738:
523:
665:
412:
479:
253:
40:
1368:
270:
566:
702:
Finnish philologist and researcher Paavo Hohti asserts that
Tzimiskes was one of "Byzantine's most capable military generals", noting his talents as a mediator and a reformer of religious institutions. According to Hohti, Tzimiskes' successful campaigns against the Rus and the Arabs allowed him to
441:
By 962 the
Hamdanids had sued for peace with favorable terms for the Byzantines, securing the eastern border of the Empire for some years. Tzimiskes distinguished himself during the war both at the side of his uncle and at leading parts of the army to battle under his personal command, as in the
387:
Contemporary sources describe
Tzimiskes as a rather short but well-built man, with reddish blonde hair and beard and blue eyes who was attractive to women. He seems to have joined the army at an early age, originally under the command of his maternal uncle Nikephoros Phokas. The latter is also
388:
considered his instructor in the art of war. Partly because of his familial connections and partly because of his personal abilities, Tzimiskes quickly rose through the ranks. He was given the political and military command of the theme of
Armenia before he turned twenty-five years old.
453:
in 963, Tzimiskes urged his uncle to seize the throne. After helping
Nikephoros to the throne and continuing to defend the Empire's eastern provinces, Tzimiskes was deprived of his command by an intrigue, for which he retaliated by conspiring with Nikephoros' wife
882:
438:. Armenia served as the borderland between the two Empires, and Tzimiskes successfully defended his province. He and his troops joined the main army which was campaigning under the command of Nikephoros Phokas.
689:
poisoned the emperor to prevent him from stripping
Lekapenos of his ill-gotten lands and riches. Tzimiskes left all his own personal wealth to the poor and the sick. He was succeeded by his ward and nephew,
846:
Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes (23 April 2020), "Aristocrats, Mercenaries, Clergymen and
Refugees: Deliberate and Forced Mobility of Armenians in the Early Medieval Mediterranean (6th to 11th Century a.d.)",
399:, linked him to the influential Skleros family. Little is known about her; she died before his rise to the throne, and the marriage was apparently childless. The contemporary historian
891:, p. 6. "The Phocas family was always associated with the province of Cappadocia in eastern Anatolia; its actual lineage seems to have been a mixture of Armenian and Greek.".
2986:
420:
1383:
2981:
415:
Tentative reproduction of the lost portrait of John I. He's depicted beardless, although literary sources describe him as having a reddish/blonde facial hair.
392:
562:
of Kiev. Tzimiskes and
Sviatoslav ended up negotiating a truce, in which weaponry, armor and provisions were exchanged for the famished Rus' departure.
585:
of the
Imperial symbols, and proclaimed Bulgaria annexed. He further secured his northern frontier by transplanting to Thrace some colonies of the
463:
1295:
1388:
446:
in 958. He was rather popular with his troops and gained a reputation for taking the initiative during battles, turning their course.
3026:
2966:
1597:
2122:
3016:
3011:
2916:
2784:
1253:
1228:
1197:
920:
504:
164:
2949:
Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
2976:
2129:
2752:
492:
81:
3021:
1328:
1309:
605:
3006:
1356:
1281:
866:
1567:
503:, a cousin of Tzimiskes who aspired to succeed their uncle as emperor. To solidify his position, Tzimiskes married
782:"Çemişgezek" in The Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names, 2005, by John Everett-Heath, Oxford University Press.
423:
with its eastern neighbors, the various autonomous and semi-autonomous emirates emerging from the break-up of the
2718:
2701:
2528:
2516:
1455:
2689:
2481:
2443:
2403:
2370:
1409:
1272:
2904:
2730:
2557:
2523:
2487:
2376:
681:
Tzimiskes died suddenly in 976 returning from his second campaign against the
Abbasids and was buried in the
352:
Tzimiskes was born in 924 or 925, as Leo the Deacon states that he died aged 51, to an unnamed member of the
2545:
1590:
543:
511:. He proceeded to justify his usurpation by repelling the foreign invaders of the Empire. The tributary of
345:). Either way, "Tzimiskes" was a surname used by other members of John's family, as the Armenian historian
2971:
2626:
2305:
1771:
1245:
2936:
2892:
2870:
2821:
2708:
2499:
2268:
1610:
1510:
751:
694:, who had been nominal co-emperor since 960. He left his successor a strengthened and expanded empire.
30:
522:
3001:
2843:
2811:
2636:
1816:
1575:
1348:
500:
455:
306:
2853:
2806:
2353:
2000:
2661:
2641:
2415:
2295:
1583:
1551:
743:
664:
2931:
2910:
2816:
1606:
1436:
Walker, Paul E. (1977). "The "Crusade" of John Tzimisces in the light of new Arabic evidence".
1069:
1007:
558:) on the Danube for 65 days, where after several hard-fought battles he defeated Grand Prince
2865:
2860:
2836:
2831:
2747:
2584:
2572:
2343:
1968:
578:
197:
1214:
325:(Չմշկիկ), meaning "red boot", or from an Armenian word for "short stature", as explained by
269:
2991:
2848:
2796:
2656:
2631:
2596:
2511:
2425:
2275:
2106:
1503:
1291:
582:
570:
357:
94:
8:
2996:
2779:
2764:
2742:
2677:
2666:
2621:
2567:
2057:
1995:
1958:
1397:
551:
376:. Several of their members had served as prominent army generals, most notably the great
2826:
2769:
2713:
2695:
2684:
2646:
2616:
2494:
2212:
2116:
1866:
1835:
1828:
1474:
872:
176:
215:
from 969 to 976. An intuitive and successful general who married into the influential
2791:
2737:
2578:
2476:
2451:
2300:
2162:
1898:
1883:
1761:
1729:
1415:
1405:
1352:
1324:
1305:
1277:
1267:
1263:
1249:
1224:
1210:
1193:
969:
916:
876:
862:
649:
633:
431:
424:
411:
330:
212:
64:
538:. In 970 he sent his brother-in-law, Bardas Skleros, to push the Rus' forces out of
2921:
2898:
2801:
2774:
2759:
2725:
2651:
2611:
2326:
2253:
2223:
2086:
2041:
2036:
1908:
1522:
1460:
1338:
906:
852:
798:
723:
703:
restore the ascendancy of the Eastern Roman Empire in the Balkans and Mesopotamia.
682:
484:
459:
346:
290:
220:
125:
2562:
2552:
2461:
2248:
2156:
2144:
2138:
1990:
1811:
1781:
1724:
1704:
1342:
1239:
981:
719:
711:
686:
516:
508:
443:
334:
286:
121:
333:, who states that Tzimiskes was from the region of Khozan, from the area called
2456:
2420:
2365:
2258:
2181:
2079:
2073:
2005:
1985:
1739:
1699:
1220:
1206:
668:
609:
597:
531:
526:
The Byzantine army under John I lays siege to the Bulgarian capital at Preslav.
496:
478:
400:
396:
377:
372:
families, and among the most prominent of the emerging military aristocracy of
338:
326:
228:
188:
146:
51:
911:
857:
577:
On his return to Constantinople, Tzimiskes celebrated a triumph, expanded the
337:. Khozan was located in the region of Paghnatun, in the Byzantine province of
2960:
2926:
2886:
2430:
2238:
2046:
1379:
1374:
467:
435:
329:. A more favorable explanation is offered by the medieval Armenian historian
55:
54:
tapestry depicting John Tzimiskes being greeted by the Blues and Greens at a
1427:
Shepard, Jonathan (2010). "Raban, Battle of". In Rogers, Clifford J. (ed.).
1419:
685:, which he had rebuilt. Several sources state that the Imperial chamberlain
305:
military aristocracy by the early 10th century. His mother belonging to the
252:
2671:
2466:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2206:
2068:
1709:
792:
715:
673:
559:
232:
802:
301:
origin that had established itself as one of the chief families among the
2535:
2410:
2360:
2285:
1859:
1806:
1749:
1241:
The Days of the Warlords: A History of the Byzantine Empire, A.D. 969-991
601:
547:
275:
46:
1392:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 438.
569:
John Tzimiskes enters Constantinople in triumph along with the captured
2591:
2506:
2471:
2436:
2348:
2263:
2023:
2016:
1963:
1943:
1888:
1853:
1846:
1791:
1756:
1619:
1301:
586:
450:
373:
369:
258:
1605:
764:
39:
2338:
2290:
2200:
2187:
1974:
1903:
1876:
1871:
1840:
1786:
1734:
1669:
1664:
653:
361:
353:
314:
298:
294:
1276:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1156–1157.
948:
2606:
2388:
2280:
2233:
2193:
2175:
2095:
2030:
2010:
1980:
1953:
1948:
1933:
1923:
1893:
1801:
1796:
1744:
1719:
1714:
1679:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1531:
1518:
1431:. Vol. 3:Merc-Zuri. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–152.
1429:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology
1185:
691:
629:
625:
621:
555:
428:
381:
365:
302:
236:
151:
104:
1373:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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2150:
2063:
1918:
1694:
1142:
1026:
617:
342:
216:
171:
1038:
849:
Migration Histories of the Medieval Afroeurasian Transition Zone
2312:
2169:
2051:
1823:
1689:
1192:(in French), vol. 11, Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 57–88,
726:, modern day Turkey, is named after him, as he was born there.
645:
641:
539:
535:
512:
310:
224:
129:
984:. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Hayastan Publishing, 1973, pp. 12–13.
1913:
1684:
1674:
1654:
637:
590:
1050:
676:'s meeting with Emperor John, as described by Leo the Deacon
1659:
1649:
1404:(First American ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
1117:
1115:
815:
797:, Harvard University Press, 1 April 2019, pp. 81–120,
613:
1088:
565:
1132:
1130:
495:
in December 969, Tzimiskes dispatched his brother-in-law
1112:
581:
as thanksgiving, divested the captive Bulgarian Emperor
1127:
938:
936:
934:
932:
827:
600:
and its vassals, beginning with an invasion of Upper
403:
remarks that she excelled in both beauty and wisdom.
1100:
733:
1074:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online
1012:
Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit Online
929:
546:. In 971, John Tzimiskes took the main army across
202:
1188:, in Cheynet, Jean-Claude; Sode, Claudia (eds.),
2987:Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
2958:
845:
589:, whom he suspected of sympathising with their
530:During his early reign he had to fight off the
458:and a number of disgruntled leading generals (
1591:
391:His marriage to Maria Skleraina, daughter of
1344:A History of the Byzantine State and Society
1297:Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
714:, the main commercial road in the center of
356:family and the sister of the future Emperor
349:refers to him as the "grandson of Č‘mškik".
2982:Byzantine people of the Arab–Byzantine wars
482:The coronation of John Tzimiskes, from the
1598:
1584:
1205:
1148:
1044:
1032:
954:
903:The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025
770:
1337:
1183:
1121:
1056:
910:
856:
833:
1378:
942:
663:
564:
521:
477:
427:. The most prominent among them was the
410:
1426:
1396:
1262:
1136:
1094:
900:
821:
321:" was derived either from the Armenian
317:origin. Scholars have speculated that "
2959:
1435:
1318:
1169:] (in Finnish). WSOY. p. 286.
1106:
1579:
1237:
1167:Byzantium - A thousand years of drama
1160:
888:
596:In 972, Tzimiskes turned against the
406:
211:925 – 10 January 976) was the senior
974:Մատթեոս Ուռհայեցի`Ժամանակնագրություն
542:; Skleros defeated the Rus' army at
552:besieged the fortress of Dorostolon
309:family of unknown ethnicity, maybe
219:, he strengthened and expanded the
13:
1273:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1190:Studies in Byzantine Sigillography
995:The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
978:The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
31:Emperor and Autocrat of the Romans
14:
3038:
1449:
980:). Translation and commentary by
16:Byzantine emperor from 969 to 976
1366:
1294:; Winkelmann, Friedhelm (1998).
1290:
1186:"Les Kourkouas (IXe-XIe siècle)"
736:
297:family, a clan of still debated
293:. His father was a scion of the
268:
251:
38:
3027:Governors of the Anatolic Theme
2967:10th-century Byzantine emperors
1163:Bysantti - Tuhat draaman vuotta
1154:
1062:
1000:
987:
960:
231:by warring with the Rus' under
1213:; Sullivan, Dennis F. (eds.).
894:
839:
785:
776:
579:Church of Christ of the Chalke
1:
1216:The History of Leo the Deacon
1076:(in German). De Gruyter. 2013
1014:(in German). De Gruyter. 2013
773:, pp. 143–147 (VI, 1–4).
697:
285:John was born in present-day
242:
208:
3017:970s in the Byzantine Empire
3012:960s in the Byzantine Empire
7:
2977:Armenian Byzantine emperors
1246:University Press of America
851:, BRILL, pp. 327–384,
729:
515:was soon assured under the
203:
10:
3043:
2871:Constantine XI Palaiologos
2822:Andronikos III Palaiologos
2709:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1177:
957:, pp. 141–142 (V, 9).
752:List of Byzantine emperors
683:Church of Christ Chalkites
534:encroachment on the Lower
3022:Burials in Constantinople
2947:
2879:
2844:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
2812:Andronikos II Palaiologos
2637:Constantine IX Monomachos
2325:
2222:
2105:
1932:
1770:
1618:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1528:
1508:
1500:
1495:
1468:
1349:Stanford University Press
912:10.1007/978-1-349-24765-3
858:10.1163/9789004425613_013
706:
499:to subdue a rebellion by
419:The Byzantine Empire was
204:Iōánnēs ho Tzimiskēs
192:
170:
158:
136:
114:
110:
100:
95:Nikephoros II Phokas
90:
80:
70:
63:
37:
28:
23:
3007:Domestics of the Schools
2807:Michael VIII Palaiologos
1347:. Stanford, California:
1266:(1991). "Kourkouas". In
1184:Andriollo, Lisa (2012),
757:
659:
612:, where his forces took
593:neighbours in the east.
507:, a daughter of Emperor
473:
449:On the death of Emperor
2662:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
2296:Tiberius II Constantine
1552:Domestic of the Schools
1456:Profile of Emperor John
1389:Encyclopædia Britannica
1323:. Pen and Sword Books.
1319:Romane, Julian (2015).
1238:Blaum, Paul A. (1994).
993:See Matthew of Edessa.
744:Byzantine Empire portal
608:, in 975, was aimed at
2817:Michael IX Palaiologos
1151:, p. 218 (X, 11).
1035:, p. 221 (X, 11).
1008:"Ioannes I. Tzimiskes"
901:Whittow, Mark (1996).
718:, is named after him.
678:
574:
527:
488:
416:
2911:Thessalonian emperors
2905:Trapezuntine emperors
2866:John VIII Palaiologos
2861:Manuel II Palaiologos
2832:John VI Kantakouzenos
2748:Andronikos I Komnenos
2585:Constantine Lekapenos
1613:and empresses regnant
1402:Byzantium: The Apogee
1292:Lilie, Ralph-Johannes
1161:Hohti, Paavo (2021).
1047:, p. 146 (V, 3).
824:, pp. 1156–1157.
803:10.2307/j.ctvckq5d6.7
667:
652:, but failed to take
568:
525:
481:
414:
384:and much of Armenia.
185:John I Tzimiskes
24:John I Tzimiskes
2849:John VII Palaiologos
2797:Theodore II Laskaris
2657:Constantine X Doukas
2597:Nikephoros II Phokas
1546:Nikephoros II Phokas
1526:as junior emperors)
1504:Nikephoros II Phokas
1461:Coinage of Tzimiskes
1321:Byzantium Triumphant
571:Boris II of Bulgaria
358:Nikephoros II Phokas
2780:Theodore I Laskaris
2765:Alexios III Angelos
2743:Alexios II Komnenos
2667:Romanos IV Diogenes
2622:Romanos III Argyros
2568:Romanos I Lekapenos
1059:, pp. 505–506.
368:were distinguished
193:Ἰωάννης ὁ Τζιμισκής
2972:Macedonian dynasty
2899:Britannic emperors
2893:Palmyrene emperors
2827:John V Palaiologos
2770:Alexios IV Angelos
2719:Constantine Doukas
2714:Alexios I Komnenos
2702:Constantine Doukas
2685:Michael VII Doukas
2647:Michael VI Bringas
2213:Romulus Augustulus
1836:Trebonianus Gallus
1829:Herennius Etruscus
1611:Byzantine emperors
1564:Title next held by
1475:Macedonian dynasty
1268:Kazhdan, Alexander
1264:Kazhdan, Alexander
1211:Talbot, Alice-Mary
1097:, p. 151-152.
997:, p. 301, note 52.
679:
575:
528:
489:
417:
407:Rise to the throne
393:Pantherios Skleros
2954:
2953:
2792:John III Vatatzes
2738:Manuel I Komnenos
2477:Michael I Rangabe
2321:
2320:
2163:Petronius Maximus
1762:Severus Alexander
1730:Septimius Severus
1574:
1573:
1539:Military offices
1529:Succeeded by
1511:Byzantine emperor
1470:John I Tzimiskes
1339:Treadgold, Warren
1255:978-0-8191-9657-6
1230:978-0-88402-324-1
1199:978-3-11-026668-9
1070:"Maria Skleraina"
970:Matthew of Edessa
922:978-0-333-49601-5
432:Emirate of Aleppo
425:Abbasid Caliphate
331:Matthew of Edessa
213:Byzantine emperor
201:
182:
181:
144:(aged 50–51)
74:11 December 969 –
65:Byzantine emperor
3034:
3002:Kourkouas family
2802:John IV Laskaris
2775:Alexios V Doukas
2760:Isaac II Angelos
2726:John II Komnenos
2652:Isaac I Komnenos
2612:Constantine VIII
2602:John I Tzimiskes
2329:Byzantine Empire
2103:
2102:
1600:
1593:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1544:Preceded by
1523:Constantine VIII
1501:Preceded by
1491:
1484:
1466:
1465:
1445:
1432:
1423:
1398:Norwich, John J.
1393:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1334:
1315:
1287:
1259:
1234:
1202:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
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1119:
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1086:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1066:
1060:
1054:
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1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1004:
998:
991:
985:
968:
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952:
946:
940:
927:
926:
914:
898:
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843:
837:
831:
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819:
813:
812:
811:
809:
789:
783:
780:
774:
768:
746:
741:
740:
739:
724:Tunceli Province
485:Madrid Skylitzes
460:Michael Bourtzes
380:, who conquered
347:Stepanos Asoghik
291:Tunceli Province
272:
255:
221:Byzantine Empire
210:
206:
196:
194:
143:
126:Tunceli Province
42:
21:
20:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3031:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2943:
2887:Gallic emperors
2875:
2563:Constantine VII
2344:Constantine III
2331:
2328:
2317:
2226:
2218:
2157:Valentinian III
2145:Constantius III
2139:Priscus Attalus
2123:Constantine III
2109:
2101:
1991:Valerius Valens
1936:
1928:
1774:
1766:
1725:Didius Julianus
1705:Marcus Aurelius
1622:
1614:
1604:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1452:
1412:
1382:, ed. (1911). "
1367:
1365:
1359:
1331:
1312:
1284:
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1231:
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1175:
1174:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1135:
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1089:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
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1027:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1005:
1001:
992:
988:
982:Hrach Bartikyan
966:
965:
961:
953:
949:
941:
930:
923:
899:
895:
887:
883:
869:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
807:
805:
791:
790:
786:
781:
777:
769:
765:
760:
742:
737:
735:
732:
712:Tsimiski Street
709:
700:
687:Basil Lekapenos
669:Klavdiy Lebedev
662:
606:second campaign
517:Treaty of Safar
509:Constantine VII
476:
444:Battle of Raban
409:
283:
282:
281:
280:
279:
273:
264:
263:
262:
256:
245:
163:
162:Maria Skleraina
149:
145:
141:
119:
86:19 December 969
75:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3040:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
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2999:
2994:
2989:
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2969:
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2706:
2682:
2664:
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2642:Theodora (III)
2639:
2634:
2629:
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2619:
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2604:
2599:
2594:
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2492:
2474:
2469:
2464:
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2457:Constantine VI
2454:
2449:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Theodosius III
2418:
2413:
2408:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2366:Constantine IV
2363:
2358:
2346:
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2333:
2323:
2322:
2319:
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2315:
2310:
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2283:
2278:
2273:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2224:Eastern Empire
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2197:
2190:
2185:
2178:
2173:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2119:
2113:
2111:
2107:Western Empire
2100:
2099:
2092:
2080:Magnus Maximus
2076:
2074:Valentinian II
2071:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2008:
2006:Constantius II
2003:
2001:Constantine II
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1927:
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1911:
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1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:Antoninus Pius
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1626:
1624:
1623:27 BC – AD 235
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1507:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1496:Regnal titles
1493:
1492:
1490:10 January 976
1472:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1450:External links
1448:
1447:
1446:
1433:
1424:
1410:
1394:
1380:Chisholm, Hugh
1363:
1357:
1335:
1330:978-1473845701
1329:
1316:
1311:978-3110151794
1310:
1288:
1282:
1260:
1254:
1235:
1229:
1221:Dumbarton Oaks
1207:Leo the Deacon
1203:
1198:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1153:
1149:Leo the Deacon
1141:
1139:, p. 229.
1126:
1124:, p. 512.
1122:Treadgold 1997
1111:
1099:
1087:
1061:
1057:Treadgold 1997
1049:
1045:Leo the Deacon
1037:
1033:Leo the Deacon
1025:
999:
986:
959:
955:Leo the Deacon
947:
928:
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893:
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834:Andriollo 2012
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771:Leo the Deacon
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658:
598:Abbasid Empire
497:Bardas Skleros
475:
472:
408:
405:
401:Leo the Deacon
397:Bardas Skleros
395:and sister of
378:John Kourkouas
339:Fourth Armenia
327:Leo the Deacon
274:
267:
266:
265:
257:
250:
249:
248:
247:
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244:
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239:respectively.
217:Skleros family
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147:Constantinople
140:10 January 976
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92:
88:
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76:10 January 976
72:
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61:
60:
52:Byzantine silk
44:Detail of the
43:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3039:
3028:
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2525:
2524:Theodora (II)
2522:
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2434:
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2431:Constantine V
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2416:Anastasius II
2414:
2412:
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2239:Theodosius II
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2047:Valentinian I
2045:
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2040:
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2025:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2012:
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1969:Constantine I
1967:
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1959:Constantius I
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1399:
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1390:
1385:
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1376:
1375:public domain
1364:
1360:
1358:0-8047-2630-2
1354:
1350:
1346:
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1332:
1326:
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1307:
1303:
1300:(in German).
1299:
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1293:
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1283:0-19-504652-8
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1123:
1118:
1116:
1109:, p. 73.
1108:
1103:
1096:
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1041:
1034:
1029:
1013:
1009:
1003:
996:
990:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:(in Armenian)
963:
956:
951:
944:
943:Chisholm 1911
939:
937:
935:
933:
924:
918:
913:
908:
904:
897:
890:
885:
878:
874:
870:
868:9789004425613
864:
859:
854:
850:
842:
836:, p. 58.
835:
830:
823:
818:
804:
800:
796:
795:
788:
779:
772:
767:
763:
753:
750:
749:
745:
734:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
704:
695:
693:
688:
684:
677:
675:
671:(1852–1916).
670:
666:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
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635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
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611:
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584:
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567:
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561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
524:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Bardas Phokas
498:
494:
487:
486:
480:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
452:
447:
445:
439:
437:
436:Sayf al-Dawla
433:
430:
426:
422:
413:
404:
402:
398:
394:
389:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
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344:
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328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
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288:
277:
271:
260:
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240:
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157:
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148:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
117:
113:
109:
106:
105:Basil II
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
85:
83:
79:
73:
69:
66:
62:
57:
53:
49:
48:
41:
36:
33:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2854:Andronikos V
2852:
2835:
2783:
2751:
2729:
2717:
2700:
2694:
2688:
2676:
2670:
2601:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2544:
2527:
2515:
2498:
2486:
2480:
2467:Nikephoros I
2442:
2441:
2435:
2402:
2399:Justinian II
2394:Tiberius III
2384:Justinian II
2375:
2369:
2352:
2304:
2276:Anastasius I
2267:
2211:
2207:Julius Nepos
2199:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2078:
2069:Theodosius I
2056:
2029:
2022:
2015:
1986:Maximinus II
1973:
1875:
1858:
1845:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1748:
1710:Lucius Verus
1566:
1560:
1554:of the East
1550:
1509:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1441:
1437:
1428:
1401:
1387:
1343:
1320:
1296:
1271:
1240:
1215:
1189:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1144:
1137:Norwich 1992
1102:
1095:Shepard 2010
1090:
1078:. Retrieved
1073:
1064:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1016:. Retrieved
1011:
1002:
994:
989:
977:
973:
962:
950:
902:
896:
884:
848:
841:
829:
822:Kazhdan 1991
817:
806:, retrieved
793:
787:
778:
766:
716:Thessaloniki
710:
701:
680:
672:
595:
576:
560:Sviatoslav I
544:Arcadiopolis
529:
490:
483:
470:Nikephoros.
464:Leo Balantes
448:
440:
418:
390:
386:
351:
335:Chmushkatzag
322:
318:
284:
233:Sviatoslav I
184:
183:
45:
29:
18:
2992:920s births
2913:(1224–1242)
2907:(1204–1461)
2696:Konstantios
2573:Christopher
2546:Constantine
2536:Michael III
2517:Constantine
2500:Constantine
2482:Theophylact
2411:Philippicus
2361:Constans II
2286:Justinian I
2182:Severus III
2130:Constans II
1884:Claudius II
1860:Silbannacus
1807:Gordian III
1782:Maximinus I
1750:Diadumenian
1107:Romane 2015
602:Mesopotamia
532:Kievan Rus'
468:assassinate
370:Cappadocian
360:. Both the
276:Miliaresion
223:to include
142:(976-01-10)
91:Predecessor
47:Gunthertuch
2997:976 deaths
2961:Categories
2690:Andronikos
2678:Nikephoros
2627:Michael IV
2592:Romanos II
2512:Theophilos
2507:Michael II
2488:Staurakios
2472:Staurakios
2444:Nikephoros
2437:Artabasdos
2349:Heraclonas
2306:Theodosius
2264:Basiliscus
2024:Nepotianus
2017:Magnentius
2011:Constans I
1964:Severus II
1944:Diocletian
1889:Quintillus
1854:Aemilianus
1847:Volusianus
1792:Gordian II
1757:Elagabalus
1620:Principate
1444:: 301–327.
1411:0394537785
1302:De Gruyter
889:Blaum 1994
720:Çemişgezek
698:Assessment
674:Svyatoslav
618:Heliopolis
587:Paulicians
548:Mt. Haemus
493:coronation
491:After his
451:Romanos II
374:Asia Minor
287:Çemişgezek
259:Histamenon
243:Background
177:Macedonian
122:Çemişgezek
82:Coronation
2932:Classical
2917:Empresses
2901:(286–296)
2895:(267–273)
2889:(260–274)
2632:Michael V
2558:Alexander
2371:Heraclius
2339:Heraclius
2291:Justin II
2201:Glycerius
2188:Anthemius
2058:Procopius
1996:Martinian
1975:Maxentius
1904:Florianus
1877:Saloninus
1872:Gallienus
1841:Hostilian
1817:Philip II
1787:Gordian I
1735:Caracalla
1670:Vespasian
1665:Vitellius
1438:Byzantion
1209:(2005) .
877:218992750
794:Romanland
654:Jerusalem
456:Theophano
362:Kourkouai
354:Kourkouas
323:Chmushkik
319:Tzimiskes
303:Anatolian
295:Kourkouas
278:of John I
261:of John I
198:romanized
154:, Turkey)
101:Successor
2927:Usurpers
2922:Augustae
2880:See also
2785:Nicholas
2607:Basil II
2404:Tiberius
2389:Leontius
2377:Tiberius
2354:Tiberius
2332:610–1453
2327:Eastern/
2281:Justin I
2234:Arcadius
2194:Olybrius
2176:Majorian
2117:Honorius
2096:Eugenius
2031:Vetranio
1981:Licinius
1954:Galerius
1949:Maximian
1934:Dominate
1924:Numerian
1894:Aurelian
1867:Valerian
1812:Philip I
1802:Balbinus
1797:Pupienus
1745:Macrinus
1720:Pertinax
1715:Commodus
1680:Domitian
1645:Claudius
1640:Caligula
1635:Tiberius
1630:Augustus
1532:Basil II
1519:Basil II
1420:18164817
1400:(1992).
1341:(1997).
1080:29 April
1018:29 April
808:30 April
730:See also
692:Basil II
634:Caesarea
630:Nazareth
626:Tiberias
622:Damascus
583:Boris II
556:Silistra
505:Theodora
434:, under
429:Hamdanid
382:Melitene
366:Phokadai
364:and the
315:Armenian
299:Armenian
237:Fatimids
235:and the
165:Theodora
152:Istanbul
2937:Eastern
2837:Matthew
2731:Alexios
2579:Stephen
2541:Basil I
2426:Leo III
2301:Maurice
2244:Marcian
2227:395–610
2151:Joannes
2110:395–480
2064:Gratian
1937:284–610
1919:Carinus
1899:Tacitus
1775:235–285
1695:Hadrian
1561:Unknown
1515:969–976
1384:John I.
1377::
1270:(ed.).
1178:Sources
722:in the
650:Tripoli
343:Sophene
200::
172:Dynasty
56:triumph
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2553:Leo VI
2529:Thekla
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2452:Leo IV
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2269:Marcus
2254:Leo II
2170:Avitus
2087:Victor
2052:Valens
2042:Jovian
2037:Julian
1909:Probus
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1824:Decius
1772:Crisis
1690:Trajan
1568:Melias
1557:963–?
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707:Legacy
648:, and
646:Byblos
642:Beirut
591:Muslim
550:, and
540:Thrace
536:Danube
513:Aleppo
421:at war
307:Phokas
225:Thrace
159:Spouse
130:Turkey
2495:Leo V
2462:Irene
2249:Leo I
1914:Carus
1685:Nerva
1675:Titus
1655:Galba
1607:Roman
1488:Died:
1481:Born:
1165:[
873:S2CID
758:Notes
660:Death
638:Sidon
614:Emesa
610:Syria
474:Reign
466:) to
311:Greek
229:Syria
189:Greek
150:(now
120:(now
71:Reign
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