839:, The Economist (July 8, 2017), Quote: "The trouble began in October after a fishmonger called Mouhcine Fikri was crushed by a garbage compactor at a port in Al Hoceima, which is located in the Rif, a northern mountain region with a rebellious streak. Fikri was trying to retrieve fish that had been confiscated by the authorities. To locals, his death was a striking example of hogra—humiliating treatment by an abusive state. (...) The government has since exacerbated the situation with yet more hogra. In May it called the protesters separatists, though most are not, and suggested that they were foreign agents. (...) The unrest not only increased, but spread to other parts of the country, including Rabat, the capital, where on June 11th thousands of people rallied in support of the Riffians. All told, it is the largest display of public anger in Morocco since the Arab spring in 2011."
1666:
1219:
1867:
1480:
2123:
54:
871:
210:
They have inhabited an impoverished and an eroded, deforested, poorly irrigated region. Poverty rates and infant mortality rates among
Riffians have been high, according to a study published in 1980 by Terri Joseph. The Riffians have lived a largely settled, agricultural lifestyle, using hand tools,
237:
In 1958, some
Riffians revolted against the government. In the decades that followed, the Rif region has witnessed popular demonstrations and demands for better education, healthcare and job opportunities. A resurgent Riffian popular movement in 2010, their protests in 2013 and protests in 2017 for
206:
or
Spanish. Nineteen groups or social units of Riffians are known: five in the west along the Mediterranean coast which speak Riffian and Moroccan Arabic, seven in the centre of which one speaks mainly Moroccan Arabic and rest Riffian, five in the east and two in the southeastern desert area also
186:
According to Irina Casado i Aijon, Riffians have traditionally organized themselves under "patrilineality and patrilocality principles". The oldest man in the household commands authority and responsibility for decisions, while women jointly care for the young and sick without any discrimination.
211:
oxen and cattle to plow the steeply terraced land in their valleys. Horticultural produce along with sheep and goat meat, cheese, and milk provide the traditional sustenance. Some practice sardine-seining along the
Mediterranean coast.
187:
Like other
Berbers, temporary migration is an accepted tradition. The Riffians have been a significant source of Moroccan emigrants into some European countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.
226:(tambourine tapping). This tradition, states Hsain Ilahiane, is linked to the 11th-century destruction and deaths of the Riffian fathers during the raid by the Almoravid leader
234:
caused numerous deaths of
Riffian people and of Spanish as well as French soldiers. The Rif War witnessed the use of chemical weapons in the 1920s by the Spanish army.
214:
Riffians have experienced numerous wars over their history. Some of their cultural traditions reflects and remembers this history, such as the singing and dancing of
836:
2587:
2472:
2410:
2420:
903:
2567:
1160:
2577:
378:"Population légale des régions, provinces, préfectures, municipalités, arrondissements et communes du Royaume d'après les résultats du RGPH 2014"
1665:
2275:
242:– a humiliating treatment by an abusive state, has drawn public attention, as well as claims of brutal suppression by Moroccan authorities.
2739:
2405:
2300:
2238:
2079:
1617:
2527:
2477:
2455:
2435:
2415:
2390:
2380:
2370:
850:
2385:
2375:
1416:
2400:
1808:
2749:
896:
794:
767:
740:
713:
645:
618:
591:
564:
537:
511:
484:
441:
821:
1153:
2729:
2744:
2210:
889:
1218:
875:
1146:
2072:
1610:
1037:
962:
1409:
1080:
950:
202:. The languages spoken depend on the region, with many Riffians who speak a Berber language also speaking
2734:
2640:
1801:
2682:
1866:
2065:
1603:
1519:
384:
327:
2122:
1094:
955:
17:
2754:
1479:
1402:
1378:
945:
912:
1794:
1065:
933:
1169:
757:
732:
Chemical
Warfare Agents: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Second Edition
664:
Joseph, Terri Brint (1980). "Poetry as a
Strategy of Power: The Case of Rifian Berber Women".
581:
554:
527:
501:
2633:
2504:
1127:
938:
730:
456:
2203:
1569:
1047:
786:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
476:
Encyclopedia of
Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
433:
Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition
8:
1986:
1956:
1333:
1293:
920:
183:
Muslims, but retain their pre-Islamic traditions such as high status for Riffian women.
2699:
2667:
1971:
1258:
1243:
1233:
1015:
681:
2677:
2645:
2157:
2011:
1981:
1951:
1363:
1075:
1030:
1020:
817:
790:
763:
736:
709:
641:
614:
587:
560:
533:
507:
480:
437:
227:
685:
2687:
2672:
2088:
1976:
1921:
1626:
1104:
1089:
1070:
1025:
993:
928:
673:
332:
322:
199:
195:
106:
2662:
2657:
2572:
2349:
2196:
1881:
1529:
1323:
1109:
1099:
1060:
811:
784:
703:
635:
608:
474:
431:
203:
156:
139:
2021:
1991:
1851:
1720:
1524:
1425:
1248:
338:
176:
410:
218:, which literally means "Oh Lady oh Lady, oh Lady Buya" and is accompanied by
2723:
2607:
2592:
2562:
2532:
2268:
2177:
2006:
1817:
1750:
1710:
1574:
1544:
1509:
1499:
1358:
1273:
289:
728:
579:
2552:
1896:
1745:
1353:
1253:
1198:
759:
Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder After 1914
350:
270:
881:
583:
The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. and Europe
53:
2704:
2652:
2597:
2557:
2036:
2001:
1996:
1966:
1901:
1886:
1579:
1469:
1283:
1278:
983:
284:
168:
90:
2499:
2395:
2305:
2285:
2248:
2167:
1941:
1931:
1891:
1846:
1735:
1730:
1554:
1549:
1514:
1373:
1318:
1298:
1263:
1193:
1179:
998:
356:
1138:
580:
Malcolm Klein; Hans-JĂĽrgen Kerner; Cheryl Maxson; et al. (2012).
377:
2694:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2295:
2137:
1946:
1765:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1454:
1449:
1268:
1238:
553:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
526:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013). Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.).
500:
Irina Casado i Aijon (2013), Laura Oso; Natalia Ribas-Mateos (eds.),
606:
556:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
529:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
503:
The International Handbook on Gender, Migration and Transnationalism
2628:
2582:
2542:
2537:
2509:
2450:
2430:
2337:
2312:
2280:
2258:
2147:
2057:
2031:
2026:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1770:
1755:
1740:
1715:
1700:
1695:
1595:
1584:
1539:
1504:
1368:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1288:
1208:
1203:
677:
300:
855:. Harvard African studies.v. 9. University of Harvard. p. 38.
2612:
2547:
2487:
2482:
2465:
2460:
2440:
2342:
2243:
2233:
2219:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2112:
2098:
1760:
1650:
1636:
1394:
1338:
1008:
988:
231:
191:
172:
160:
152:
144:
78:
2016:
1786:
163:). Communities of Riffian immigrants are also found in southern
2494:
2445:
2425:
2354:
2253:
2046:
2041:
1961:
1936:
1841:
1725:
1564:
1559:
1534:
1348:
1343:
1055:
870:
250:
The Riffians are divided into these tribes and tribal groups:
2602:
2290:
1926:
1775:
1705:
1655:
1494:
1459:
1435:
1383:
1328:
1003:
978:
344:
180:
164:
2263:
2142:
1856:
1827:
1464:
2188:
729:
James A. Romano Jr.; Harry Salem; Brian J. Lukey (2007).
148:
532:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 450 with notes 2–8.
506:, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 450 with notes 2–8,
123:
129:
117:
813:
Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion
762:. University of California Press. pp. 147–149.
552:
525:
499:
697:
695:
607:Maurice Crul; Flip Lindo; Ching Lin Pang (1999).
425:
423:
421:
419:
2721:
809:
782:
776:
705:Historical Dictionary of the Berbers (Imazighen)
472:
429:
837:Rough in the Rif: Morocco’s unrest is worsening
692:
466:
701:
666:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
416:
2204:
2073:
1802:
1611:
1410:
1154:
897:
755:
659:
657:
633:
559:. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 439–449.
816:. Stanford University Press. pp. 1–17.
640:. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 1590–1592.
911:
672:(3). University of Chicago Press: 418–434.
627:
245:
2211:
2197:
2080:
2066:
1809:
1795:
1618:
1604:
1417:
1403:
1161:
1147:
904:
890:
654:
637:Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: L-R
519:
463:, page 12, 2005, Editions de Paris, Paris.
52:
405:
403:
401:
708:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 44.
409:The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica,
1168:
14:
2722:
663:
586:. Springer Science. pp. 166–167.
398:
138:
2192:
2061:
1790:
1599:
1398:
1142:
885:
2087:
1625:
848:
24:
2740:Indigenous peoples of North Africa
1424:
25:
2766:
1816:
863:
461:Le monde arabe existe-t-il ?
147:ethnic group originally from the
68:(4% of Moroccan population; 2014)
2121:
1865:
1664:
1478:
1217:
869:
613:. Het Spinhuis. pp. 66–67.
842:
830:
803:
749:
722:
600:
573:
546:
493:
450:
370:
13:
1:
610:Culture, Structure and Beyond
363:
2750:Muslim communities in Africa
230:. In more modern times, the
207:speak the Riffian language.
130:
118:
7:
2218:
849:Coon, Charleton S. (1931).
316:
10:
2771:
413:, Encyclopaedia Britannica
216:Ayara Liyara, Ayara Labuya
179:. They are overwhelmingly
124:
110:
2730:Berber peoples and tribes
2621:
2520:
2363:
2226:
2130:
2119:
2105:
2095:
1874:
1863:
1834:
1824:
1673:
1662:
1643:
1633:
1487:
1476:
1442:
1432:
1226:
1215:
1186:
1176:
1120:
1046:
971:
919:
810:David S. Woolman (1968).
789:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
783:James B. Minahan (2016).
735:. CRC Press. p. 11.
479:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
473:James B. Minahan (2016).
436:. ABC-CLIO. p. 352.
430:James B. Minahan (2016).
385:Haut Commissariat au Plan
328:Senhaja de Srair language
89:
84:
77:
72:
65:
60:
51:
44:
2745:Ethnic groups in Morocco
1095:Standard Moroccan Berber
359:Tlemcen, Western Algeria
246:Tribes and tribal groups
175:as well as elsewhere in
140:[iɾifijən,æɾifi]
1520:Bni Oukil Oulad M'Hand
1379:Zaouiat Sidi Abdelkader
913:Demographics of Morocco
702:Hsain Ilahiane (2017).
194:, which belongs to the
151:region of northeastern
1066:Modern Standard Arabic
756:Martin Thomas (2008).
634:James Minahan (2002).
2254:Koidamousii/Ucutumani
1570:Oulad Daoud Zkhanine
878:at Wikimedia Commons
1987:Meknassa Al Gharbia
1957:Gzenaya Al Janoubia
1334:Moulay Ahmed Cherif
1294:Bni Gmil Maksouline
1170:Al HoceĂŻma Province
41:
27:Berber ethnic group
2735:Berbers in Morocco
2700:Kabyle nationalism
1259:Bni Ahmed Imoukzan
1244:Ait Youssef Ou Ali
1234:Abdelghaya Souahel
353:in the Eastern Rif
347:in the Western Rif
341:in the Western Rif
335:in the Central Rif
66:Around 1.5 million
33:
2715:
2714:
2588:Sanhajas de Srayr
2186:
2185:
2158:Houara Oulad Raho
2055:
2054:
2012:Sidi Ali Bourakba
1982:Meknassa Acharqia
1952:Ghiata Al Gharbia
1784:
1783:
1593:
1592:
1392:
1391:
1136:
1135:
1121:Foreign nationals
874:Media related to
852:Tribes of the Rif
796:978-1-61069-954-9
769:978-0-520-25117-5
742:978-1-4200-4662-5
715:978-1-4422-8182-0
647:978-0-313-32111-5
620:978-90-5589-173-3
593:978-94-010-0882-2
566:978-1-78195-147-7
539:978-1-78195-147-7
513:978-1-78195-147-7
486:978-1-61069-954-9
443:978-1-61069-954-9
228:Yusuf ibn Tashfin
116:
96:
95:
40:
16:(Redirected from
2762:
2658:Arabized Berbers
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2125:
2089:Guercif Province
2082:
2075:
2068:
2059:
2058:
1869:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1788:
1787:
1668:
1627:Driouch Province
1620:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1482:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1221:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1139:
1071:Hassaniya Arabic
994:Arabised Berbers
906:
899:
892:
883:
882:
873:
857:
856:
846:
840:
834:
828:
827:
823:978-08047-066-43
807:
801:
800:
780:
774:
773:
753:
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746:
726:
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719:
699:
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689:
661:
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651:
631:
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516:
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464:
454:
448:
447:
427:
414:
407:
396:
395:
393:
391:
382:
374:
333:Senhaja de Srair
323:Ghomara language
200:Berber languages
142:
137:
133:
127:
126:
121:
115:romanized:
114:
112:
107:Berber languages
61:Total population
56:
42:
36:
32:
21:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2711:
2663:Berber diaspora
2617:
2516:
2359:
2350:Quinquegentiani
2222:
2217:
2187:
2182:
2126:
2117:
2101:
2091:
2086:
2056:
2051:
1882:Ait Saghrouchen
1870:
1861:
1830:
1820:
1815:
1785:
1780:
1669:
1660:
1639:
1629:
1624:
1594:
1589:
1530:Bni Sidel Louta
1483:
1474:
1438:
1428:
1423:
1393:
1388:
1222:
1213:
1182:
1172:
1167:
1137:
1132:
1116:
1061:Moroccan Arabic
1042:
967:
915:
910:
866:
861:
860:
847:
843:
835:
831:
824:
808:
804:
797:
781:
777:
770:
754:
750:
743:
727:
723:
716:
700:
693:
662:
655:
648:
632:
628:
621:
605:
601:
594:
578:
574:
567:
551:
547:
540:
524:
520:
514:
498:
494:
487:
471:
467:
457:Lucien Oulahbib
455:
451:
444:
428:
417:
408:
399:
389:
387:
380:
376:
375:
371:
366:
319:
314:
248:
222:(couplets) and
204:Moroccan Arabic
190:Riffians speak
157:autonomous city
135:
67:
47:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2768:
2758:
2757:
2755:Riffian people
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
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2622:Related topics
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2131:Rural communes
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1721:Dar El Kebdani
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1644:municipalities
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1525:Bni Sidel Jbel
1522:
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1497:
1491:
1489:
1488:Rural communes
1485:
1484:
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1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
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1444:
1443:Municipalities
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1439:
1433:
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1426:Nador Province
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1249:Arbaa Taourirt
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1227:Rural communes
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2178:Oulad Bourima
2176:
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2007:Rbaa El Fouki
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1711:Bni Marghnine
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1500:Al Barkanyene
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1359:Sidi Bouzineb
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972:Ethnic groups
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956:Protestantism
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291:
290:Ait Waryaghar
288:
286:
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281:Ait Temsamane
280:
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269:
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92:
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64:
59:
55:
50:
43:
39:
19:
2717:
2653:Arab-Berbers
2634:Latin script
2106:Municipality
1897:Bab Marzouka
1746:Oulad Amghar
1354:Sidi Boutmim
1254:Bni Abdallah
1199:Bni Bouayach
1081:Pre-Hilalian
984:Arab-Berbers
946:Christianity
851:
844:
832:
812:
805:
785:
778:
758:
751:
731:
724:
704:
669:
665:
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629:
609:
602:
582:
575:
555:
548:
528:
521:
502:
495:
475:
468:
460:
452:
432:
388:. Retrieved
372:
351:Beni Iznasen
278:Ait Tafersit
261:Ait Bouyahyi
249:
239:
236:
223:
219:
215:
213:
209:
196:Zenati group
189:
185:
122:; singular:
102:
98:
97:
37:
30:Ethnic group
2683:Netherlands
2558:Berber Jews
2037:Tizi Ouasli
2002:Oulad Zbair
1997:Oulad Chrif
1967:Kaf El Ghar
1902:Bni Frassen
1580:Ras Kebdana
1470:Zeghanghane
1284:Bni Bounsar
1279:Bni Boufrah
951:Catholicism
390:15 February
383:. Morocco.
285:Ait Touzine
258:Ait Boufrah
169:Netherlands
91:Sunni Islam
2724:Categories
2500:Banu Ifran
2396:Barghawata
2306:Mauretania
2286:Marmaridae
2249:Garamantes
2168:Ras Laksar
1942:El Gouzate
1932:Bouyablane
1892:Bab Boudir
1847:Oued Amlil
1731:Ijermaouas
1555:Ihaddadene
1550:Iaazzanene
1515:Bni Chiker
1374:Tifarouine
1319:Izemmouren
1299:Bni Hadifa
1264:Bni Ammart
1194:Al Hoceima
1180:Al Hoceima
1031:Portuguese
999:Afro-Arabs
411:Rif people
364:References
357:Beni Snous
271:Ait Ourish
267:Ait Itteft
255:Ait Ammart
159:of Spain,
136:pronounced
2695:Berberism
2573:Mozabites
2406:Fendelawa
2333:Masaesyli
2323:Nasamones
2318:Musulamii
2301:Makanitae
2296:Bakouatae
2239:Banioubae
2138:Mazguitam
2097:Capital:
1972:Maghraoua
1947:Galdamane
1826:Capital:
1766:Tazaghine
1691:Ain Zohra
1686:Ben Taieb
1681:Temsamane
1635:Capital:
1455:Bni Ansar
1450:Al Aaroui
1434:Capital:
1269:Bni Bchir
1239:Ait Kamra
1178:Capital:
1110:Tachelhit
1048:Languages
1026:Spaniards
921:Religions
308:Iqer'iyen
305:Ikebdanen
301:Igzenayen
294:Ibaqouyen
119:Iriffiyen
73:Languages
38:Iriffiyen
2641:Religion
2583:Riffians
2568:Matmatas
2543:Ghomaras
2538:Chenouas
2510:Maghrawa
2431:Guanches
2364:Medieval
2338:Massylii
2313:Meshwesh
2281:Machlyes
2259:Leuathae
2148:Assebbab
2032:Tazarine
2027:Tainaste
1917:Bouchfaa
1912:Bni Lent
1907:Bni Ftah
1771:Trougout
1756:Tafersit
1741:Ouardana
1716:Boudinar
1701:Amejjaou
1696:Ait Mait
1674:communes
1585:Selouane
1540:Farkhana
1505:Arekmane
1369:Tamsaout
1364:Taghzout
1314:Issaguen
1309:Imrabten
1304:Chakrane
1289:Bni Gmil
1209:Targuist
1204:Imzouren
1076:Hilalian
1021:Italians
1016:European
686:14712463
317:See also
311:Mestassa
297:Ibdarsen
275:Ait Said
264:Ait Gmil
143:) are a
111:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
99:Riffians
85:Religion
46:ⵉⵔⵉⴼⵉⵢⴻⵏ
34:Riffians
18:Riffians
2668:Belgium
2613:Zayanes
2608:Tuaregs
2578:Nafusis
2563:Kabyles
2548:Hawwara
2533:Chaouis
2528:Brabers
2488:Lamtuna
2483:Sanhaja
2478:Nafzawa
2473:Matmata
2466:Hintata
2461:Masmuda
2456:Madyuna
2441:Hawwara
2436:Haskura
2421:Ghiatta
2416:Gazoula
2411:Ghumara
2391:Bahlula
2381:Awregha
2371:Adjissa
2343:Numidia
2328:Numidae
2244:Gaetuli
2234:Bavares
2227:Ancient
2220:Berbers
2173:Taddart
2163:Lamrija
2153:Barkine
2113:Guercif
2099:Guercif
1977:Matmata
1922:Bouhlou
1761:Talilit
1736:M'Hajer
1651:Driouch
1637:Driouch
1339:Nekkour
1105:Zenatic
1009:Haratin
989:Berbers
963:Judaism
339:Ghomara
232:Rif War
192:Tarifit
173:Belgium
161:Melilla
153:Morocco
103:Rifians
79:Tarifit
2678:France
2673:Canada
2629:Script
2603:Teknas
2593:Shilha
2553:Jerbis
2521:Modern
2505:Jarawa
2495:Zanata
2451:Luwata
2446:Kutama
2426:Godala
2386:Azdeja
2376:Awerba
2355:Psylli
2047:Zrarda
2042:Traiba
1962:Jbarna
1937:Brarha
1842:Aknoul
1726:Iferni
1565:Khadab
1560:Iksane
1535:Bouarg
1349:Senada
1344:Rouadi
1324:Ketama
1128:Malays
1090:Berber
1056:Arabic
820:
793:
766:
739:
712:
684:
644:
617:
590:
563:
536:
510:
483:
440:
224:addjun
145:Berber
131:Ariffi
2646:Islam
2598:Siwis
2401:Fazaz
2291:Mauri
2276:Macae
2269:Libya
2022:Taifa
1992:Msila
1927:Bourd
1887:Ajdir
1852:Tahla
1776:Tsaft
1706:Azlaf
1656:Midar
1495:Afsou
1460:Nador
1436:Nador
1384:Zarkt
1329:Louta
1100:Atlas
1004:Gnawa
979:Arabs
934:Sunni
929:Islam
682:S2CID
381:(Xls)
345:Jbala
240:hogra
220:izran
181:Sunni
165:Spain
125:ⴰⵔⵉⴼⵉ
2705:flag
2264:Libu
2143:Saka
2017:SmiĂ
1857:Taza
1828:Taza
1465:Zaio
1038:Jews
939:Shia
818:ISBN
791:ISBN
764:ISBN
737:ISBN
710:ISBN
642:ISBN
615:ISBN
588:ISBN
561:ISBN
534:ISBN
508:ISBN
481:ISBN
438:ISBN
392:2016
171:and
674:doi
198:of
149:Rif
101:or
2726::
694:^
680:.
668:.
656:^
459:,
418:^
400:^
167:,
134:,
128:,
113:,
109::
2212:e
2205:t
2198:v
2081:e
2074:t
2067:v
1810:e
1803:t
1796:v
1619:e
1612:t
1605:v
1418:e
1411:t
1404:v
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
905:e
898:t
891:v
826:.
799:.
772:.
745:.
718:.
688:.
676::
670:5
650:.
623:.
596:.
569:.
542:.
489:.
446:.
394:.
105:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
