551:
248:
239:
230:
203:
174:
163:
119:
29:
220:
193:
151:
140:
106:
649:
693:
368:, declared war on the United States and captured American ships. The financially struggling Confederation Government couldn't afford a navy or the tribute needed for protection. Conversely, negotiations with
686:
679:
1135:
524:
37:
841:
296:
operating out of
Algiers captured 53 U.S. merchant ships and 1 brig along with 180 American sailors, 83 of whom were subsequently ransomed back by the
308:
to protect
American shipping, and was forced to sue for peace with Algiers in 1795, agreeing to pay an annual tribute of $ 21,600. The war led to the
1082:
2245:
1787:
2260:
1097:
1888:
1130:
2265:
2046:
987:
578:
2070:
1823:
1649:
497:
2146:
1584:
1218:
1150:
1140:
2255:
861:
605:
1155:
1125:
1685:
1087:
297:
622:
2028:
1993:
1976:
1120:
866:
2094:
1165:
1145:
761:
2205:
2088:
376:
in 1784 but later opted for peaceful trade. The US successfully formed a treaty with
Morocco in 1786, yet couldn't satisfy
1940:
1864:
1104:
1072:
1811:
1934:
1899:
1092:
1057:
977:
507:
2064:
1017:
952:
659:
632:
588:
561:
534:
2022:
1067:
1027:
671:
1999:
1970:
1799:
1404:
736:
2058:
1211:
1022:
2140:
2128:
2082:
2076:
2052:
2040:
1964:
1952:
1946:
1917:
1170:
1077:
340:
targeted
Christian European merchant shipping, capturing and frequently enslaving their crews as part of the
2190:
846:
1354:
2200:
2010:
1739:
1679:
962:
2240:
2152:
2034:
2005:
1923:
1769:
1614:
1604:
1599:
1052:
1047:
1042:
917:
882:
279:
1858:
1745:
1655:
1537:
1204:
912:
2134:
1894:
1835:
1715:
1697:
1691:
1609:
1594:
1185:
957:
927:
826:
2016:
1793:
1757:
1751:
1579:
1574:
1542:
1279:
365:
144:
1763:
1673:
1661:
1455:
942:
922:
856:
816:
309:
480:
461:
2250:
2100:
1882:
1709:
1160:
932:
776:
1929:
1876:
1817:
1781:
1733:
1721:
1450:
1369:
1344:
1299:
1002:
851:
771:
731:
437:
385:
8:
2185:
1012:
831:
721:
341:
329:
1289:
2122:
1905:
1249:
947:
907:
796:
791:
766:
317:
267:
263:
110:
85:
33:
2116:
1911:
1829:
1775:
1727:
1667:
1589:
1532:
1394:
897:
726:
655:
628:
584:
557:
530:
503:
397:
389:
372:
went smoothly after initial tensions. Morocco's Sultan Sidi
Muhammad had seized a US
313:
167:
61:
1870:
348:. But after the United States declared independence, British diplomats informed the
274:
that lasted from 1785 to 1795. Occurring after the U.S. became independent from the
1805:
1460:
1414:
1384:
1349:
1227:
1037:
937:
806:
786:
701:
381:
369:
301:
178:
1703:
1501:
1496:
1304:
967:
751:
741:
433:
429:
377:
333:
293:
155:
1475:
811:
801:
746:
413:
401:
349:
275:
65:
1445:
2234:
2210:
1259:
1180:
373:
337:
283:
271:
124:
1379:
499:
Captives and
Countrymen – Barbary Slavery and the American Public, 1785 1816
2215:
1841:
1440:
992:
580:
Captives and
Countrymen Barbary Slavery and the American Public, 1785–1816
282:, Algiers declared war on the United States after realizing that American
1522:
1470:
1409:
1389:
1007:
982:
972:
902:
425:
1958:
1517:
1419:
1399:
1374:
1364:
997:
836:
821:
345:
344:. Before independence, American merchant shipping was protected by the
287:
1527:
1480:
1465:
1269:
892:
781:
651:
Islamic Jihad A Legacy of Forced
Conversion, Imperialism, and Slavery
482:
Treaties and Other
International Acts of the United States of America
412:
left
American ships vulnerable, pushing the US to negotiate with the
81:
United States agrees to pay an annual tribute of $ 21,600 to Algiers
28:
1359:
1196:
1175:
1062:
1032:
756:
405:
352:
that U.S. ships were no longer under their protection and in 1785,
485:. Vol. 2. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 275, 303.
1294:
1274:
1264:
393:
353:
2195:
1424:
1254:
702:
Armed conflicts involving the Armed Forces of the United States
441:
440:, involving tribute payments. The Algiers treaty also released
428:, Joseph Donaldson, and Richard O'Brien secured treaties with
1284:
409:
1339:
305:
466:
Office of the Historian, State Department, United States
16:
1785–1795 conflict between Algiers and the United States
526:
National Security and Core Values in American History
478:
400:'s conflict with Algiers briefly safeguarded U.S.
576:
2232:
603:
115:
549:
1212:
687:
620:
304:had been disbanded in 1783, the U.S. had no
1219:
1205:
1151:History of the Central Intelligence Agency
1136:Length of U.S. participation in major wars
694:
680:
529:. Cambridge University Press. p. 31.
522:
286:was no longer under the protection of the
1788:Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands
647:
495:
392:, tried to assemble a coalition against
553:Algérie : passé,présent et devenir
2246:18th century in the Regency of Algiers
2233:
1585:Moroccan–American Treaty of Friendship
2261:Wars involving the Regency of Algiers
2174:
1631:
1563:
1321:
1238:
1200:
675:
624:Understanding the Department of State
2206:Monte della Redenzione degli Schiavi
1650:Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands
1226:
1131:Timeline of U.S. military operations
2147:Austrian expedition against Morocco
489:
356:declared war on the United States.
13:
14:
2277:
888:American–Algerian War (1785–1795)
479:David Hunter Miller, ed. (1931).
408:. In 1793, a Portuguese-Algerian
2256:Wars involving the United States
1812:Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir
246:
237:
228:
218:
201:
191:
172:
161:
149:
138:
117:
104:
27:
2266:Algeria–United States relations
1977:Battle of the Oinousses Islands
1239:
2059:Moroccan seizure of the Betsey
1322:
1166:List of anti-war organizations
641:
614:
597:
570:
556:. FeniXX réédition numérique.
543:
516:
472:
454:
1:
1918:Raid on Ceriale and Borghetto
1632:
1615:US Treaty with Morocco (1836)
1605:US Treaty with Algiers (1815)
1600:US Treaty with Tripoli (1805)
1590:US Treaty with Tripoli (1796)
1564:
1078:War against the Islamic State
627:. Bernan Press. p. 267.
502:. JHU Press. pp. 15–21.
447:
323:
2191:Slavery on the Barbary Coast
610:. C.F. Chamerot. p. 16.
419:
7:
2175:
1900:Dutch expedition to Algiers
1824:Rebellion of the Alpujarras
1740:Ottoman wintering in Toulon
1686:Capture of Peñón of Algiers
1610:US Treaty with Tunis (1824)
1595:US Treaty with Tunis (1797)
10:
2282:
2006:Action of 28 November 1751
1068:War in North-West Pakistan
918:Second Sumatran expedition
883:American Revolutionary War
654:. iUniverse. p. 342.
577:Lawrence A.Peskin (2009).
280:American Revolutionary War
266:which existed between the
252:53 merchant ships captured
2181:
2170:
2109:
1986:
1859:Expulsion of the Moriscos
1851:
1642:
1638:
1627:
1570:
1559:
1510:
1489:
1433:
1355:Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis
1332:
1328:
1317:
1245:
1234:
1113:
913:First Sumatran expedition
875:
714:
707:
364:In 1785, Algiers, led by
211:
184:
131:
97:
44:
26:
21:
2095:2nd Swedish-Algerian War
2089:1st Swedish-Algerian War
2000:Spanish conquest of Oran
1895:Action of 3 October 1624
1800:Expedition to Mostaganem
867:2021 U.S. Capitol attack
827:Battle of Blair Mountain
604:Grégoire Jeanne (1894).
298:United States government
2071:Portuguese Algerian War
2047:Bombardments of Tunisia
1941:French-Tripolitania War
1794:Battle of Wadi al-Laban
1580:Anglo-Moroccan alliance
1575:Franco-Ottoman alliance
1543:Baba Mohammed ben-Osman
1126:Wars involving the U.S.
963:Philippine–American War
847:1960s ghetto rebellions
607:Histoire des États-Unis
550:R. Ainad Tabet (1990).
462:"Milestones: 1801–1829"
2141:Bombardment of Tripoli
2129:Bombardment of Algiers
2083:Bombardment of Tangier
2053:Bombardment of Algiers
2041:Bombardment of Algiers
1965:Bombardment of Algiers
1953:Bombardment of Algiers
1947:Bombardment of Algiers
1171:Conscientious objector
1073:First Libyan Civil War
943:Second Fiji expedition
923:Ivory Coast expedition
857:1992 Los Angeles riots
817:Colorado Coalfield War
709:Listed chronologically
359:
310:United States Congress
132:Commanders and leaders
36:paying tribute to the
2101:Action of 16 May 1797
2065:American-Algerian War
1141:Territorial evolution
1121:Conflicts in the U.S.
1043:Intervention in Haiti
933:First Fiji expedition
621:Don Philpott (2015).
336:operating out of the
260:Algerian–American War
212:Casualties and losses
84:Establishment of the
22:American–Algerian War
2011:Battle of Cape Palos
1930:Action of March 1665
1877:Battle of Cape Corvo
1818:Great Siege of Malta
1722:Siege of Castelnuovo
1680:Battle of Formentera
1451:Anglo-Turkish piracy
1370:Murat Reis the Elder
1345:Hayreddin Barbarossa
1003:Bay of Pigs Invasion
958:Spanish–American War
928:Mexican–American War
852:Kent State shootings
842:Puerto Rican revolts
772:American Indian Wars
316:, which created the
2186:Barbary slave trade
2153:Invasion of Algiers
2035:Invasion of Algiers
2017:Danish–Algerian War
1865:Franco-Algerian War
1770:Invasion of Corsica
1018:Invasion of Grenada
1013:Dominican Civil War
523:William O. (2009).
444:out of 130 seamen.
442:83 American sailors
342:Barbary slave trade
330:early modern period
278:as a result of the
2123:Second Barbary War
2029:Dutch–Moroccan War
1994:Dutch–Algerian War
1935:Anglo-Algerian War
1906:Turkish Abductions
1889:Anglo-Algerian War
1836:Conquest of Tunis
1746:Capture of Mahdiye
1656:Capture of Algiers
1300:Regency of Tripoli
1250:Regency of Algiers
1058:War in Afghanistan
1028:Invasion of Panama
1023:Lebanese Civil War
948:Formosa Expedition
908:Second Barbary War
862:2020 racial unrest
797:Johnson County War
792:Lincoln County War
767:American Civil War
762:Harpers Ferry raid
737:Turner's Rebellion
318:United States Navy
268:Regency of Algiers
111:Regency of Algiers
86:United States Navy
77:Algerian victory
34:William Bainbridge
2241:Conflicts in 1785
2228:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2135:Battle of Tripoli
2117:First Barbary War
1912:Sack of Baltimore
1883:Dutch–Barbary War
1830:Battle of Lepanto
1776:Capture of Bougie
1728:Battle of Alboran
1716:Battle of Preveza
1698:Conquest of Tunis
1692:Conquest of Tunis
1668:Battle of Pianosa
1623:
1622:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1533:Mohamed Kharnadji
1395:Muhammad Kurdogli
1313:
1312:
1194:
1193:
1156:Casualties of war
988:Russian Civil War
953:Korean Expedition
898:First Barbary War
777:Brooks–Baxter War
732:Fries's Rebellion
727:Whiskey Rebellion
648:M.A.Khan (2009).
496:Lawrence (2009).
328:Beginning in the
314:Naval Act of 1794
284:merchant shipping
264:state of conflict
256:
255:
168:George Washington
93:
92:
62:Mediterranean Sea
2273:
2172:
2171:
2023:Siege of Melilla
1806:Battle of Djerba
1758:Siege of Tripoli
1752:Invasion of Gozo
1640:
1639:
1629:
1628:
1561:
1560:
1461:Ahmed el Inglizi
1415:Hassan Veneziano
1385:Muhammad I Pasha
1350:Sayyida al Hurra
1330:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1305:Regency of Tunis
1290:Republic of Salé
1236:
1235:
1228:Barbary Corsairs
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1197:
1146:Military history
1105:Yemeni civil war
1038:Somali Civil War
938:Second Opium War
807:Homestead strike
722:Shays' Rebellion
696:
689:
682:
673:
672:
666:
665:
645:
639:
638:
618:
612:
611:
601:
595:
594:
574:
568:
567:
547:
541:
540:
520:
514:
513:
493:
487:
486:
476:
470:
469:
458:
382:Thomas Jefferson
302:Continental Navy
251:
250:
249:
243:1 brig captured
242:
241:
240:
233:
232:
231:
223:
222:
221:
206:
205:
204:
196:
195:
194:
179:Thomas Jefferson
177:
176:
175:
166:
165:
164:
154:
153:
152:
143:
142:
141:
127:
123:
121:
120:
109:
108:
107:
46:
45:
31:
19:
18:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2220:
2177:
2158:
2105:
1982:
1971:Sieges of Ceuta
1847:
1764:Battle of Ponza
1674:Siege of Rhodes
1662:Fall of Tlemcen
1634:
1619:
1566:
1547:
1506:
1502:Yusuf Karamanli
1497:Ahmed Karamanli
1485:
1429:
1324:
1309:
1241:
1230:
1225:
1195:
1190:
1109:
968:Boxer Rebellion
871:
752:Bleeding Kansas
710:
703:
700:
670:
669:
662:
646:
642:
635:
619:
615:
602:
598:
591:
575:
571:
564:
548:
544:
537:
521:
517:
510:
494:
490:
477:
473:
460:
459:
455:
450:
422:
362:
334:Barbary pirates
326:
294:Barbary pirates
247:
245:
244:
238:
236:
235:
229:
227:
219:
217:
202:
200:
192:
190:
173:
171:
170:
162:
160:
150:
148:
147:
139:
137:
118:
116:
105:
103:
68:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1871:Raid on Żejtun
1868:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1710:Siege of Corfu
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1636:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1201:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Peace movement
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
879:
877:
873:
872:
870:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:Pullman Strike
809:
804:
802:Coal Creek War
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
747:Dorr Rebellion
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
718:
716:
712:
711:
708:
705:
704:
699:
698:
691:
684:
676:
668:
667:
660:
640:
633:
613:
596:
589:
569:
562:
542:
535:
515:
509:978-0801891397
508:
488:
471:
452:
451:
449:
446:
421:
418:
414:Barbary States
402:merchant ships
361:
358:
350:Barbary States
325:
322:
276:British Empire
254:
253:
234:180+ captured
225:
214:
213:
209:
208:
198:
187:
186:
182:
181:
158:
134:
133:
129:
128:
113:
100:
99:
95:
94:
91:
90:
89:
88:
82:
74:
70:
69:
66:Atlantic Ocean
60:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
38:Dey of Algiers
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Redemptorists
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
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2133:
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583:. JHU Press.
582:
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424:US diplomats
417:
415:
411:
407:
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387:
386:U.S. Minister
383:
380:financially.
379:
375:
374:merchant ship
371:
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343:
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338:Barbary Coast
335:
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272:United States
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67:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
25:
20:
2251:Barbary Wars
2216:Trinitarians
2110:19th century
1987:18th century
1852:17th century
1842:Sack of Sori
1643:16th century
1511:19th century
1490:18th century
1441:Jan Janszoon
1434:17th century
1333:16th century
993:World War II
887:
787:Hamburg riot
650:
643:
623:
616:
606:
599:
579:
572:
552:
545:
525:
518:
498:
491:
481:
474:
465:
456:
423:
396:but failed.
366:Dey Muhammad
363:
327:
312:to pass the
300:. Since the
292:
259:
257:
156:Raïs Hamidou
98:Belligerents
76:
2097:(1796-1802)
2079:(1790–1792)
2073:(1790–1813)
1973:(1694–1727)
1891:(1620–1621)
1742:(1543-1544)
1523:Hussein Dey
1471:Ali Bitchin
1446:Salé Rovers
1410:Arnaut Mami
1405:Hasan Pasha
1390:Hasan Corso
1240:Territories
1048:Bosnian War
1008:Vietnam War
983:World War I
973:Banana Wars
903:War of 1812
426:Joel Barlow
2235:Categories
1959:Morean War
1924:Cretan War
1518:Ali Khodja
1481:Yusuf Reis
1476:Simon Reis
1420:Sinan Reis
1400:Hasan Agha
1380:Aydın Reis
1375:Kemal Reis
1365:Salah Rais
1323:Commanders
1186:War crimes
1053:Kosovo War
998:Korean War
978:Border War
837:Bonus Army
832:Tulsa riot
822:Red Summer
742:Mormon War
448:References
346:Royal Navy
324:Background
288:Royal Navy
145:Muhammad V
2201:Lazarists
2149:(1829–30)
2119:(1801–05)
2091:(1791–92)
2067:(1785–95)
2049:(1784–92)
2031:(1775–77)
2025:(1774–75)
2019:(1769–72)
1996:(1715–26)
1961:(1684–99)
1943:(1681–85)
1937:(1677–82)
1926:(1645–69)
1885:(1618–22)
1867:(1609–28)
1826:(1568–71)
1633:Conflicts
1565:Diplomacy
1528:Omar Agha
1466:Omar Agha
1270:Cherchell
893:Quasi-War
782:Range War
420:Aftermath
52:1785–1795
1538:Haji Ali
1360:Occhiali
1176:Cold War
1093:Cameroon
1063:Iraq War
1033:Gulf War
757:Utah War
715:Domestic
406:Atlantic
398:Portugal
270:and the
185:Strength
57:Location
2176:Slavery
1295:Tetouan
1275:Mahdiya
1265:Bizerte
1114:Related
876:Foreign
438:Tripoli
430:Algiers
404:in the
394:Algiers
384:, then
378:Algiers
370:Morocco
354:Algiers
224:Unknown
207:Unknown
197:Unknown
40:in 1800
2196:Bagnio
2155:(1830)
2143:(1828)
2137:(1825)
2131:(1816)
2125:(1815)
2085:(1791)
2061:(1784)
2055:(1784)
2043:(1783)
2037:(1775)
2013:(1758)
2002:(1732)
1979:(1695)
1967:(1688)
1955:(1683)
1949:(1682)
1920:(1637)
1914:(1631)
1908:(1627)
1902:(1624)
1879:(1615)
1873:(1614)
1861:(1609)
1844:(1584)
1838:(1574)
1832:(1571)
1820:(1565)
1814:(1563)
1808:(1560)
1802:(1558)
1796:(1558)
1790:(1558)
1784:(1556)
1778:(1555)
1772:(1553)
1766:(1552)
1760:(1551)
1754:(1551)
1748:(1550)
1736:(1543)
1730:(1540)
1724:(1539)
1718:(1538)
1712:(1537)
1706:(1535)
1700:(1535)
1694:(1534)
1688:(1529)
1682:(1529)
1676:(1522)
1670:(1519)
1664:(1518)
1658:(1516)
1652:(1501)
1425:Dragut
1255:Annaba
658:
631:
587:
560:
533:
506:
436:, and
390:France
262:was a
122:
73:Result
1285:Rabat
1098:Libya
1088:Syria
434:Tunis
410:truce
1340:Aruj
1280:Oran
1083:Iraq
656:ISBN
629:ISBN
585:ISBN
558:ISBN
531:ISBN
504:ISBN
306:navy
258:The
64:and
49:Date
388:to
360:War
290:.
2237::
464:.
432:,
416:.
332:,
320:.
1220:e
1213:t
1206:v
695:e
688:t
681:v
664:.
637:.
593:.
566:.
539:.
512:.
468:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
