhist teachings.
2912:
1826:
134:, causing the spread of disease in the latrine.
1489:Contemporary Biology: Concepts and Implications
1464:Contemporary Biology: Concepts and Implications
1271:Contemporary Biology: Concepts and Implications
1243:Contemporary Biology: Concepts and Implications
1681:
1679:
1606:Zu viel Moralismus macht den Körper schmutzig.
1562:
1560:
1295:Zu viel Moralismus macht den Körper schmutzig.
870:
339:only the left hand is to be used for this task
2066:
1491:. University of Michigan Press. p. 613.
1273:. University of Michigan Press. p. 633.
1245:. University of Michigan Press. p. 613.
1798:
1411:Tropical Medicine & International Health
1344:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1223:Fernando, Wickramarachchige Sugath Rohitha.
1015:Tropical Medicine & International Health
252:; the 10th-century Pamsukulika Monastery in
1885:"Apparently Butt-Wiping Is a Heated Debate"
1685:
1676:
1557:
1546:L'historique du papier toilette et du bidet
602:of the traditional type, available in many
212:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
151:") were used for post-defecation cleaning.
2073:
2059:
1581:(in Portuguese), 18 November 1975, art. 84
940:
938:
936:
934:
875:
1422:
1395:. PhD thesis, Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag
1161:. Oxford: Heinemann Library. p. 18.
1026:
962:
709:Learn how and when to remove this message
260:; to the 12th-century hospital toilet in
232:Learn how and when to remove this message
154:The use of toilet paper first started in
1953:
1882:
1617:
1579:Decreto-Lei n.º 650/75 de 18 de Novembro
1486:
1461:
1352:
1268:
1240:
792:
593:
574:
408:
397:
59:
2016:
1651:
931:
388:
329:) or a non-pressurized vessel (e.g., a
2913:
2845:History of water supply and sanitation
2731:Sulabh International Museum of Toilets
1688:"Trade the Toilet Paper for a Bum Gun"
1154:
1094:
1065:
491:
2054:
1908:
1829:"Why toilet paper belongs to America"
1751:
1664:from the original on 10 November 2018
1059:
947:"Toilet hygiene in the classical era"
721:In Southeast Asian countries such as
293:In countries that have predominantly
1120:
912:
783:Western world and Sub-Saharan Africa
647:adding citations to reliable sources
618:
210:adding citations to reliable sources
177:
64:Anal cleansing instruments known as
2900:Workers' right to access the toilet
2850:Human right to water and sanitation
1954:Campbell, Emma (13 November 2018).
1652:Malasig, Jeline (7 November 2018).
424:
13:
2482:Toilet-related injuries and deaths
1883:Baragona, Louis (29 August 2018).
1686:Nguyen-Okwu, Leslie (9 May 2016).
1584:
579:A Japanese toilet with integrated
14:
2937:
2696:Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue
1731:College of Natural Resources News
1082:10.1038/scientificamerican0313-85
614:
283:
166:in 1857, with the dawning of the
2860:Infection prevention and control
1909:Pajda, Aleksandra (7 May 2018).
1827:Rodriguez, Linda (8 July 2009).
1715:(in Vietnamese). 15 August 2017.
1466:. University of Michigan Press.
1424:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02879.x
1028:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02879.x
623:
182:
2448:Privatization of public toilets
1993:
1973:
1947:
1921:
1902:
1876:
1846:
1820:
1799:Adams, Cecil (15 August 1986).
1792:
1745:
1719:
1705:
1611:
1572:
1536:
1508:
1480:
1455:
1398:
1383:
1311:
1300:
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1234:
1188:Needham, Volume 5, Part 1, 123.
777:
634:needs additional citations for
91:were known to use fragments of
1217:
1191:
1148:
1114:
1095:Silver, Carly (24 July 2020).
1088:
804:In some cultures—such as many
105:), to perform anal cleansing.
36:, usually in the aftermath of
1:
2005:Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc.
1770:10.1080/14753634.2020.1759290
1124:Why America is not a new Rome
924:
173:
2716:Public toilets in Bratislava
1066:Mirsky, Steve (March 2013).
903:
564:
168:Second Industrial Revolution
82:
7:
2386:(combined toilet and bidet)
2080:
1752:Güzel, Aziz (2 July 2020).
1624:. HRAF Press. p. 271.
1567:Decreto ministeriale Sanità
871:Other methods and materials
812:only, until the person can
543:Southern European countries
518:is common in predominantly
10:
2942:
2487:Toilet Revolution in China
1618:Benedict, Paul K. (1975).
1608:, in: FAZ, 24 aprile 2010.
1297:, in: FAZ, 24 aprile 2010.
786:
568:
495:
428:
317:cultures, such as that of
288:
141:, wooden skewers known as
55:
2832:
2766:
2678:
2632:
2551:
2510:
2393:
2193:
2088:
1551:24 September 2017 at the
839:, the widely distributed
512:biblical toilet etiquette
344:
123:
2751:Toilets in New York City
2701:Modern Toilet Restaurant
2433:Islamic toilet etiquette
824:, as illustrated by the
441:Islamic toilet etiquette
431:Islamic toilet etiquette
393:
2655:Fecal sludge management
2614:Urine collection device
2599:Urinal deodorizer block
2564:Female urination device
1487:E. Clark, Mary (2006).
1462:E. Clark, Mary (2006).
1269:E. Clark, Mary (2006).
1241:E. Clark, Mary (2006).
876:Wet wipes and gel wipes
2885:Sustainable sanitation
2870:Reuse of human excreta
1861:Harvard Medical School
1758:Psychodynamic Practice
1569:, 5 July 1975, art. 7.
853:People suffering from
801:
611:
584:
510:is due in part to the
418:
406:
79:
2840:Ecological sanitation
2741:Toilet History Museum
2691:Hundertwasser Toilets
2633:Feces-related aspects
2552:Urine-related aspects
2453:Swachh Bharat Mission
1321:Ecological sanitation
1155:Shuter, Jane (2004).
1121:Smil, Vaclav (2010).
796:
770:, people often use a
597:
578:
496:Further information:
412:
401:
349:In some parts of the
272:) were enumerated by
63:
2756:Bryant Park restroom
2604:Urinal (health care)
2423:Honeywagon (vehicle)
1158:Life in a Roman fort
755:in the Philippines,
643:improve this article
389:Cultural preferences
206:improve this section
2855:Improved sanitation
2706:National Poo Museum
2650:Defecation postures
2511:Jobs and activities
2413:Bathroom privileges
2369:Urine-diverting dry
1307:"Bidets in Finland"
1203:www.mentalfloss.com
1073:Scientific American
553:are more common in
508:Christian countries
492:Christian societies
482:Indian subcontinent
2804:Groom of the Stool
2569:Interactive urinal
2523:Restroom attendant
2013:, since abandoned.
802:
612:
585:
520:Catholic countries
469:is used instead).
419:
417:or "health faucet"
407:
246:medieval Sri Lanka
80:
2908:
2907:
2528:Sanitation worker
2518:Manual scavenging
2146:Toilet seat riser
2040:978-3-906484-57-0
1806:The Straight Dope
1604:Roberto Zapperi:
1417:(12): 1536–1540.
1376:978-3-906484-57-0
1293:Roberto Zapperi:
1205:. 7 November 2009
1021:(12): 1536–1540.
964:10.1136/bmj.e8287
913:Natural materials
830:COVID-19 pandemic
806:Western countries
719:
718:
711:
693:
604:southern European
549:countries, while
371:Greco-Roman world
242:
241:
234:
160:François Rabelais
2933:
2895:World Toilet Day
2890:Waste management
2880:Sewage treatment
2767:Historical terms
2746:Toilets in Japan
2428:Incontinence pad
2418:Bathroom reading
2180:Toilet rim block
2168:Holder/dispenser
2131:Electronic bidet
2075:
2068:
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1915:One Green Planet
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1076:(1 March 2013).
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942:
917:Stones, leaves,
714:
707:
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694:
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651:
627:
619:
571:Toilets in Japan
425:Muslim societies
351:developing world
299:Eastern Orthodox
237:
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186:
178:
125:
74:(710 to 784) in
2941:
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2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2828:
2762:
2674:
2665:Open defecation
2628:
2624:Urine diversion
2619:Urine deflector
2547:
2538:Toilet training
2506:
2492:Toilet Twinning
2395:
2389:
2340:(self-cleaning)
2303:Passenger train
2236:Container-based
2189:
2084:
2079:
2049:
2048:
2041:
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2017:
2009:
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1864:. 24 April 2019
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2469:Skibidi Toilet
2460:
2455:
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2445:
2440:
2435:
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2396:policy aspects
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2197:
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2182:
2177:
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2175:
2170:
2160:
2158:Toilet cleaner
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2055:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2025:"Septic tanks"
2015:
1992:
1972:
1946:
1920:
1901:
1875:
1845:
1819:
1791:
1764:(3): 215–220.
1744:
1718:
1704:
1675:
1644:
1630:
1610:
1597:
1594:. 8 July 2014.
1583:
1571:
1556:
1535:
1529:978-8866490395
1528:
1507:
1497:
1479:
1472:
1454:
1397:
1382:
1375:
1361:"Septic tanks"
1351:
1330:
1310:
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1286:
1279:
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1233:
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1190:
1181:
1167:
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1134:978-0262195935
1133:
1113:
1087:
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994:
929:
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923:
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911:
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902:
877:
874:
872:
869:
787:Main article:
784:
781:
779:
776:
761:health faucets
749:in Indonesia,
717:
716:
658:"Anal hygiene"
631:
629:
622:
616:
615:Southeast Asia
613:
608:South American
569:Main article:
566:
563:
547:South American
493:
490:
426:
423:
402:Top view of a
395:
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346:
343:
290:
287:
285:
284:Common methods
282:
240:
239:
190:
188:
181:
175:
172:
164:Joseph Gayetty
110:ancient Romans
89:ancient Greeks
84:
81:
57:
54:
26:anal cleansing
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2865:Public health
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2736:Toilet (room)
2734:
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2660:Flying toilet
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2559:Female urinal
2557:
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2526:
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2500:
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2497:Unisex public
2495:
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2488:
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2463:Toilet humour
2461:
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2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2185:Trap (U-bend)
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
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2139:
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2057:
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2042:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2006:
2002:
2001:US 2005244480
1996:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1976:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1890:
1886:
1879:
1863:
1862:
1856:
1855:"Hemorrhoids"
1849:
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1823:
1808:
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1802:
1795:
1787:
1783:
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1733:. 19 May 2020
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1498:9780721625973
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1473:9780721625973
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1252:9780721625973
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1168:9780431112985
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922:
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901:
899:
893:
891:
890:polypropylene
887:
883:
868:
865:
863:
858:
856:
851:
848:
846:
845:flush toilets
842:
841:Sears Roebuck
838:
837:North America
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
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807:
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713:
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670:
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663:
660: –
659:
655:
654:Find sources:
648:
644:
638:
637:
632:This article
630:
626:
621:
620:
609:
605:
601:
596:
592:
590:
582:
577:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:bidet showers
548:
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540:
536:
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
499:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
474:health faucet
470:
468:
464:
463:Squat toilets
460:
458:
453:
449:
444:
442:
436:
432:
422:
416:
411:
405:
400:
386:
382:
380:
379:ancient Japan
376:
375:ancient China
372:
368:
364:
363:public health
360:
356:
355:camping trips
352:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
281:
279:
275:
271:
270:Pali language
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
236:
233:
225:
222:November 2023
215:
211:
207:
201:
200:
196:
191:This section
189:
185:
180:
179:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
156:ancient China
152:
150:
146:
145:
140:
139:ancient Japan
135:
133:
129:
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117:
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111:
106:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
77:
73:
69:
68:
62:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2819:Privy midden
2640:Anal hygiene
2639:
2533:Slopping out
2502:Vacuum truck
2477:Toilet plume
2467:
2408:Adult diaper
2394:Cultural and
2278:Incinerating
2163:Toilet paper
2111:Bidet shower
2029:
2018:
1995:
1984:
1975:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1937:. Retrieved
1935:. 8 May 2018
1932:
1923:
1914:
1904:
1892:. Retrieved
1889:Men's Health
1888:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1859:
1848:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1804:
1794:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1735:. Retrieved
1730:
1721:
1707:
1695:. Retrieved
1691:
1666:. Retrieved
1657:
1647:
1635:. Retrieved
1620:
1613:
1605:
1600:
1586:
1574:
1566:
1538:
1519:
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1391:
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1320:
1313:
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1270:
1264:
1256:
1242:
1236:
1224:
1219:
1207:. Retrieved
1202:
1193:
1184:
1172:. Retrieved
1157:
1150:
1138:. Retrieved
1123:
1116:
1104:. Retrieved
1100:
1090:
1071:
1061:
1018:
1014:
954:
950:
916:
907:
894:
879:
866:
859:
852:
849:
834:
826:panic buying
810:toilet paper
803:
799:toilet paper
789:Toilet paper
778:Toilet paper
772:bidet shower
765:
756:
750:
746:
720:
705:
696:
686:
679:
672:
665:
653:
641:Please help
636:verification
633:
586:
524:
504:use of water
501:
478:Muslim world
471:
467:bidet shower
455:
445:
438:
420:
415:bidet shower
383:
348:
327:bidet shower
292:
250:Anuradhapura
243:
228:
219:
204:Please help
192:
153:
142:
136:
127:
124:xylospongium
113:
107:
96:
86:
65:
32:to maintain
25:
22:Anal hygiene
21:
20:
18:
2814:Pail closet
2799:Gong farmer
2784:Close stool
2779:Chamber pot
2726:Shit Museum
2379:Vermifilter
2283:Intelligent
2173:Orientation
2136:Flushometer
1668:10 November
1658:Interaksyon
1543:(in French)
1174:9 September
1140:9 September
1101:JSTOR Daily
855:hemorrhoids
727:Philippines
276:himself in
258:Polonnaruwa
149:shit sticks
95:, known as
72:Nara period
2921:Defecation
2915:Categories
2875:Sanitation
2824:Reredorter
2809:Night soil
2645:Defecation
2458:Toilet god
2443:Latrinalia
2403:Accessible
2359:Telescopic
2274:(Scouting)
2246:Dual flush
2231:Composting
1692:Yahoo News
1331:9188714985
925:References
797:A roll of
743:East Timor
669:newspapers
429:See also:
315:Protestant
174:Facilities
38:defecation
2794:Garderobe
2721:Rest area
2686:Haewoojae
2670:Scatology
2609:Urination
2589:Sanistand
2543:Toileting
2338:Sanisette
2293:Low-flush
2089:Equipment
1965:15 August
1939:15 August
1868:3 January
1838:29 August
1812:29 August
1786:219000146
1778:1475-3634
1737:3 January
1697:15 August
1449:205392366
1433:1365-3156
1340:cite book
1209:3 January
1106:3 January
1053:205392366
1037:1365-3156
973:1756-1833
957:: e8287.
919:corn cobs
904:Pre-wipes
886:polyester
882:wet wipes
723:Indonesia
610:countries
598:A modern
565:East Asia
545:and many
480:. In the
278:Tripitaka
262:Mihintale
193:does not
128:tersorium
115:tersorium
83:Materials
70:from the
42:pathogens
2833:See also
2774:Aphedron
2711:Outhouse
2579:Pee curl
2323:Portable
2298:On-board
2261:Freezing
2226:Chemical
2206:Arborloo
2201:Aircraft
2096:Ballcock
1960:BBC News
1933:BBC News
1662:Archived
1637:11 March
1549:Archived
1441:21906214
1045:21906214
989:43471110
981:23247990
898:gel wipe
739:Malaysia
731:Thailand
699:May 2020
531:Americas
529:and the
506:in many
367:diarrhea
359:corncobs
307:Buddhist
295:Catholic
266:Buddhism
254:Ritigala
132:bacteria
46:buttocks
2789:Dansker
2574:Pissoir
2438:Istinja
2384:Washlet
2364:Treebog
2288:Latrine
2251:EToilet
2221:Cathole
2126:Commode
2121:Cistern
2082:Toilets
1894:27 July
862:urethra
768:Vietnam
683:scholar
589:Washlet
555:Finland
539:Western
459:musluğu
457:taharet
452:Western
435:Istinja
335:aftabeh
319:Finland
311:Islamic
289:Washing
214:removed
199:sources
112:used a
93:ceramic
56:History
34:hygiene
2679:Places
2594:Urinal
2584:Pollee
2374:Vacuum
2333:Public
2268:(boat)
2216:Bucket
2153:Toilet
2101:Bedpan
2037:
2010:
1986:Forbes
1784:
1776:
1628:
1526:
1495:
1470:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1373:
1328:
1277:
1249:
1165:
1131:
1051:
1043:
1035:
987:
979:
971:
818:shower
747:gayung
741:, and
735:Brunei
725:, the
685:
678:
671:
664:
656:
559:Greece
535:bidets
527:Europe
450:, all
448:Turkey
345:Wiping
333:or an
274:Buddha
144:chuugi
103:πεσσοί
98:pessoi
2354:Squat
2349:Space
2328:Potty
2256:Flush
2211:Blair
2194:Types
2116:Brush
2106:Bidet
1782:S2CID
1518:[
1445:S2CID
1049:S2CID
985:S2CID
814:bathe
690:JSTOR
676:books
600:bidet
581:bidet
516:bidet
498:Bidet
404:bidet
394:Water
325:or a
323:bidet
309:, or
303:Hindu
120:Greek
76:Japan
67:chūgi
50:bidet
2926:Anus
2344:Sink
2272:Hudo
2266:Head
2141:Seat
2035:ISBN
1967:2019
1941:2019
1896:2019
1870:2021
1840:2010
1814:2010
1774:ISSN
1739:2021
1699:2019
1670:2018
1639:2020
1626:ISBN
1524:ISBN
1493:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1437:PMID
1429:ISSN
1371:ISBN
1346:link
1326:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1247:ISBN
1211:2021
1176:2014
1163:ISBN
1142:2014
1129:ISBN
1108:2021
1041:PMID
1033:ISSN
977:PMID
969:ISSN
752:tabo
662:news
606:and
557:and
541:and
533:use
502:The
486:lota
484:, a
433:and
377:and
331:lota
197:any
195:cite
108:The
87:The
30:anus
2318:Pit
2313:Pig
2308:Pay
2241:Dry
1833:CNN
1766:doi
1419:doi
1078:doi
1023:doi
959:doi
955:345
951:BMJ
888:or
816:or
766:In
757:ขัน
729:,
645:by
446:In
373:to
208:by
137:In
24:or
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