349:
1263:. However, individual males, especially the Siamese fighting fish and paradise fish, are territorial towards each other. Male Siamese fighting fish cannot be kept together under any circumstances, as they have been bred for aggression and will fight to the death. In many breeding pairs, the male and female cannot be kept together for long periods of time. Males may perceive males of other species as competition if they have long and bright fins and attack them, as well. For other species of anabantoids, a large aquarium with only one male per tank is ideal to prevent aggression.
138:
404:
1155:
1220:
113:
441:
Labyrinth fish are well known for their bubble-nesting behavior, although some species do not build bubble nests and employ other methods of brooding. For the bubble nesting species, males establish nesting territories and defend them vigorously. As the name suggests, the bubble nests are floating
394:
The characteristics of the fish habitats are indicators of the size of the labyrinth organ, as the organ size is negatively correlated with the level of oxygen in the waters. Species native to low-oxygen waters are more likely to have larger and more complex labyrinth organs than species found in
391:, especially but not exclusively in the warm, slow-flowing, low-oxygen waters. In Africa, significantly smaller numbers of labyrinth fish can be found in the southern half of the continent, with concentrations in the rainforest waters.
362:
Labyrinth fish are not born with functional labyrinth organs. The development of the organ is gradual; most labyrinth fish initially breathe entirely with their gills, and develop the labyrinth organs as they grow older.
427:
that eat small aquatic organisms and carrion. Some species will also consume algae and water plants. Most fish are active during daytime, but several
African species feed at twilight and night. Species of the genus
1255:, are commercially bred for the trade, and several color morphs are commonly available. Because of their capability to use atmospheric oxygen, these fish generally are not so dependent on a form of
442:
bubbles coated with oral mucus from the males. Typically, the male bubble nesters stay nearby to guard the nests and constantly retrieve any falling eggs and fry to the nest. Some
452:
and do not build bubble nests. In these species, males hold the eggs and fry in their mouths and release the free-swimming fry about a week to 10 days after spawning.
1259:
in their tanks, as they can rise to the surface of the water and take a breath, or breathing apparatus. Many of the labyrinth fish are peaceful and do well in most
1435:
1178:
extensively in
Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries, and was intentionally introduced in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. During the
345:. As a result, labyrinth fish can survive for a short period of time out of water, as they can inhale the air around them, provided they stay moist.
1587:
1186:
failed, the giant gourami became well established in other French colonies. In the late 1880s, attempts to introduce the giant gourami to
1460:
1374:
1182:, the French attempted to introduce this fish to many of their territories. Although an attempt to introduce a population in southern
1574:
1298:
1579:
1294:
1659:
1432:
1361:
1626:
1174:, in particular, is highly valued as food fish, due to its size and tender flesh with few spines. This species is
1592:
1664:
1243:
also has a long aquarium history and was one of the first aquarium fish introduced to the West. Many species of
282:-like labyrinth organ, which enables them to breathe air. The fish in the Anabantoidei suborder are known as
314:
The labyrinth organs, a defining characteristic of fish in the suborder
Anabantoidei, is a much-folded supra
1211:, are local food fish in Southeast Asia. In some areas, the fish are processed into salted and dried food.
1190:
waters as food fish were unsuccessful. In the 1950s, a giant gourami population was established in Hawaii.
1401:"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolutionary Diversification of Labyrinth Fishes (Perciformes: Anabantoidei)"
1561:
137:
17:
1631:
327:
225:
1479:
1320:
1378:
1618:
1539:
1501:
337:
directly from the air, instead of taking it from the water in which they reside through use of
237:
1457:
1654:
1613:
1236:
1224:
408:
299:
1605:
1548:
8:
1283:. Illinois biological monographs. Vol. 30. Urbana,University of Illinois Press,1963.
348:
434:
can spit water toward insects to bring them down to the water surface, similarly to the
1248:
1194:
354:
249:
132:
1600:
1553:
1357:
1318:
1202:
827:
1566:
1412:
1003:
315:
1464:
1439:
1198:
1170:
Several labyrinth fish are important food sources in their native countries. The
731:
319:
269:
1281:
The comparative osteology and phylogeny of the
Anabantoidei (Teleostei, Pisces)
1260:
1062:
916:
674:
609:
561:
384:
266:
232:
189:
179:
1417:
1400:
1648:
1524:
1252:
1240:
1231:, originally bred for staged fights, has become popular in the aquarium trade
1171:
1159:
777:
760:
659:
647:
303:
298:). Some labyrinth fish are important food fish, and many others, such as the
295:
244:
120:
70:
463:
of families and genera in
Anabatoidei based on mitochondrial DNA sequences:
1207:
1175:
893:
449:
430:
323:
1533:
1179:
876:
691:
481:
416:
342:
220:
45:
403:
1319:
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
1187:
986:
962:
931:
435:
388:
341:. The labyrinth organ helps the inhaled oxygen to be absorbed into the
326:
expansion of the epibranchial bone of the first gill arch and used for
272:
90:
55:
1356:
Pinter, H. (1986). Labyrinth Fish. Barron's
Educational Series, Inc.,
1239:
is perhaps the most popular labyrinth fish in the aquarium trade. The
624:
544:
460:
424:
380:
149:
95:
1495:
1154:
1518:
1398:
1256:
708:
520:
204:
169:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
1219:
1244:
810:
100:
75:
1468:. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
1183:
496:
376:
334:
159:
112:
1045:
444:
338:
372:
279:
275:
1433:
Diseases of Giant
Gourami, Osphronemus goramy (Lacepede)
1166:, is often raised in floating cages in central Thailand.
1444:
The
Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute Newsletter
1399:Rüber, L.; R.Britz; R. Zardoya; P. Linder (2006).
1646:
1214:
448:species from fast-flowing waters, however, are
1477:
371:Labyrinth fish are endemic to fresh waters of
1278:
333:This organ allows labyrinth fish to take in
1372:
1149:
294:(which more precisely refers to the family
1193:Other smaller labyrinth fish, such as the
111:
1416:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1218:
1153:
402:
347:
1299:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
352:Labyrinth organ of a climbing perch (
278:distinguished by their possession of a
14:
1647:
1500:
1499:
1335:
1321:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
379:. In Asia, they are found throughout
1312:
1287:
1272:
1205:, and other gouramies of the genus
423:In general, the labyrinth fish are
24:
395:fast-flowing, oxygen-rich waters.
309:
25:
1676:
306:, are popular as aquarium fish.
136:
43:
1471:
1449:
1425:
1392:
1375:"A look inside the bubblenest"
1366:
13:
1:
1478:Froese, R.; D. Pauly (eds.).
1431:Chanphong, Jitkasem. (1995).
1266:
1215:Anabantoids as aquarium fish
455:
7:
1480:"Trichogaster trichopterus"
398:
10:
1681:
1660:Ray-finned fish suborders
1508:
1418:10.1080/10635150500541664
1059:
1042:
1035:
1000:
983:
976:
959:
952:
945:
928:
921:
890:
873:
866:
859:
824:
807:
800:
774:
757:
750:
743:
736:
705:
688:
671:
664:
652:
621:
614:
602:
558:
541:
534:
517:
510:
493:
486:
474:
217:
212:
133:Scientific classification
131:
119:
110:
34:
1438:January 6, 2007, at the
1150:Anabantoids as food fish
366:
1665:Taxa named by Lev Berg
1279:Karel F. Liem (1963).
1232:
1167:
420:
359:
1614:Paleobiology Database
1237:Siamese fighting fish
1225:Siamese fighting fish
1222:
1157:
409:Siamese fighting fish
406:
351:
300:Siamese fighting fish
290:, or colloquially as
223:(climbing gouramies)
1373:Parnell, V. (2006).
235:(kissing gouramies)
125:Trichogaster lalius
1463:2009-05-11 at the
1458:Osphronemus gorami
1405:Systematic Biology
1249:three spot gourami
1233:
1168:
1164:Osphronemus goramy
421:
360:
355:Anabas testudineus
322:. It is formed by
265:are a suborder of
27:Suborder of fishes
1642:
1641:
1601:Open Tree of Life
1502:Taxon identifiers
1455:Nico, L. (2006).
1247:, particular the
1203:snakeskin gourami
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1100:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
905:
904:
848:
847:
839:
838:
828:Parasphaerichthys
789:
788:
720:
719:
636:
635:
591:
590:
582:
581:
573:
572:
259:
258:
253:
241:
229:
208:
16:(Redirected from
1672:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1609:
1608:
1596:
1595:
1583:
1582:
1570:
1569:
1557:
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1544:
1543:
1542:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1497:
1496:
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1475:
1469:
1453:
1447:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1386:
1377:. Archived from
1370:
1364:
1354:
1333:
1332:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1038:
1037:
1004:Pseudosphromenus
979:
978:
955:
954:
948:
947:
924:
923:
869:
868:
862:
861:
803:
802:
753:
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746:
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739:
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655:
654:
617:
616:
605:
604:
537:
536:
513:
512:
489:
488:
477:
476:
467:
466:
415:, is building a
248:
236:
224:
203:
141:
140:
115:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1645:
1644:
1643:
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1617:
1612:
1604:
1599:
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1578:
1573:
1565:
1560:
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1547:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1504:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1472:
1465:Wayback Machine
1454:
1450:
1440:Wayback Machine
1430:
1426:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1382:
1371:
1367:
1355:
1336:
1317:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1261:community tanks
1229:Betta splendens
1217:
1199:kissing gourami
1180:colonial period
1152:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1025:
1016:
906:
849:
840:
790:
732:Luciocephalinae
721:
637:
592:
583:
574:
458:
413:Betta splendens
401:
369:
320:breathing organ
312:
310:Labyrinth organ
202:
135:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1678:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1545:
1530:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1493:
1492:
1470:
1448:
1424:
1411:(3): 374–397.
1391:
1365:
1334:
1311:
1295:"Anabantoidei"
1286:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1216:
1213:
1195:climbing perch
1151:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:Parosphromenus
1058:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
999:
996:
995:
992:
991:
982:
977:
975:
972:
971:
968:
967:
958:
953:
951:
946:
944:
941:
940:
937:
936:
927:
922:
920:
917:Macropodusinae
912:
911:
908:
907:
903:
902:
899:
898:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
872:
867:
865:
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854:
851:
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846:
845:
842:
841:
837:
836:
833:
832:
823:
820:
819:
816:
815:
806:
801:
799:
796:
795:
792:
791:
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783:
782:
773:
770:
769:
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756:
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749:
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742:
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723:
722:
718:
717:
714:
713:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
675:Ombilinichthys
670:
665:
663:
653:
651:
643:
642:
639:
638:
634:
633:
630:
629:
620:
615:
613:
610:Helostomatidae
603:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
585:
584:
580:
579:
576:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
562:Microctenopoma
557:
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553:
550:
549:
540:
535:
533:
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529:
526:
525:
516:
511:
509:
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501:
492:
487:
485:
475:
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465:
457:
454:
400:
397:
368:
365:
311:
308:
288:labyrinth fish
257:
256:
255:
254:
250:van der Hoeven
242:
233:Helostomatidae
230:
215:
214:
210:
209:
197:
193:
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190:Anabantiformes
187:
183:
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180:Actinopterygii
177:
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26:
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2:
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1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1503:
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1459:
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1434:
1428:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1395:
1381:on 2007-03-11
1380:
1376:
1369:
1363:
1362:0-8120-5635-3
1359:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1331:(2): 001–230.
1330:
1326:
1322:
1315:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:dwarf gourami
1250:
1246:
1242:
1241:paradise fish
1238:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1172:giant gourami
1165:
1161:
1160:giant gourami
1156:
1142:
1141:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
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1005:
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988:
981:
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966:
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949:
943:
942:
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934:
933:
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919:
918:
914:
913:
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909:
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895:
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864:
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843:
835:
834:
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830:
829:
822:
821:
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817:
814:
813:
812:
805:
804:
798:
797:
794:
793:
785:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:Sphaerichthys
772:
771:
768:
767:
764:
763:
762:
761:Luciocephalus
755:
754:
748:
747:
741:
740:
734:
733:
729:
728:
725:
724:
716:
715:
712:
711:
710:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
693:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
676:
669:
668:
662:
661:
660:Osphroneminae
657:
656:
650:
649:
648:Osphronemidae
645:
644:
641:
640:
632:
631:
628:
627:
626:
619:
618:
612:
611:
607:
606:
600:
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577:
569:
568:
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556:
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551:
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546:
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532:
531:
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527:
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523:
522:
515:
514:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
499:
498:
491:
490:
484:
483:
479:
478:
472:
469:
468:
464:
462:
453:
451:
450:mouthbrooders
447:
446:
439:
437:
433:
432:
426:
418:
414:
410:
405:
396:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
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364:
357:
356:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
307:
305:
304:paradise fish
301:
297:
296:Osphronemidae
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
274:
271:
268:
264:
251:
246:
245:Osphronemidae
243:
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122:
121:Dwarf gourami
118:
114:
109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:Eocene–Recent
33:
30:
19:
1655:Anabantoidei
1567:Anabantoidei
1554:Anabantoidei
1540:Anabantoidei
1510:Anabantoidei
1509:
1484:. Retrieved
1473:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1427:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1383:. Retrieved
1379:the original
1368:
1328:
1324:
1314:
1302:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1274:
1234:
1228:
1208:Trichogaster
1206:
1192:
1169:
1163:
1061:
1060:
1044:
1043:
1002:
1001:
985:
984:
961:
960:
930:
929:
915:
894:Trichogaster
892:
891:
875:
874:
826:
825:
809:
808:
776:
775:
759:
758:
730:
707:
706:
690:
689:
673:
672:
658:
646:
623:
622:
608:
560:
559:
543:
542:
519:
518:
495:
494:
480:
471:Anabantoidei
470:
459:
443:
440:
431:Trichogaster
429:
422:
412:
393:
370:
361:
353:
332:
324:vascularized
313:
291:
287:
283:
267:anabantiform
263:Anabantoidei
262:
260:
247:(gouramies)
200:Anabantoidei
199:
124:
35:Anabantoidei
29:
1534:Wikispecies
877:Trichopodus
692:Osphronemus
482:Anabantidae
417:bubble nest
343:bloodstream
328:respiration
284:anabantoids
221:Anabantidae
1649:Categories
1486:2006-12-23
1482:. FishBase
1385:2006-12-23
1267:References
1188:California
987:Malpulutta
963:Macropodus
932:Trichopsis
438:behavior.
436:archerfish
425:carnivores
389:South Asia
318:accessory
273:freshwater
270:ray-finned
196:Suborder:
18:Anabantoid
1245:gouramies
625:Helostoma
545:Ctenopoma
461:Phylogeny
456:Phylogeny
385:Southeast
316:branchial
292:gouramies
226:Bonaparte
213:Families
156:Kingdom:
150:Eukaryota
1519:Wikidata
1461:Archived
1436:Archived
1257:aeration
1251:and the
709:Belontia
521:Sandelia
399:Behavior
330:in air.
170:Chordata
166:Phylum:
160:Animalia
146:Domain:
1525:Q698225
1325:Zootaxa
1304:30 June
811:Ctenops
407:A male
186:Order:
176:Class:
1632:151750
1619:266132
1606:956323
1580:172582
1360:
1201:, the
1197:, the
1184:France
1176:farmed
497:Anabas
387:, and
377:Africa
335:oxygen
252:, 1832
240:, 1872
228:, 1831
207:, 1940
1627:WoRMS
1593:50370
1446:4(1).
1046:Betta
445:Betta
367:Range
339:gills
1588:NCBI
1575:ITIS
1358:ISBN
1329:3882
1306:2006
1235:The
1223:The
1158:The
381:East
375:and
373:Asia
302:and
280:lung
276:fish
261:The
238:Gill
205:Berg
46:PreꞒ
1562:AFD
1549:ADW
1413:doi
286:or
1651::
1629::
1616::
1603::
1590::
1577::
1564::
1551::
1536::
1521::
1442:.
1409:55
1407:.
1403:.
1337:^
1327:.
1323:.
1297:.
1227:,
1162:,
411:,
383:,
358:)
127:)
96:Pg
1489:.
1421:.
1415::
1388:.
1308:.
419:.
123:(
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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