487:
Ethiopia for the errors and atrocities of their regime. The
Patriarch approached the government with the idea that as the now aging members of the former communist junta were contrite and seeking forgiveness, the government should grant them clemency. On 1 June 2011, President Girma Wolde Giorgis of Ethiopia announced that the death sentences imposed on the top Derg members had been commuted to life sentences. As under Ethiopian law, a life sentence is equated to 25 years, both those previously sentenced to death and those imprisoned for life and lesser sentences were all immediately freed. This act immediately caused significant uproar among many of the survivors of Derg imprisonment, the family members of those killed during Derg rule and other opponents of Derg rule. The organization of survivors of victims of the Red Terror voiced their opposition and sent a letter of protest to the Patriarch. Members of the families of the 60 ex-officials of Emperor Haile Selassie's government executed without trial on 23 November 1974, as well as some members of the Imperial family met with Abune Paulos as well to make their views known. They believed that a commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment was not as objectionable, but that the release of people responsible for mass killings, torture, imprisonment without trial, and gross abuse of power was a great injustice. The Patriarch counseled these groups that it was the duty of Christians to forgive, especially those who voiced contrition. The groups opposed to the Derg pardon came away from the incident blaming Abune Paulos, but certain prominent members of the group, such as Mulugeta Aserate (son of Prince
374:-led government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and its supporters, while his opponents maintain that the Patriarch abdicated following numerous protests against him by the faithful. His attempt to reverse his abdication was refused by the Holy Synod of the Church which authorized a new Patriarchal election. Abune Paulos was elected in 1992, and Abune Merkorios and his supporters went into exile, establishing a rival synod in the United States. The enthronement of Abune Paulos as Patriarch was fully recognized by all the canonical
527:
urging
Ethiopian lawmakers to endorse a ban on homosexual activity in the constitution. The religious figures attributed a rise in sexual attacks on children and young men to the vice of homosexuality. Abuna Paulos went on to say, "This is something very strange in Ethiopia, the land of the Bible that condemns this very strongly. For people to act in this manner they have to be dumb, stupid like animals. We strongly condemn this behaviour. They (homosexuals) have to be disciplined and their acts discriminated, they have to be given a lesson."
1303:
523:
Prince was subsequently revealed as not being a recognized member of the former
Imperial family, but rather a person claiming to be the illegitimate son of the late prince. The involvement of the Duke of Aosta in the affair was also called into question. The cornerstone for a museum at Axum was indeed laid by Patriarch Abune Paulos, but there are no plans to display or house the Ark of the Covenant there.
69:
486:
An act of Abune Paulos that caused much controversy was his advocacy of a pardon for the members of the Derg regime imprisoned in
Ethiopia. The members of the Derg had asked the Patriarch to facilitate an opportunity for them to appear in the national press to ask for forgiveness from the people of
482:
Abune Paulos implemented a proposal to build a
University in Entoto that would help to commemorate the millennium according to the Ethiopian calendar. This University is intended to be a study and research center in Entoto Debre Hayl Saint Raguel Church. The Holy Synod and Abune Paulos appealed for
522:
in
Ethiopia, would be unveiled to the public to view for the first time in history in a museum being built in Axum. The announcement was never made; instead the Patriarch immediately denied that any such event had ever been planned. The person that the Italian press had identified as the Ethiopian
396:
During his office, much urban property that had been taken from the church was returned, most notably the return of the campus and the library of Holy
Trinity Theological College, and the College was reopened. Abuna Paulos built a new Patriarchal office and residence complex at the site of the old
353:
communist junta, all five men were arrested, and the
Patriarch was eventually executed. Abune Paulos and his fellow bishops were imprisoned until 1983. Abune Paulos returned to Princeton in 1984 to complete his doctoral degree there, and began his life as an exile. He was elevated to the rank of
612:
that has been labeled as a genocide by
Western critics. Abune Paulos said “No one loves Africa more than Africans.” The Patriarch stated that finding an "African solution" is significant to curb problems of the continent. He also held talks with senior government officials and religious leaders
573:
Abune Paulos was a scholar and peace advocate and a former exile in the United States who has worked on reconciliation between
Ethiopia and Eritrea. Patriarch Abune Paulos and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church were also involved in the support of war-displaced and drought-hit Ethiopians, making the
526:
His attitude towards homosexual Ethiopians remains orthodox. In December 2008, he was one of nearly a dozen Ethiopian religious figures (including the leader of Ethiopian Muslim Majlis Council and the heads of the Protestant and Catholic churches) who adopted a resolution against homosexuality,
401:
when that country declared independence. Abune Paulos also took the initiative to the series of peace meetings between all Ethiopian and Eritrean religious leaders in 1998, 1999 and 2000 in an effort to bring peace between the two countries in response to a bitterly fought
624:
assembly. Abune Paulos was one of the rare exceptionally educated Patriarchs in Ethiopian history because he had completed various degrees and received his doctoral degree at prestigious institutions. Abune Paulos was one of the seven presidents of WCC as well.
557:, where he died early in the following morning. Although Lij Mulugeta said that he could not confirm the cause of death, Patriarch Abune Paulos was known to have suffered from hypertension and diabetes. Ethiopians were stunned to learn that Prime Minister
498:, Catholicos of the East and Malankara Metropolitan in December 2008, strengthened the communion of Ethiopian and Malankara Orthodox Churches. On 26 June 2009, the Italian press claimed that Abune Paulos along with a man claiming to be a son of the late
406:. Patriarch Abune Paulos and the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church were extensively involved in the support of war-displaced and drought-hit Ethiopians, making the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church one of the major relief organizations in the country.
349:. He was anointed a bishop along with four others, assuming the name and style of Abune Paulos, and given responsibility for ecumenical affairs by the Patriarch. But because the Patriarch had named these new bishops without the permission of the new
918:
397:
one, and reformed the bureaucracy of the Patriarchate. He travelled widely, strengthening the ties of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church with other sister churches. He reluctantly acquiesced to the breaking away of the
564:
Paulos was buried at Addis Ababa's Holy Trinity Cathedral on 23 August 2012. Several thousand people, as well as representatives from other churches, diplomats, and government officials, attended the state funeral.
317:
near the town, and he entered the monastery as a young boy as a deacon trainee, eventually taking monastic orders and being ordained a priest. Then known as Abba Gebre Medhin, he continued his education at the
549:, and a member of a cadet branch of Ethiopia's deposed Imperial family, noted that Abune Paulos had been in good health the previous day and had led a church service. He later felt ill and was taken to
491:
who was executed with the 60 ex-officials on 23 November 1974) wrote articles supporting the Patriarch's promotion of forgiveness and national reconciliation, and applauded the pardon.
922:
747:
1362:
443:. These carvings, supposedly so sacred that only ordained priests may look at them, were taken by British troops in 1868 during the rescue of the hostages imprisoned by the Emperor
428:
in 2004. He also presided over the funerals of the 60 ex-officials of the Imperial government in 1993, and the funeral of the leading opposition leader of the time, Professor
892:
748:"Gallery Images: Visit of Patriarch of Ethiopia (Abune Paulos) to St. TaklaHaymanot Church, Alex صور زيارة بطريرك الحبشة أبونا باولص لكنيسة الأنبا تكلاهيمانوت بالإسكندرية"
1124:
637:
Abune Paulos was a Knight Grand Collar of The Order of The Eagle of Georgia and The Seamless Tunic of our Lord Jesus Christ, an order of the Royal family of Georgia.
1106:
1347:
574:
Church one of the major "relief organisations" in the country. His peace efforts and humanitarian work were the main reasons for his being chosen to receive the
689:
539:
on 16 August 2012. The foreign ministry reported that he had been "receiving treatment over the past week for an undisclosed illness." An opposition website,
947:
370:, was dethroned in circumstances that remain under dispute. Patriarch Abune Merkorios and his supporters maintain that he was forced from office by the new
1342:
467:
of Egypt. This visit re-established the relationship between the Ethiopian and Coptic Church after time of separation. Abune Paulos visited some of the
507:
550:
254:
634:, the world's largest and most representative multi-religious coalition, advancing common action among the world's religious communities for peace.
416:
The Patriarch continually championed the cause of the many victims of the Derg regime. Patriarch Abune Paulos presided over the funerals of Emperor
1225:
1367:
1337:
331:
1079:
281:
from 1992 to his death in 2012. His full title was "His Holiness Abuna Paulos, Fifth Patriarch of the Orthodox Tewahido Church of Ethiopia,
731:
554:
800:
821:
1014:
409:
In 1995, Abuna Paulos asked for the faithful to fulfill their religious obligations by contributing their share to the restoration of
444:
1372:
994:
978:
319:
250:
503:
1218:
456:
410:
382:
613:
during his five-day working visit to Khartoum and called for religious leaders to strengthen their efforts towards peace.
413:. He led a Fundraising Committee of 15 people which was established to work within the country and abroad on the project.
1357:
1238:
1175:
1157:
1103:
278:
137:
86:
48:
771:
545:, reported that he had died of a heart attack. Lij Mulugeta Aserate Kassa, an adviser at the Ethiopian embassy in the
1195:
686:
579:
398:
146:
955:
1332:
1211:
519:
483:
the faithful to protect church heritages with a view to enabling them to be transferred to the next generation.
335:
258:
471:
associations in Egypt, and on 15 July, he visited a Coptic Egyptian Church named after an Ethiopian Saint
590:
586:
1234:
1203:
1171:
1153:
869:
646:
403:
233:
366:
Following the fall of the Derg in 1991, the then Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church,
1352:
1191:
1128:
617:
448:
294:
495:
728:
804:
274:
39:
1030:
1011:
314:
1327:
1322:
1265:
951:
425:
355:
313:; his birth name was Gebre Medhin Wolde Yohannes. His family was long associated with the
8:
826:
630:
515:
488:
447:. In March 2006, Abune Paulos was elected to serve as one of the seven presidents of the
440:
184:
180:
1137:
589:(the highest honorary award given by Indian Orthodox Church) by Catholicos of the East
375:
237:
975:
843:
835:
594:
464:
1179:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1257:
665:
541:
342:
327:
1273:
1181:
1146:
1110:
1018:
982:
735:
693:
499:
367:
310:
142:
123:
345:, and returned to Addis Ababa shortly after the revolution that toppled Emperor
1249:
605:
546:
472:
435:
Abuna Paulos also found success after he asked a British Museum to return ten "
429:
420:
in 2000 (even in the face of government hostility to this event), Crown Prince
417:
346:
286:
60:
1316:
1289:
1167:
839:
609:
421:
189:
133:
847:
705:
779:
575:
558:
378:
23:
1186:
919:"Forgiving, Not Forgetting, in Pardoning Convicted Former Derg Officials"
536:
323:
212:
1233:
1054:
772:"wfn.org | WCC NEWS: Coptic & Ethiopian Orthodox churches reconcile"
334:
in the United States, and afterwards joined the doctoral program at the
831:
476:
386:
245:
43:
16:
Patriarch of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church from 1992 to 2012
341:
In 1974, his education was interrupted by a summons from Patriarch
223:
193:
1302:
621:
608:
of Sudan in Khartoum to try to find a peaceful solution to the
452:
282:
74:
56:
68:
598:
460:
436:
390:
371:
27:
948:"Ethiopian clerics seek constitutional ban on homosexuality"
999:
www.notknowingyourhistoryisnotknowingyourself.wordpress.com
620:(WCC) and the Faith and Order commission, and attended the
511:
468:
350:
306:
290:
176:
96:
52:
1363:
Recipients of the Order of Saint Lazarus (statuted 1910)
1055:"World Council of Churches — World Council of Churches"
1031:"World Council of Churches — World Council of Churches"
1080:"Abune Paulos: Religious leader and peace activist"
912:
910:
616:He served as a member of central committee of the
585:On 30 December 2008, Abune Paulos was awarded the
561:had also died only four days after the Patriarch.
816:
814:
273:; 3 November 1936 – 16 August 2012) was the
1314:
942:
940:
907:
628:Abune Paulos served as an Honorary President of
553:, according to an independent Orthodox website,
604:Patriarch Abune Paulos also met with President
293:and one of the seven serving Presidents of the
1348:Theological College of the Holy Trinity alumni
811:
666:"Ethiopian church patriarch Abune Paulos dies"
518:, which has supposedly been kept in secret at
255:Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary
1219:
937:
658:
455:. On 13 July 2007, Abune Paulos visited the
332:St. Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary
893:"A Rightful Conviction and Wrongful Pardon"
1343:21st-century Oriental Orthodox archbishops
1226:
1212:
568:
67:
870:"Ethiopia Pardons 23 Top Derg Officials"
320:Theological College of the Holy Trinity
251:Theological College of the Holy Trinity
1368:20th-century Oriental Orthodox bishops
1338:Ethiopian Oriental Orthodox Christians
1315:
1077:
1207:
916:
890:
867:
494:His ecumenical trip to India to meet
514:with the announcement that the true
457:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
383:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria
891:Gebru, Samuel M. (6 October 2011).
13:
1239:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1176:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1158:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
921:. Addisfortune.com. Archived from
279:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
87:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
14:
1384:
1196:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1118:
580:UN High Commissioner for Refugees
399:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
326:under the patronage of Patriarch
1301:
917:Kassa, Mulugeta Aserate (2007).
1097:
1071:
1047:
1023:
1005:
987:
969:
884:
1373:Nansen Refugee Award laureates
1012:Abune Paulos talks about Sudan
861:
793:
764:
740:
729:Tabots from the British Museum
722:
698:
680:
591:HH Baselios Marthoma Didymos I
336:Princeton Theological Seminary
330:. He was sent to study at the
259:Princeton Theological Seminary
1:
652:
300:
1078:Childs, David (2012-08-28).
954:. 2008-12-22. Archived from
868:Abiye, Yonas (1 June 2011).
506:, would come forward at the
361:
7:
1104:Order Distinguished Members
1017:September 27, 2007, at the
981:September 28, 2007, at the
822:"His Holiness Abune Paulos"
640:
439:" containing images of the
10:
1389:
668:. BBC News. 16 August 2012
647:List of abunas of Ethiopia
475:Coptic Orthodox Church in
1358:Ethiopian anti-communists
1299:
1245:
1164:
1151:
1143:
1136:
1129:World Council of Churches
1109:January 11, 2016, at the
618:World Council of Churches
502:, Duke of Harar and Duke
449:World Council of Churches
305:Abune Paulos was born in
295:World Council of Churches
271:Gebremedhin Woldeyohannes
244:
229:
219:
202:
163:Gebremedhin Woldeyohannes
158:
153:
129:
119:
111:
103:
92:
82:
66:
38:
21:
1138:Oriental Orthodox titles
976:Paulos profile and award
530:
496:Baselios Thoma Didymos I
381:Churches, including the
358:in 1986 while in exile.
354:Archbishop by Patriarch
569:Achievements and awards
451:, during its summit in
1333:Patriarchs of Ethiopia
895:. Smgebru.blogspot.com
801:"University in Entoto"
710:www.ethiopiancrown.org
411:Holy Trinity Cathedral
995:"Order Of St. Thomas"
606:Omar Hassan Al-Bashir
535:Abune Paulos died in
315:Abba Garima Monastery
1001:. 16 September 2018.
687:Princeton University
426:Princess Tenagnework
356:Abune Takla Haymanot
285:of the see of Saint
958:on February 9, 2009
827:The Daily Telegraph
631:Religions for Peace
587:Order of St. Thomas
516:Ark of the Covenant
441:Ark of the Covenant
185:Italian East Africa
181:Eritrea Governorate
77:celebration in 2005
834:. 30 August 2012.
734:2007-09-27 at the
692:2007-09-27 at the
520:St. Mary's of Zion
238:Ethiopian Tewahedo
234:Oriental Orthodoxy
1310:
1309:
1202:
1201:
1165:Succeeded by
706:"Negarit On-Line"
595:Parumala Seminary
465:Pope Shenouda III
264:
263:
1380:
1353:People from Adwa
1305:
1294:
1286:
1278:
1270:
1262:
1254:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1205:
1204:
1144:Preceded by
1134:
1133:
1113:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1027:
1021:
1009:
1003:
1002:
991:
985:
973:
967:
966:
964:
963:
944:
935:
934:
932:
930:
914:
905:
904:
902:
900:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
865:
859:
858:
856:
854:
818:
809:
808:
803:. Archived from
797:
791:
790:
788:
787:
778:. Archived from
768:
762:
761:
759:
758:
744:
738:
726:
720:
719:
717:
716:
702:
696:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
662:
542:Ethiopian Review
508:Hotel Aldrovandi
385:Patriarchate in
343:Abune Tewophilos
328:Abune Tewophilos
289:, Archbishop of
209:
197:
172:
170:
154:Personal details
99:and All Ethiopia
73:Abune Paulos at
71:
51:, Archbishop of
19:
18:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1297:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1241:
1232:
1198:
1190:
1184:
1182:Abune Phillipos
1180:
1178:
1170:
1161:
1149:
1147:Abuna Merkorios
1121:
1116:
1111:Wayback Machine
1102:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1084:The Independent
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:Wayback Machine
1010:
1006:
993:
992:
988:
983:Wayback Machine
974:
970:
961:
959:
946:
945:
938:
928:
926:
925:on 4 March 2016
915:
908:
898:
896:
889:
885:
875:
873:
866:
862:
852:
850:
820:
819:
812:
799:
798:
794:
785:
783:
770:
769:
765:
756:
754:
746:
745:
741:
736:Wayback Machine
727:
723:
714:
712:
704:
703:
699:
694:Wayback Machine
685:
681:
671:
669:
664:
663:
659:
655:
643:
610:Darfur conflict
571:
551:Balcha Hospital
533:
504:Amedeo of Aosta
500:Prince Makonnen
368:Abuna Merkorios
364:
311:Tigray Province
303:
275:fifth Patriarch
257:
253:
211:
207:
198:
187:
174:
173:3 November 1936
168:
166:
165:
164:
143:Abune Phillipos
141:
124:Abuna Merkorios
78:
47:
34:
31:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1293:(2013–present)
1287:
1279:
1271:
1266:Takla Haymanot
1263:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1166:
1163:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1120:
1119:External links
1117:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1070:
1046:
1022:
1004:
986:
968:
936:
906:
883:
860:
810:
807:on 2007-07-04.
792:
763:
739:
721:
697:
679:
656:
654:
651:
650:
649:
642:
639:
570:
567:
547:United Kingdom
532:
529:
473:Tekle Haymanot
430:Asrat Woldeyes
418:Haile Selassie
363:
360:
347:Haile Selassie
302:
299:
287:Tekle Haymanot
262:
261:
248:
242:
241:
231:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
210:(aged 75)
206:16 August 2012
204:
200:
199:
175:
162:
160:
156:
155:
151:
150:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
72:
64:
63:
61:Takla Haymanot
59:of the See of
36:
35:
32:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1385:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
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1334:
1331:
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1326:
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1321:
1320:
1318:
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1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:Abune Mathias
1160:
1159:
1155:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1100:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1008:
1000:
996:
990:
984:
980:
977:
972:
957:
953:
949:
943:
941:
924:
920:
913:
911:
894:
887:
871:
864:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:
823:
817:
815:
806:
802:
796:
782:on 2011-09-27
781:
777:
773:
767:
753:
749:
743:
737:
733:
730:
725:
711:
707:
701:
695:
691:
688:
683:
667:
661:
657:
648:
645:
644:
638:
635:
633:
632:
626:
623:
619:
614:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
528:
524:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
492:
490:
489:Aserate Kassa
484:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
433:
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