250:
504:
342:
530:. Abu Taghlib forestalled an attack by promising to support him against Adud al-Dawla, in exchange for the handing over of Hamdan, who was promptly executed. Although this secured Abu Taghlib's position, it also brought him to the attention of Adud al-Dawla. In May 978, Bakhtiyar and Abu Taghlib were defeated in a battle near
408:
even granted Abu
Taghlib suzerainty over the Hamdanid emirate of Aleppo. Sa'd al-Dawla, deprived of his own capital and lacking any power to offer any resistance, tacitly accepted these losses as well as his cousin's suzerainty. As ruler of the Jazira, Abu Taghlib was one of the richest rulers of the
328:
occupied Mosul and Nasir al-Dawla was once again forced to flee to the hill country of the northern Jazira. Abu
Taghlib led the resistance against the Buyids, who, unable to maintain themselves there, evacuated Mosul and reached a new agreement with the Hamdanids. Abu Taghlib, with the tacit consent
534:
by Adud al-Dawla. Bakhtiyar himself was captured and executed at the orders of his cousin, who then advanced on Mosul. Unlike earlier Buyid expeditions against the
Hamdanids, that had failed chiefly because they were unable to sustain themselves in the Jazira, this was far better organized, as Adud
391:
With Buyid aid, Abu
Taghlib forced his half-brother to hand over Raqqa and Rahba, but Hamdan managed to persuade Bakhtiyar to switch sides. Rahba was lost to Hamdan, and Abu Taghlib's other brothers now began switching their allegiance. Nevertheless, Abu Taghlib prevailed, forcing Hamdan to flee to
448:
In 973, Hamdan finally persuaded
Bakhtiyar to march north. Abu Taghlib evacuated Mosul without a fight, but with his army outflanked the Buyid emir and briefly threatened Baghdad. Negotiations resulted in an agreement, but Bakhtiyar regarded it as too favourable to the Hamdanid emir, and once more
567:
Only the Diyar Mudar remained under Abu
Taghlib's control, but his situation was increasingly desperate. With Buyid control over most of the Jazira solidified, Skleros's revolt ending in defeat in March 979, and unable to seek aid from his cousin Sa'd al-Dawla, who had already acknowledged Adud
542:, Mayyafariqin, and thence to the mountains, possibly intending to seek refuge in Ardumusht. While the Buyids laid siege to Mayyafariqin, Abu Taghlib crossed into Byzantine territory held by Skleros, hoping to gain the latter's support. He defeated a Buyid force pursuing him at Skleros' base of
550:
to assist him. Following the fall of
Mayyafariqin to the Buyids, Abu Taghlib sought refuge with his sister Jamila in Rahba. His renewed offers for a negotiated settlement were rebuffed by Adud al-Dawla, as the Buyid ruler completed his conquest of the Jazira. Abu Taghlib's brothers
597:, and attacked Ramla in August 979. Fadl's troops, however, came to the aid of Mufarrij, and in the ensuing battle on 29 August Abu Taghlib was taken captive and executed. This was likely done at the behest of Adud al-Dawla, whom Mufarrij had previously recognized as his overlord.
320:
quickly overshadowed his brother. However, the last decade of Sayf al-Dawla's rule, until his death in
February 967, was marked by heavy military defeats at the hands of the Byzantines, who occupied much of his domains, and internal turmoil.
392:
Baghdad. Abu
Taghlib seized nor only the towns held by his brother, but also used the conditions of near-anarchy prevailing in Syria at the time and after Sayf al-Dawla's death to expand his territory at the expense of his cousin,
572:
to the
Fatimid-controlled south of Syria. There he became embroiled in the complex power struggles between the Fatimid government and local elites. He endeavoured to gain recognition by the Fatimids as governor of
388:, for assistance: unlike his father, Abu Taghlib had no prior claims on Iraq, and the Buyid ruler likewise was too preoccupied for the moment with securing his rule there to threaten Hamdanid rule over the Jazira.
593:. Hoping to sow dissension among the Arab tribes of the area and strengthen Fatimid authority, the Fatimid general Fadl now promised Ramla to Abu Taghlib, who openly allied himself with Mufarrij's rivals, the
1417:
600:
The Jazira remained under Buyid control until 989, when Abu Taghlib's brothers Abu Abdallah Husayn and Abu Tahir Ibrahim, who had submitted to the Buyids, were installed as governors to oppose the marauding
1363:
369:
577:, but the rebel general al-Qassam, who held the city, repulsed him. Under attack by the Damascenes, and with members of his family starting to desert him, Abu Taghlib moved further south to the region of
216:, alternated between friendly and confrontational, but the two later concluded an alliance, especially as Bakhtiyar faced challenges to his own rule. In 978, the Jazira was occupied by the Buyids of
526:
In November 977, Bakhtiyar found himself driven from Baghdad by his ambitious cousin, Adud al-Dawla. Once again, Hamdan persuaded him to march on Mosul, and Bakhtiyar led his forces to
609:. In this fight, the two brothers relied upon the Uqaylis; after the defeat of Badh, the Banu Uqayl turned on the Hamdanids and deposed and killed Abu Tahir Ibrahim, establishing the
511:
In 973–975, Abu Taghlib supported Bakhtiyar in his own struggles to safeguard his power. Thus he once again marched on Baghdad during the rebellion of the Turkish military commander,
1280:
523:, that decided the conflict for Bakhtiyar. As a result of his assistance, in 975 Abu Taghlib secured a revision of the earlier treaty which freed him from the payment of tribute.
417:, who was tasked with inventorying the family's mountain strongholds after the Buyid dissolution of the Hamdanid emirate in 979, writes of the immense cash reserves stored there.
433:('chief emir') and master of Baghdad and the caliph; while Hamdan incited Bakhtiyar against Abu Taghlib. The conflict was averted for a time, possibly due to the eruption of the
368:('The Lion'), succeeded his father as emir and head of the Jaziran branch of the Hamdanid family, but almost immediately his authority was contested by his younger half-brother,
449:
marched against Mosul. Nevertheless, no clashes are recorded and the conflict ended in a negotiated settlement in 974 that included in its provisions the award of the
324:
It was in this context that Abu Taghlib is first mentioned in 964, when his father had once again been embroiled in a conflict with the Buyids. The army of the Buyid
384:, while Hamdan also seized control of Raqqa from the family's Syrian branch after the death of Sayf al-Dawla. Abu Taghlib thus turned to the new Buyid emir of Iraq,
488:
in 973, but in 974 Tzimiskes himself raided the Jazira in retaliation. Following the Byzantine attacks, Abu Taghlib paid tribute to the emperor for some time.
1501:
437:
into the affairs of Syria, which united both rulers in opposition to the Fatimid invasion: both Mosul and Baghdad even sponsored the campaigns of the
1516:
1486:
495:, with whom he concluded a treaty whereby the Hamdanid ruler supplied Skleros with light cavalry in exchange for an unspecified marriage agreement.
372:, who had not consented to their father's deposition. Nasir al-Dawla may have intended to make Ahmad his heir, and had given him governance of
1427:
330:
1521:
1287:
1376:
1257:
552:
538:
Adud al-Dawla took Mosul in June 978. Pursued by the Buyids, and with Adud al-Dawla refusing any negotiation, Abu Taghlib fled to
491:
In 976, following the death of Tzimiskes, Abu Taghlib agreed to support the bid for the Byzantine throne of the rebel general
1189:
1165:
1120:
1099:
1010:
1369:
1253:
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300:, recognize their suzerainty and pay them tribute. At the same time, Nasir al-Dawla's younger brother Ali, better known as
192:
His reign was troubled, being marked by conflicts with some of his brothers, antagonism with the various branches of the
1085:
1032:
582:
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penetrated deep into the Jazira in 972. The devastating raid was partly avenged through the defeat and capture of the
1511:
1210:
1144:
1059:
1506:
1491:
481:
236:, and became involved in local rivalries which resulted in his defeat in battle and execution on 29 August 979.
568:
al-Dawla's suzerainty and was under orders to arrest him, Abu Taghlib with his remaining followers crossed the
280:
Nasir al-Dawla had established the Hamdanids as masters of a practically independent emirate encompassing the
281:
186:
1496:
277:
woman, Fatima bint Ahmad, who reportedly exercised considerable influence over Nasir al-Dawla's affairs.
329:
of almost all his brothers, deposed his elderly father in May 967 and imprisoned him in the fortress of
1443:
1273:
1076:
547:
445:
against the Fatimids. As part of this alliance, Abu Taghlib married a daughter of the Buyid ruler.
581:. Abu Taghlib's ambitions and his contacts with the Fatimids now came to threaten the position of
425:
With his position secure, Abu Taghlib is said to have dreamed of reclaiming his father's place as
1181:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
478:
473:
During the same period, Abu Taghlib also faced the attacks of the Byzantines, who under Emperor
385:
346:
213:
155:
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1422:
442:
8:
1481:
1476:
1330:
1315:
465:') to Abu Taghlib by the caliph, and the payment of tribute by Abu Taghlib to Bakhtiyar.
404:, once part of Sayf al-Dawla's domain, uniting the entire Jazira under his rule. Caliph
1325:
1080:
325:
1411:
1320:
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182:
116:
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1179:
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1155:
1134:
1110:
1064:
610:
606:
413:'s descriptions attest to the wealth derived from the many Hamdanid estates, and
146:
1350:
1225:
1202:
Humanism in the Renaissance of Islam: The Cultural Revival During the Buyid Age
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al-Dawla brought along experienced administrators familiar with the area.
401:
350:
803:
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512:
410:
397:
288:. Nasir al-Dawla engaged in repeated attempts to gain control over the
249:
1139:. Translated by Ethel Broido. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1130:
503:
438:
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in August, but Skleros too was hard-pressed by the loyalist general
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462:
296:, but in the end was forced to concede defeat to the more powerful
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208:, and his involvement in the rebellion of the Byzantine general
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162:ʿUddat al-Dawla ʿAbū Taghlib Faḍl Allāh al-Ghaḍanfar al-Ḥamdanī
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1341:
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143:
Uddat al-Dawla Abu Taghlib Fadl Allah al-Ghadanfar al-Hamdani
102:
Uddat al-Dawla Abu Taghlib Fadl Allah al-Ghadanfar al-Hamdani
82:
341:
1112:
Queens, Eunuchs and Concubines in Islamic History, 661-1257
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515:, although it was the intervention of the Buyid emir of
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Abu Taghlib was born in 940 as the eldest son of the
912:
747:
706:
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456:
450:
426:
363:
353:), the homeland and main power base of the Hamdanids
262:
166:
160:
634:
1058:
1009:
396:. By 971 he had extended his control over all of
304:, managed to establish his control over northern
1468:
1157:Basil II and the Governance of Empire (976–1025)
232:. There he tried to secure the governorship of
1281:
499:Alliance with Bakhtiyar against Adud al-Dawla
212:. His relations with the Buyid emir of Iraq,
151:عدة الدولة أبو تغلب فضل الله الغضنفر الحمداني
30:
1288:
1274:
1086:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1033:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1428:Abu'l-Fawaris Muhammad ibn Nasir al-Dawla
1377:Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn Nasir al-Dawla
1115:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
1108:
1041:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 126–131.
673:
1517:People executed by the Fatimid Caliphate
1487:10th-century monarchs in the Middle East
1364:Abu'l-Muzzafar Hamdan ibn Nasir al-Dawla
502:
340:
248:
244:
1205:(2nd Revised ed.). Leiden: BRILL.
1198:
1174:
1094:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 36–37.
989:
894:
882:
858:
785:
768:
756:
741:
724:
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1502:Arab people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
1469:
1418:Abu'l-Hayja Abdallah ibn Sa'd al-Dawla
1153:
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421:Conflict and settlement with Bakhtiyar
1269:
507:Map of Iraq in the 9th–10th centuries
80:29 August 979 (aged 38–39)
1370:Abu Tahir Ibrahim ibn Nasir al-Dawla
1295:
1184:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
1160:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1129:
965:
559:even took service with the Buyids.
469:Relations with the Byzantine Empire
316:, and through his clashes with the
253:Family tree of the Hamdanid dynasty
150:
31:
13:
812:, pp. 262–263 (esp. note 43).
583:Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah
562:
358:Rebellion of Abu'l-Muzzafar Hamdan
14:
1533:
1522:Syria under the Fatimid Caliphate
333:, where he died in February 969.
1136:A History of Palestine, 634–1099
165:), usually known simply by his
261:al-Hasan, better known by his
224:, and Abu Taghlib fled to the
16:Emir of Mosul from 967 to 1978
1:
616:
613:as the rulers of the Jazira.
1454:Ruling emirs are denoted in
7:
457:
451:
427:
364:
263:
185:, encompassing most of the
167:
161:
10:
1538:
1154:Holmes, Catherine (2005).
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1452:
1444:Nasir al-Dawla ibn Hamdan
1436:
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1239:
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1222:
1199:Kraemer, Joel L. (1992).
220:under Bakhtiyar's cousin
132:
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110:
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96:
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76:
68:
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54:
46:
41:
23:
1512:10th-century Arab people
1109:El-Azhari, Taef (2019).
849:, pp. 308, 325–326.
800:, pp. 127–128, 129.
336:
1507:10th-century executions
1492:Hamdanid emirs of Mosul
479:Domestic of the Schools
239:
1258:Abu Abdallah al-Husayn
508:
386:Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar
362:Abu Taghlib, surnamed
354:
308:from his two capitals
254:
214:Izz al-Dawla Bakhtiyar
506:
370:Abu'l-Muzzafar Hamdan
344:
269:(honorific title) of
252:
245:Origin and background
228:-controlled parts of
897:, pp. 230, 272.
631:, pp. 269, 271.
1316:Abdallah ibn Hamdan
992:, pp. 272–273.
980:, pp. 128–129.
968:, pp. 354–356.
944:, pp. 265–266.
885:, pp. 223–224.
771:, pp. 271–272.
727:, pp. 273–280.
703:, pp. 268–271.
589:chief and ruler of
553:Abu Abdallah Husayn
273:. His mother was a
1497:Iraqi Shia Muslims
1326:Ibrahim ibn Hamdan
1250:Title next held by
544:Kharput/Hisn Ziyad
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355:
255:
1462:
1461:
1321:Husayn ibn Hamdan
1311:Hamdan ibn Hamdun
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1263:
1254:Abu Tahir Ibrahim
1191:978-0-582-40525-7
1167:978-0-19-927968-5
1122:978-1-4744-2318-2
1101:978-90-04-13974-9
909:, pp. 36–37.
861:, pp. 89–90.
557:Abu Tahir Ibrahim
443:al-Hasan al-A'sam
435:Fatimid Caliphate
200:, attacks by the
196:for influence in
159:
140:
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136:Fatima bint Ahmad
106:
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87:Fatimid Caliphate
1529:
1331:Sa'id ibn Hamdan
1297:Hamdanid dynasty
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318:Byzantine Empire
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206:John I Tzimiskes
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183:Emirate of Mosul
177:, was the third
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1073:Bosworth, C. E.
1060:"Abū Tag̲h̲lib"
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611:Uqaylid Dynasty
607:Badh ibn Dustak
565:
563:Exile and death
501:
471:
423:
360:
339:
326:Mu'izz al-Dawla
284:and centred on
247:
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37:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1412:Sa'id al-Dawla
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1401:
1393:
1391:
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1351:Nasir al-Dawla
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1055:Canard, Marius
1051:
1006:Canard, Marius
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958:
956:, p. 266.
946:
934:
911:
899:
887:
875:
873:, p. 262.
863:
851:
839:
837:, p. 128.
814:
802:
790:
788:, p. 272.
773:
761:
746:
744:, p. 271.
729:
717:
715:, p. 129.
705:
693:
691:, p. 127.
678:
674:El-Azhari 2019
666:
633:
620:
618:
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564:
561:
500:
497:
493:Bardas Skleros
470:
467:
463:of the Dynasty
458:Uddat al-Dawla
422:
419:
359:
356:
338:
335:
271:Nasir al-Dawla
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243:
241:
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210:Bardas Skleros
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127:Nasir al-Dawla
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1437:Later members
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1405:Sa'd al-Dawla
1402:
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1152:
1148:
1146:0-521-59984-9
1142:
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:Bianquis, Th.
1066:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:Ménage, V. L.
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1002:
991:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
932:, p. 37.
931:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
908:
903:
896:
891:
884:
879:
872:
867:
860:
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848:
843:
836:
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829:
827:
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823:
821:
819:
811:
806:
799:
794:
787:
782:
780:
778:
770:
765:
759:, p. 89.
758:
753:
751:
743:
738:
736:
734:
726:
721:
714:
709:
702:
697:
690:
685:
683:
676:, p. 86.
675:
670:
664:, p. 36.
663:
658:
656:
654:
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
640:
638:
630:
625:
621:
614:
612:
608:
604:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
579:Lake Tiberias
576:
571:
570:Syrian Desert
560:
558:
554:
549:
548:Bardas Phokas
545:
541:
536:
533:
529:
524:
522:
521:Adud al-Dawla
518:
514:
505:
496:
494:
489:
487:
483:
480:
476:
466:
464:
461:('Instrument
459:
453:
446:
444:
440:
436:
431:
430:
429:amir al-umara
418:
416:
415:Ibn Miskawayh
412:
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:Sa'd al-Dawla
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
352:
348:
343:
334:
332:
327:
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
302:Sayf al-Dawla
299:
298:Buyid dynasty
295:
291:
287:
283:
278:
276:
272:
267:
266:
260:
251:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:Adud al-Dawla
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
181:ruler of the
180:
176:
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135:
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118:
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100:
95:
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71:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:Emir of Mosul
40:
29:
26:
25:
22:
19:
1464:
1455:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1375:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1349:
1252:
1240:
1231:
1201:
1180:
1156:
1135:
1111:
1091:
1084:
1038:
1031:
990:Kennedy 2004
985:
973:
961:
949:
937:
902:
895:Kennedy 2004
890:
883:Kennedy 2004
878:
866:
859:Kraemer 1992
854:
842:
805:
793:
786:Kennedy 2004
769:Kennedy 2004
764:
757:Kraemer 1992
742:Kennedy 2004
725:Kennedy 2004
720:
708:
701:Kennedy 2004
696:
669:
629:Kennedy 2004
624:
599:
566:
537:
525:
510:
490:
472:
447:
424:
390:
365:al-Ghadanfar
361:
323:
314:Mayyafariqin
279:
256:
191:
174:
142:
141:
18:
1358:Abu Taghlib
1090:Volume XII:
1037:Volume III:
1028:Schacht, J.
1024:Pellat, Ch.
1011:"Ḥamdānids"
978:Canard 1971
954:Holmes 2005
942:Holmes 2005
930:Canard 2004
907:Canard 2004
871:Holmes 2005
847:Holmes 2005
835:Canard 1971
810:Holmes 2005
798:Canard 1971
713:Canard 1971
689:Canard 1971
662:Canard 2004
402:Diyar Mudar
351:Mesopotamia
345:Map of the
292:caliphs at
175:Abu Taghlib
55:Predecessor
27:Abu Taghlib
1482:979 deaths
1477:940 births
1471:Categories
1247:occupation
1131:Gil, Moshe
1092:Supplement
617:References
605:chieftain
595:Banu Uqayl
513:Sabuktakin
411:Ibn Hawkal
398:Diyar Bakr
1423:Abu Firas
1133:(1997) .
1047:495469525
1016:Lewis, B.
439:Qarmatian
331:Ardamusht
156:romanized
1237:967–978
1178:(2004).
1083:(eds.).
1057:(2004).
1030:(eds.).
1008:(1971).
966:Gil 1997
575:Damascus
409:region;
259:Hamdanid
234:Damascus
179:Hamdanid
117:Hamdanid
32:أبو تغلب
999:Sources
603:Kurdish
540:Nisibis
532:Samarra
441:leader
406:al-Muti
378:Maridin
374:Nisibis
349:(Upper
294:Baghdad
290:Abbasid
275:Kurdish
226:Fatimid
198:Baghdad
158::
112:Dynasty
50:967–978
1389:Aleppo
1241:Vacant
1209:
1188:
1164:
1143:
1119:
1098:
1079:&
1045:
1039:H–Iram
1026:&
528:Tikrit
517:Shiraz
482:Melias
347:Jazira
310:Aleppo
282:Jazira
218:Shiraz
204:under
194:Buyids
187:Jazira
147:Arabic
133:Mother
123:Father
1342:Mosul
1245:Buyid
1063:. In
1014:. In
591:Ramla
452:laqab
382:Rahba
337:Reign
306:Syria
286:Mosul
265:laqab
230:Syria
169:kunya
97:Names
83:Ramla
47:Reign
1456:bold
1256:and
1207:ISBN
1186:ISBN
1162:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1117:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1043:OCLC
587:Tayy
585:, a
555:and
486:Amid
400:and
380:and
312:and
240:Life
77:Died
69:Born
484:at
455:of
173:as
72:940
1473::
1088:.
1075:;
1071:;
1067:;
1035:.
1022:;
1018:;
914:^
817:^
776:^
749:^
732:^
681:^
636:^
519:,
376:,
189:.
153:,
149::
85:,
1289:e
1282:t
1275:v
1215:.
1194:.
1170:.
1149:.
1125:.
1104:.
1049:.
145:(
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