Academic boycott of Israel

1400:. This statement has quickly garnered significant support from the global academic community, collecting over 8,000 signatures within the first 10 days of its release. The signatories include a diverse group of academics from various disciplines and institutions worldwide, reflecting a strong consensus on the importance of protecting academic freedom. The statement emphasizes the importance of upholding fundamental principles of professional conduct and academic freedom. It calls upon the academic community to resist boycotts of Israeli academics and institutions, highlighting concerns about violations of academic freedom and fairness that such boycotts entail. 337:(NATFHE) passed motion 198C, a call to boycott Israeli academics who did not vocally speak out against their government: "The conference invites members to consider their own responsibility for ensuring equity and non-discrimination in contacts with Israeli educational institutions or individuals, and to consider the appropriateness of a boycott of those that do not publicly dissociate themselves from such policies." The resolution was dismissed by the AUT, the union into which the NATFHE was merging. Overall, four attempts were made to pass pro-boycott motions at the annual conferences of the AUT, especially following its reorganization as the 1042:, a pro-Israel legal lobby organization. The 30 page suit focusses on Lynch's denying a sabbatical appointment to professor Dan Avnon of Hebrew University because of his center's pro-BDS policy not to support Israeli academics. Andrew Hamilton of Shurat HaDin stated "Our strategic aim in this case is to address the unlawful racial discrimination of the BDS movement generally and the academic boycott in particular, rather than to narrowly focus on the discrimination against Prof. Avnon." The case has been described as a "landmark legal suit" and "a major test of the legality of the boycott, divestments and sanctions (BDS) campaign". 467:"As the president of an academic institution dedicated in large part to the preparation of teachers, I believe that universities and all centers of learning must be allowed to function as safe havens for freedom of discussion, debate and intellectual inquiry, standing apart from national and international politics and partisan strife. Only thus can they continue to produce scholarship that informs the policies and laws of democratic societies and stand as islands of hope in a frequently polarized world.... Teachers College welcomes dialogue with Israeli scholars and universities and stands with 635:(ASA). In a vote in which 1,252 of its 5,000 members participated, 66% voted in favour of a boycott. The reasons given were "Israel's violation of international law and UN resolutions; the documented impact of the Israeli occupation on Palestinian scholars and students; the extent to which Israeli institutions of higher education are a party to state policies that violate human rights," and thus "negatively impact the working conditions of Palestinian scholars and students". Many proponents of the ASA's boycott, including Yale professor and past president of the ASA 652:". Marez acknowledged that the United States has previously, and is currently, the largest supplier of military aid to many governments, including some with poor human rights records, but explained that Israel is the only country in which "civil society groups" had specifically asked the ASA to launch a boycott. Further responding to accusations that the ASA was singling out Israel while ignoring many other nations that have comparable or even worse human rights records that Israel (including many of Israel's neighbors), Marez replied: "One has to start somewhere." 511:, a group of French academics, published a call for a boycott of Israeli scientific institutions on the web. The statement was published in French and English and stressed that only "official Israeli institutions, including universities" were targeted, and that signatories "will continue to collaborate with, and host, Israeli scientific colleagues on an individual basis." The pledge was signed by several hundred academics from 30 countries. During the subsequent months it was the subject of discussion in the French press and in scientific journals. 317:– gathered enough signatures to call a special meeting on the subject. Pro-boycott demonstrators called for the AUT to maintain its course against what they described as "unbelievable pressure", while anti-boycott demonstrators suggested that the decision had been influenced by antisemitism, and argued that the AUT's integrity was being threatened by a group of "leftwing extremists". At the meeting on 26 May 2005, the AUT membership decided to cancel the boycott of both Israeli universities. Reasons cited for the decision were: the damage to 1376:, a hidden reason behind the academic boycott is to isolate Jewish academics so as to push them out of disciplines where Jews have been perceived to be "over-represented", and that this is done by inserting litmus tests for Jews who wish to advance in their careers as academics, demanding that they demonstrate virulent hostility to Israel or else be stigmatized. Kramer argues that this is a primary reason why the boycott has found a significant number of supporters from fields which have little to do with the Middle East. 585:. AURDIP was created with two primary missions: (1) To promote the application of international law in Israel and Palestine; specifically to oppose Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and Israel’s settlement policy, which fly in the face of international conventions on human rights, United Nations resolutions, and decisions of the International Court of Justice; (2) To defend Palestinians’ right to education and to support students and staff of Palestinian universities in the defense of this right. 365:. This is not to say that there are no points of comparison, for there are – just as there are in a host of other countries where minority ethnic and national groups are oppressed. Nor is it even to say that the suffering experienced by Palestinians is less than that endured by "non-whites" in South Africa: it may or may not be (although I am not sure how to do the sums). But as I have argued elsewhere: "The validity of the analogy does not depend on a catalogue of atrocities, however appalling." 660:

academic boycott of Israel, choosing to create an original document of declaration in order to protest, "the infringement of the academic freedom of Indigenous Palestinian academics and intellectuals in the Occupied Territories and Israel who are denied fundamental freedoms of movement, expression, and assembly, which uphold." The declaration "encourages NAISA members to boycott Israeli academic institutions because they are imbricated with the Israeli state".

1161:: "Israeli universities are not being targeted for boycott because of their ethnic or religious identity, but because of their complicity in the Israeli system of apartheid" and "The principled position of academics in South Africa to distance themselves from institutions that support the occupation is a reflection of the advances already made in exposing that the Israeli regime is guilty of an illegal and immoral colonial project." 1288:(2002), make the comparison and argue for an academic boycott of Israel based on a belief that the academic boycott of South Africa was effective in ending apartheid. George Fink responds (Nature 2002) that asserting that the boycott of South Africa by the world's academic communities 'was instrumental in ending apartheid in South Africa' is a deception and was actually terminated by two pivotal and interrelated political events: 122:, regard Israel as a European state for the purposes of awarding grants and contracts. ... Would it not therefore be timely if at both national and European level a moratorium was called upon any further such support unless and until Israel abide by UN resolutions and open serious peace negotiations with the Palestinians, along the lines proposed in many peace plans including most recently that sponsored by the Saudis and the 452:". Some members resigned following claims of an underlying institutional anti-Semitism. In 2010, the UCU passed a boycott motion that invoked a "call from the Palestinian Boycott National Committee" for "an isolation of Israel while it continues to act in breach of international law" and calls to "campaign actively" against Israel's trade agreement with the European Union. Dr John Chalcraft, of the 526:, which guides their internal and international policy and constitutes an essential element of this Agreement." Far from calling for a boycott, the motion called on the President of the university to establish contact with Israeli and Palestinian university authorities in order to work for peace. The motion was adopted on December 16, 2002 by 22 in favor, 4 opposed, and 6 abstentions. 1137:

access to education for Palestinians. While Palestinians are not able to access universities and schools, Israeli universities produce the research, technology, arguments and leaders for maintaining the occupation. BGU is no exception, by maintaining links to both the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) and the arms industry BGU structurally supports and facilitates the Israeli occupation."

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not being used towards "maintenance of the Israeli occupation and human rights abuses in Gaza and the West Bank", and advocates divestment of university funds from any companies that profit from what it describes as the "continued occupation of Palestinian lands, the maintenance of illegal Israeli settlements and the walls being built around Gaza, the West Bank and Jerusalem".

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seeks to put pressure on all those cultural institutions that have failed to oppose the occupation and struggle for equal rights and the rights of the dispossessed, all those cultural institutions that think it is not their place to criticize their government for these practices, all of them that understand themselves to be above or beyond this intractable political condition.

1030:'s Student Association (UWSSA) formally affiliated to the "Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel" in February 2009, following a request from PACBI. The President of the UWSSA, Jacob Carswell-Doherty, later stated, "We have no interest in hearing the Israeli viewpoint. Our agenda is to persuade the university administration to implement the terms of the boycott." 290:, continued: "If we are to look at Israeli society, it is within the academic community that we've had the most progressive pro-peace views and views that have come out in favor of seeing us as equals If you want to punish any sector, this is the last one to approach." He acknowledges, however, that his view is a minority one among Palestinian academics. 456:, said: "A boycott will be effective because Israel considers itself part of the West: when Western civil society finally says 'enough is enough', Israelis, not to mention Western governments, will take notice. A non-violent international boycott, like that of South Africa, may well play a historic role in bringing down the Israeli system of apartheid." 1169:

University that has direct or indirect military links; or in instances where human rights abuses are identified. The University has stated that if BGU violates any of the conditions agreed on by Senate or UJ's stated principles, which include "solidarity with any oppressed population", the relationship will be terminated completely after 6 months.

1244:"If we are to look at Israeli society, it is within the academic community that we've had the most progressive pro-peace views and views that have come out in favor of seeing us as equals.... If you want to punish any sector, this is the last one to approach." He acknowledges, however, that his view is a minority one among Palestinian academics. 375:] of any boycott on Jewish and Israeli Sixthformers". Specifically, AJ6 pointed to "partnerships and exchange visits with Israeli schools and colleges may be under threat", and "Jewish students who study in Israel during their Gap Years are worried that teachers may refuse to provide them with references for these programmes." 774:

Israeli-Palestinian conflict or of ways to resolve it. However, we expect that such a discussion would not be one-sided and would consider the behavior of all the relevant actors. An academic boycott of Israel, or of any country, for that matter, would effectively suppress free speech without helping to resolve the conflict.

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over academic boycotts related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. By rallying substantial support, the initiative highlights a widespread commitment within the academic community to uphold the principles of academic freedom and fairness, despite the complex and often contentious nature of the broader political context.

639:, argue that the action can be seen as "symbolic", as it is such defined by the ASA council statement. In response to the resolution, a number of organizations and politicians accused the ASA of applying a double standard towards Israel. Opponents of the boycott called the resolution antisemitic and anti-Israel. 999:

these kinds of actions, why should they enjoy the freedom to come and teach in other countries like Canada?" CUPE's national president, Paul Moist, issued a statement declaring his opposition to the motion and saying, "I will be using my influence in any debates on such a resolution to oppose its adoption."

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The Wits SRC academic boycott has not been renewed since it was passed in 2012 and is de facto no longer operable at the institution. A number of Wits SRC and former Wits SRC members have visited the country and talked about their experiences. They have said they are against boycotts and that calling

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put it, boycotts are an 'assault on the fundamental principles of open discourse ... and free argumentation, principles that lie at the very foundation of the academy and its missions of discovery ... and education.' ... n academic boycott opens the door to the general political suppression of speech

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The Columbia Palestine Forum (CPF), which was formed at Columbia University in March 2009, maintains that Israel is an apartheid state and advocates boycott and divestment efforts against Israel. The group has called for increased disclosure of university finances to establish that Columbia funds are

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The divestment campaign that has been far more successful in Western Europe needs to be reinvigorated in North America – as must the boycotting of the Israeli cultural and academic institutions ... Naming names and denouncing individually every prominent Israeli intellectual who has publicly endorsed

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Others may interpret the boycott differently, but I have no problem collaborating with Israeli scholars and artists as long as we do not participate in any Israeli institution or have Israeli state monies support our collaborative work. The reason, of course, is that the academic and cultural boycott

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Despite widespread international condemnation for its policy of violent repression against the Palestinian people in the Occupied Territories, the Israeli government appears impervious to moral appeals from world leaders. ... Odd though it may appear, many national and European cultural and research

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If we think that to criticise Israeli violence, or to call for economic pressure to be put on the Israeli state to change its policies, is to be "effectively anti-semitic", we will fail to voice our opposition for fear of being named as part of an anti-semitic enterprise. No label could be worse for

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In January 2014, 134 members of Congress (69 Democrats, 65 Republicans) signed a letter to ASA president Curtis Marez and president-elect Lisa Duggan, which accused the ASA of engaging in a "morally dishonest double standard". The letter stated that: "Like all democracies, Israel is not perfect. But

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stated that Israel was being unfairly singled out when other countries' human rights records were far worse. The president of Kenyon College dismissed it as a "geopolitical tool", endorsing the decision of its American Studies program to secede as an institutional member of the ASA. The president of

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had agreed to meet with the faculty to discuss the demands for divestment. One CPF member described the group's goals in a 3 March article for Columbia's newspaper, stating, "by divesting from companies that do business with the occupation, we can put global pressure on the Israeli government to end

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Through discussions with anti-boycott campaigners and a trace of the most common emails (not necessarily abusive) sent to the union and handed over by Natfhe, we found the vast majority of the tens of thousands of emails originated not with groups fighting for academic freedom, but with lobby groups

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The initiative has sparked significant debate within academic and political circles, with proponents arguing for the essential role of academic freedom in fostering dialogue and understanding. The "Statement Against the Boycott of Israeli Academics" represents a pivotal moment in the ongoing debate

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has called Israel-boycott efforts "anti-Semitic in their effect if not their intent". In 2007, nearly 300 university presidents across the United States signed a joint statement denouncing the boycott movement. In 2010, a group of 15 American university professors launched a campaign calling for an

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started this massive campaign emailing delegates and trying to deny us our democratic right to discuss whatever we like, it probably wouldn't have passed. People feel bullied, and what we have seen is a hardening of attitudes. All they achieved was making the delegates determined to debate and pass

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Against the backdrop of the publicly supported campaign, UJ's highest academic body (Senate) voted on Wednesday, 29 September 2010 "not to continue a long-standing relationship with Ben-Gurion University in Israel in its present form" and conditionally terminate its Apartheid-era relationship with

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Shortly after its original statement, CUPE removed its call to boycott individual academics from its website and replaced it with statement that called instead for a boycott "aimed at academic institutions and the institutional connections that exist between universities here and those in Israel".

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In December 2013, the council of the Native American and Indigenous Studies Association voted unanimously in favor of the academic boycott of Israel, becoming the third American academic association to participate in PACBI's Call to action. NAISA made an official declaration of its support for the

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An opposing motion was proposed and adopted on January 27, 2003 by members of the Council. It stated that it "recognized the emotions stirred up by the motion adopted on December 16, 2002, and by the way it was interpreted" and affirmed "its opposition to any moratorium or boycott in the relations

141:, led a rival web-based petition that condemned the original's "unjustly righteous tone" and warned that the boycott has a "broader risk of very disruptive repercussions for a wide range of international scientific and cultural contacts." The counter petition had gathered almost 1,000 signatories. 998:

stated, "we are ready to say Israeli academics should not be on our campuses unless they explicitly condemn the university bombing and the assault on Gaza in general." Ryan subsequently said, "Academic freedom goes both ways. What we are saying is if they want to remain silent and be complicit in

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CPF outlined its demands to a university representative during a demonstration on 5 March 2009. On the previous day, it held a panel discussion featuring multiple Columbia faculty members who have been supportive of the group. Gil Anidjar, a religion professor, advocated boycott as an appropriate

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Over 700 new members joined the organisation between the December vote to boycott Israeli academic institutions and April 2014. The ASA subsequently released a statement that said it had "collected more membership revenue in the past three months than in any other three-month period over the past

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It is profoundly unjust for academics in the only democratic country in the Middle East – the only country where scholarship and debate are permitted to freely flourish – to be held to an ideological test and the threat of being blacklisted because of their views. No one would expect a British or

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Amid widespread public attention, both within South Africa and internationally, the campaign to boycott BGU quickly gained momentum and within a few days more than 250 academics had signed the petition, stating: "The Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories has had disastrous effects on

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In July 2014, Shurat HaDin-the Israel Law Center announced that it was withdrawing its Lawsuit against Lynch. Lynch stated that this decision "gives the green light for many more Australians to take their own action in solidarity with the Palestinian struggle for rights and freedoms we are lucky

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A fact-finding investigation conducted by the University confirmed BGU's links with the Israeli Defence Force (IDF) and complicity in the Israeli occupation. Accepting the recommendations of the report, the University committed itself to end any research or teaching relationship with Ben-Gurion

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The Forward published, in January 2012, an article about Jewish presidents of universities, saying, "many college presidents" see BDS as a "red line" and "presidents who were previously disinclined to speak out against anti-Israel activity on campus in the name of preserving open dialogue found

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Some invoke the comparison to claim that an academic boycott of Israel should not be controversial based on a misconception that the academic boycott of South Africa was uncontroversial and straightforward. The reality, at the time, was very different. The effort was the subject of significant

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In February 2014, a bill called the "Protect Academic Freedom Act" was introduced into the U.S. Congress. The legislation "seeks to bar federal funds from going to academic institutions that back the BDS movement". Supporters of the legislation claim that its purpose to oppose "discriminatory

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Bridging political gulfs – rather than widening them further apart – between nations and individuals thus becomes an educational duty as well as a functional necessity, requiring exchange and dialogue rather than confrontation and antagonism. Our disaffection with, and condemnation of acts of

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because of the country's policies. The scientific agreement, which focused on cooperation in water research, had only been signed in the previous year. Prior to making a final decision, the university sent a senior delegation of its faculty on a fact finding tour to Israel in January 2011.

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We believe academic boycotts were a bad idea in 2002 and are a bad idea now. Academic boycotts are inconsistent with the democratic values of academic freedom and free expression... We want to make clear that this position does not in any way discourage an open discussion and debate of the

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The AUT's decision was immediately condemned by Jewish groups and many members of the AUT. Critics of the boycott within and outside the AUT noted that at the meeting at which the boycott motion was passed the leadership cut short the debate citing a lack of time. Specifically, the

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for supporting a student who wrote about attacks on Palestinians during the founding of the state of Israel. The University denied having disciplined the lecturer. Union members claimed that staff and students who seek to research Israel's history in full are often "victimised".

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told journalists that he was not aware of "any formal links – a memorandum of understanding – between Wits and Israeli universities". Three hours later, Wits university's spokesperson confirmed that it "has no formal ties with any Israeli university, according to our database".

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While Israeli academics have grown used to such news from Great Britain, where anti-Israel groups several times attempted to establish academic boycotts, the formation of the United States movement marks the first time that a national academic boycott movement has come out of

31:(BDS) campaign. The campaign calls for BDS activities against Israel to put international pressure on Israel, in this case against Israeli academic institutions, all of which are said by PACBI to be implicated in the perpetuation of Israeli occupation, in order to achieve 1354:

here is much that should be, indeed that must be, debated regarding Israeli policy.... But the academic boycott resolution passed by the British professors union in the way that it singles out Israel is in my judgment anti-Semitic in both effect and in intent.

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voted to endorse BDS, by a margin of 768 to 167. A full membership vote was taken from January 31 to March 22, and 80 per cent of members voted in favor of a proposed resolution endorsing the Palestinian call for boycotts, divestment, and sanctions of Israel.

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The British National Postgraduate Committee also voted to oppose the boycott. Project officer Andre Oboler said that the boycott "runs contrary to our objective, which is to advance in the public interest the education of postgraduate students within the UK".

428:, conducted an analysis of "whether the campaigns against such boycotts are actually motivated by concerns for academic freedom, or whether they are using the universalist ideal to stifle critical discussion of Israel". They describe their findings this way: 757:

said in January 2012 that the university "has clearly stated on numerous occasions that it does not support sanctions or boycotts against Israel". She said that the school was not a sponsor of a BDS conference taking place on campus in February 2012.

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their elected officials' wide-eyed barbarism, and then categorically boycotting their universities and colleges, film festivals and cultural institutions, is the single most important act of solidarity that their counterparts can do around the world.

2736: 711:, a professor of Iranian studies at Columbia University, is on the advisory board of the U.S. Campaign for the Academic & Cultural Boycott of Israel. Dabashi supports boycott efforts targeting both Israeli individuals and institutions: 798:"Had the association joined the BDS boycott, it would have established ... an ideological litmus test for participation in the academy. Endorsing a political test for speech is a step on a dangerous path for American anthropologists. As 2520:

Fraser, Ronnie. "Fraser versus the University College Union: A Personal Reflection." Anti-Zionism on Campus: The University, Free Speech, and BDS, edited by Andrew Pessin and Doron S. Ben-Atar, Indiana University Press, 2018, pp.

518:, referring to discrimination against Palestinian colleagues and to Article of this agreement, which states that "elations between the Parties, as well as all the provisions of the Agreement itself, shall be based on respect for 951:, argued that the boycott demonstrated "the Orwellian antisemitism and moral bankruptcy of the ASA" while the ADL described the boycott as "shameful, morally bankrupt and intellectually dishonest attack on academic freedom". 1177:

Within hours of the University of Johannesburg's decision to conditionally terminate its links with Ben-Gurion University, major South African universities began looking into their own ties with Israeli universities.

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In 2013, the issue of Academic Boycotts and the BDS campaign received significant press treatment when a suit was filed against professor Jake Lynch, the director of the Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies at the

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Many universities and prominent scholars criticized the ASA's support of the boycott. Brandeis University, Pennsylvania State University, Indiana University and Kenyon College decided to withdraw from the ASA. The

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College) and "is thus directly involved with the occupation of Palestinian territories contrary to United Nations resolutions". It boycotted Haifa because it was alleged that the university had wrongly disciplined

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introduced H.R. 4776, a bill "to prohibit an institution of higher education that participates in a boycott of the Israeli government, economy, or academia from receiving funds from the U.S. federal government".

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The campaigns for academic boycott of Israel have led to fierce debate. Opponents argue that boycott advocates apply different standards to Israel than other countries, that the boycott is counterproductive, a

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ven if the policy and rationale were clear and unambiguous, there is a deeper problem with motions of this sort that prevents them from attracting a broad base of support: they rely on the false (or limited)

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argued, "In reality, co-operation between Israeli and British universities and their academics has grown in recent years under the energetic leadership of outgoing UK ambassador to Israel, Matthew Gould."

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boycotts which impede rather than advance the peace process and that seek to deny Israelis the right to free speech on American campuses". Those opposing the bill claim that it would fiercely violate the

227:. The motions to AUT Council were prompted by the call for a boycott from nearly 60 Palestinian academics and others. The AUT Council voted to boycott Bar-Ilan because it runs courses at colleges in the 1270:

on this frequent mistaken comparison: "In truth, boycotts are blunt weapons. Even the most apparently straightforward and justified ones, on closer inspection, have their controversies and injustices."

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Some observers have questioned what practical effect any CUPE resolution will have since the 20,000 university workers represented by CUPE Ontario include campus staff but almost no full-time faculty.

534:, the association agreement between the EU and Israel be renegotiated to include the Palestinians … and called on the EU to ensure compliance by all parties with all clauses of the agreement (…)". 3737: 2485: 3845:"H.R.4776 - To prohibit an institution of higher education that participates in a boycott of the Israeli government, economy, or academia from receiving funds from the U.S. Federal Government" 667:

voted to join the academic boycott campaign, by a margin of 1,040 to 136. In 2016 the resolution was put up for vote by all the members of the Association and was rejected. In July 2023, the

3582:"Summers Says British Boycott of Israeli Academics Is Intentionally 'Anti-Semitic'; President's words are strongest condemnation of Israel critics to date; remarks divide Harvard professors" 278:

academic boycotts and discrimination against scholars and institutions, is predicated on the principles of academic freedom, human rights, and equality between nations and among individuals.

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said, "academic boycotts subvert the academic freedoms and values necessary to the free flow of ideas," and that a boycott was "a direct threat to these ideals". Former Harvard president

24: 765:(AFT) reiterated its opposition to any academic boycott of Israel (or any other country) but added that discussion of the Israel-Palestinian conflict should be encouraged. AFT President 39:, the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries. The goal of the proposed academic boycotts is to isolate Israel in order to force a change in Israel's policies towards the 63:. Despite this debate, academic boycott measures have been undertaken around the world, with some support among academic associations and unions, but with little institutional success. 3986: 334: 4666: 3444: 531: 1058:, was singled out as a boycott target. "The Institute carries out research in a wide range of technologies and weapons used to oppress and attack Palestinians," said the call. 1587: 2542: 4201: 1224:

Israel an apartheid state is an insult to black South Africans. Israeli writers and the Israeli director of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have also visited the campus.

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reported that ASA's president Curtis Marez argued that America has "a particular responsibility to answer the call for boycott because it is the largest supplier of

4039: 3078: 2325: 577:) was created by the group of academics who had initiated the 2002 call, in alliance with the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel 483:

admitted that Fraser "would be entitled to infer ... that the union was not taking antisemitism seriously." The UCU later ceased to promote anti-Israel boycotts.

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to single out Israel, while leaving relationships with universities in autocratic and repressive countries intact, suggests thinly-veiled bigotry and bias."

570:. They called "in the first place to impose a program of boycott, divestment, and sanctions," following the creation of the French organization BDS France. 2924: 2568: 826:

Until April 2013, no American school had ever divested from or imposed an academic boycott on Israel despite strong boycott campaigns. Former President of

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Wesleyan University deplored this "politically retrograde resolution", describing it as an irresponsible attack under the guise of phony progressivism.

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noted that while the original resolution mentioned Ryan three times and listed him a point of contact, the new resolution did not mention Ryan's name.

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in 2008. Threatened by legal action on the one hand, and opposed by all University heads on the other, these never went beyond the declarative stage.

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Since 2007, the UCU has been controversially involved in the academic boycotts of Israel and for rejecting the previously accepted definition of "

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On 5 September 2010, a nationwide academic petition was initiated by academics supporting a termination of a partnership agreement between the

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unanimously passed a motion to support BDS and "denounce the apartheid that Israel is committing in Palestine". The motion also called on the

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In December of the same year, a motion put forward at the Administrative Council of the Université Paris 6 called for the suspension of the

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American professor to have to withstand such scrutiny of their political views. Yet, when it comes to Israel a different standard applies.

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a Jew, who knows that, ethically and politically, the position with which it would be unbearable to identify is that of the anti-semite.

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issued a joint statement condemning the boycott effort as unproductive towards ending the "shared tragedy" but rather could prolong it:

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Matthew Taylor, "Storm blows union off course: Can lecturers unite now the vote to isolate Israeli universities has been overturned?",

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The academic boycott of South Africa is frequently invoked as a model for more recent efforts to organize academic boycotts of Israel.

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Zvi Ravner, Israel's deputy ambassador in London, noted, "he last time that Jews were boycotted in universities was in 1930s Germany."

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Summers had previously argued that a proposed boycott was antisemitic "in effect, if not intent". This position was criticized by

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The Association of Jewish Sixthformers (AJ6) issued a press release expressing dismay and concern "about the affects [

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are signatories to the academic petition, which is also backed by Vice-Chancellors from four universities in South Africa.

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will no longer publish any research by Israeli scholars and will refuse to sell books and journals to Israeli libraries.

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followed suit shortly afterwards, stating, "There are no institution-level partnerships with Israeli universities." The

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The idea of an academic boycott against Israel first emerged publicly in England on 6 April 2002 in an open letter to

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In reaction to the National Executive Council of the National Union of Students' BDS resolution on 2 June 2015, Prof.

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Abbes, Ahmed; Balabane, Mikhael; Farjoun, Emmanuel; Harris, Michael; Rouquier, Raphael; Schapira, Pierre (May 2002).

1632: 1423: 1253: 251: 28: 4220: 3618: 3538: 3156: 4769: 3686: 1289: 4402:"Palestinian university president comes out against boycott of Israeli academics". Associated Press. 18 June 2006. 1054:

In January 2016, 168 Italian academics and researchers published a call to boycott Israeli academic institutions.

479:, alleging repeated antisemitic harassment by fellow UCU members. Under cross-examination, UCU general secretary 150: 1181: 762: 675: 392: 4368:"Leading Israeli author Eshkol Nevo speaking to students at Wits University as part of his tour of South Africa" 2952: 2280: 563: 407:

Paul Mackney, the general secretary of NATFHE and who opposed the motion as passed, is quoted after the fact by

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brought forward a proposal to ban Israeli academics from teaching at Ontario Universities. CUPE-Ontario leader

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of Israeli academia, a tactic to threaten the existence of the State of Israel, and also that the campaign is

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UJ press statement released on 30 September 2010 headed "UJ sets conditions for link with Israeli university"

1078: 839: 4002: 2116: 4673: 4508: 4450:"Summers Attacks British Boycott; President links boycott of Israeli academics with trend of anti-semitism" 4255: 1085: 1027: 699:

commented on the reasons behind her support of the academic boycott campaign of the BDS movement stating:

338: 4774: 4754: 1393: 1201: 1089: 918: 631:(AAAS) voted to boycott Israeli universities and academic institutions. It was joined in December by the 130:

By July 2002, the open letter had gained over 700 signatories, including those of ten Israeli academics.

119: 4146: 1385: 1092:(ESU) "to re-evaluate the membership of Israel and support any Palestinian efforts to engage with ESU”. 3275: 1918: 1624: 1300: 1106: 750: 737:"exercise of freedom", while anthropology professor Brinkley Messick indicated that Columbia President 573:

In the spring of 2009, the Association of Academics for the Respect of International Law in Palestine (

555: 546:, a call for an academic boycott in France was published on the web with over 50 signatures, including 530:

between universities and university faculty; asked that, in the context of the preparation of the EU's

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Israel is the only nation ever boycotted by the ASA in the 52 years of the organization's existence.

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The ironic thing, is if we had put this to delegates a couple of weeks ago, before the international

98: 4175:"South African Academics Support the Call for UJ to Terminate Relationship with Israeli Institution" 4127: 2359: 1958: 1718: 601:

reported in 2009 that a group of American professors had joined the boycott call in the wake of the

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President Lee Bollinger in expressing solidarity with them by inviting UCU to boycott us, as well."

255: 164: 113:

respectively, who called for a moratorium on all cultural and research links with Israel. It read:

1871: 4661: 4420: 3217: 3177: 2157:"Joint Hebrew University – Al-Quds University Statement on Academic Cooperation Signed in London" 1335:, specifically the council's implementation of sharply limiting Christian contact with Jews, and 1205: 1193: 305:

After the backlash and condemnation – both internal and external – members of the AUT, headed by

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The group's name is "U.S. Campaign for the Academic & Cultural Boycott of Israel". (USACBI)

3452: 3203: 1906: 1681: 1197: 379: 110: 4367: 1738: 1618: 1081:

officially began supporting the campaign of Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions against Israel.

3877:"CUPE Ontario to recommend support for ban on Israeli academics in response to Gaza bombings" 3529:, edited by Andrew Pessin and Doron S. Ben-Atar, Indiana University Press, 2018, pp. 280-297. 2957: 948: 910: 894: 799: 636: 310: 180: 138: 56: 4099: 3876: 3602:"ACE President Molly Corbett Broad's Statement on Boycotts of Israeli Academic Institutions" 3525:

Rosen, David M. "The Magic of Myth: Fashioning the BDS Narrative in the New Anthropology."

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denounced the policy before it was passed, suggesting that it would limit academic freedom.

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with Lydie Koch-Miramond who had also signed and defended the boycott of Israel in 2002,

468: 224: 220: 188: 172: 160: 2985:"What Does the American Studies Association's Israel Boycott Mean for Academic Freedom?" 2659: 2424: 1889: 1208:

have since confirmed that they have no formal partnerships with institutions in Israel.

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in England and a signatory of the 2002 open letter, removed two Israeli academics – Dr.

4713: 4502: 4260: 4094: 3812: 3646: 3623: 3199:"World in brief – 24 April 2014: United States: ASA's Israel boycott boosts membership" 3185: 3142: 3043: 2452: 2251: 2249:

Judy Siegel, "Leading UK group comes out against proposed academic boycott of Israel",

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attempts to economically isolate Israel and refrain from purchasing "anything Jewish".

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The Association of Jewish Sixthformers "dismayed" by NATFHE boycott, AJ6 Press Release

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imposed by the United States Congress in 1986 and measures by South Africa president

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Collectif Interuniversitaire pour la Coopération avec les Universités Palestiniennes

547: 4641: 4251: 3794: 3716:"Western Kentucky University President Gary Ransdell Denounces Anti-Israel Boycott" 3566: 3161: 3082: 3064: 2799: 2699: 2663: 2606: 2215: 2148: 2087: 1743: 1670: 1438: 1389: 1347: 1284: 1241: 1146: 858: 786:(AAA) chose not to endorse any academic boycott of Israel in 2016. Anthropologist 766: 688: 497: 328: 318: 48: 2833:"For first time, U.S. professors call for academic and cultural boycott of Israel" 2001: 1015:

that his group will begin to advocate for York to sever financial ties to Israel.

4205: 4009: 3990: 3903: 3883: 3487: 3448: 3134: 3095: 2717: 2508:"President Fuhrman Responds to Proposed Boycott of Israeli Academic Institutions" 2366: 2181:"Palestinian university president comes out against boycott of Israeli academics" 1898: 1894: 1890: 1764: 1677: 1332: 1320: 1122: 1008: 878: 862: 720:

Other American academics that have advocated for boycotts against Israel include

306: 106: 745: 4699: 4352: 4216: 4044: 4026: 3542: 3505: 3139:"Some hard questions about the Western European double standard against Israel" 2543:"Verbatim : "Les échanges scientifiques ne sont pas exempts de politique"" 2152: 2035: 1867: 1760: 1316: 1293: 1237: 1154: 1130: 787: 692: 350: 283: 44: 3896: 2871: 4743: 4728: 4646: 4468: 4347: 4312: 3970: 3932: 3926: 3863: 3222:"Scholars' Group to Disclose Result of Vote on an Academic Boycott of Israel" 3182:"Scholars' Group to Disclose Result of Vote on an Academic Boycott of Israel" 3061:"Congressional Letter: Academic Boycott of Israel is 'Thinly Veiled Bigotry'" 2677: 2620: 1844: 1373: 1360: 1220:(Wits SRC) adopted a declaration of academic and cultural boycott of Israel. 1185: 944: 830: 803: 738: 708: 696: 449: 396: 72: 4472: 1379: 237: 4425: 4416: 4225: 4061: 3908: 3756: 3547: 2862:"War of Silence; The intellectual boycott of Israel hits the United States" 2685: 2628: 2530: 2347:"NATFHE motion on proposed boycott of Israeli academics – an AUT statement" 2320: 2285: 2266: 2156: 2121: 1980: 1963: 1914: 1910: 1876: 1863: 1823: 1723: 1328: 1279: 1263: 1141: 1039: 1012: 972: 968:, and many doubt its efficacy as a response to the ASA's boycott movement. 519: 502: 416: 232: 184: 176: 89: 40: 3752:"Major US academic body backs boycott of Israeli educational institutions" 3276:"Declaration of Support for the Boycott of Israeli Academic Institutions" 3100:"Boycott of Israeli universities: A repugnant attack on academic freedom" 2349:, Association of University Teachers, 30 May 2006. Retrieved 9 July 2006. 2028:"Palestinian academics call for international academic boycott of Israel" 2023: 1902: 1340: 1324: 1126: 1118: 808: 754: 123: 94: 60: 4058:"Israel race case: judge questions class action against Sydney academic" 1524: 475:

In 2011, Ronnie Fraser unsuccessfully sued the UCU for violation of the

433:

and thinktanks that regularly work to delegitimise criticisms of Israel.

4308:"Calling Israel an apartheid state is an insult to black South African" 3738:"University Officials and Academic Institutions Respond to ASA Boycott" 2988: 2311: 480: 156: 2762: 2371: 523: 228: 4609:

Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel

3248:"Native American-Studies Group's Leadership Supports Israel Boycott" 2832: 2668: 2643: 2611: 2594: 2417:"British Academic Union passes Motion to consider Boycotting Israel" 118:

institutions, including especially those funded from the EU and the

25:

Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel

4103: 3669:"Dozens of universities reject academic boycott of Israel (update)" 3118:"Dozens of universities reject academic boycott of Israel" (update) 3011:"Council Statement on the Boycott of Israeli Academic Institutions" 2531:

Coordination des Scientifiques pour une Paix Juste au Proche-Orient

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in the academy. ... f academics no longer uphold the principle of

509:

Coordination des Scientifiques pour une Paix Juste au Proche-Orient

259: 3966:"Ontario union's proposed Israeli ban not anti-Semitic: academics" 574: 4132: 3775: 2898:"US scholars' group votes in favor of academic boycott of Israel" 2837: 2185: 1070:(TUI) passed a motion calling for an academic boycott of Israel. 216: 144: 102: 4348:"South African activists tour to reclaim narrative on apartheid" 3790:"House Bill to Slap Financial Penalties on anti-Israel Boycotts" 1303:

recommended cutting off all links with Ben-Gurion University in

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National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education

329:

National Association of Teachers in Further and Higher Education

4667:

Law for Prevention of Damage to State of Israel through Boycott

3554: 1304: 929:, condemned the boycott and distanced themselves from the ASA. 2147: 846:

which represents 62 schools across the US and Canada, and the

3157:"The ASA's Boycott of Israel Is Not as Troubling As It Seems" 2787: 2237:"Britain: lecturers' union boycotts two Israeli universities" 1848:"Much Ado About ... the Academic Boycott of Israel in the UK" 1548:"US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel" 1211: 746:

Opposition and criticism of academic boycotts within the U.S.

578: 4383:"Dore Gold: South Africa 'ready to hear' Israel's arguments" 4100:"Italian academics call for boycott of Israeli universities" 4022:"Court told Dan Avnon not hurt by Jake Lynch's BDS campaign" 3527:

Anti-Zionism on Campus: The University, Free Speech, and BDS

3283: 1465:, edited by Pessin and Ben-Atar, Indiana UP, 2018, pp. 1-40. 1463:

Anti-Zionism on Campus: The University, Free Speech, and BDS

1100: 794:(BDS) movement on the association. Rosen's conclusion was: 656:

quarter-century" and that their organization is "thriving".

151:

Mona Baker § Middle East conflict and Israeli academics

4116:"Academic Boycott of Israel Called by Irish Teachers Union" 3922:"Steve Janke: CUPE pulls Ryan proposal from union web site" 3539:"Harvard insists Israeli shares sale not driven by boycott" 2925:"U.S. academic group votes to boycott Israeli universities" 2885:

US Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel

2448:"Britain's largest academic union cuts ties with Histadrut" 1336: 1172: 500:, around the time of the publication of the open letter in 325:, and that boycotting Israel alone could not be justified. 323:

dialogue and peace effort between Israelis and Palestinians

3562:"Hampshire College cuts ties with fund invested in Israel" 3173: 3171: 3040:"134 members of US Congress denounce ASA's Israel boycott" 2641: 1331:

as a cover for "Jew hatred". They compare the boycotts to

1240:, has argued against academic boycotts of Israel, telling 1157:

also came out in support of the boycott call and wrote in

382:

issued a statement which condemned the motion explaining:

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Statement against the Boycott of Israeli Academics – 2024

371: 4091:"Italian scholars boycott Israeli academic institutions" 3687:"FIU becomes latest college to oppose boycott of Israel" 3442:"Boycott & Divestment Efforts Proliferate on Campus" 1262:

criticism and contentious debate from diverse segments.

424:

Tamara Traubmann and Benjamin Joffe-Walt, reporting for

3168: 1388:" is an independent initiative launched in May 2024 by 4421:"It's water on stone – in the end the stone wears out" 2510:. Teachers College, Columbia University. 19 June 2007. 2058:"The University of Haifa Response to the AUT Decision" 1719:"Israeli university boycott: how a campaign backfired" 842:, an umbrella organisation of 1,800 institutions, the 333:

In May 2006, on the last day of its final conference,

4544: 4177:. University of Johannesburg Petition. Archived from 3984:"Australian University students support BDS campaign" 3358:"AAA Membership Endorses Academic Boycott Resolution" 2953:"Questions roil debate on academic boycott of Israel" 2738:

Quand l'université se réveille, tout devient possible

1950: 1948: 1946: 1658:, Pessin and Ben-Atar, Indiana UP, 2018, pp. 224-235. 1153:

Former South African cabinet minister and ANC leader

663:

In November 2015, the annual business meeting of the

444:

University and College Union § Boycott of Israel

356:

Brian Klug made this criticism of the NATFHE motion:

258:

accused the AUT of purposely holding the vote during

206: 4289:"Wits gives PYA edge in SRC elections, EFF shut out" 3411:"Judith Butler's Remarks to Brooklyn College on BDS" 3270: 3268: 1756: 1754: 1713: 1711: 1709: 1461:Pessin Andrew and Doron S. Ben-Atar. Introduction. 4624:

British Committee for the Universities of Palestine

4411: 4409: 4075:

Israeli"NGO quits BDS case against Sydney academic"

3859:"Ontario union calls for ban on Israeli professors" 3642:"92 universities reject academic boycott of Israel" 2569:"Le boycottage des cerveaux et produits israéliens" 583:

British Committee for the Universities of Palestine

4305: 3886:, Press Release from CUPE Ontario, 5 January 2009. 3055: 3053: 3013:. The American Studies Association. Archived from 1943: 1517:"Call for Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel" 1386:Statement Against the Boycott of Israeli Academics 1339:boycotts of Jewish shops in the 1930s, as well as 3481:"U.S. teachers reject academic boycott of Israel" 3265: 3079:"US academia split over boycott targeting Israel" 1998:"Report to members from the AUT national council" 1872:"British academic boycott of Israel gathers pace" 1751: 1706: 1692: 1690: 1654:Avnon, Dan. "BDS and Self-Righteous Moralists." 1419:Boycotts of Israel#Academic and cultural boycotts 966:First Amendment to the United States Constitution 262:, when many Jewish members could not be present. 79: 4741: 4619:American Studies Association's boycott of Israel 4447: 4406: 4250: 3579: 1880:, 12 December 2002. Retrieved 16 September 2006. 1588:"Israel Palestine Paradoxes of Academic Freedom" 1248:Comparisons to academic boycotts of South Africa 822:American Studies Association's boycott of Israel 537: 3826:"Illinois congressmen submit anti-boycott bill" 3050: 2922: 2644:"Palestinian scientists are already restricted" 1919:"Open Letter: More pressure for Mid East peace" 1232:A prominent Palestinian academic, president of 437: 175:which at the time had a regional branch in the 4286: 4192:"Israeli ties: a chance to do the right thing" 4169: 4167: 3897:"CUPE offices picketed over Ryan boycott call" 3503: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2820: 2439: 1770:"The Contemporary Fight Against anti-Semitism" 1687: 1444:Reactions to Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 1311: 853:Ninety-two university presidents including of 145:Mona Baker, Miriam Shlesinger and Gideon Toury 4652:Amendment No. 28 to the Entry Into Israel Law 4530: 4380: 4326: 4128:"Irish student union endorses Israel boycott" 4040:"Anti-Israeli BDS campaign facing court test" 3771:"U.S. academic group votes to boycott Israel" 3239: 3165:. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2014. 3034: 3032: 2895: 2477:"Lecturers vote to boycott Israeli academics" 2199:"Palestinian academic opposes Israel boycott" 959:Official government responses and legislation 848:American Association of University Professors 811:in the university, neither will anyone else." 671:again voted on the resolution and it passed. 491: 16:Boycott of Israeli universities and academics 4489:The unspoken purpose of the academic boycott 4415: 4246: 4244: 3889: 3636: 3634: 3613: 3611: 1810: 1727:, 20 June 2006. Retrieved 17 September 2006. 1612: 1566: 1564: 779:themselves publicly opposing the movement." 244: 191:– from the editorial boards of the journals 4395: 4164: 3809:"US mulls bill punishing Israel boycotters" 3506:"College Leaders Balance Israel and Speech" 3465:"Penn distances itself from BDS conference" 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3068:10 January 2014 (updated: 14 January 2014.) 2859: 2817: 2375:, 26 May 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2006. 2022: 1935:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 1819:"Israeli boycott movement scores successes" 1703:, 30 May 2006. Retrieved 16 September 2006. 990:In January 2009, the Ontario branch of the 137:, a senior professor in mathematics at the 4604:CUPE Ontario and disinvestment from Israel 4537: 4523: 4329:"Stop using apartheid for your own agenda" 3384:"Middle East Scholars Vote to Endorse BDS" 3216: 3071: 3029: 2763:"Il faut mettre fin à l'impunité d'Israël" 2445: 2360:"Laureates denounce action against Israel" 2234: 1917:; and 115 other academics (6 April 2002). 1717:Tamara Traubmann and Benjamin Joffe-Walt, 1212:Wits SRC adopts academic boycott of Israel 986:CUPE Ontario and disinvestment from Israel 560:Les scientifiques et les droits de l'homme 344: 300: 4594:2017 Humboldt University lecture incident 4511:, American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 4479:, 21 August 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2003. 4241: 4003:"Sydney students call for Israel boycott" 3958: 3939: 3631: 3619:"Top US schools reject boycott of Israel" 3608: 3532: 3333:"Anthropology Group Won't Boycott Israel" 3149: 2667: 2610: 1798:. Timeshighereducation.co.uk. 2 June 2006 1736: 1671:ADL Slams British Academic Boycott Policy 1666: 1664: 1561: 1350:"blasted" the boycotts as "antisemitic": 1290:strict economic sanctions on South Africa 1101:Campaign to boycott Ben-Gurion University 1056:Technion – Israel Institute of Technology 834:academic and cultural boycott of Israel. 47:and oppressive, including oppressing the 4345: 3521: 3519: 3428: 3362:The American Anthropological Association 2979: 2734: 2500: 2395:"Lecturer tells UCU: change or I'll sue" 2281:"Academics vote against Israeli boycott" 2192: 1620:Accountability for Collective Wrongdoing 1173:More SA universities check Israeli links 1046:enough to be able to take for granted". 617: 402: 3947:"CUPE Ontario calls for Israel boycott" 2306: 2304: 2208: 2174: 1403: 1323:argue that boycotts against Israel are 815: 566:, and Roland Lombard, President of the 363:analogy implied by the word "apartheid" 4742: 3330: 3305:Redden, Elizabeth (23 November 2015). 3304: 3210: 2950: 2473: 2328:from the original on 14 September 2006 2228: 2114: 1796:"Times Higher Education, June 2, 2006" 1661: 1474: 1007:, spokesperson for CUPE local 3903 at 629:Association for Asian American Studies 4518: 3516: 1684:, 26 May 2006. Retrieved 16 May 2008. 461:Teachers College, Columbia University 3245: 2923:Valerie Strauss (16 December 2013). 2724:from the original on 30 August 2003. 2488:from the original on 14 October 2019 2310: 2301: 1816: 1648: 1573:. "The academic boycott of Israel", 844:American Association of Universities 784:American Anthropological Association 669:American Anthropological Association 665:American Anthropological Association 4287:Roxanne Joseph (4 September 2014). 4256:"More varsities check Israel links" 4147:"USI Votes to Support BDS Campaign" 3730: 3679: 3458: 3189:(online edition), 15 December 2013. 2595:"Don't boycott Israel's scientists" 2378: 1959:"Israeli boycott divides academics" 1852:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 1697:"Lecturers call for Israel boycott" 1475:Keller, Uri Yacobi (October 2009). 650:military aid to the state of Israel 593: 13: 4327:Lesiba Bapela (21 February 2016). 4306:Leon Jamaine Mithi (10 May 2016). 3710: 3504:Naomi Zeveloff (17 January 2012). 3408: 2896:Maya Shwayder (16 December 2013). 2718:"Communiqué de la paix maintenant" 2068:from the original on 27 April 2008 1545: 992:Canadian Union of Public Employees 792:Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions 581:and with the British organization 282:One of the university presidents, 265:The presidents of Jerusalem-based 213:Association of University Teachers 207:Association of University Teachers 23:was launched in April 2004 by the 14: 4791: 4750:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4546:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4496: 3331:Redden, Elizabeth (7 June 2016). 3252:The Chronicle of Higher Education 2830: 2216:"Academics back Israeli boycotts" 2129:from the original on 16 June 2008 1767:in The Times Online 13 June 2007 1575:Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 1424:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 1254:Academic boycotts of South Africa 691:in 2013 with BDS founding member 542:In March 2009, shortly after the 252:Board of Deputies of British Jews 211:On 22 April 2005, the Council of 66: 29:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions 4482: 4462: 4448:Paras D. Bhayani (5 June 2006). 4441: 4374: 4360: 4339: 4320: 4299: 4280: 4268: 4232: 4210: 4185: 4139: 4121: 4109: 4084: 4068: 4051: 4033: 4015: 3996: 3977: 3915: 3870: 3851: 3837: 3604:. American Council on Education. 3580:Paras D. Bhayani (2 June 2006). 3307:"Big Night for Boycott Movement" 1909:; Juliette Frey; Nora Frontali; 1218:Students' Representative Council 1216:On 27 July 2012 Wits University 1140:On 26 September 2010 Archbishop 588: 391:The British government, through 199:. Subsequently, Baker said that 133:In response to the open letter, 4381:Raphael Ahren (14 March 2016). 4221:"South Africa's Israel boycott" 3964:Katie Daubs and Lee Greenberg, 3818: 3801: 3782: 3763: 3744: 3704: 3661: 3594: 3573: 3497: 3474: 3402: 3388:Middle East Studies Association 3376: 3350: 3324: 3298: 3192: 3128: 3110: 3089: 3003: 2973: 2951:Schoof, Renee (17 March 2014). 2944: 2916: 2889: 2878: 2853: 2792: 2781: 2755: 2728: 2710: 2692: 2635: 2587: 2561: 2535: 2524: 2514: 2474:Garner, Richard (31 May 2007). 2467: 2409: 2387: 2352: 2340: 2273: 2258: 2243: 2141: 2108: 2080: 2050: 2016: 1990: 1970: 1883: 1857: 1838: 1788: 1730: 1107:University of Johannesburg (UJ) 1095: 763:American Federation of Teachers 727: 676:Middle East Studies Association 622: 516:EU-Israel association agreement 393:Foreign and Commonwealth Office 4503:The Ethics of Academic Boycott 4275:"Wits students boycott Israel" 2161:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1606: 1580: 1539: 1509: 1468: 1455: 695:, prominent American academic 603:2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict 271:Hebrew University of Jerusalem 179:settlement, a former chair of 1: 4684:Ministry of Strategic Affairs 4505:, University of Chicago Press 2961:. McClatchy Washington Bureau 2860:Erin Sheley (19 March 2009). 2115:Curtis, Polly (24 May 2005). 1817:Ward, Olivia (20 July 2015). 1449: 1073:Following a referendum among 840:American Council on Education 538:Following Operation Cast Lead 197:Translation Studies Abstracts 43:, which proponents argue are 4674:Creative Community for Peace 1977:Mona Baker's double standard 1227: 1086:Union of Students in Ireland 1077:students in March 2014, the 1028:University of Western Sydney 1021: 682: 633:American Studies Association 564:Mireille Fanon-Mendès-France 459:Susan Fuhrman, President of 438:University and College Union 339:University and College Union 19:The current campaign for an 7: 4760:Foreign relations of Israel 4473:"No, it's not anti-semitic" 3718:. The Recovering politician 2575:(in French). 1 October 2002 2549:(in French). 6 January 2003 1412: 1333:the 1222 Canterbury Council 1312:Accusations of antisemitism 1299:In 2010, the Senate of the 1202:University of KwaZulu-Natal 1111:Ben-Gurion University (BGU) 973:Representative Alan Grayson 919:Western Kentucky University 850:all condemned the boycott. 790:studied the effects of the 120:European Science Foundation 10: 4796: 4614:Academic boycott of Israel 2735:Béréziat, Gilbert (2008). 2446:Jonny Paul (2 June 2010). 2239:. World Socialist Website. 1625:Cambridge University Press 1301:University of Johannesburg 1251: 1144:released a letter through 1079:NUI Galway Students' Union 1061: 983: 819: 751:University of Pennsylvania 496:In April 2002, during the 492:During the Second Intifada 454:London School of Economics 441: 219:two Israeli universities: 148: 21:academic boycott of Israel 4724:Occupied Territories Bill 4719:Disinvestment from Israel 4692: 4634: 4582: 4552: 4346:Andy Ngo (7 April 2016). 4079:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3492:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 3469:Jewish Telegraphic Agency 2769:(in French). 3 March 2009 2700:Universities under Curfew 2365:27 September 2007 at the 2235:Rick Kelly (2 May 2005). 1676:25 September 2012 at the 1484:Economy of the Occupation 1429:Disinvestment from Israel 1068:Teachers Union of Ireland 979: 923:University of Connecticut 782:After fierce debate, the 486: 245:Condemnation and backlash 109:and social policy at the 4765:Scientific controversies 3968:, Canwest News Service, 3955:(CJN), 26 February 2009. 3447:13 February 2011 at the 2741:(in French). Harmattan. 2316:"Spare us the analogies" 1737:Editorial (6 May 2005). 1049: 927:University of Washington 256:Union of Jewish Students 183:, Israel; and Professor 165:University of Manchester 4770:Education controversies 4662:Israel Anti-Boycott Act 4370:. Embassy of Israel SA. 4118:(Rabble, April 4, 2013) 3930:, 14 January 2009. The 3902:13 October 2012 at the 3824:Rebecca Shimoni Stoil, 3788:Lori Lowenthal Marcus, 3059:Lori Lowenthal Marcus, 1206:Stellenbosch University 1194:University of Cape Town 1090:European Students Union 532:Sixth Framework Program 345:Criticism of the NATFHE 301:Cancellation of boycott 27:(PACBI) as part of the 4477:London Review of Books 4204:2 October 2010 at the 4012:, Jwire, 8 March 2009. 4008:23 August 2010 at the 3486:5 October 2011 at the 3453:Anti-Defamation League 3204:Times Higher Education 3077:Marcella Bombardieri, 1985:Times Higher Education 1907:Jean-Marc Levy-Leblond 1739:"Facing Up to the AUT" 1682:Anti-Defamation League 1656:Anti-Zionism on Campus 1370: 1357: 1198:University of Pretoria 813: 776: 718: 706: 612: 558:, coauthor in 2003 of 473: 435: 422: 389: 380:Anti-Defamation League 367: 280: 128: 111:University of Bradford 4509:Israel and the Campus 4181:on 27 September 2010. 3494:(JTA), 12 March 2009. 2958:The Bellingham Herald 2605:(6884): 1. May 2002. 2289:. London. 26 May 2005 1365: 1352: 1084:In December 2022 the 949:World Jewish Congress 800:University of Chicago 796: 771: 713: 701: 687:In a speech given at 637:Matthew Frye Jacobson 618:Support and successes 607: 556:Académie des sciences 524:democratic principles 465: 430: 413: 403:Response to criticism 384: 358: 275: 181:Amnesty International 139:University of Chicago 115: 57:collective punishment 4419:(12 December 2002). 4229:, 29 September 2010. 4081:(JTA), 10 July 2014. 3989:18 June 2009 at the 3952:Canadian Jewish News 3455:(ADL), 8 April 2009. 3220:(15 December 2013). 2270:, 31 March 2005, 22. 2255:, 15 April 2005, 05. 1627:. pp. 215–218. 1577:, 2 (2), 45–56, 2008 1404:Reception and impact 1036:University of Sydney 816:Criticism of the ASA 724:and Simona Sawhney. 155:In early June 2002, 4679:Maccabee Task Force 4599:Boycott from Within 4455:The Harvard Crimson 4388:The Times of Israel 4261:Mail & Guardian 3882:6 July 2011 at the 3857:Vanessa Kortekaas, 3831:The Times of Israel 3815:, 19 February 2014. 3779:, 16 December 2013. 3760:, 17 December 2013. 3673:The Washington Post 3587:The Harvard Crimson 3570:, 12 February 2009. 3218:Pérez-Peña, Richard 3125:, 23 December 2013. 3122:The Washington Post 3107:, 19 December 2013. 3086:, 25 December 2013. 2983:(6 December 2013). 2930:The Washington Post 2867:The Weekly Standard 2660:2002Natur.417..221A 2088:"BBC 20 April 2005" 2062:University of Haifa 1987:, February 7, 2003. 1398:Helmut Walser Smith 1115:Breyten Breytenbach 947:, president of the 938:Lawrence H. Summers 915:University of Miami 899:New York University 761:In March 2009, the 674:In March 2022, the 627:In April 2013, the 469:Columbia University 321:, the hampering of 225:Bar-Ilan University 221:University of Haifa 189:Tel Aviv University 173:Bar-Ilan University 161:translation studies 4775:Education scandals 4755:Boycotts of Israel 4714:Boycotts of Israel 4710:(documentary film) 4562:List of supporters 4333:The Jerusalem Post 4254:(1 October 2010). 4151:universitytimes.ie 4097:, January 30, 2016 4065:, 12 February 2014 3834:, 7 February 2014. 3798:, 6 February 2014. 3750:Harriet Sherwood, 3647:The Jerusalem Post 3624:The Jerusalem Post 3545:, 16 August 2010, 3226:The New York Times 3186:The New York Times 3178:Richard Pérez-Peña 3155:Greenberg, David. 3143:The Jerusalem Post 3047:, 19 January 2014. 3044:The Jerusalem Post 2981:Goldberg, Michelle 2902:The Jerusalem Post 2800:"Mission - AURDIP" 2705:Notices of the AMS 2453:The Jerusalem Post 2252:The Jerusalem Post 2032:Birzeit University 2004:on 30 January 2006 1955:Suzanne Goldenberg 1594:on 2 February 2014 1434:Boycotts of Israel 1346:Harvard President 1296:in 1989 and 1990. 1234:Al-Quds University 1066:In April 2013 the 932:Harvard president 828:Harvard University 645:The New York Times 288:al-Quds University 267:al-Quds University 4737: 4736: 4657:Combating BDS Act 4557:List of opponents 4048:, 31 October 2013 3974:, 6 January 2009. 3912:, 9 January 2009. 3867:, 5 January 2009. 3564:, Peter Schworm, 3471:, 5 January 2012. 3116:Valerie Strauss, 3104:Los Angeles Times 2748:978-2-296-06499-7 2654:(6886): 221–222. 2159:(Press release). 1957:, Will Woodward, 1776:on 26 August 2009 1497:on 13 August 2013 934:Drew Gilpin Faust 903:Dartmouth College 477:Equality Act 2010 417:pro-Israeli lobby 349:A group of eight 169:Miriam Shlesinger 159:, a professor of 83:open letter, 2002 51:of Palestinians. 4787: 4780:Academic freedom 4642:AMCHA Initiative 4539: 4532: 4525: 4516: 4515: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4445: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4413: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4303: 4297: 4296: 4284: 4278: 4272: 4266: 4265: 4252:David Macfarlane 4248: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4214: 4208: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4171: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4157: 4143: 4137: 4136:, 7 March 2014 . 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4106:January 29, 2016 4088: 4082: 4072: 4066: 4055: 4049: 4037: 4031: 4019: 4013: 4000: 3994: 3981: 3975: 3962: 3956: 3943: 3937: 3919: 3913: 3893: 3887: 3874: 3868: 3855: 3849: 3848: 3841: 3835: 3822: 3816: 3805: 3799: 3795:The Jewish Press 3786: 3780: 3767: 3761: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3712:Miller, Jonathan 3708: 3702: 3701: 3699: 3697: 3683: 3677: 3676: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3638: 3629: 3628: 3615: 3606: 3605: 3598: 3592: 3591: 3577: 3571: 3567:The Boston Globe 3560:Schworm, Peter. 3558: 3552: 3536: 3530: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3501: 3495: 3478: 3472: 3462: 3456: 3439: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3409:Butler, Judith. 3406: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3337:Inside Higher Ed 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3311:Inside Higher Ed 3302: 3296: 3295: 3293: 3291: 3286:on 27 March 2014 3282:. Archived from 3272: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3246:DeSantis, Nick. 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3214: 3208: 3207:, 24 April 2014. 3196: 3190: 3175: 3166: 3162:The New Republic 3153: 3147: 3132: 3126: 3114: 3108: 3093: 3087: 3083:The Boston Globe 3075: 3069: 3065:The Jewish Press 3057: 3048: 3036: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3017:on 18 March 2014 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2893: 2887: 2882: 2876: 2875: 2874:on 13 June 2016. 2870:. Archived from 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831:Ahren, Raphael. 2828: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2796: 2790: 2785: 2779: 2778: 2776: 2774: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2732: 2726: 2725: 2714: 2708: 2707:, December 2002. 2696: 2690: 2689: 2671: 2639: 2633: 2632: 2614: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2539: 2533: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2512: 2511: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2495: 2493: 2479: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2443: 2437: 2436: 2434: 2432: 2423:. 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Archived from 1584: 1578: 1568: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1554: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1532: 1527:on 26 March 2019 1523:. Archived from 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1496: 1490:. Archived from 1481: 1472: 1466: 1459: 1439:New antisemitism 1274:Others, such as 1242:Associated Press 1184:vice-chancellor 1147:The Sunday Times 971:On 30 May 2014, 945:Ronald S. Lauder 767:Randi Weingarten 689:Brooklyn College 594:Boycott campaign 498:Al-Aqsa Intifada 319:academic freedom 101:, professors in 49:academic freedom 4795: 4794: 4790: 4789: 4788: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4733: 4688: 4630: 4587: 4585: 4578: 4548: 4543: 4499: 4494: 4487: 4483: 4467: 4463: 4446: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4414: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4379: 4375: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4344: 4340: 4325: 4321: 4304: 4300: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4249: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4215: 4211: 4206:Wayback Machine 4200:(South Africa) 4190: 4186: 4173: 4172: 4165: 4155: 4153: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4098: 4089: 4085: 4073: 4069: 4056: 4052: 4038: 4034: 4030:, 14 March 2014 4020: 4016: 4010:Wayback Machine 4001: 3997: 3991:Wayback Machine 3982: 3978: 3963: 3959: 3944: 3940: 3920: 3916: 3904:Wayback Machine 3895:Emily Mathieu, 3894: 3890: 3884:Wayback Machine 3875: 3871: 3856: 3852: 3847:. Congress.gov. 3843: 3842: 3838: 3823: 3819: 3807:David Francis, 3806: 3802: 3787: 3783: 3768: 3764: 3749: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3709: 3705: 3695: 3693: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3640: 3639: 3632: 3617: 3616: 3609: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3578: 3574: 3559: 3555: 3537: 3533: 3524: 3517: 3502: 3498: 3488:Wayback Machine 3479: 3475: 3463: 3459: 3449:Wayback Machine 3440: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3391: 3390:. 23 March 2022 3382: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3329: 3325: 3315: 3313: 3303: 3299: 3289: 3287: 3274: 3273: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3215: 3211: 3197: 3193: 3176: 3169: 3154: 3150: 3135:Alan Dershowitz 3133: 3129: 3115: 3111: 3096:Michael S. Roth 3094: 3090: 3076: 3072: 3058: 3051: 3038:Maya Shwayder, 3037: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2978: 2974: 2964: 2962: 2949: 2945: 2935: 2933: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2894: 2890: 2883: 2879: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2829: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2798: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2770: 2761: 2760: 2756: 2749: 2733: 2729: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2697: 2693: 2669:10.1038/417221c 2640: 2636: 2612:10.1038/417001a 2593: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2567: 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2541: 2540: 2536: 2529: 2525: 2519: 2515: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2482:The Independent 2472: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2444: 2440: 2430: 2428: 2427:on 13 July 2011 2415: 2414: 2410: 2400: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2367:Wayback Machine 2357: 2353: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2314:(30 May 2006). 2309: 2302: 2292: 2290: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2263: 2259: 2248: 2244: 2233: 2229: 2214: 2213: 2209: 2197: 2193: 2179: 2175: 2165: 2163: 2155:(19 May 2005). 2146: 2142: 2132: 2130: 2113: 2109: 2099: 2097: 2096:. 20 April 2005 2086: 2085: 2081: 2071: 2069: 2064:. 15 May 2008. 2056: 2055: 2051: 2041: 2039: 2026:(7 July 2004). 2021: 2017: 2007: 2005: 1996: 1995: 1991: 1975: 1971: 1953: 1944: 1928: 1927: 1899:Colin Blakemore 1895:Richard Dawkins 1891:Patrick Bateson 1888: 1884: 1862: 1858: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1815: 1811: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1789: 1779: 1777: 1768: 1765:Alan Dershowitz 1759: 1752: 1735: 1731: 1716: 1707: 1695: 1688: 1678:Wayback Machine 1669: 1662: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1615:Vernon, Richard 1613:Isaacs, Tracy; 1611: 1607: 1597: 1595: 1586: 1585: 1581: 1569: 1562: 1552: 1550: 1544: 1540: 1530: 1528: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1479: 1473: 1469: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1415: 1406: 1382: 1321:Alan Dershowitz 1314: 1256: 1250: 1230: 1214: 1182:Wits University 1175: 1123:Mahmood Mamdani 1103: 1098: 1064: 1052: 1024: 1009:York University 988: 982: 961: 824: 818: 748: 730: 685: 625: 620: 596: 591: 552:Gérard Toulouse 540: 494: 489: 446: 440: 405: 351:Nobel laureates 347: 331: 307:Open University 303: 247: 215:(AUT) voted to 209: 153: 147: 107:Open University 85: 69: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4793: 4783: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4703: 4700:Omar Barghouti 4696: 4694: 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4670: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4632: 4631: 4629: 4628: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4590: 4588: 4583: 4580: 4579: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4559: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4542: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4506: 4498: 4497:External links 4495: 4493: 4492: 4481: 4461: 4440: 4405: 4394: 4373: 4359: 4353:Daily Vanguard 4338: 4319: 4298: 4279: 4267: 4240: 4231: 4217:Ronnie Kasrils 4209: 4184: 4163: 4138: 4120: 4108: 4083: 4067: 4050: 4045:The Australian 4032: 4027:The Australian 4014: 3995: 3976: 3957: 3938: 3914: 3888: 3869: 3850: 3836: 3817: 3800: 3781: 3762: 3743: 3729: 3703: 3678: 3660: 3630: 3607: 3593: 3572: 3553: 3543:Ewen MacAskill 3531: 3515: 3496: 3473: 3457: 3427: 3401: 3375: 3364:. 24 July 2023 3349: 3323: 3297: 3264: 3238: 3209: 3191: 3167: 3148: 3146:12 March 2014. 3127: 3109: 3088: 3070: 3049: 3028: 3002: 2972: 2943: 2915: 2888: 2877: 2852: 2816: 2804:www.aurdip.org 2791: 2780: 2754: 2747: 2727: 2709: 2691: 2634: 2586: 2560: 2534: 2523: 2513: 2499: 2466: 2438: 2408: 2386: 2377: 2358:Steve Farrar, 2351: 2339: 2300: 2272: 2257: 2242: 2227: 2207: 2191: 2189:) 18 June 2006 2173: 2153:Sari Nusseibeh 2140: 2107: 2079: 2049: 2038:on 18 May 2005 2015: 1989: 1969: 1942: 1882: 1868:Ewen MacAskill 1856: 1854:, 14 June 2015 1837: 1809: 1787: 1761:Anthony Julius 1750: 1729: 1705: 1686: 1660: 1647: 1633: 1605: 1579: 1560: 1538: 1508: 1467: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1426: 1421: 1414: 1411: 1405: 1402: 1394:Daniel Siemens 1381: 1378: 1327:, using their 1317:Anthony Julius 1313: 1310: 1294:F. 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