338:
1252:. However, individual males, especially the Siamese fighting fish and paradise fish, are territorial towards each other. Male Siamese fighting fish cannot be kept together under any circumstances, as they have been bred for aggression and will fight to the death. In many breeding pairs, the male and female cannot be kept together for long periods of time. Males may perceive males of other species as competition if they have long and bright fins and attack them, as well. For other species of anabantoids, a large aquarium with only one male per tank is ideal to prevent aggression.
127:
393:
1144:
1209:
102:
430:
Labyrinth fish are well known for their bubble-nesting behavior, although some species do not build bubble nests and employ other methods of brooding. For the bubble nesting species, males establish nesting territories and defend them vigorously. As the name suggests, the bubble nests are floating
383:
The characteristics of the fish habitats are indicators of the size of the labyrinth organ, as the organ size is negatively correlated with the level of oxygen in the waters. Species native to low-oxygen waters are more likely to have larger and more complex labyrinth organs than species found in
380:, especially but not exclusively in the warm, slow-flowing, low-oxygen waters. In Africa, significantly smaller numbers of labyrinth fish can be found in the southern half of the continent, with concentrations in the rainforest waters.
351:
Labyrinth fish are not born with functional labyrinth organs. The development of the organ is gradual; most labyrinth fish initially breathe entirely with their gills, and develop the labyrinth organs as they grow older.
416:
that eat small aquatic organisms and carrion. Some species will also consume algae and water plants. Most fish are active during daytime, but several
African species feed at twilight and night. Species of the genus
1244:, are commercially bred for the trade, and several color morphs are commonly available. Because of their capability to use atmospheric oxygen, these fish generally are not so dependent on a form of
431:
bubbles coated with oral mucus from the males. Typically, the male bubble nesters stay nearby to guard the nests and constantly retrieve any falling eggs and fry to the nest. Some
441:
and do not build bubble nests. In these species, males hold the eggs and fry in their mouths and release the free-swimming fry about a week to 10 days after spawning.
1248:
in their tanks, as they can rise to the surface of the water and take a breath, or breathing apparatus. Many of the labyrinth fish are peaceful and do well in most
1424:
1167:
extensively in
Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, and was intentionally introduced in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. During the
334:. As a result, labyrinth fish can survive for a short period of time out of water, as they can inhale the air around them, provided they stay moist.
1576:
1175:
failed, the giant gourami became well established in other French colonies. In the late 1880s, attempts to introduce the giant gourami to
1449:
1363:
1171:, the French attempted to introduce this fish to many of their territories. Although an attempt to introduce a population in southern
1563:
1287:
1568:
1283:
1648:
1421:
1350:
1615:
1163:, in particular, is highly valued as food fish, due to its size and tender flesh with few spines. This species is
1581:
1653:
1232:
also has a long aquarium history and was one of the first aquarium fish introduced to the West. Many species of
271:-like labyrinth organ, which enables them to breathe air. The fish in the Anabantoidei suborder are known as
303:
The labyrinth organs, a defining characteristic of fish in the suborder
Anabantoidei, is a much-folded supra
1200:, are local food fish in Southeast Asia. In some areas, the fish are processed into salted and dried food.
1179:
waters as food fish were unsuccessful. In the 1950s, a giant gourami population was established in Hawaii.
1390:"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Diversification of Labyrinth Fishes (Perciformes: Anabantoidei)"
1550:
126:
1620:
316:
214:
1468:
1309:
1367:
1607:
1528:
1490:
326:
directly from the air, instead of taking it from the water in which they reside through use of
226:
1446:
1643:
1602:
1225:
1213:
397:
288:
1594:
1537:
8:
1272:. Illinois biological monographs. Vol. 30. Urbana,University of Illinois Press,1963.
337:
423:
can spit water toward insects to bring them down to the water surface, similarly to the
1237:
1183:
343:
238:
121:
1589:
1542:
1346:
1307:
1191:
816:
1555:
1401:
992:
304:
1453:
1428:
1187:
1159:
Several labyrinth fish are important food sources in their native countries. The
720:
308:
258:
1270:
The comparative osteology and phylogeny of the
Anabantoidei (Teleostei, Pisces)
1249:
1051:
905:
663:
598:
550:
373:
255:
221:
178:
168:
1406:
1389:
1637:
1513:
1241:
1229:
1220:, originally bred for staged fights, has become popular in the aquarium trade
1160:
1148:
766:
749:
648:
636:
292:
287:). Some labyrinth fish are important food fish, and many others, such as the
284:
233:
109:
59:
452:
of families and genera in
Anabatoidei based on mitochondrial DNA sequences:
1196:
1164:
882:
438:
419:
312:
1522:
1168:
865:
680:
470:
405:
331:
209:
34:
392:
1308:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1176:
975:
951:
920:
424:
377:
330:. The labyrinth organ helps the inhaled oxygen to be absorbed into the
315:
expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch and used for
261:
79:
44:
1345:
Pinter, H. (1986). Labyrinth Fish. Barron's
Educational Series, Inc.,
1228:
is perhaps the most popular labyrinth fish in the aquarium trade. The
613:
533:
449:
413:
369:
138:
84:
1484:
1143:
1507:
1387:
1245:
697:
509:
193:
158:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
1208:
1233:
799:
89:
64:
1457:. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
1172:
485:
365:
323:
148:
101:
1034:
433:
327:
361:
268:
264:
1422:
Diseases of Giant
Gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepede)
1155:, is often raised in floating cages in central Thailand.
1433:
The
Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute Newsletter
1388:Rüber, L.; R.Britz; R. Zardoya; P. Linder (2006).
1635:
1203:
437:species from fast-flowing waters, however, are
1466:
360:Labyrinth fish are endemic to fresh waters of
1267:
322:This organ allows labyrinth fish to take in
1361:
1138:
283:(which more precisely refers to the family
1182:Other smaller labyrinth fish, such as the
100:
1405:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1207:
1142:
391:
336:
1288:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
341:Labyrinth organ of a climbing perch (
267:distinguished by their possession of a
1636:
1489:
1488:
1324:
1310:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
368:. In Asia, they are found throughout
1301:
1276:
1261:
1194:, and other gouramies of the genus
412:In general, the labyrinth fish are
13:
384:fast-flowing, oxygen-rich waters.
298:
14:
1665:
295:, are popular as aquarium fish.
125:
32:
1460:
1438:
1414:
1381:
1364:"A look inside the bubblenest"
1355:
1:
1467:Froese, R.; D. Pauly (eds.).
1420:Chanphong, Jitkasem. (1995).
1255:
1204:Anabantoids as aquarium fish
444:
7:
1469:"Trichogaster trichopterus"
387:
10:
1670:
1649:Ray-finned fish suborders
1497:
1407:10.1080/10635150500541664
1048:
1031:
1024:
989:
972:
965:
948:
941:
934:
917:
910:
879:
862:
855:
848:
813:
796:
789:
763:
746:
739:
732:
725:
694:
677:
660:
653:
641:
610:
603:
591:
547:
530:
523:
506:
499:
482:
475:
463:
206:
201:
122:Scientific classification
120:
108:
99:
23:
1427:January 6, 2007, at the
1139:Anabantoids as food fish
355:
1654:Taxa named by Lev Berg
1268:Karel F. Liem (1963).
1221:
1156:
409:
348:
1603:Paleobiology Database
1226:Siamese fighting fish
1214:Siamese fighting fish
1211:
1146:
398:Siamese fighting fish
395:
340:
289:Siamese fighting fish
279:, or colloquially as
212:(climbing gouramies)
1362:Parnell, V. (2006).
224:(kissing gouramies)
114:Trichogaster lalius
1452:2009-05-11 at the
1447:Osphronemus gorami
1394:Systematic Biology
1238:three spot gourami
1222:
1157:
1153:Osphronemus goramy
410:
349:
344:Anabas testudineus
311:. It is formed by
254:are a suborder of
16:Suborder of fishes
1631:
1630:
1590:Open Tree of Life
1491:Taxon identifiers
1444:Nico, L. (2006).
1236:, particular the
1192:snakeskin gourami
1135:
1134:
1126:
1125:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1062:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1003:
894:
893:
837:
836:
828:
827:
817:Parasphaerichthys
778:
777:
709:
708:
625:
624:
580:
579:
571:
570:
562:
561:
248:
247:
242:
230:
218:
197:
1661:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1571:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1545:
1533:
1532:
1531:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1464:
1458:
1442:
1436:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1366:. Archived from
1359:
1353:
1343:
1322:
1321:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1027:
1026:
993:Pseudosphromenus
968:
967:
944:
943:
937:
936:
913:
912:
858:
857:
851:
850:
792:
791:
742:
741:
735:
734:
728:
727:
656:
655:
644:
643:
606:
605:
594:
593:
526:
525:
502:
501:
478:
477:
466:
465:
456:
455:
404:, is building a
237:
225:
213:
192:
130:
129:
104:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1575:
1567:
1562:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1536:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1493:
1483:
1474:
1472:
1465:
1461:
1454:Wayback Machine
1443:
1439:
1429:Wayback Machine
1419:
1415:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1360:
1356:
1344:
1325:
1306:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:community tanks
1218:Betta splendens
1206:
1188:kissing gourami
1169:colonial period
1141:
1136:
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1014:
1005:
895:
838:
829:
779:
721:Luciocephalinae
710:
626:
581:
572:
563:
447:
402:Betta splendens
390:
358:
309:breathing organ
301:
299:Labyrinth organ
191:
124:
95:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1547:
1534:
1519:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1459:
1437:
1413:
1400:(3): 374–397.
1380:
1354:
1323:
1300:
1284:"Anabantoidei"
1275:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1205:
1202:
1184:climbing perch
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:Parosphromenus
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
997:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
971:
966:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
947:
942:
940:
935:
933:
930:
929:
926:
925:
916:
911:
909:
906:Macropodusinae
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
888:
887:
878:
875:
874:
871:
870:
861:
856:
854:
849:
847:
844:
843:
840:
839:
835:
834:
831:
830:
826:
825:
822:
821:
812:
809:
808:
805:
804:
795:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
780:
776:
775:
772:
771:
762:
759:
758:
755:
754:
745:
740:
738:
733:
731:
726:
724:
716:
715:
712:
711:
707:
706:
703:
702:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
676:
673:
672:
669:
668:
664:Ombilinichthys
659:
654:
652:
642:
640:
632:
631:
628:
627:
623:
622:
619:
618:
609:
604:
602:
599:Helostomatidae
592:
590:
587:
586:
583:
582:
578:
577:
574:
573:
569:
568:
565:
564:
560:
559:
556:
555:
551:Microctenopoma
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
529:
524:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
505:
500:
498:
495:
494:
491:
490:
481:
476:
474:
464:
462:
454:
446:
443:
389:
386:
357:
354:
300:
297:
277:labyrinth fish
246:
245:
244:
243:
239:van der Hoeven
231:
222:Helostomatidae
219:
204:
203:
199:
198:
186:
182:
181:
179:Anabantiformes
176:
172:
171:
169:Actinopterygii
166:
162:
161:
156:
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
118:
117:
106:
105:
97:
96:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1666:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1441:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1417:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1370:on 2007-03-11
1369:
1365:
1358:
1352:
1351:0-8120-5635-3
1348:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1320:(2): 001–230.
1319:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1242:dwarf gourami
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:paradise fish
1227:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1161:giant gourami
1154:
1150:
1149:giant gourami
1145:
1131:
1130:
1122:
1121:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1103:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1000:
999:
996:
995:
994:
987:
986:
983:
982:
979:
978:
977:
970:
969:
963:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
953:
946:
945:
939:
938:
932:
931:
928:
927:
924:
923:
922:
915:
914:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
898:
890:
889:
886:
885:
884:
877:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
867:
860:
859:
853:
852:
846:
845:
842:
841:
833:
832:
824:
823:
820:
819:
818:
811:
810:
807:
806:
803:
802:
801:
794:
793:
787:
786:
783:
782:
774:
773:
770:
769:
768:
767:Sphaerichthys
761:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:
751:
750:Luciocephalus
744:
743:
737:
736:
730:
729:
723:
722:
718:
717:
714:
713:
705:
704:
701:
700:
699:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
683:
682:
675:
674:
671:
670:
667:
666:
665:
658:
657:
651:
650:
649:Osphroneminae
646:
645:
639:
638:
637:Osphronemidae
634:
633:
630:
629:
621:
620:
617:
616:
615:
608:
607:
601:
600:
596:
595:
589:
588:
585:
584:
576:
575:
567:
566:
558:
557:
554:
553:
552:
545:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
535:
528:
527:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
511:
504:
503:
497:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
487:
480:
479:
473:
472:
468:
467:
461:
458:
457:
453:
451:
442:
440:
439:mouthbrooders
436:
435:
428:
426:
422:
421:
415:
407:
403:
399:
394:
385:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
353:
346:
345:
339:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
296:
294:
293:paradise fish
290:
286:
285:Osphronemidae
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
257:
253:
240:
235:
234:Osphronemidae
232:
228:
223:
220:
216:
211:
208:
207:
205:
200:
195:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:Dwarf gourami
107:
103:
98:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
30:Eocene–Recent
22:
19:
1644:Anabantoidei
1556:Anabantoidei
1543:Anabantoidei
1529:Anabantoidei
1499:Anabantoidei
1498:
1473:. Retrieved
1462:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1416:
1397:
1393:
1383:
1372:. Retrieved
1368:the original
1357:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1291:. Retrieved
1278:
1269:
1263:
1223:
1217:
1197:Trichogaster
1195:
1181:
1158:
1152:
1050:
1049:
1033:
1032:
991:
990:
974:
973:
950:
949:
919:
918:
904:
883:Trichogaster
881:
880:
864:
863:
815:
814:
798:
797:
765:
764:
748:
747:
719:
696:
695:
679:
678:
662:
661:
647:
635:
612:
611:
597:
549:
548:
532:
531:
508:
507:
484:
483:
469:
460:Anabantoidei
459:
448:
432:
429:
420:Trichogaster
418:
411:
401:
382:
359:
350:
342:
321:
313:vascularized
302:
280:
276:
272:
256:anabantiform
252:Anabantoidei
251:
249:
236:(gouramies)
189:Anabantoidei
188:
113:
24:Anabantoidei
18:
1523:Wikispecies
866:Trichopodus
681:Osphronemus
471:Anabantidae
406:bubble nest
332:bloodstream
317:respiration
273:anabantoids
210:Anabantidae
1638:Categories
1475:2006-12-23
1471:. FishBase
1374:2006-12-23
1256:References
1177:California
976:Malpulutta
952:Macropodus
921:Trichopsis
427:behavior.
425:archerfish
414:carnivores
378:South Asia
307:accessory
262:freshwater
259:ray-finned
185:Suborder:
1234:gouramies
614:Helostoma
534:Ctenopoma
450:Phylogeny
445:Phylogeny
374:Southeast
305:branchial
281:gouramies
215:Bonaparte
202:Families
145:Kingdom:
139:Eukaryota
1508:Wikidata
1450:Archived
1425:Archived
1246:aeration
1240:and the
698:Belontia
510:Sandelia
388:Behavior
319:in air.
159:Chordata
155:Phylum:
149:Animalia
135:Domain:
1514:Q698225
1314:Zootaxa
1293:30 June
800:Ctenops
396:A male
175:Order:
165:Class:
1621:151750
1608:266132
1595:956323
1569:172582
1349:
1190:, the
1186:, the
1173:France
1165:farmed
486:Anabas
376:, and
366:Africa
324:oxygen
241:, 1832
229:, 1872
217:, 1831
196:, 1940
1616:WoRMS
1582:50370
1435:4(1).
1035:Betta
434:Betta
356:Range
328:gills
1577:NCBI
1564:ITIS
1347:ISBN
1318:3882
1295:2006
1224:The
1212:The
1147:The
370:East
364:and
362:Asia
291:and
269:lung
265:fish
250:The
227:Gill
194:Berg
35:PreꞒ
1551:AFD
1538:ADW
1402:doi
275:or
1640::
1618::
1605::
1592::
1579::
1566::
1553::
1540::
1525::
1510::
1431:.
1398:55
1396:.
1392:.
1326:^
1316:.
1312:.
1286:.
1216:,
1151:,
400:,
372:,
347:)
116:)
85:Pg
1478:.
1410:.
1404::
1377:.
1297:.
408:.
112:(
90:N
80:K
75:J
70:T
65:P
60:C
55:D
50:S
45:O
40:Ꞓ
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