567:
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224:
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500:
491:, a daily newspaper in Melilla, where he defended the advantages of European—especially Spanish—civilization and technology and their potential to elevate the economic and cultural level of the Moroccan population. In 1910, Abd el-Krim took a position as secretary-interpreter in the Native Affairs Office in Melilla, which brought him into close contact with the Spanish military bureaucracy and the town's civil society and gained a reputation for intelligence, efficiency and discretion.
472:
58:
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608:, he would consider it as an act of war. Silvestre is said to have dismissed the warning, and shortly afterwards, crossed the river with 60,000 men and set up a military post in the foothills of the Abarran mountains. In June 1921 a sizable Riffian force attacked this post killing 179 of the estimated 250 Spanish troops there. Soon afterwards, Abd el-Krim directed his forces to attack the Spanish army camp at
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independence movement but also helped rally support from both local and international communities, further integrating diverse individuals and groups into the advocacy network of
Moroccan nationalists. The incident emphasizes the significance of charismatic and symbolic figures in mobilizing support for national issues and strategically using international platforms to amplify their message.
2762:
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412:. Despite this, French colonial authorities claimed that Abd el-Krim "forged an Idrissid ascendance" to gain legitimity due to Moroccan religious tradition. According to Mohammed Azarqan, the foreign minister of the Republic of the Rif, his surname comes from the Aït Khattab clan of the Ait Ouriaghel and has no relation with Umar ibn al-Khattab. Historian
616:, General Silvestre, head of the Spanish forces, committed suicide when he saw that defeat was inevitable. In three weeks of fierce battles, 13,000 Spanish and colonial troops were killed. The Rifians' colossal victory established Abd el-Krim as a master and pioneer of guerrilla warfare, and the president of the
536:
In the midst of the conflict, he was arrested. The
Spanish authorities sought to please the French, who had claimed the German agents roamed free in Melilla, thus they proceeded to hear a number of complaints on Abd el-Krim. One of the complaints dealt with an alleged involvement in a conspiracy with
1488:
In 1947, Abd el-Krim was given permission to live in the south of France after he had been released on health grounds; however, during his transfer he was freed from his French keepers and escorted to Cairo by
Moroccan nationalists. There he received a "hero's welcome" as an important figure of the
532:
Before and after the outbreak of World War I, Abd el-Krim was noted as
Germanophile, defending it on the basis of arguments brought from the Egyptian and Turkish press. Abd-el-Krim offered himself as broker to the Germans to get them mining licenses in the mountains of Beni Uriaguel. His father was
674:
to
Morocco, where it joined with a Spanish army, with a combined total of more than 250,000 soldiers, supported by large numbers of aircraft and artillery, and began operations against the Rif Republic. By September 1925 the Spanish Army of África, supported by a combined Spanish-French fleet,
1504:
Abd el-Krim's flight to Egypt drew global attention to the
Moroccan independence movement, highlighting the broader anti-colonial sentiment and the pivotal role of Cairo as a center of transnational activism. This escape not only represented the determination and resilience of the Moroccan
1497:. The Liberation Committee was established on 5 July 1948 with Abd el-Krim at its head, with its charter stating "The Arab Maghreb lived and will live with Islam and will proceed with Islam with its future, moreover it is indissolubly part of the Arab world, and its cooperation with the
433:
and explained that his ancestors were
Berbers; he also highlighted the Berber people as "advanced people, who have inherited many civilizations" and that "we speak Arabic, the language of the Quran, and we understand ourselves in Berber, the language of our ancestors".
679:, barely a dozen miles from Abd-el-Krim's capital and birthplace, Axdir, while several colonials and even metropolitan French regiments were coming from the south toward the heartlands of the Rifian rebellion.
686:
as well as other weapons, defeated the forces of Abd el-Krim and inflicted extensive damage on the local Berber population. On 26 May 1926, Abd el-Krim surrendered to the French at his then headquarters of
1494:
397:
assert that Abd el-Krim's family is entirely of Berber origin. Abd el-Krim's ancestry is unclear, as
Riffian families did not hold proper documentation regarding their geneaology.
3179:
483:(a Spanish enclave from 1494 to the present day) as a teacher and translator for the OCTAI, the Spanish 'native affairs' office, and as a journalist for the Spanish newspaper
3086:
3332:
548:
In 1920, Abd el-Krim, together with his brother, began a war of rebellion against the
Spanish incursions. His goal was to unite the tribes of the Rif into an independent
512:
4729:
4896:
460:, the world's oldest institution of higher education. Both Muhammad and his brother M'Hammad received a Spanish education, the latter studying mine engineering in
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2309:
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1450:(a French territory in the Indian Ocean) from 1926 to 1947, where he was "given a comfortable estate and generous annual subsidiary", before ending up in
1311:
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387:
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By 1924, the
Spanish forces had retreated, because of more defeats at the hands of Abd el-Krim, to three isolated cities along the Moroccan coast:
571:
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897:
605:
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359:
In Abd el-Krim's memoirs authored by Jacques Roger-Mathieu, Abd el-Krim traces his ancestry to a certain patriarch named Zar'a who originated in
3016:
2602:
662:(the two latter under Spanish jurisdiction to this day). After Abd el-Krim invaded French-occupied Morocco in April 1925 and made it as far as
3138:
639:
in that country, and what it was known as the African "adventure" became referred to as the Moroccan "mess" or "cancer". A coup d'état led by
2916:
1800:
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tribe known as Ouled Sidi Mohammed ben Abd el-Krim, from which Abd el-Krim derived his name. Zar'a is believed to have immigrated to the
4871:
1454:. In exile, he continued his fierce anti-Western rhetoric, and he pushed to keep western trends from encroaching on Moroccan culture.
4739:
1535:
On 20 September 2023, Aicha El Khattabi, the daughter of the late Mohamed Ben Abdelkrim El Khattabi, passed away at the age of 81 in
666:, France decided to take strong steps to put down the revolt. The French government, in 1925, after conferencing with the Spanish in
382:
The majority of Moroccan and Arab authors consider Abd el-Krim's family to be Arab. Despite this, European authors such as historian
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17:
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Arab independence from European colonial rule and was celebrated in international media, thereby drawing attention to the ongoing
779:
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1240:
1236:
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He died in 1963, just after he had seen his hopes of a Maghreb independent of colonial powers completed by the independence of
644:
1485:
as "indissolubly part of Arab countries" and "having owed its existence to Islam," which he saw as an Arab and Muslim region.
309:. His guerrilla tactics, which included the first-ever use of tunneling as a technique of modern warfare, directly influenced
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72:
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Abd el-Krim received a customary formative education at a local school in Ajdir and subsequently attended an institute at
3287:
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620:. By July, the remainder of the 60,000 Spanish soldiers who were not killed or captured had fled to the coast, and into
4936:
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1204:
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1184:
4941:
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3237:
3222:
3150:
2943:"Late Aïcha El Khattabi Was a Patriot Viscerally Attached to Constants of the Kingdom (Associative Actors) | MapNews"
2293:
2237:
Entre pragmatisme, réformisme et modernisme: le rôle politico-religieux des Khattabi dans le Rif (Maroc) jusqu'à 1926
1894:
Entre pragmatisme, reformisme et modernisme: Le role politico-religieux des Khattabi dans le Rif (Maroc) jusqu'a 1926
1883:
1728:
4951:
4628:
4128:
3051:
1741:
1418:
1101:
3175:"Abd el-Krim's guerrilla war against Spain and France in North Africa: An adventure setting for screen melodramas"
2283:
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3357:
1643:
1544:
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683:
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3352:
1834:
1792:
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846:
552:, to dismantle the entire French-Spanish colonial project in Morocco and to introduce modern political reform.
2968:"Funeral in Casablanca of Late Aïcha El Khattabi, in Presence of Prince Moulay Rachid – The North Africa Post"
3996:
1963:. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp.
1050:
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3630:
601:
205:
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724:
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4074:
3301:
3095:
1411:
1350:
1345:
704:
636:
457:
293:; 1882 or 1883 – 6 February 1963), was a Moroccan political and military leader and the president of the
194:
4971:
4946:
4646:
4098:
3388:
3341:
2992:"Cien años de 'El desastre de Annual' (VII): Abd el-Krim, de estudiante en Salamanca a caudillo rifeño"
1360:
1177:
1155:
1106:
600:, Spanish troops approached the unoccupied areas of the Rif. Abd-el-Krim sent their commander, General
523:
in 1915. He taught at a Hispano-Arabic school and was an editor for the Arab section of the newspaper,
1594:
413:
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4205:
4092:
4032:
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3439:
3424:
1326:
949:
682:
Intense combat lasted ten months, but eventually, the combined French and Spanish armies, which used
3615:
1583:
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4817:
4734:
4704:
4361:
4319:
4134:
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3133:
1808:
734:
628:
671:
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4891:
4349:
4235:
4187:
3936:
3839:
3640:
3383:
3310:
3039:
1587:
1267:
1250:
1074:
2514:
2326:
912:
4881:
4866:
4558:
4409:
4367:
4199:
4026:
3645:
3492:
3487:
2252:
1989:
1964:
1955:
1821:
1639:
1010:
640:
597:
3419:
2541:
2059:
4991:
4719:
4573:
4439:
4403:
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4325:
4247:
4217:
4175:
3960:
3906:
3742:
3429:
2617:
2235:
2199:
1869:
1512:
invited him back to Morocco. He refused as long as French forces were on North African soil.
1509:
1079:
3758:
2164:
4996:
4724:
4658:
4433:
4331:
4283:
4229:
3978:
3888:
3882:
3706:
2457:"El desastre de Annual. El pleito de las responsabilidades en la gran prensa (1921 - 1923)"
811:
174:
8:
5006:
4421:
4343:
4313:
4122:
4080:
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4008:
3942:
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617:
549:
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405:
353:
294:
228:
223:
3635:
3625:
1015:
4481:
4463:
4277:
4104:
3449:
3444:
3196:
2721:"صفية الجزائري: جدي هو ع القادر الجزائري والخطابي أمرني بمغادرة المغرب بعد أحداث الريف"
2668:
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2117:
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1279:
1005:
713:
392:
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3162:
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2694:
2648:
2623:
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2574:
2547:
2520:
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2282:
El Khattabi, Mohamed ben Abdelkrim; Galissot, René; Rosa de Madariaga, Maria (2017).
2205:
2180:
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2065:
1968:
1879:
1848:
1830:
1788:
1773:
1762:
1724:
1709:
1694:
1679:
1664:
1069:
969:
964:
917:
851:
676:
256:
2742:"صفية الجزائري: رشيد زار الريفيين في 58-59 بأمر من والده محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي"
1572:
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3188:
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2001:
1826:
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1321:
1316:
1304:
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981:
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613:
609:
450:
322:
251:
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3192:
2288:(in French). Translated by El Azzemouri, Thami. Rabat: Bouregreg. pp. 24–27.
596:
In 1921, as a byproduct of their efforts to destroy the power of a local brigand,
4675:
4652:
4086:
4068:
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3599:
3527:
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Next publication of Abd el-Krim's biography in base of official Spanish documents
3142:
2619:جامعة الدول العربية وحركات التحرر في المغرب العربي: 1962- 1952 (الجزائر أنموذجًا)
1754:
1284:
1229:
991:
974:
882:
764:
588:
286:
274:
3277:
3040:"La espiral irresistible: la Gran Guerra y el Protectorado español en Marruecos"
3017:"Abd el-Krim: el oscuro pasado de amor a España que avergonzó al diablo del Rif"
545:
from 1916 to 1918 but then escaped. He regained his job as a judge in Melilla.
533:
indeed one of the leading elements of the German–Turkish operations in the Rif.
4773:
4709:
4457:
4427:
4265:
4193:
4140:
3563:
3558:
3434:
2917:"Au Maroc, disparition de Aïcha El Khattabi, fille d'Abdelkrim – Jeune Afrique"
2806:"صفية الجزائري: الحسن الثاني خاطب إدريس الخطابي قائلا "الصلاة لا تجوز في القصر"
1812:
1602:
1397:
1383:
1257:
759:
561:
383:
246:
2869:"صفية الجزائري: ابن شقيق الخطابي اقتحم القصر الملكي و"شنق" على مدير التشريفات"
2588:
4855:
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3747:
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3542:
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3103:
3069:
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Globalizing Morocco : transnational activism and the post-colonial state
2472:
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2184:
2137:
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1136:
1089:
986:
870:
858:
499:
376:
349:
345:(Islamic judge and chief local leader) of the Ait Youssef ou Ali clan of the
4469:
3282:
2763:"صفية الجزائري: أخ رشيد الخطابي كان يتدرب مع أعبابو قبل المحاولة الانقلابية"
2616:بوسيافة, رشيد ولد; السياسات, المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة (1 January 2021).
2268:
2005:
487:(1906–1915). In 1907, he was hired to edit and write articles in Arabic for
4552:
4527:
4521:
4498:
4289:
4002:
3954:
3900:
3864:
3809:
3789:
3507:
3497:
2568:
1804:
1478:
799:
663:
511:
Abd el-Krim entered the Spanish administration first as a secretary in the
471:
442:
409:
3060:
2891:"King Mohammed VI Extends Condolences to Family of Late Aicha El Khattabi"
2848:"صفية الجزائري: الحسن الثاني سلم عمر الخطابي مسدسا وقال له: أفرغه في رأسك"
2783:
2129:
475:
Abd el-Krim (far left) shown while he worked for the Native Affairs Office
4355:
4223:
4155:
4145:
3990:
3215:
A Country with a Government and a Flag: The Rif War in Morocco, 1921-1926
1547:. The body of the deceased was buried in the Errahma cemetery, after the
1498:
1469:
and called on North African soldiers serving for France to desert to the
1466:
1262:
542:
504:
318:
310:
297:. He and his brother M'Hammad led a large-scale revolt by a coalition of
33:
3532:
1438:
582:
57:
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4391:
4379:
4307:
4271:
4259:
4253:
4241:
4211:
4169:
4163:
4014:
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3918:
3912:
2089:"Abd el-Krim | Berber Leader, Moroccan Resistance Fighter | Britannica"
1536:
924:
877:
806:
747:
314:
189:
1447:
651:
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4397:
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4301:
4181:
4050:
4038:
4020:
3984:
3930:
3894:
3876:
3398:
3135:
Il était une fois le Maroc : témoignages du passé judéo-marocain
2784:"صفية الجزائري: الحسن الثاني كان يخاف أن تنقلب عليه العائلة الخطابية"
1598:
Cross of Military Merit (Spain; Grand Cross - White Decoration; 1910)
1470:
1160:
742:
425:
3174:
2281:
461:
4622:
4513:
3153:); Second edition : www.iuniverse.com, Bloomington, IN, 2012,
2827:"صفية الجزائري: ابن شقيق الخطابي عُزل من الجيش بعد انقلاب الصخيرات"
2698:
2672:
1678:, University of North Carolina Press: Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
1224:
1219:
1096:
934:
688:
298:
3340:
4610:
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3537:
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1532:
Abd el-Krim had 6 sons and 5 daughters from two different women.
1521:
1482:
1165:
929:
752:
659:
621:
520:
480:
453:
438:
430:
346:
338:
306:
154:
2622:(in Arabic). المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات. p. 51.
2543:
The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East
2485:
The date of surrender is in dispute, as some sources say 27 May.
1736:
1446:
Following his surrender Abd el-Krim was exiled to the island of
627:
The catastrophic defeat of the Spanish forces at Annual and the
333:
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Karim was born in 1882 in the settlement of
4788:
4783:
4680:
3265:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2118:"La figure d'Abdelkrim Al Khattabi à la hauteur de notre temps"
1540:
667:
465:
417:
2344:
2342:
4778:
4634:
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1451:
655:
368:
364:
360:
334:
170:
150:
2366:
1737:"Abd-el-Krim al-Khattabi: The Unknown Mentor of Che Guevara"
2339:
1785:
Who's Who in Military History: From 1453 to the Present Day
516:
401:
342:
301:
tribes against the Spanish and French Protectorates of the
400:
In some instances, Abd el-Krim was attributed ancestry to
2240:(in French). Rijkuniversiteit te Leiden. pp. 21, 64.
372:
302:
3122:, (in French), Paris, Librairie des Champs Elysées, 1927
3120:
Mémoires d'Abd el Krim / recueillis par J. Roger-Mathieu
3243:
Tamburini, F. (Sep 2005) "I gas nella guerra del Rif",
2647:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. pp. 53–84.
2383:
1914:
1912:
1442:
Abd el-Krim boarding a train in Fes on his way to exile
27:
Moroccan political and military leader (1882/1883–1963)
4764:
2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny
2354:
2012:
1825:. Vol. XII (2nd ed.). Leiden, Netherlands:
3252:
Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion
3145:, éd. du Lys, www.editionsdulys.ca, Montréal, 2010 (
2695:"الاميرة/ مني محمد عبد الكريم الخطابي"
1909:
2413:
1954:
3127:Mémoires II, la Crise franco-marocaine, 1955—1956
2039:
624:, defeated by an army of 30,000 Rifian fighters.
4853:
1863:(in French), Paris: Librairie des Champs Elysées
1704:Castro, F., Ramonet, I. & Hurley, A. (2008)
441:. At the age of 20, he studied for two years in
341:. He was the son of Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi, a
4897:Heads of state of former unrecognized countries
2615:
3342:Franco-Spanish conquest of Morocco (1844–1934)
2033:Fidel Castro: My Life - A Spoken Autobiography
1772:, History Fund Publications: Tucson, Arizona.
456:and subsequently enrolled as a student at the
3774:
3326:
3288:Biography of Abd el-Krim in tha mazight (Rif)
3076:
2377:
2348:
1858:
1706:Fidel Castro: My Life: a Spoken Autobiography
1419:
629:ensuing massacre of Spaniards at Monte Arruit
479:Following his studies, Abd el-Krim worked in
423:In a later interview in 1952 with the weekly
321:. He also became one of the major figures of
2669:"الاستاذ المحاسب المرحوم حسن وصفي محمد وصفي"
2115:
2035:. Translated by Hurley, Andrew. p. 680.
1661:War in the Shadows: The Guerrilla in History
670:, sent a massive French force under Marshal
2986:
2984:
2888:
2546:. Cambridge University Press. p. 247.
2454:
2197:
1590:(Spain; Grand Cross - Red Decoration; 1910)
1539:. Her funeral took place 2 days later on a
1508:After Morocco gained independence in 1956,
1481:from 1954 to 1962. Abd el-Krim defined the
1473:. He encouraged and supported the Algerian
604:, a warning that if the troops crossed the
429:, Abd el-Krim defined himself as an ethnic
3781:
3767:
3333:
3319:
2601:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2432:
2430:
2428:
1847:, Greenwood Press: Westport, Connecticut.
1721:The Reader's Companion to Military History
1719:Cowley, R. & Parker, G. (eds.) (1996)
1493:He was nominally appointed as head of the
1426:
1412:
468:. Both spoke fluent Spanish and Riffian.
56:
4740:Al-Sayf al-Saqil fi al-Radd ala Ibn Zafil
3173:Er, Mevliyar; Rich, Paul B. (July 2015),
3059:
2461:Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar
2030:
645:a dictatorship in Spain in September 1923
352:tribe. He was named qadi in the 1880s by
3037:
2981:
2889:Ntungwabona, Ahmed (23 September 2023).
2389:
2250:
2061:Indo-West Asian Relations: The Nehru Era
2057:
1987:
1495:Liberation Committee of the Arab Maghreb
1465:from 1946 to 1954, he corresponded with
1437:
581:
565:
507:, where Abdelkrim was imprisoned in 1916
498:
470:
85:18 September 1921 – 27 May 1926
4957:Moroccan Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
3254:, Stanford University Press, California
2642:
2566:
2539:
2425:
2149:
2147:
2018:
1871:Islamism and Secularism in North Africa
1798:
1783:Keegan, J. & Wheatcroft, A. (2014)
555:
14:
4854:
3172:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2861:
2840:
2819:
2798:
2776:
2755:
2734:
2713:
2687:
2661:
2512:
2360:
2324:
2233:
2124:(in French). Hors-série 5 (1): 15–24.
1918:
1891:
1770:The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif
3762:
3314:
3298:Newspaper clippings about Abd el-Krim
2516:The Encyclopedia of War, 5 Volume Set
2419:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2162:
1949:
1947:
1867:
1190:Revolution of the King and the People
684:chemical bombs against the population
612:, which they did with great success.
586:Abd el-Krim featured in the magazine
271:Muhammad bin ‘Abd al-Karīm al-Khaṭābī
3389:Second Franco-Moroccan War (1907–12)
2573:. Stanford, California. p. 67.
2540:Hannoum, Abdelmajid (10 June 2021).
2519:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3.
2325:Marmié, Nicolas (30 November 2009).
2144:
2111:
2109:
2083:
2081:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1676:Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain
1554:
73:President of the Republic of the Rif
3002:
2204:(in French). Héritage. p. 53.
1693:, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
1491:Moroccan struggle for independence.
515:, and he was later appointed chief
290:
278:
24:
4982:University of al-Qarawiyyin alumni
3210:(in French), Paris: France Empire.
3111:
2513:Martel, Gordon (17 January 2012).
2218:
2045:
1787:, Routledge Publishing: New York.
1734:
541:(1879–1962). He was imprisoned in
416:also denies Abd el-Krim's alleged
25:
5018:
4872:African resistance to colonialism
3259:
3129:, (in French), Paris, Plon, 1984
2116:de Madariaga, María Rosa (2021).
2106:
2078:
2031:Castro, Fidel; Ramonet, Ignacio.
1924:
1861:Abdelkrim, Mémoires d'Abd el Krim
784:(8th century BC – 7th century AD)
570:Abd el-Krim in an interview with
4572:
3815:
3814:
3803:
3791:Ash'ari school of Sunni theology
3440:Battle of Sidi Bou Othman (1912)
3425:Bombardment of Casablanca (1907)
3374:First Franco-Moroccan War (1844)
3264:
3052:Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
2177:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1231
2163:Miège, J.-L. (1 November 1984).
1742:Terrorism and Political Violence
1644:Order of the Republic of Tunisia
1638:
1628:
1612:
1601:
1593:
1582:
1571:
1561:
1391:
1377:
1102:Bombardment of Casablanca (1907)
723:
222:
204:
4987:20th-century Moroccan educators
4967:Moroccan independence activists
3358:Spanish protectorate in Morocco
2960:
2935:
2909:
2882:
2636:
2609:
2560:
2533:
2506:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2448:
2439:
2404:
2395:
2318:
2302:
2275:
2244:
2191:
2156:
1859:Roger-Mathieu, J., ed. (1927),
325:, which he actively supported.
4452:'Abdallah ibn 'Alawi al-Haddad
3379:Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60)
3353:French protectorate in Morocco
3077:Sánchez Pérez, Andrés (1973).
2923:(in French). 22 September 2023
2503:Keegan & Wheatcroft, p. 2.
2051:
2024:
1981:
1618:Medalla de la Paz de Marruecos
1577:Order of Isabella the Catholic
1185:Opposition to European control
494:
13:
1:
4129:Muhammad Metwalli al-Sha'rawi
3230:Morocco since 1830: A History
3193:10.1080/09592318.2015.1050847
3180:Small Wars & Insurgencies
1902:
1579:(Spain; Knight's Cross; 1910)
1501:is natural and a necessity."
1051:Anglo-Moroccan Treaty of 1856
328:
136:
4932:20th-century Moroccan judges
4296:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
4117:Muhammad al-Tahir ibn 'Ashur
3949:Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Iskandari
3727:Franco-Spanish Treaty (1912)
3430:Battle of Wolf Ravine (1909)
2311:Akher Saa : 1935 - 1952
2198:Abd-el-Krim (30 June 2022).
1896:(in French), Leuven: Peeters
1755:10.1080/09546553.2014.997355
1723:, Houghton Mifflin: Boston.
1646:(Tunisia; Grand Cross; 1960)
7:
4922:Moroccan emigrants to Egypt
4912:Moroccan Berber politicians
4902:Guerrilla warfare theorists
4099:Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Sanusi
3717:Morocco–Congo Treaty (1911)
3707:Algeciras Conference (1906)
3384:First Melilla War (1893–94)
3302:20th Century Press Archives
3278:The Notes of the Rif Revolt
3087:Revista de Historia Militar
2455:Gájate Bajo, María (2013).
1801:"Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm"
1237:Coup d'état attempt in 1971
1035:(beginning 19th century AD)
954:(beginning 11th century AD)
780:Classical to Late Antiquity
458:University of al-Qarawiyyin
195:University of al-Qarawiyyin
10:
5023:
4808:Ash'ari-related templates
4665:Ibn Abdelkarim al-Khattabi
4647:Emir Abdelkader al-Jazairi
3997:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
3631:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
3420:Bombardment of Salé (1851)
2494:Cowley & Parker, p. 1.
2327:"Attention, danger !"
1652:
1178:Tangier International Zone
1107:French conquest of Morocco
602:Manuel Fernández Silvestre
559:
279:محمد بن عبد الكريم الخطابي
31:
4937:Moroccan military leaders
4806:
4759:
4752:
4700:
4693:
4588:
4581:
4570:
4537:
4512:
4154:
4135:Muhammad 'Alawi al-Maliki
4093:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
3973:Khalil ibn Ishaq al-Jundi
3859:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
3849:
3830:
3798:
3735:
3684:
3664:
3608:
3592:
3574:Joseph-François Poeymirau
3551:
3475:
3468:
3450:Battle of El Herri (1914)
3445:Battle of El Ksiba (1913)
3435:Bloody Days of Fes (1912)
3412:
3394:Second Melilla War (1909)
3366:
3348:
3250:Woolman, David S. 1968.
2251:Montagne, Robert (1947).
1988:Montagne, Robert (1947).
1527:
1475:National Liberation Front
898:Territorial fragmentation
408:, founder of the city of
264:
242:
234:
217:
212:
200:
188:
180:
160:
132:
127:
123:
111:
99:
89:
78:
71:
67:
55:
48:
41:
4942:Moroccan revolutionaries
4907:Heads of state in Africa
4735:Al-Iqtisad fi al-I'tiqad
4705:Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari
4320:Nizam al-Din al-Nisapuri
3743:Tangier Crisis (1905–06)
3712:Pact of Cartagena (1907)
3697:Treaty of Wad Ras (1860)
3692:Treaty of Tangier (1844)
3460:Alhucemas Landing (1925)
3038:La Porte, Pablo (2017).
2234:Tahtah, Mohamed (1995).
2171:(in French) (1): 73–77.
2058:Heptulla, Najma (1991).
1663:, iUniverse Publishing.
1543:, which was attended by
1515:
999:other political entities
694:
513:Bureau of Native Affairs
49:
18:Abd al-Karim al-Khattabi
4952:Moroccan schoolteachers
4605:'Abd al-Mu'min ibn 'Ali
4350:Shams al-Din al-Kirmani
4236:Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani
4188:Abu Ishaq al-Isfarayini
4033:Al-Maqqari al-Tilimsani
3937:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
3621:Arsenio Martínez-Campos
3455:Battle of Annual (1921)
3283:The Republic of the Rif
2643:Stenner, David (2019).
2567:Stenner, David (2019).
2269:10.3406/polit.1947.5495
2006:10.3406/polit.1947.5495
1961:Encyclopædia Britannica
1691:Modern Spain: 1875-1980
1588:Cross of Military Merit
1268:Western Sahara conflict
677:landed in Alhucemas bay
414:María Rosa de Madariaga
4559:Abu Hayyan al-Andalusi
4470:Bediuzzaman Said Nursi
4410:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
4368:Nur al-Din al-Haythami
4206:Abu Nu'aym al-Isfahani
4200:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
4027:Ahmad Baba al-Timbukti
3961:Ibn al-Hajj al-'Abdari
3646:Miguel Primo de Rivera
3616:Juan García y Margallo
3493:Mouha ou Hammou Zayani
3488:Mulai Ahmed er Raisuni
3228:Pennell, C. R. (2000)
2285:Mémoires de la Réunion
2201:Mémoires d'Abd-el-Krim
1822:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1799:Pennell, C.R. (2004).
1708:, Scribner: New York.
1477:insurgents during the
1457:Abd el-Krim supported
1443:
1011:Principality of Debdou
902:(10th–11th century AD)
641:Miguel Primo de Rivera
593:
579:
508:
503:Cell at the Kasbah of
476:
375:and settled among the
184:Lalla Mimouna Boujibar
5002:People of the Rif War
4720:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
4659:'Izz al-Din al-Qassam
4440:Al-Khatib al-Shirbini
4404:Nur al-Din al-Samhudi
4386:Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani
4362:Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi
4326:Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi
4248:Al-Raghib al-Isfahani
4218:Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi
4176:Al-Hakim al-Nishapuri
3907:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
3273:at Wikimedia Commons
3213:Pennell, C.R. (1986)
3096:Ministerio de Defensa
3061:10.20318/hn.2017.3499
2436:Pierson, pp. 126-127.
2130:10.3917/naqd.hs5.0015
2064:. Allied Publishers.
1735:Er, Mevliyar (2015),
1551:and funeral prayers.
1510:Mohammed V of Morocco
1441:
878:Barghwata confederacy
836:(8th–10th century AD)
672:Henri Philippe Pétain
585:
569:
502:
474:
379:in the 10th century.
235:Years of service
4725:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
4641:Al-Nasir ibn Qalawun
4434:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
4332:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
4284:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
4230:Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi
3979:Abu Ishaq al-Shatibi
3889:Abu Bakr al-Turtushi
3883:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
3840:Abu Hasan al-Ash'ari
3748:Agadir Crisis (1911)
3722:Treaty of Fes (1912)
3702:Treaty of Fes (1894)
3206:Montagne, R. (1954)
2445:Asprey, pp. 267-274.
2169:Encyclopédie berbère
1868:Ruedy, John (1996),
1845:The History of Spain
1659:Asprey, R.B. (2002)
1620:(Spain; Medal; 1910)
1609:(Spain; Medal; 1910)
1545:Prince Moulay Rachid
1463:French Indochina War
1149:Spanish protectorate
1056:Hispano-Moroccan War
913:Caliphate of Córdoba
871:Emirate of Sijilmasa
812:Mauretania Tingitana
556:Guerrilla leadership
526:El Telegrama del Rif
489:El Telegrama del Rif
106:Position established
32:For other uses, see
4917:Moroccan dissidents
4482:'Abdallah al-Harari
4422:Zakariyya al-Ansari
4344:Taj al-Din al-Subki
4123:Abdel-Halim Mahmoud
4063:Muhammad al-Zurqani
4009:Ahmad al-Wansharisi
3569:Paul Prosper Henrys
3399:Zaian War (1914–21)
3208:Révolution au Maroc
3132:Bensoussan, David,
2645:Globalizing Morocco
2257:Politique étrangère
1994:Politique étrangère
1843:Pierson, P. (1999)
1461:causes. During the
1246:Moulay Bouazza plot
1144:French protectorate
1085:Treaty of Algeciras
1046:Franco-Moroccan War
817:Exarchate of Africa
618:Republic of the Rif
550:Republic of the Rif
402:Umar ibn al-Khattab
386:and anthropologist
295:Republic of the Rif
281:), better known as
229:Republic of the Rif
62:Abd el-Krim in 1922
4617:Abu Bakr ibn Ayyub
4464:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
3641:José Millán-Astray
3584:Henry de Bournazel
3513:Sidi Ahmed El Hiba
3141:2012-04-02 at the
2895:Morocco World News
2675:. 11 November 2001
2378:Sánchez Pérez 1973
2349:Roger-Mathieu 1927
2153:Hart, pp. 370-371.
2093:www.britannica.com
1892:Tahtah, M (1999),
1876:Palgrave Macmillan
1768:Hart, D.M. (1976)
1444:
1398:History portal
1384:Morocco portal
1280:Hirak Rif Movement
1275:2011–2012 protests
637:Restoration regime
594:
580:
537:the German consul
509:
477:
367:, belonging to an
118:Position abolished
4972:People from Ajdir
4947:Moroccan scholars
4849:
4848:
4802:
4801:
4748:
4747:
4689:
4688:
4599:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
4568:
4567:
4075:M'Hamed al-Azhari
4039:Ibrahim al-Laqani
3871:Abu Imran al-Fasi
3756:
3755:
3680:
3679:
3483:Mohammed Ameziane
3404:Rif War (1921–26)
3269:Media related to
3232:, Hurst: London.
3167:978-1-4759-2609-5
3159:978-1-4759-2608-8
2996:El Cierre Digital
2629:978-614-445-408-4
2580:978-1-5036-0900-6
2553:978-1-108-95211-8
2526:978-1-4051-9037-4
2211:978-2-493295-45-3
2071:978-81-7023-340-4
1974:978-1-59339-837-8
1853:978-0-313-30272-5
1807:; Bianquis, Th.;
1714:978-1-4165-5328-1
1607:Medalla de África
1555:Honors and awards
1436:
1435:
1070:Treaty of Wad Ras
1001:
918:Fatimid Caliphate
852:Umayyad Caliphate
614:During the attack
485:Telegrama del Rif
268:
267:
257:Alhucemas landing
168:(aged 80–81)
16:(Redirected from
5014:
4962:Moroccan writers
4877:Berber Moroccans
4841:
4840:Islamic theology
4834:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4757:
4756:
4715:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
4698:
4697:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4314:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
4111:Ahmad al-Ghumari
4081:Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba
4057:Al-Hasan al-Yusi
4045:Muhammad Mayyara
3943:Ibn Daqiq al-'Id
3847:
3846:
3842:
3834:
3833:Ash'ari scholars
3822:
3818:
3817:
3810:Islam portal
3808:
3807:
3806:
3792:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3656:Francisco Franco
3636:Dámaso Berenguer
3626:José Marina Vega
3503:Mhand n'Ifrutant
3473:
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2928:
2921:JeuneAfrique.com
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2048:, pp. 1–23.
2043:
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2016:
2010:
2009:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1951:
1922:
1916:
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1888:
1864:
1840:
1765:
1689:Carr, R. (1980)
1674:Boyd, C. (1979)
1642:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1616:
1605:
1597:
1586:
1575:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1459:Arab nationalist
1428:
1421:
1414:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1334:History by topic
1211:
1210:
1173:Tangier Protocol
1128:
1127:
1075:Treaty of Madrid
1037:
1036:
1016:Republic of Salé
998:
956:
955:
904:
903:
866:Emirate of Nekor
838:
837:
786:
785:
727:
717:
699:
698:
598:Ahmed er Raisuni
396:
323:Arab nationalism
305:and the rest of
292:
280:
252:Battle of Annual
227:
226:
213:Military service
208:
167:
164:February 6, 1963
148:
147:
145:
138:
128:Personal details
114:
102:
92:
83:
60:
39:
38:
21:
5022:
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5017:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5012:
5011:
4927:Moroccan exiles
4887:Berber scholars
4852:
4851:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4832:
4825:
4818:
4812:
4798:
4744:
4685:
4676:Ayyubid dynasty
4653:Omar al-Mukhtar
4582:Ash'ari leaders
4577:
4564:
4533:
4508:
4278:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
4150:
4105:Muhammad 'Ilish
4087:Ahmad al-Tijani
4069:Ahmad al-Dardir
3838:
3836:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3804:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3757:
3752:
3731:
3676:
3672:Mohamed Meziane
3660:
3604:
3600:Thami El Glaoui
3588:
3579:Philippe Pétain
3547:
3528:Assou Oubasslam
3464:
3408:
3362:
3344:
3339:
3262:
3257:
3247:, n.145, a.XIII
3245:Storia Militare
3143:Wayback Machine
3114:
3112:Further reading
3081:
3029:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3003:
2998:. 28 July 2021.
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2367:
2359:
2355:
2347:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2314:. January 1935.
2308:
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2196:
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2152:
2145:
2114:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2056:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1953:
1952:
1925:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1886:
1837:
1817:Heinrichs, W.P.
1655:
1629:
1627:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1530:
1518:
1432:
1403:
1392:
1390:
1378:
1376:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1361:Imperial cities
1306:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1285:Abraham Accords
1230:Moroccanization
1214:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1156:French Conquest
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1006:Zawiya Dila'iya
1000:
994:
959:
958:
953:
952:
951:
941:
940:
939:
907:
906:
901:
900:
899:
889:
888:
887:
883:Idrisid dynasty
847:Muslim conquest
841:
840:
835:
834:
833:
823:
822:
821:
789:
788:
783:
782:
781:
771:
770:
769:
737:
715:
708:
697:
564:
558:
497:
390:
388:Robert Montagne
331:
221:
169:
165:
149:
143:
141:
139:
112:
100:
90:
84:
79:
63:
51:
44:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5020:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4977:Riffian people
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4892:Berber writers
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4760:
4754:
4750:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4710:Asas al-Taqdis
4707:
4701:
4695:
4694:Theology books
4691:
4690:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4650:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4629:Al-Ashraf Musa
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4596:
4589:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4543:
4541:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4467:
4461:
4458:Hasan al-Attar
4455:
4449:
4443:
4437:
4431:
4425:
4419:
4413:
4407:
4401:
4395:
4389:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4305:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4281:
4275:
4269:
4266:Al-Shahrastani
4263:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4221:
4215:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4141:Ahmed el-Tayeb
4138:
4132:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4102:
4096:
4090:
4084:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4054:
4048:
4042:
4036:
4030:
4024:
4018:
4012:
4006:
4000:
3994:
3988:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3964:
3958:
3952:
3946:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3913:Al-Qadi 'Ayyad
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3855:
3853:
3844:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3812:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3668:
3666:
3665:Spanish allies
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3564:Hubert Lyautey
3561:
3559:Charles Mangin
3555:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3543:Beni Ouryaghel
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3479:
3477:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3315:
3309:
3308:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3261:
3260:External links
3258:
3256:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3226:
3211:
3204:
3187:(4): 597–615,
3170:
3130:
3123:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3094:(34). Madrid:
3074:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3023:. 21 May 2020.
3001:
2980:
2959:
2947:www.mapnews.ma
2934:
2908:
2881:
2860:
2839:
2818:
2797:
2786:. 12 July 2015
2775:
2754:
2733:
2712:
2701:. 8 April 2008
2686:
2660:
2654:978-1503608115
2653:
2635:
2628:
2608:
2579:
2559:
2552:
2532:
2525:
2505:
2496:
2487:
2478:
2467:(3): 119–138.
2447:
2438:
2424:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2392:, p. 516.
2382:
2380:, p. 137.
2365:
2363:, p. 144.
2353:
2338:
2317:
2301:
2294:
2274:
2263:(3): 301–324.
2243:
2217:
2210:
2190:
2165:"'Abd el-Krim"
2155:
2143:
2105:
2077:
2070:
2050:
2038:
2023:
2021:, p. 634.
2011:
2000:(3): 301–324.
1980:
1973:
1923:
1921:, p. 143.
1907:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1889:
1884:
1865:
1856:
1841:
1835:
1813:van Donzel, E.
1809:Bosworth, C.E.
1796:
1781:
1778:978-0816504527
1766:
1749:(5): 137–159,
1732:
1717:
1702:
1687:
1672:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1624:
1623:
1622:
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1610:
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1580:
1556:
1553:
1529:
1526:
1517:
1514:
1434:
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1404:
1402:
1401:
1387:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1305:Morocco in the
1301:
1300:
1298:Related topics
1297:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1258:Madrid Accords
1254:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1209:(1956–present)
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:Tangier Crisis
1077:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1063:Protégé system
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1008:
996:
995:
989:
984:
978:
977:
972:
967:
961:
960:
948:
947:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
932:
927:
921:
920:
915:
909:
908:
896:
895:
894:
891:
890:
886:
885:
880:
874:
873:
868:
862:
861:
855:
854:
849:
843:
842:
830:
829:
828:
825:
824:
820:
819:
814:
809:
803:
802:
797:
791:
790:
778:
777:
776:
773:
772:
768:
767:
762:
760:Iberomaurusian
756:
755:
750:
745:
739:
738:
733:
732:
729:
728:
720:
719:
710:
709:
702:
696:
693:
606:Ameqqran River
572:Luis de Oteyza
562:Rif War (1920)
560:Main article:
557:
554:
539:Walter Zechlin
496:
493:
384:Germain Ayache
377:Beni Ouriaghel
330:
327:
266:
265:
262:
261:
260:
259:
254:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
202:
198:
197:
192:
186:
185:
182:
178:
177:
162:
158:
157:
134:
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
103:
97:
96:
93:
91:Prime Minister
87:
86:
76:
75:
69:
68:
65:
64:
61:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5019:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:Berber rebels
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4867:Sunni Muslims
4865:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4842:
4837:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4769:Ahl al-Hadith
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4671:Al-Muwahhidun
4669:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4657:
4654:
4651:
4648:
4645:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4633:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4597:
4594:
4593:Nizam al-Mulk
4591:
4590:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4551:
4548:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4504:Gibril Haddad
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4476:Noah al-Qudah
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4453:
4450:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4416:Al-Qastallani
4414:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4393:
4390:
4387:
4384:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4374:Ibn al-Jazari
4372:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4345:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4270:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4228:
4225:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
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4189:
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4118:
4115:
4112:
4109:
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4103:
4100:
4097:
4094:
4091:
4088:
4085:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4073:
4070:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4052:
4049:
4046:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4034:
4031:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3935:
3932:
3929:
3926:
3925:Ibn al-Qattan
3923:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3911:
3908:
3905:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3881:
3878:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3866:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3829:
3823:
3813:
3811:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3673:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3651:José Sanjurjo
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:French allies
3591:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3518:Ma al-'Aynayn
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3365:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3331:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3307:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3267:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3239:
3238:9781850652731
3235:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:9780906559239
3220:
3217:, Menas: UK.
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3151:2-922505-14-6
3148:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3044:Hispania Nova
3041:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3012:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2997:
2993:
2987:
2985:
2969:
2963:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2870:
2864:
2849:
2843:
2828:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2785:
2779:
2764:
2758:
2743:
2737:
2722:
2716:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2612:
2604:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2563:
2555:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2522:
2518:
2517:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2422:, p. 59.
2421:
2416:
2407:
2401:Boyd, p. 175.
2398:
2391:
2390:La Porte 2017
2386:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2357:
2351:, p. 56.
2350:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2332:Jeune Afrique
2328:
2321:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2295:9789954970607
2291:
2287:
2286:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:"Abd el Krim"
2247:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2203:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2150:
2148:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2110:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2054:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:"Abd el Krim"
1984:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1956:"Abd el-Krim"
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1895:
1890:
1887:
1885:0-312-16087-9
1881:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1729:9780395669693
1726:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1440:
1429:
1424:
1422:
1417:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:Years of lead
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:Treaty of Fez
1135:
1134:
1129:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:Agadir Crisis
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1002:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
957:
945:
944:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
905:
893:
892:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
872:
869:
867:
864:
863:
860:
859:Berber Revolt
857:
856:
853:
850:
848:
845:
844:
839:
832:Early Islamic
827:
826:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
796:
793:
792:
787:
775:
774:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
740:
736:
731:
730:
726:
722:
721:
718:
712:
711:
706:
701:
700:
692:
690:
685:
680:
678:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
648:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:coup de grace
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
591:
590:
584:
577:
573:
568:
563:
553:
551:
546:
544:
540:
534:
530:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
506:
501:
492:
490:
486:
482:
473:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
427:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
398:
394:
389:
385:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
355:
351:
350:Ait Ouriaghel
348:
344:
340:
336:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
288:
284:
276:
272:
263:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
225:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
176:
172:
163:
159:
156:
152:
135:
131:
126:
122:
119:
116:
110:
107:
104:
98:
94:
88:
82:
77:
74:
70:
66:
59:
54:
47:
40:
35:
30:
19:
4992:1880s births
4667:(d. 1382 AH)
4664:
4661:(d. 1354 AH)
4655:(d. 1350 AH)
4649:(d. 1300 AH)
4528:Ibn al-Jawzi
4499:Ali al-Jifri
4490:(d. 1434 AH)
4484:(d. 1432 AH)
4478:(d. 1432 AH)
4472:(d. 1379 AH)
4466:(d. 1304 AH)
4460:(d. 1230 AH)
4454:(d. 1132 AH)
4448:(d. 1031 AH)
4290:Ibn al-Salah
4137:(d. 1425 AH)
4131:(d. 1419 AH)
4125:(d. 1397 AH)
4119:(d. 1393 AH)
4113:(d. 1380 AH)
4107:(d. 1299 AH)
4101:(d. 1276 AH)
4095:(d. 1230 AH)
4089:(d. 1230 AH)
4083:(d. 1224 AH)
4077:(d. 1208 AH)
4071:(d. 1201 AH)
4065:(d. 1122 AH)
4059:(d. 1102 AH)
4053:(d. 1090 AH)
4047:(d. 1072 AH)
4041:(d. 1041 AH)
4035:(d. 1041 AH)
4029:(d. 1036 AH)
4003:Ahmad Zarruq
3955:Ibn Adjurrum
3901:Ibn Barrajan
3865:Al-Baqillani
3522:
3508:Ali Amhaouch
3498:Moha ou Said
3263:
3251:
3244:
3229:
3214:
3207:
3184:
3178:
3134:
3126:
3119:
3091:
3085:
3047:
3043:
3032:Bibliography
3020:
2995:
2973:25 September
2971:. Retrieved
2962:
2952:25 September
2950:. Retrieved
2946:
2937:
2927:25 September
2925:. Retrieved
2920:
2911:
2901:25 September
2899:. Retrieved
2894:
2884:
2874:15 September
2872:. Retrieved
2863:
2853:15 September
2851:. Retrieved
2842:
2832:15 September
2830:. Retrieved
2821:
2811:15 September
2809:. Retrieved
2800:
2790:15 September
2788:. Retrieved
2778:
2768:15 September
2766:. Retrieved
2757:
2747:15 September
2745:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:15 September
2724:. Retrieved
2715:
2705:15 September
2703:. Retrieved
2689:
2679:15 September
2677:. Retrieved
2663:
2644:
2638:
2618:
2611:
2569:
2562:
2542:
2535:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2481:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2441:
2415:
2410:Carr, p. 94.
2406:
2397:
2385:
2356:
2330:
2320:
2310:
2304:
2284:
2277:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2236:
2200:
2193:
2168:
2158:
2121:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2060:
2053:
2041:
2032:
2026:
2019:Pennell 2004
2014:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1960:
1893:
1870:
1860:
1844:
1820:
1784:
1769:
1746:
1740:
1720:
1705:
1690:
1675:
1660:
1534:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1503:
1487:
1479:Algerian War
1456:
1445:
1389:
1375:
1333:
1239: /
1122:Protectorate
997:
795:Carthaginian
681:
649:
632:
631:delivered a
626:
595:
587:
575:
547:
535:
531:
524:
510:
488:
484:
478:
436:
424:
422:
399:
381:
358:
332:
282:
270:
269:
243:Battles/wars
166:(1963-02-06)
117:
113:Succeeded by
105:
80:
29:
4997:1963 deaths
4774:Ahl al-Ra'y
4643:(d. 741 AH)
4637:(d. 658 AH)
4631:(d. 635 AH)
4625:(d. 635 AH)
4619:(d. 615 AH)
4613:(d. 589 AH)
4607:(d. 558 AH)
4601:(d. 500 AH)
4595:(d. 485 AH)
4561:(d. 745 AH)
4555:(d. 592 AH)
4549:(d. 524 AH)
4530:(d. 534 AH)
4524:(d. 508 AH)
4442:(d. 977 AH)
4436:(d. 974 AH)
4430:(d. 973 AH)
4428:Al-Sha'rani
4424:(d. 926 AH)
4418:(d. 923 AH)
4412:(d. 918 AH)
4406:(d. 911 AH)
4400:(d. 911 AH)
4394:(d. 902 AH)
4388:(d. 852 AH)
4382:(d. 845 AH)
4376:(d. 833 AH)
4370:(d. 807 AH)
4364:(d. 806 AH)
4358:(d. 794 AH)
4356:Al-Zarkashi
4352:(d. 786 AH)
4346:(d. 771 AH)
4340:(d. 764 AH)
4334:(d. 756 AH)
4328:(d. 742 AH)
4322:(d. 728 AH)
4316:(d. 702 AH)
4310:(d. 685 AH)
4304:(d. 676 AH)
4298:(d. 660 AH)
4292:(d. 643 AH)
4286:(d. 606 AH)
4280:(d. 578 AH)
4274:(d. 571 AH)
4272:Ibn 'Asakir
4268:(d. 548 AH)
4262:(d. 516 AH)
4256:(d. 505 AH)
4250:(d. 502 AH)
4244:(d. 478 AH)
4238:(d. 471 AH)
4232:(d. 476 AH)
4226:(d. 465 AH)
4224:Al-Qushayri
4220:(d. 463 AH)
4214:(d. 458 AH)
4208:(d. 430 AH)
4202:(d. 429 AH)
4196:(d. 427 AH)
4194:Al-Tha'labi
4190:(d. 418 AH)
4184:(d. 406 AH)
4178:(d. 405 AH)
4172:(d. 371 AH)
4166:(d. 354 AH)
4146:Hamza Yusuf
4023:(d. 954 AH)
4017:(d. 953 AH)
4011:(d. 914 AH)
4005:(d. 899 AH)
3999:(d. 876 AH)
3993:(d. 808 AH)
3991:Ibn Khaldun
3987:(d. 803 AH)
3981:(d. 790 AH)
3975:(d. 776 AH)
3969:(d. 741 AH)
3963:(d. 737 AH)
3957:(d. 723 AH)
3951:(d. 709 AH)
3945:(d. 702 AH)
3939:(d. 684 AH)
3933:(d. 672 AH)
3927:(d. 628 AH)
3921:(d. 581 AH)
3915:(d. 544 AH)
3909:(d. 543 AH)
3903:(d. 536 AH)
3897:(d. 536 AH)
3891:(d. 520 AH)
3885:(d. 474 AH)
3879:(d. 458 AH)
3873:(d. 430 AH)
3867:(d. 403 AH)
3861:(d. 386 AH)
3523:Abd el-Krim
3271:Abd el-Krim
3125:Abdelkrim,
3118:Abdelkrim,
3098:: 123–158.
3079:"Adbelkrim"
3054:: 500–526.
2897:. p. 1
2361:Tahtah 1999
1919:Tahtah 1999
1827:E. J. BRILL
1805:Bearman, P.
1499:Arab League
1467:Ho Chi Minh
1263:Green March
714:History of
691:(Targist).
576:La Libertad
543:Chefchaouen
505:Chefchaouen
495:World War I
447:Al Attarine
391: [
319:Che Guevara
311:Ho Chi Minh
283:Abd el-Krim
140: 1882
101:Preceded by
43:Abd el-Krim
34:Abdul Karim
5007:Guerrillas
4856:Categories
4547:Ibn Tumart
4392:Al-Sakhawi
4380:Al-Maqrizi
4308:Al-Baydawi
4260:Al-Baghawi
4254:Al-Ghazali
4242:Al-Juwayni
4212:Al-Bayhaqi
4170:Ibn Khafif
4164:Ibn Hibban
4051:Ibn 'Ashir
4015:Al-Akhdari
3985:Ibn 'Arafa
3967:Ibn Juzayy
3919:Al-Suhayli
3469:Key people
3050:. Getafe:
2589:1082294927
2420:Ruedy 1996
1903:References
1836:9004139745
1793:1136414169
1699:0192158287
1684:0807813680
1669:0595225942
1537:Casablanca
965:Almoravids
807:Mauretania
748:Mousterian
735:Prehistory
643:installed
578:" journal.
420:lineage.
329:Early life
315:Mao Zedong
291:عبد الكريم
218:Allegiance
190:Alma mater
95:Hajj Hatmi
50:عبد الكريم
4794:Al-Ahbash
4730:Al-Irshad
4553:Ibn Mada'
4522:Ibn 'Aqil
4494:Ali Gomaa
4446:Al-Munawi
4398:Al-Suyuti
4338:Al-Safadi
4302:Al-Nawawi
4182:Ibn Furak
4021:Al-Hattab
3931:Ibn Malik
3895:Al-Maziri
3877:Ibn Sidah
3609:Spaniards
3476:Moroccans
3201:143418422
3104:0482-5748
3070:1138-7319
2597:cite book
2473:2254-6111
2185:1015-7344
2138:1111-4371
1763:145622371
1635:Tunisia:
1471:Viet Minh
1161:Zaian War
1126:(1912–56)
982:Wattasids
935:Maghrawas
743:Acheulean
574:for the "
426:Akher Saa
418:sharifian
238:1921–1926
201:Signature
81:In office
4813:Maturidi
4753:See also
4623:Al-Kamil
4514:Hanbalis
4488:Al-Bouti
4156:Shafi'is
3821:Category
3685:Treaties
3533:Aït Atta
3161:, 620p.
3139:Archived
2699:Al Ahram
2673:Al Ahram
1819:(eds.).
1351:Military
1346:Economic
1225:Sand War
1220:Ifni War
1097:Hafidiya
975:Marinids
970:Almohads
930:Miknasas
925:Ifranids
705:a series
703:Part of
689:Targuist
592:in 1925.
454:madrasas
451:Saffarin
406:Idris II
354:Hassan I
4862:Asharis
4833:Shafi'i
4611:Saladin
4539:Zahiris
3851:Malikis
3538:Zayanes
3413:Battles
3304:of the
3300:in the
3169:(ebook)
2046:Er 2015
1653:Sources
1568:Spain:
1522:Algeria
1483:Maghreb
1448:Réunion
1241:in 1972
1166:Rif War
1031:Decline
765:Capsian
753:Aterian
716:Morocco
660:Melilla
652:Tetouan
635:to the
622:Melilla
521:Melilla
481:Melilla
445:at the
439:Tetouan
363:in the
339:Morocco
307:Morocco
299:Riffian
247:Rif War
155:Morocco
142: (
4826:Maliki
4819:Hanafi
4789:Sufism
4784:Tawhid
4681:Mamluk
3736:Crises
3552:French
3236:
3221:
3199:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3102:
3068:
2651:
2626:
2587:
2577:
2550:
2523:
2471:
2292:
2208:
2183:
2136:
2098:10 May
2068:
1971:
1882:
1851:
1833:
1791:
1776:
1761:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1667:
1633:
1566:
1541:Friday
1528:Family
1356:Postal
1341:Jewish
1205:Modern
992:Alawis
987:Saadis
950:Empire
707:on the
668:Madrid
466:Madrid
462:Málaga
431:Berber
347:Rifian
287:Arabic
275:Arabic
181:Spouse
4779:Kalam
4635:Qutuz
3197:S2CID
3082:(PDF)
1803:. In
1759:S2CID
1549:Dhuhr
1516:Death
1452:Cairo
1327:2010s
1322:2000s
1317:1990s
1312:1980s
1307:1970s
800:Roman
695:Exile
656:Ceuta
610:Anwal
395:]
365:Hejaz
361:Yanbu
335:Ajdir
175:Egypt
171:Cairo
151:Ajdir
3367:Wars
3234:ISBN
3219:ISBN
3163:ISBN
3155:ISBN
3147:ISBN
3100:ISSN
3092:XVII
3066:ISSN
2975:2023
2954:2023
2929:2023
2903:2023
2876:2017
2855:2017
2834:2017
2813:2017
2792:2017
2770:2017
2749:2017
2728:2017
2707:2017
2681:2017
2649:ISBN
2624:ISBN
2603:link
2585:OCLC
2575:ISBN
2548:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2469:ISSN
2290:ISBN
2206:ISBN
2181:ISSN
2134:ISSN
2122:NAQD
2100:2024
2066:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1880:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1831:ISBN
1789:ISBN
1774:ISBN
1725:ISBN
1710:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1680:ISBN
1665:ISBN
658:and
589:Time
519:for
517:qadi
464:and
449:and
404:and
369:Arab
343:qadi
317:and
161:Died
144:1882
133:Born
3306:ZBW
3189:doi
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