1898:
patronage, between the ruler and the soldiers. Al-Muktafi, on the other hand, did not "in his character and comportment , being a sedentary figure, instil much loyalty, let alone inspiration, in the soldiers" (Michael Bonner). The
Caliphate was still able to secure major successes over the next few years, including the reincorporation of the Tulunid domains in 904 and victories over the Qarmatians, but with al-Muktafi's death in 908, the so-called "Abbasid restoration" passed its high-water mark, and a new period of crisis began.
259:
1937:'s reign marked the end of the Caliph's political power and the rise of military strongmen, who competed for the title of Amir al-umara. Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to temper the severity of cruel officers.
1842:, a senior Turkic general who had likely been heavily involved in al-Mutawakkil's murder. His reign lasted less than half a year; it ended with his death from unknown causes on Sunday, 7 June 862, at the age of 24 years. During al-Muntasir's short reign (r. 861–862), the Turks pressured him into removing al-Mu'tazz and al-Mu'ayyad from the succession. When al-Muntasir died, the Turkic officers gathered together and decided to install the dead caliph's cousin
1854:. Al-Mu'tazz's reign marks the apogee of the decline of the Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties in Abbasid Caliphate. Finally, unable to meet the financial demands of the Turkic troops, in mid-July a palace coup deposed al-Mu'tazz. He was imprisoned and maltreated to such an extent that he died after three days, on 16 July 869. He was succeeded by his cousin
1850:) on the throne. The new caliph was almost immediately faced with a large riot in Samarra in support of the disenfranchised al-Mu'tazz; the rioters were put down by the military but casualties on both sides were heavy. Al-Musta'in, worried that al-Mu'tazz or al-Mu'ayyad could press their claims to the caliphate, first attempted to buy them off and then threw them in prison. In 866 his nephew al-Musta'in was killed by al-Mu'tazz after
59:
1795:
Caliph and al-Fath were having supper. Al-Fath was killed trying to protect the Caliph, who was killed next. Al-Muntasir, who now assumed the
Caliphate, initially claimed that al-Fath had murdered his father, and that he had been killed after; within a short time, however, the official story changed to al-Mutawakkil choking on his drink. The murder of al-Mutawakkil began the tumultuous period known as "
1886:
to the Caliph's lasting reputation for avarice. Al-Mu'tadid was renowned for his cruelty when punishing criminals, and subsequent chroniclers recorded his extensive and ingenious use of torture. His reign saw the permanent move of the capital back to
Baghdad, where he engaged in major building activities.
1885:
in the west that secured their—albeit largely nominal—recognition of caliphal suzerainty. These successes came at the cost of gearing the economy almost exclusively towards the maintenance of the army, which resulted in the expansion and rise to power of the central fiscal bureaucracy and contributed
1794:
According to al-Tabari, a story later circulated that al-Fath and Ubayd Allah were forewarned of the plot by a Turkic woman, but had disregarded it, confident that no-one would dare carry it out. On the night of 10/11 December, about one hour after midnight, the Turks burst into the chamber where the
1740:
The
Abbasid leadership had to work hard in the last half of the 8th century (750–800) under several competent caliphs and their viziers to usher in the administrative changes needed to keep order of the political challenges created by the far-flung nature of the empire, and the limited communication
1778:
to be confiscated and handed over to al-Fath. Feeling backed into a corner, the Turkic leadership began a plot to assassinate the Caliph. They were soon joined, or at least had the tacit approval, of al-Muntasir, who smarted from a succession of humiliations: on 5 December, on the recommendation of
1905:
came to the throne. He came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in
Abbasid history. Al-Muqtadir's long reign (908–932) had brought the Abbasids to their lowest ebb, in which most of Northern Africa was lost. Mosul had thrown off its dependence and the Greeks could make raids at
1897:
in Rayy and the Jazira. Although al-Muktafi tried to follow his father's policies, he lacked his energy. The heavily militarized system of al-Muwaffaq and al-Mu'tadid required the Caliph to actively participate in campaigns, setting a personal example and forming ties of loyalty, reinforced by
6526:, fifth Abbasid caliph (r. 786–809) rule is traditionally regarded to be the height of Islamic Golden Age's power. He established the legendary library Bayt al-Hikma ("House of Wisdom") in Baghdad and during his rule Baghdad began to flourish as a world center of knowledge, culture and trade.
1975:). As a result of his lack of real power, al-Muti' himself barely figures in the chronicles of his reign, and medieval historians generally considered his period as the lowest ebb of the Abbasid caliphate, an opinion shared by modern scholars as well. al-Muti was succeeded by his son
1791:, on the next day al-Mutawakkil alternately vilified and threatened to kill his eldest son, and even had al-Fath slap him on the face. With rumours circulating that Wasif and the other Turkish leaders would be rounded up and executed on 12 December, the conspirators decided to act.
2025:, but these Mamluk Abbasid Caliphs were marginalized and merely symbolic, with no temporal power and little religious influence. The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial Caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the
1829:
from the leading men of the state. Al-Muntasir's sudden elevation to the
Caliphate served to benefit several of his close associates, who gained senior positions in the government after his ascension. Included among these were his secretary,
1906:
pleasure along the poorly protected borders. Yet in the East formal recognition of the
Caliphate remained in place, even by those who virtually claimed their independence; and nearer home, the Carmathians had been for the time put down.
2060:. Some historians have noted that this story does not appear in the literature until the 1780s, suggesting that it was advanced to bolster the claims of caliphal jurisdiction over Muslims outside the empire, as asserted in the 1774
1920:). When He refused to abdicate, he was blinded and cast into prison. According to al-Mas'udi, al-Radi "kept news of him hidden", so that he vanished from common knowledge. He was not freed until eleven years later, when
1787:, while three days later, when al-Mutawakkil was feeling ill and chose al-Muntasir to represent him on the prayer, once again Ubayd Allah intervened and persuaded the Caliph to go in person. Even worse, according to
6642:
in restoring the caliphate to its ancient dominant role and achieved a surprising amount of success as his army even conquered parts of Iran. According to the historian, Angelika
Hartmann, al-Nasir was the last
6520:, (r. 785–786) was an Abbasid caliph. He was very open with the people of his empire and allowed citizens to visit him in the palace at Baghdad to address him. As such, he was considered an enlightened ruler.
1821:
was assassinated by members of his Turkic guard. Although he was suspected of being involved in the plot to kill al-Mutawakkil, he was able to quickly take control of affairs in the capital city of
233:
is divided into three main periods: Early
Abbasid era (750–861), Middle Abbasid era (861–936) and Later Abbasid era (936–1258). A cadet branch of the dynasty also ruled as ceremonial rulers for the
1768:. This rivalry extended into the political sphere, as al-Mu'tazz's succession appears to have been backed by the traditional Abbasid elites as well, while al-Muntasir was backed by the Turkic and
6542:, (r. 813–833) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship, al-Ma'mun promoted the Translation Movement, he was also an astronomer.
7214:
1573:
1811:
began, which was a period of extreme internal instability from 861 to 870 in the history of the
Abbasid Caliphate, marked by the violent succession of four caliphs.
2044:
Centuries later, a tradition developed saying that, at this time, al-Mutawakkil III formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—the
1909:
After Al-Muqtadir's death, al-Qahir came to power in 932. He ruled for two years until he was pressured to abdicate in favour of Al-Muqtadir's nominated heir
2029:. Even though they kept the title for about 250 years more, other than installing the Sultan in ceremonies, these Caliphs had little importance. After the
1987:, in his long reign, al-Qadir was successful in restoration his political authority in Baghdad and its surrounding territory. He was succeeded by his son
6514:
third Abbasid caliph (r. October 775 – 24 July 785) was the most influential Abbasid Caliph. He also promoted Art and science in the Islamic Caliphate.
1566:
7627:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXV: The Crisis of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphates of al-Mustaʿīn and al-Muʿtazz, A.D. 862–869/A.H. 248–255
7926:
1726:
7649:. Vol. 1A: The Central Islamic Lands from Pre-Islamic Times to the First World War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 104–139.
7579:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIV: Incipient Decline: The Caliphates of al-Wāthiq, al-Mutawakkil and al-Muntaṣir, A.D. 841–863/A.H. 227–248
7469:
6792:
7317:. Vol. I: The Formation of the Islamic World: Sixth to Eleventh Centuries. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 305–359.
6502:
1559:
6763:
7409:
1745:, that its reputation and power were created. Abbasid Caliphate was at its peak until the assassination of Caliph Al-Mutawakkil in 861.
7815:
1741:
across it. It was also during this early period of the dynasty, in particular during the governance of Al-Mansur, Harun al-Rashid, and
6683:
6617:
4460:
2734:
1988:
2030:
1607:
1774:
guard troops. In late autumn 861, matters came to a head: in October, al-Mutawakkil ordered the estates of the Turkic general
7784:
7754:
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7587:
7542:
7518:
7453:
7398:
7322:
7287:
7262:
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6202:
1737:, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning".
1718:
7919:
7252:
1881:
recovered the provinces of Jazira, Thughur, and Jibal, and effected a rapprochement with the Saffarids in the east and the
7566:
7740:
7686:
7504:
7384:
1677:), from whom the dynasty takes its name. The Abbasids ruled as caliphs for most of the caliphate from their capital in
7434:
7341:
3063:
1765:
2061:
7912:
525:
17:
7363:
7808:
6773:
6746:
6560:, (r. 847–861) was the tenth Abbasid caliph, under his reign the Abbasid Empire reached its territorial height.
2580:
1205:
6712:. Vol. I: A-Ak - Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010. pp.
2910:
2749:
2284:
770:
7425:
The Breaking of a Thousand Swords: A History of the Turkish Military of Samarra (A.H. 200–275/815–889 C.E.)
6554:, (r. 842–847) was an Abbasid caliph, he was well educated and with a considerable interest in scholarship.
2322:
8500:
7645:
Sourdel, D. (1970). "The ʿAbbasid Caliphate". In Holt, P. M.; Lambton, Ann K. S.; Lewis, Bernard (eds.).
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1847:
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1670:
1587:
226:
6613:
4557:
2018:
1599:
1449:
8582:
8105:
7534:
The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates: The Islamic Near East from the 6th to the 11th Century
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6533:
5987:
2000:
1807:
The decline of the Abbasids started with the death of al-Mutawakkil. After his assassination the
1195:
6713:
6704:
6137:
1300:
1245:
200:
161:
7630:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
7582:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
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5398:
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1434:
1315:
8:
8567:
1831:
1627:
1619:
1524:
535:
154:
1858:. He ruled until 870, until he was murdered on 21 June 870, and replaced by his cousin,
840:
7731:
7495:
7423:
7375:
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2045:
1808:
1796:
1730:
1690:
1639:
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995:
880:
740:
465:
400:
7718:
7482:
1799:", which lasted until 870 and brought the Abbasid Caliphate to the brink of collapse.
820:
8572:
7780:
7750:
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People of India Uttar Pradesh Volume XLII edited by A. Hasan & J. C. Das page 285
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1340:
1185:
790:
430:
420:
410:
295:
230:
215:
110:
82:
31:
6548:, (833–842) was an Abbasid caliph, patron of the art and a powerful military leader.
1931:) came to the throne and discovered him locked away in a remote room in the palace.
8088:
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2012:
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35:
7558:
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
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7846:
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7625:
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Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate
6650:
6523:
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2151:
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al-Fath and Ubayd Allah, he was bypassed in favour of al-Mu'tazz for leading the
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1400:
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191:
133:
1733:. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the
8475:
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7984:
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7677:
7606:. Translated by Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone. London and New York: Routledge.
7499:
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6177:
5522:
4334:
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3827:
3727:
3702:
3370:
2038:
1995:. The Abbasids continued their partnership with the Seljuks until the reign of
1992:
1878:
1859:
1843:
1839:
1775:
1631:
1611:
1505:
1415:
1359:
1135:
1025:
955:
655:
238:
1760:, as his heir in 849/50, but slowly had shifted his favour to his second son,
8561:
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8187:
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8093:
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7999:
7708:
7673:
7621:
7359:
6673:
6557:
4890:
3843:
3533:
2776:
1980:
1979:
who made attempts to restore his political authority until he was deposed by
1961:
1818:
1780:
1761:
1753:
1385:
890:
750:
7769:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume IV: 'Itk–Kwaṭṭa
258:
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8009:
7959:
7878:
6539:
6378:
6005:
5093:
4752:
3354:
3051:
2906:
1965:
1957:
1742:
1694:
1389:
860:
615:
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7858:
6588:
6576:
5839:
5799:
4199:
4183:
4031:
3878:
3714:
3685:
2571:
1999:. Then Abbasid continued to rule Iraq directly without disturbance until
1921:
1902:
1851:
1814:
1757:
1249:
1015:
925:
710:
565:
515:
222:
72:
7313:(2010). "The Waning of Empire: 861–945". In Robinson, Charles F. (ed.).
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4984:
4652:
4238:
4007:
3743:
3039:
1996:
1976:
1945:
1890:
1855:
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1535:
1175:
1145:
975:
780:
345:
7008:
8517:
8507:
8458:
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8428:
8423:
8360:
8262:
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8073:
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7597:
6551:
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3555:
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2918:
2441:
1826:
1788:
1702:
1659:
1643:
1595:
1520:
1475:
1445:
1370:
1355:
760:
730:
575:
335:
275:
7945:
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Bani, Banu.
6912:
8463:
8453:
8338:
8311:
8277:
8247:
8220:
8146:
8004:
7969:
7954:
7853:
7793:
7336:. Philadelphia, PA: American Philosophical Society. pp. 7–10.
6635:
6607:
6511:
5303:
4350:
4057:
3076:
2454:
2076:
2049:
2026:
1991:, and it was during his reign that the Buyids were replaced by the
1984:
1894:
1882:
1666:
1591:
1304:
1075:
1035:
985:
945:
850:
505:
455:
355:
7134:
2021:
of Egypt and Syria later appointed an Abbasid prince as Caliph of
8522:
8382:
8345:
8299:
8215:
8205:
8129:
7825:
7767:(1987). "al-Ḳāhir Bi 'llāh". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
6594:
6529:
6517:
5418:
4222:
3338:
3200:
2053:
1953:
1934:
1910:
1822:
1784:
1714:
1706:
1635:
1464:
1374:
1344:
1279:
1115:
1095:
1055:
965:
900:
690:
305:
219:
128:
93:
58:
7351:
6532:, (r. 809–813) sixth Abbasid caliph, son of Harun al-Rashid and
8531:
8411:
8257:
8230:
8100:
8078:
8068:
8038:
7044:
6876:
2107:
2094:
1835:
1615:
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1419:
1275:
285:
149:
8237:
8026:
8016:
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2102:
2089:
2022:
1889:
Al-Mu'tadid had taken care to prepare his son and successor,
1647:
1603:
1509:
1264:
1234:
211:
99:
8512:
8448:
8306:
6591:, the eighteenth Abbasid caliph, who ruled from 908 to 932.
1698:
1682:
1404:
123:
7448:. Vol. I: A-Ak – Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL.
7092:
7080:
7068:
7020:
6998:
6996:
6936:
6924:
6888:
1697:). The Abbasid Caliphate first centered its government in
1594:'s companions (as well as his uncle) and one of the early
7994:
7109:
7107:
7056:
6864:
2419:
1658:
The Abbasid dynasty was the dynasty that ruled the third
7429:. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
7124:
7122:
6842:
6840:
6765:
The Life of Muhammad: A Translation of Ibn Isḥāq's sīrat
6993:
6804:
6802:
1872:
7104:
6900:
7334:
Boundaries and Frontiers in Medieval Muslim Geography
7282:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 204.
7119:
7032:
6852:
6837:
6579:
was the Abbasid military leader and father of caliph
7417:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 845.
7146:
6799:
205:
7715:
7140:
7014:
6825:
1817:became Caliph on 11 December 861, after his father
237:as Caliph (1261–1517), until their conquest by the
7717:
7481:
7422:
6780:The Paternal Ancestral Lineage of Prophet Muhammad
6761:
6703:
1956:was a weak figure, for all intents and purposes a
1764:, encouraged by al-Fath ibn Khaqan and the vizier
7716:Zetterstéen, K. V. & Bosworth, C. E. (1993).
7444:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abbasid Dynasty".
6601:
1748:
8559:
6564:
1940:
1802:
1598:scholars. Therefore, their roots trace back to
6487:
2056:, establishing the Ottoman sultans as the new
7920:
7809:
1567:
47:
7763:
7098:
6638:, continued the efforts of his grandfather
1964:, first Mu'izz al-Dawla, and then his son,
7934:
7927:
7913:
7816:
7802:
7741:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
7687:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
7505:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
7468:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
7385:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
6791:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6503:Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur
1948:and his successors were all considered as
1574:
1560:
7749:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 476–477.
7695:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 423–424.
7513:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 777–778.
6736:
6610:influential caliph of later Abbasid era.
1701:, modern-day Iraq, but in 762 the caliph
218:between 750 and 1258. They were from the
7407:Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bheesty" .
7358:
7250:
7209:
7203:
7002:
6730:
30:For the state ruled by the dynasty, see
7663:
7644:
7575:
7551:
7527:
7476:
7443:
7113:
7086:
7074:
7026:
6942:
6930:
6918:
6906:
6894:
6882:
6870:
6858:
6846:
6808:
14:
8560:
7620:
7596:
7420:
7331:
7309:
7128:
7062:
7050:
7038:
6831:
6820:
6616:, 11th-century Abbasid prince, son of
7908:
7797:
7277:
7194:
7152:
6814:
6597:, the Abbasid caliph from 936 to 940.
6456:
6454:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6436:
6434:
6432:
6426:
6424:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6374:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6350:
6344:
6342:
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2282:
2280:
2278:
2238:
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2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2006:
1669:. It descends from Muhammad's uncle,
7823:
7537:(Second ed.). Harlow: Longman.
6739:Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet
1893:, for his role by appointing him as
1873:Abbasids from al-Mu'tadid to al-Radi
252:Historical Arab states and dynasties
225:clan of Banu Abbas, descended from
195:
48:
24:
7315:The New Cambridge History of Islam
6482:
25:
8599:
7603:The Meadows of Gold: The Abbasids
6696:
6653:, last Abbasid caliph of Baghdad.
5419:Malīka'zZāhīr Rūkn ad-Dīn Baybars
1983:. He was succeeded by his cousin
7701:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3786
7561:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
7254:The Abbasid Caliphate: A History
6573:Abbasid caliph from 871 to 892.
1846:(son of al-Mutawakkil's brother
1766:Ubayd Allah ibn Yahya ibn Khaqan
1636:An-Nadr ibn Kinanah ibn Khuzaima
673:Western dynasties and caliphates
257:
57:
7271:
7244:
7188:
7173:
7158:
7141:Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993
7015:Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993
6984:
6975:
6966:
6957:
6954:Bosworth, "al-Muntasir," p. 583
6948:
1970:
1926:
1915:
1864:
1717:. Baghdad became the center of
27:Rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate
7777:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_3803
7771:. Leiden: Brill. p. 627.
7647:The Cambridge History of Islam
7576:Kraemer, Joel L., ed. (1989).
7257:. Cambridge University Press.
7251:El-Hibri, Tayeb (2021-04-22).
7197:The Emergence of Modern Turkey
6755:
5326:Abi 'Alī al-Hāsān ibn Abū Bakr
2067:
2033:in 1517, the Caliph of Cairo,
1756:had appointed his oldest son,
1749:Assassination of al-Mutawakkil
1685:, after having overthrown the
13:
1:
6921:, pp. 171–182, 184, 195.
6762:Ibn Ishaq; Guillaume (1955).
6689:
6981:Bosworth, "Muntasir," p. 583
6602:Later Abbasid era (936–1258)
6565:Middle Abbasid era (861–936)
4215:Ishāq ibn Jāʿfar al-Muqtadir
2087:
1941:Later Abbasid era (936–1258)
1803:Decline of Abbasid Caliphate
1729:in what became known as the
1586:The Abbasids descended from
7:
7664:Sourdel, Dominique (1978).
7421:Gordon, Matthew S. (2001).
7219:. Basic Books. p. 81.
7180:Houtsma & Wensinck 1993
6657:
6488:Early Abbasid era (750–861)
393:Arab empires and caliphates
244:
206:
10:
8604:
7483:"al-Mutawakkil ʿAlā 'llāh"
7300:
7199:. Oxford University Press.
7179:
7164:
6705:"'Abd Allah ibn al-'Abbas"
6632:, ruled from 1136 to 1160.
6496:, the first caliph of the
2010:
1901:After al-Muktafi's death,
1653:
29:
8545:
7950:
7943:
7832:
7332:Brauer, Ralph W. (1995).
7053:, pp. 332, 335, 337.
6737:Armstrong, Karen (2001).
6422:
6420:
6340:
6338:
6260:
6258:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6071:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6031:
6029:
5933:
5931:
5929:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5893:
5891:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5745:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5632:
5620:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5610:
5608:
5604:
5588:
5586:
5506:
5504:
5502:
5486:
5484:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5474:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5430:
5428:
5370:
5368:
5352:
5350:
5267:
5265:
5249:
5247:
5162:
5160:
5144:
5142:
5057:
5055:
5039:
5037:
4962:
4960:
4936:
4934:
4920:
4918:
4886:
4884:
4872:
4870:
4854:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4800:
4798:
4796:
4778:
4776:
4748:
4746:
4702:
4700:
4604:
4602:
4510:
4508:
4412:
4410:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4274:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4093:
4091:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3949:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3803:
3801:
3793:
3791:
3779:
3777:
3769:
3767:
3699:
3697:
3681:
3679:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3629:
3627:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3585:
3583:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3452:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3144:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3000:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2980:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2745:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2617:
2615:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2508:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2379:
2359:
2357:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
1877:In a series of campaigns
1671:Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
227:Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
170:
142:
116:
106:
88:
78:
68:
56:
43:
6885:, pp. 171–173, 176.
6296:Abū'l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
4558:Muḥammad Dhakirat ad-Dīn
2062:Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca
2031:Ottomans conquered Egypt
1642:ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn
701:Umayyad state of Córdoba
7446:Encyclopedia Britannica
7410:Encyclopædia Britannica
7393:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
7278:Hanne, Eric J. (2007).
7195:Lewis, Bernard (1961).
6741:. Phoenix. p. 66.
6710:Encyclopædia Britannica
6664:List of Abbasid caliphs
6193:al-Mutawakkil ʿalā'Llāh
5965:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
3040:Abū Muslīm al-Khurāsānī
2739:ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad
2052:—to the Ottoman Sultan
2001:Mongol Invasion in 1258
1606:in the following line:
214:dynasty that ruled the
63:Flag of Abbasid dynasty
34:. For the surname, see
6990:Saliba (1985) pp. 6-7
6768:. London. p. 3.
6614:Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
6494:Abu'l-Abbas al-Saffah
5702:al-Ḥākim bi-amr Allāh
4891:Al-Faḍl al-Mūstārshīd
3510:Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad
2011:Further information:
1600:Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf
1291:Sultanate of Zanzibar
1206:Mutawakkilite Kingdom
6669:Abbasid architecture
6175:Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
6135:Abū'l-Faḍl al-ʿAbbās
5985:Abū Yāḥyā Zakariyāʾ
5680:Abū'r-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
3534:Jāʿfar al-Mutawakkil
2290:ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
1705:founded the city of
1693:of 750 CE (132
8501:Sa'd ibn Zayd Manat
7089:, pp. 132–134.
7077:, pp. 184–185.
7065:, pp. 337–339.
7029:, pp. 759–760.
7017:, pp. 476–477.
6945:, pp. 169–173.
6933:, pp. 264–267.
6897:, pp. xx, 181.
6873:, pp. 168–169.
6216:Abū'l-Maḥāsin Yūsuf
6190:Yaʿqūb ibn Muḥammad
5817:Abū'l-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
3703:Ibrahim al-Mu'ayyad
2765:ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAlī
2037:was transported to
1832:Ahmad ibn al-Khasib
1731:Golden Age of Islam
1709:, near the ancient
1620:Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
268:Ancient Arab states
8106:Bakr ibn Abd Manat
7765:Zetterstéen, K. V.
7666:"al-Ḳāhir Bi'llāh"
5797:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
5554:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
3879:Jāʿfar al-Mufawwid
2911:Muḥammad "al-Imām"
2420:ʿAlīyyū'l-Mūrtadžâ
2007:Caliphate of Cairo
1827:oath of allegiance
1809:Anarchy at Samarra
1797:Anarchy at Samarra
1691:Abbasid Revolution
1640:Mudrikah ibn Ilyas
1333:Current monarchies
996:Sharifate of Mecca
466:Emirate of Tbilisi
456:Emirate of Armenia
306:Kingdom of Osroene
8555:
8554:
7902:
7901:
7786:978-90-04-08265-6
7756:978-90-04-09419-2
7656:978-0-521-21946-4
7637:978-0-87395-883-7
7613:978-0-7103-0246-5
7589:978-0-88706-874-4
7544:978-0-582-40525-7
7520:978-90-04-09419-2
7464:cite encyclopedia
7455:978-1-59339-837-8
7400:978-90-04-09419-2
7324:978-0-521-83823-8
7289:978-0-8386-4113-2
7264:978-1-107-18324-7
7226:978-0-465-00888-9
7216:A History of Iran
7211:Axworthy, Michael
6972:Gordon, pp. 88-91
6723:978-1-59339-837-8
6645:effective Abbasid
6577:Talha al-Muwaffaq
6498:Abbasid Caliphate
6480:
6479:
6476:
6475:
6470:
6461:al-Mutawakkil III
6388:
6376:Abū'ṣ-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb
6306:
6226:
6210:
6200:Abū'l-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
6185:
6169:
6153:
6013:
5997:
5979:
5847:
5837:Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
5827:
5807:
5690:
5666:
5564:
5548:
5538:Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
5532:
5426:
5408:
5313:
5208:
5103:
4994:
4954:
4898:
4762:
4662:
4564:
4470:
4360:
4344:
4248:
4232:
4209:
4193:
4067:
4043:
4017:
3885:
3873:
3853:
3837:
3753:
3737:
3721:
3715:Ṭalḥa al-Muwaffaq
3709:
3695:
3565:
3541:
3380:
3364:
3348:
3226:
3210:
3086:
3070:
3058:
3046:
2948:
2930:
2899:
2783:
2771:
2758:
2118:
2117:
2099:Abbasid Caliphate
2035:al-Mutawakkil III
1687:Umayyad Caliphate
1584:
1583:
1549:
1548:
1324:
1323:
1316:Tippu Tip's State
1214:
1213:
1186:Emirate of Beihan
918:Arabian Peninsula
909:
908:
664:
663:
448:Eastern dynasties
439:
438:
384:
383:
296:Nabataean Kingdom
286:Kingdom of Lihyan
231:Abbasid Caliphate
216:Abbasid Caliphate
204:
180:
179:
174:1258 (in Baghdad)
134:Sāmarra (Samarra)
111:Al-Mutawakkil III
83:Abbasid Caliphate
32:Abbasid Caliphate
16:(Redirected from
8595:
8588:Muslim dynasties
7929:
7922:
7915:
7906:
7905:
7818:
7811:
7804:
7795:
7794:
7790:
7760:
7732:Heinrichs, W. P.
7721:
7712:
7660:
7641:
7617:
7593:
7572:
7548:
7524:
7496:Heinrichs, W. P.
7485:
7473:
7467:
7459:
7440:
7428:
7404:
7376:Heinrichs, W. P.
7355:
7328:
7294:
7293:
7275:
7269:
7268:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7229:. Archived from
7207:
7201:
7200:
7192:
7186:
7177:
7171:
7162:
7156:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7126:
7117:
7111:
7102:
7099:Zetterstéen 1987
7096:
7090:
7084:
7078:
7072:
7066:
7060:
7054:
7048:
7042:
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7006:
7000:
6991:
6988:
6982:
6979:
6973:
6970:
6964:
6961:
6955:
6952:
6946:
6940:
6934:
6928:
6922:
6916:
6910:
6904:
6898:
6892:
6886:
6880:
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6850:
6844:
6835:
6829:
6823:
6818:
6812:
6806:
6797:
6796:
6790:
6782:
6759:
6753:
6752:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6707:
6700:
6466:
6384:
6304:
6299:al-Mutawakkil II
6224:
6208:
6183:
6167:
6159:Abū'l-Fatḥ Dāwud
6143:
6011:
5993:
5973:
5845:
5825:
5805:
5688:
5664:
5562:
5546:
5530:
5424:
5406:
5311:
5206:
5101:
4992:
4952:
4896:
4760:
4660:
4562:
4468:
4358:
4342:
4246:
4230:
4207:
4191:
4065:
4039:
4015:
3883:
3871:
3851:
3835:
3751:
3735:
3719:
3707:
3693:
3563:
3539:
3378:
3362:
3346:
3224:
3208:
3084:
3068:
3056:
3044:
2946:
2928:
2897:
2781:
2769:
2756:
2328:ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
2316:ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
2153:ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib
2120:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2093:
2092:
2085:
2084:
2072:
2071:
2046:sword and mantle
2013:Mamluk Sultanate
1974:
1972:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1868:
1866:
1825:and receive the
1713:capital city of
1628:Lu'ay ibn Ghalib
1624:Kilab ibn Murrah
1576:
1569:
1562:
1337:
1336:
1301:Nabahani dynasty
1246:Nabahani dynasty
1231:Makhzumi dynasty
1227:
1226:
922:
921:
677:
676:
476:Emirate of Crete
452:
451:
397:
396:
376:Kingdom of Kinda
326:Kingdom of Hatra
276:Kingdom of Qedar
272:
271:
261:
249:
248:
235:Mamluk Sultanate
209:
199:
197:
155:Amir al-Mu'minin
129:Baġdād (Baghdad)
61:
51:
50:
41:
40:
36:Abbasi (surname)
21:
8603:
8602:
8598:
8597:
8596:
8594:
8593:
8592:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8541:
7946:
7939:
7933:
7903:
7898:
7837:Banu Abd al-Dar
7828:
7822:
7787:
7757:
7724:Bosworth, C. E.
7682:Bosworth, C. E.
7657:
7638:
7614:
7590:
7569:
7568:978-0-306814808
7545:
7521:
7488:Bosworth, C. E.
7461:
7460:
7456:
7437:
7401:
7368:Bosworth, C. E.
7344:
7325:
7311:Bonner, Michael
7303:
7298:
7297:
7290:
7276:
7272:
7265:
7249:
7245:
7236:
7234:
7227:
7208:
7204:
7193:
7189:
7178:
7174:
7163:
7159:
7151:
7147:
7139:
7135:
7127:
7120:
7112:
7105:
7097:
7093:
7085:
7081:
7073:
7069:
7061:
7057:
7049:
7045:
7037:
7033:
7025:
7021:
7013:
7009:
7001:
6994:
6989:
6985:
6980:
6976:
6971:
6967:
6963:Kennedy, 266-68
6962:
6958:
6953:
6949:
6941:
6937:
6929:
6925:
6917:
6913:
6905:
6901:
6893:
6889:
6881:
6877:
6869:
6865:
6857:
6853:
6845:
6838:
6830:
6826:
6819:
6815:
6807:
6800:
6784:
6783:
6776:
6760:
6756:
6749:
6735:
6731:
6724:
6702:
6701:
6697:
6692:
6660:
6604:
6567:
6524:Harun al-Rashid
6490:
6485:
6483:Notable members
6468:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6386:
6383:
6382:
6377:
6303:
6302:
6297:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6207:
6206:
6201:
6191:
6182:
6181:
6176:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6151:
6148:Sultan of Egypt
6145:
6142:
6141:
6136:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5968:al-Mutawakkil I
5966:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5804:
5803:
5798:
5700:
5699:Aḥmad ibn Aḥmad
5687:
5686:
5681:
5663:
5662:
5658:
5561:
5560:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5539:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5423:
5422:
5405:
5404:
5400:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5222:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5117:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5008:
5007:Alī ibn al-Faḍl
4991:
4990:
4986:
4951:
4950:
4946:
4895:
4894:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4561:
4560:
4467:
4466:
4462:
4357:
4356:
4352:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4245:
4244:
4240:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4066:r. 929, 932-934
4064:
4063:
4059:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4014:
4013:
4009:
3882:
3881:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3850:
3849:
3845:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3718:
3717:
3706:
3705:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3538:
3537:
3511:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3054:
3043:
3042:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2920:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2780:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2741:
2738:
2587:
2585:
2575:
2569:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2445:
2443:
2327:
2315:
2310:
2289:
2155:
2103:
2101:
2090:
2070:
2015:
2009:
1969:
1943:
1925:
1914:
1875:
1863:
1805:
1751:
1735:House of Wisdom
1664:Islamic prophet
1662:to succeed the
1656:
1580:
1551:
1550:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1261:Mahdali dynasty
1224:
1216:
1215:
1156:Muscat and Oman
926:Imamate of Oman
919:
911:
910:
674:
666:
665:
449:
441:
440:
394:
386:
385:
316:Emesene Dynasty
269:
247:
184:Abbasid dynasty
176:1517 (in Cairo)
175:
166:
162:Sultan of Egypt
138:
124:Al-Kūfah (Kufa)
97:
64:
52:
45:
44:Abbasid caliphs
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Abbasid Dynasty
15:
12:
11:
5:
8601:
8591:
8590:
8585:
8583:Arab dynasties
8580:
8575:
8570:
8553:
8552:
8546:
8543:
8542:
8540:
8539:
8534:
8529:
8528:
8527:
8526:
8525:
8510:
8505:
8504:
8503:
8498:
8488:
8483:
8478:
8473:
8468:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8426:
8421:
8420:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8398:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8379:
8378:
8368:
8358:
8353:
8343:
8342:
8341:
8336:
8335:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8304:
8303:
8302:
8297:
8296:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8263:Bakr ibn Wa'il
8260:
8255:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8234:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8190:
8185:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8160:
8159:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8127:
8122:
8121:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8098:
8097:
8096:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8071:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8007:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7932:
7931:
7924:
7917:
7909:
7900:
7899:
7897:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7876:
7875:
7874:
7869:
7861:
7856:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7842:Banu Abd Shams
7839:
7833:
7830:
7829:
7821:
7820:
7813:
7806:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7785:
7761:
7755:
7728:van Donzel, E.
7713:
7670:van Donzel, E.
7661:
7655:
7642:
7636:
7624:, ed. (1985).
7622:Saliba, George
7618:
7612:
7594:
7588:
7573:
7567:
7549:
7543:
7525:
7519:
7492:van Donzel, E.
7474:
7454:
7441:
7435:
7418:
7405:
7399:
7372:van Donzel, E.
7360:Bosworth, C.E.
7356:
7342:
7329:
7323:
7307:
7302:
7299:
7296:
7295:
7288:
7270:
7263:
7243:
7225:
7202:
7187:
7172:
7157:
7155:, p. 101.
7145:
7143:, p. 799.
7133:
7131:, p. 386.
7118:
7116:, p. 424.
7103:
7101:, p. 627.
7091:
7079:
7067:
7055:
7043:
7041:, p. 337.
7031:
7019:
7007:
7005:, p. 794.
6992:
6983:
6974:
6965:
6956:
6947:
6935:
6923:
6911:
6909:, p. 265.
6899:
6887:
6875:
6863:
6861:, p. 171.
6851:
6849:, p. 169.
6836:
6824:
6813:
6798:
6774:
6754:
6747:
6729:
6722:
6694:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6681:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6654:
6648:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6625:
6620:and father of
6603:
6600:
6599:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6585:
6584:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6561:
6555:
6549:
6543:
6537:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6509:
6507:Abbasid Caliph
6500:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6471:
6455:
6453:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6417:
6415:
6413:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6389:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6325:
6323:
6321:
6319:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6307:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6275:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6251:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6227:
6213:
6211:
6197:
6195:
6188:
6186:
6178:al-Mustakfī II
6172:
6170:
6162:al-Mu'tadīd II
6156:
6154:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6120:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6090:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6042:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6018:
6016:
6014:
6003:Abū Ḥafs ʿUmar
6000:
5998:
5982:
5980:
5962:
5960:
5958:
5956:
5954:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5934:
5932:
5930:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5886:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5808:
5794:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5770:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5720:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5704:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5591:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5551:
5549:
5535:
5533:
5519:
5517:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5415:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5363:
5361:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5347:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4871:
4869:
4867:
4865:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4853:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4823:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4801:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4749:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4713:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4611:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4347:
4345:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4235:
4233:
4219:
4217:
4212:
4210:
4196:
4194:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4160:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4116:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3886:
3876:
3874:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3840:
3838:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3740:
3738:
3724:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3552:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3367:
3365:
3351:
3349:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3213:
3211:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3073:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2933:
2931:
2915:
2913:
2903:
2901:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2777:Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAlī
2774:
2772:
2762:
2760:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2578:
2576:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:ibn ʿAbd Allāh
2452:
2450:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2320:
2318:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2116:
2115:
2081:
2080:
2069:
2066:
2039:Constantinople
2019:Mamluk Sultans
2008:
2005:
1973: 967–978
1942:
1939:
1929: 944–946
1918: 932–940
1874:
1871:
1867: 870–892
1804:
1801:
1783:at the end of
1750:
1747:
1681:in modern-day
1655:
1652:
1632:Fihr ibn Malik
1612:Abdul-Muttalib
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1427:
1426:
1423:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1360:Ras al Khaymah
1352:
1351:
1348:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1276:Mazrui dynasty
1272:
1271:
1268:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1002:
1001:
998:
992:
991:
988:
982:
981:
978:
972:
971:
968:
962:
961:
958:
952:
951:
948:
942:
941:
938:
932:
931:
928:
920:
917:
916:
913:
912:
907:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
887:
886:
883:
877:
876:
873:
867:
866:
863:
857:
856:
853:
847:
846:
843:
837:
836:
833:
827:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
787:
786:
783:
777:
776:
773:
767:
766:
763:
757:
756:
753:
747:
746:
743:
737:
736:
733:
727:
726:
723:
717:
716:
713:
707:
706:
703:
697:
696:
693:
691:Fihrid Emirate
687:
686:
683:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
661:
658:
652:
651:
648:
642:
641:
638:
632:
631:
628:
622:
621:
618:
612:
611:
608:
602:
601:
598:
592:
591:
588:
582:
581:
578:
572:
571:
568:
562:
561:
558:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
498:
492:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
417:
416:
413:
407:
406:
403:
395:
392:
391:
388:
387:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
348:
342:
341:
338:
332:
331:
328:
322:
321:
318:
312:
311:
308:
302:
301:
298:
292:
291:
288:
282:
281:
278:
270:
267:
266:
263:
262:
254:
253:
246:
243:
239:Ottoman Empire
207:Banu al-ʿAbbās
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
159:
146:
144:
140:
139:
137:
136:
131:
126:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
54:
53:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8600:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8565:
8563:
8550:
8544:
8538:
8535:
8533:
8530:
8524:
8521:
8520:
8519:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8494:
8493:
8492:
8489:
8487:
8484:
8482:
8479:
8477:
8474:
8472:
8469:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8377:
8374:
8373:
8372:
8369:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8362:
8359:
8357:
8354:
8352:
8351:Sa'd ibn Nasr
8349:
8348:
8347:
8344:
8340:
8337:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8319:
8318:
8315:
8314:
8313:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8305:
8301:
8298:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8265:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8250:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8211:Banu al-Hakam
8209:
8208:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8191:
8189:
8186:
8180:
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8158:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8141:
8138:
8137:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8117:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8109:
8108:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8099:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8090:
8087:
8085:
8082:
8080:
8077:
8075:
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7949:
7942:
7938:
7930:
7925:
7923:
7918:
7916:
7911:
7910:
7907:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7864:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7848:
7845:
7844:
7843:
7840:
7838:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7827:
7819:
7814:
7812:
7807:
7805:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7788:
7782:
7778:
7774:
7770:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7752:
7748:
7744:
7742:
7737:
7733:
7729:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7698:
7694:
7690:
7688:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7662:
7658:
7652:
7648:
7643:
7639:
7633:
7629:
7628:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7609:
7605:
7604:
7599:
7595:
7591:
7585:
7581:
7580:
7574:
7570:
7564:
7560:
7559:
7554:
7553:Kennedy, Hugh
7550:
7546:
7540:
7536:
7535:
7530:
7529:Kennedy, Hugh
7526:
7522:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7506:
7501:
7497:
7493:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7478:Kennedy, Hugh
7475:
7471:
7465:
7457:
7451:
7447:
7442:
7438:
7436:0-7914-4795-2
7432:
7427:
7426:
7419:
7416:
7412:
7411:
7406:
7402:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7386:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7364:"al-Muntasir"
7361:
7357:
7353:
7349:
7345:
7343:0-87169-856-0
7339:
7335:
7330:
7326:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7305:
7304:
7291:
7285:
7281:
7274:
7266:
7260:
7256:
7255:
7247:
7233:on 2016-03-07
7232:
7228:
7222:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7206:
7198:
7191:
7185:
7181:
7176:
7170:
7166:
7165:Bosworth 2004
7161:
7154:
7149:
7142:
7137:
7130:
7125:
7123:
7115:
7110:
7108:
7100:
7095:
7088:
7083:
7076:
7071:
7064:
7059:
7052:
7047:
7040:
7035:
7028:
7023:
7016:
7011:
7004:
7003:Bosworth 1993
6999:
6997:
6987:
6978:
6969:
6960:
6951:
6944:
6939:
6932:
6927:
6920:
6915:
6908:
6903:
6896:
6891:
6884:
6879:
6872:
6867:
6860:
6855:
6848:
6843:
6841:
6834:, p. 82.
6833:
6828:
6822:
6817:
6811:, p. 10.
6810:
6805:
6803:
6794:
6788:
6781:
6777:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6758:
6750:
6744:
6740:
6733:
6725:
6719:
6715:
6711:
6706:
6699:
6695:
6685:
6682:
6680:
6679:Ja'alin tribe
6677:
6675:
6674:Abbasid harem
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6641:
6637:
6634:
6631:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6612:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6596:
6593:
6590:
6587:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6568:
6559:
6558:Al-Mutawakkil
6556:
6553:
6550:
6547:
6544:
6541:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:, the second
6504:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6492:
6491:
6473:
6467:r. 1508-1516,
6463:
6462:
6431:
6429:
6393:
6391:
6385:r. 1497-1508,
6381:
6380:
6349:
6347:
6311:
6309:
6301:
6300:
6269:
6267:
6231:
6229:
6221:
6220:
6205:
6204:
6194:
6180:
6179:
6164:
6163:
6150:
6149:
6140:
6139:
6132:
6129:
6121:
6119:
6111:
6109:
6101:
6099:
6091:
6089:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6069:
6053:
6051:
6027:
6025:
6022:
6020:
6008:
6007:
5990:
5989:
5974:r. 1362-1377,
5970:
5969:
5938:
5935:
5927:
5925:
5924:
5913:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5901:
5864:
5862:
5842:
5841:
5822:
5821:
5820:al-Mu'tadid I
5802:
5801:
5782:
5779:
5767:
5765:
5764:
5743:
5731:
5729:
5714:
5712:
5703:
5685:
5684:
5683:al-Mustakfī I
5661:
5660:
5645:
5642:
5630:
5629:
5618:
5606:
5575:
5573:
5559:
5558:
5543:
5542:
5527:
5526:
5511:
5508:
5500:
5499:
5470:
5462:
5449:
5447:
5421:
5420:
5403:
5402:
5387:
5385:
5339:
5337:
5308:
5307:
5292:
5290:
5236:
5234:
5203:
5202:
5187:
5185:
5131:
5129:
5098:
5097:
5082:
5080:
5026:
5024:
4989:
4988:
4973:
4971:
4949:
4948:
4923:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4893:
4892:
4882:
4880:
4859:
4856:
4840:
4838:
4837:
4812:
4804:
4802:
4794:
4792:
4781:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4757:
4756:
4744:
4742:
4723:
4721:
4673:
4671:
4657:
4656:
4625:
4623:
4575:
4573:
4559:
4531:
4529:
4481:
4479:
4465:
4464:
4433:
4431:
4383:
4381:
4355:
4354:
4339:
4338:
4335:ʿAbd al-Karīm
4315:
4313:
4255:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4204:
4203:
4188:
4187:
4172:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4129:
4113:
4111:
4103:
4101:
4080:
4078:
4062:
4061:
4036:
4035:
4012:
4011:
3996:
3993:
3977:
3975:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3947:
3931:
3929:
3913:
3911:
3900:
3898:
3880:
3868:
3867:
3848:
3847:
3832:
3831:
3820:
3818:
3760:
3758:
3748:
3747:
3732:
3731:
3716:
3704:
3690:
3689:
3672:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3617:
3605:
3603:
3591:
3589:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3536:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3513:
3503:
3500:
3484:
3482:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3450:
3434:
3432:
3412:
3410:
3403:
3401:
3375:
3374:
3359:
3358:
3343:
3342:
3327:
3324:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3278:
3262:
3260:
3249:
3247:
3221:
3220:
3205:
3204:
3181:
3178:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3142:
3134:
3132:
3113:
3111:
3081:
3080:
3065:
3053:
3052:ʿĪsā ibn Mūsā
3041:
3037:
3034:
3026:
3024:
3023:
2998:
2990:
2988:
2965:
2963:
2943:
2942:
2925:
2924:
2912:
2908:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2884:
2881:
2873:
2871:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2829:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2778:
2766:
2759:
2753:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2716:
2713:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2675:
2667:
2665:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2545:
2543:
2489:
2486:
2477:
2466:
2463:
2449:
2448:
2447:ibn al-ʿAbbās
2442:Hibr al-Ummah
2432:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2410:
2350:
2348:
2329:
2325:
2317:
2313:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2277:
2274:
2266:
2264:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2192:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2121:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:caliphal line
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Baha al-Dawla
1978:
1967:
1963:
1960:of the Buyid
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1834:, who became
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:al-Mutawakkil
1816:
1812:
1810:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:Friday prayer
1777:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1754:Al-Mutawakkil
1746:
1744:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:ibn Ka'b ibn
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1450:Umm al-Quwain
1447:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
997:
994:
993:
989:
987:
984:
983:
979:
977:
974:
973:
969:
967:
964:
963:
959:
957:
954:
953:
949:
947:
944:
943:
939:
937:
934:
933:
929:
927:
924:
923:
915:
914:
904:
902:
899:
898:
894:
892:
889:
888:
884:
882:
879:
878:
874:
872:
869:
868:
864:
862:
859:
858:
854:
852:
849:
848:
844:
842:
839:
838:
834:
832:
829:
828:
824:
822:
819:
818:
814:
812:
809:
808:
804:
802:
799:
798:
794:
792:
789:
788:
784:
782:
779:
778:
774:
772:
769:
768:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
752:
751:Muslim Sicily
749:
748:
744:
742:
739:
738:
734:
732:
729:
728:
724:
722:
719:
718:
714:
712:
709:
708:
704:
702:
699:
698:
694:
692:
689:
688:
684:
682:
679:
678:
670:
669:
659:
657:
654:
653:
649:
647:
644:
643:
639:
637:
634:
633:
629:
627:
624:
623:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
607:
604:
603:
599:
597:
594:
593:
589:
587:
584:
583:
579:
577:
574:
573:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
557:
554:
553:
549:
547:
544:
543:
539:
537:
534:
533:
529:
527:
524:
523:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
497:
494:
493:
489:
487:
484:
483:
479:
477:
474:
473:
469:
467:
464:
463:
459:
457:
454:
453:
445:
444:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
422:
419:
418:
414:
412:
409:
408:
404:
402:
399:
398:
390:
389:
380:450 AD–550 AD
379:
377:
374:
373:
369:
367:
364:
363:
359:
357:
354:
353:
349:
347:
344:
343:
339:
337:
334:
333:
329:
327:
324:
323:
320:64 BC–300s AD
319:
317:
314:
313:
310:132 BC–244 AD
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:400 BC–106 AD
299:
297:
294:
293:
290:600 BC–100 BC
289:
287:
284:
283:
280:800 BC–300 BC
279:
277:
274:
273:
265:
264:
260:
256:
255:
251:
250:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
217:
213:
208:
202:
193:
189:
185:
173:
169:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
148:
147:
145:
141:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
121:
119:
117:Historic seat
115:
112:
109:
105:
101:
95:
91:
87:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
69:Parent family
67:
60:
55:
42:
37:
33:
19:
8293:Banu Yashkur
8156:
7879:Banu Makhzum
7863:Banu Husays
7768:
7746:
7739:
7719:"al-Muhtadī"
7692:
7685:
7646:
7626:
7602:
7578:
7557:
7533:
7510:
7503:
7445:
7424:
7414:
7408:
7390:
7383:
7333:
7314:
7279:
7273:
7253:
7246:
7235:. Retrieved
7231:the original
7215:
7205:
7196:
7190:
7175:
7160:
7148:
7136:
7114:Sourdel 1978
7094:
7087:Sourdel 1970
7082:
7075:Kennedy 2004
7070:
7058:
7046:
7034:
7027:Kennedy 1993
7022:
7010:
6986:
6977:
6968:
6959:
6950:
6943:Kennedy 2004
6938:
6931:Kennedy 2006
6926:
6919:Kraemer 1989
6914:
6907:Kennedy 2006
6902:
6895:Kraemer 1989
6890:
6883:Kraemer 1989
6878:
6871:Kennedy 2004
6866:
6859:Kraemer 1989
6854:
6847:Kennedy 2004
6827:
6816:
6809:Hoiberg 2010
6779:
6764:
6757:
6738:
6732:
6709:
6698:
6651:Al-Musta'sim
6644:
6457:
6379:al-Mustamsik
6375:
6305:r. 1479-1497
6295:
6225:r. 1455-1479
6219:al-Mustanjid
6215:
6209:r. 1451-1455
6199:
6184:r. 1441-1451
6174:
6168:r. 1414-1441
6158:
6146:
6144:r. 1406-1414
6134:
6012:r. 1383-1386
6002:
5988:al-Musta'sim
5984:
5964:
5846:r. 1340-1341
5836:
5826:r. 1352-1362
5816:
5806:r. 1341-1352
5796:
5689:r. 1302-1340
5679:
5665:r. 1242-1258
5659:al-Mūstā'sīm
5655:
5563:r. 1262-1302
5553:
5541:al-Mūstānsīr
5537:
5531:r. 1226-1242
5525:al-Mūstānsīr
5521:
5425:r. 1260-1277
5417:
5407:r. 1225-1226
5397:
5312:r. 1180-1225
5302:
5223:ibn al-Hāsān
5207:r. 1170-1180
5197:
5102:r. 1160-1170
5096:al-Mūstānjīd
5092:
4993:r. 1136-1160
4983:
4953:r. 1135-1136
4943:
4897:r. 1118-1135
4889:
4761:r. 1094-1118
4755:al-Mūstāzhīr
4751:
4661:r. 1075-1094
4651:
4469:r. 1031-1075
4459:
4349:
4333:
4237:
4221:
4198:
4182:
4056:
4030:
4006:
3862:
3842:
3826:
3742:
3726:
3684:
3554:
3532:
3369:
3353:
3337:
3215:
3199:
3075:
2935:
2919:Abū'l-ʿAbbās
2917:
2889:
2886:
2748:
2735:
2588:
2581:
2572:al-Hānafīyya
2570:
2565:
2564:Abū'l-Qāsīm
2461:
2446:
2418:
2323:
2311:
2283:
2152:
2088:
2075:
2043:
2016:
1966:Izz al-Dawla
1958:puppet ruler
1949:
1944:
1933:
1908:
1900:
1888:
1876:
1813:
1806:
1793:
1769:
1752:
1739:
1657:
1585:
1545:1921–present
1530:1900–present
1515:1868–present
1500:1833–present
1485:1810–present
1470:1783–present
1455:1775–present
1440:1761–present
1425:1752–present
1410:1749–present
1395:1744–present
1390:Saudi Arabia
1380:1727–present
1365:1727–present
1350:1631–present
360:300s–500s AD
187:
183:
181:
153:
8578:Banu Hashim
8549:Arab tribes
8253:Abd al-Qays
7937:Arab tribes
7935:Historical
7894:Banu Zuhrah
7884:Banu Nawfal
7859:Banu Hashim
7847:Banu Umayya
7745:Volume VII:
7736:Pellat, Ch.
7678:Pellat, Ch.
7509:Volume VII:
7500:Pellat, Ch.
7389:Volume VII:
7380:Pellat, Ch.
7129:Masudi 2010
7063:Bonner 2010
7051:Bonner 2010
7039:Bonner 2010
6832:Gordon 2001
6821:Brauer 1995
6589:Al-Muqtadir
6581:al-Mu'tadid
6571:Al-Mu'tamid
6546:Al-Mu'tasim
6138:al-Musta'īn
6006:al-Wāṯiq II
5800:al-Hakim II
5201:al-Mūstādī'
4359:r. 991-1031
4186:al-Mustakfī
4040:r. 908-929,
4034:al-Muqtadir
3866:al-Mu'tadid
3830:al-Musta'in
3730:al-Mu'tamid
3688:al-Muntasir
3512:al-Mu'tasim
3373:al-Mu'tasim
2939:ʿAbd Allāh
2921:ʿAbd Allāh
2757:716/7 - 743
2459:Abū'l-Qāsīm
2457:al-Nabiyyin
2068:Family tree
1922:al-Mustakfi
1903:al-Muqtadir
1879:al-Mu'tadid
1860:al-Mu'tamid
1852:Fifth Fitna
1844:al-Musta'in
1815:Al-Muntasir
1758:al-Muntasir
1250:Pate Island
1223:East Africa
1016:Sulaymanids
956:Ukhaidhirds
741:Sulaymanids
711:Muhallabids
616:Munqidhites
516:Shirvanshah
370:300s–602 AD
340:196–1100 AD
330:100s–241 AD
171:Dissolution
107:Final ruler
73:Banu Hashim
8568:Banu Abbas
8562:Categories
8471:al-Samayda
8288:Taym Allah
8268:Banu Dhuhl
7867:Banu Jumah
7691:Volume IV:
7237:2015-08-08
7153:Hanne 2007
6775:0195778286
6748:0946621330
6690:References
6640:al-Muqtafi
6630:Al-Muqtafi
6622:Al-Muqtadi
5976:1377-1383,
5840:al-Wāṯiq I
5657:ʿAbd Allāh
5557:al-Hakim I
4987:al-Mūqtāfī
4655:al-Mūqtādī
4653:ʿAbd Allāh
4461:ʿAbd Allāh
4343:r. 974-991
4247:r. 940-944
4241:al-Muttaqī
4231:r. 934-940
4208:r. 946-974
4192:r. 944-946
4184:ʿAbd Allāh
4016:r. 902-908
4010:al-Muktafī
3872:r. 892-902
3852:r. 866-869
3846:al-Mu'tazz
3836:r. 862-866
3752:r. 869-870
3746:al-Muhtadi
3736:r. 870-892
3694:r. 861-862
3564:r. 842-847
3540:r. 847-861
3379:r. 833-842
3363:r. 813-833
3347:r. 809-813
3225:r. 786-809
3209:r. 785-786
3085:r. 775-785
2947:r. 754-775
2937:Abū Jāʿfar
2929:r. 750-754
2890:(Ebrāheem)
2736:Abū Hāshīm
2586:ʿAbd Allāh
2444:ʿAbd Allāh
2324:ʿAbd Allāh
2309:Abū'l-Fādl
2285:ʾAbū Ṭālib
1997:al-Muqtafi
1952:Abbasids.
1946:Al-Muttaqi
1891:al-Muktafi
1856:al-Muhtadi
1762:al-Mu'tazz
1711:Babylonian
1536:Hashemites
1491:Al Maktoum
1461:Al Khalifa
1146:Upper Yafa
1136:Ya'arubids
976:Qarmatians
861:Sumadihids
350:220–638 AD
346:Ghassanids
210:) were an
196:بنو العباس
8135:Abd-Shams
8074:Banu Kanz
7980:Banu Asad
7889:Banu Taym
7872:Banu Sahm
7824:Clans of
7709:758278456
7674:Lewis, B.
7600:(2010) .
6787:cite book
6552:Al-Wathiq
6540:Al-Ma'mun
6387:1516-1517
5996:1386-1389
5978:1389-1406
5523:Al-Mānsūr
5199:Al-Hāssān
4947:al-Rāshīd
4945:Al-Mānṣūr
4563:1039-1056
4353:al-Qāʿdīr
3558:al-Wathiq
3357:al-Ma'mun
3355:Abd Allāh
3219:ar-Rāshīd
2941:al-Mānṣūr
2923:as-Saffāh
2909:Mūsā ibn
2898:743 - 749
2893:"al-Imām"
2752:"al-Imām"
2589:al-Sajjad
2312:al-ʿAbbās
1789:al-Tabari
1771:Maghariba
1743:al-Ma'mun
1727:invention
1703:Al-Mansur
1673:(566–653
1660:caliphate
1608:Al-‘Abbas
1602:and also
1590:, one of
1521:Al Sharqi
1476:Al Nuaimi
1446:Al Mualla
1435:Abu Dhabi
1431:Al Nahyan
1371:Al Qasimi
1356:Al Qasimi
1320:1860–1887
1310:1858–1895
1295:1856–1964
1285:1746–1828
1270:1277–1495
1255:1203–1894
1210:1926–1970
1200:1906–1934
1190:1903–1967
1180:1858–1967
1176:Qu'aitids
1170:1836–1921
1166:Rashidids
1160:1820–1970
1150:1800–1967
1140:1624–1742
1130:1597–1872
1120:1463–1521
1110:1454–1526
1100:1395–1967
1096:Kathirids
1090:1305–1487
1086:Jarwanids
1080:1253–1320
1070:1229–1454
1060:1159–1174
1050:1154–1624
1046:Nabhanids
1040:1083–1174
1030:1076–1253
1020:1063–1174
1010:1047–1138
1006:Sulayhids
905:1837–1969
901:Senussids
895:1554–1659
885:1230–1492
875:1049–1078
865:1041–1091
855:1039–1110
845:1031–1091
841:Jawharids
835:1027–1063
831:Muzaynids
825:1026–1057
821:Hammudids
815:1023–1062
811:Yahsubids
805:1023–1091
795:1020–1086
785:1013–1039
775:1012–1051
765:1004–1412
731:Aghlabids
660:1697–1842
650:1517–1865
640:1480–1677
630:1517–1697
620:1025–1157
610:1024–1080
606:Mirdasids
596:Numayrids
576:Jarrahids
566:Mazyadids
546:Hamdanids
536:Hashimids
496:Habbarids
486:Dulafids
336:Tanukhids
201:romanized
98:1261 (in
49:العباسيون
8573:Abbasids
8547:Part of
8454:Juhaynah
8332:Tha'laba
8312:Ghatafan
8094:Mustaliq
8084:Khath'am
8049:Al-Haram
7970:Banu Amr
7854:Banu Adi
7738:(eds.).
7693:Iran–Kha
7684:(eds.).
7555:(2006).
7531:(2004).
7502:(eds.).
7480:(1993).
7382:(eds.).
7362:(1993).
7352:94078513
7213:(2008).
6658:See also
6636:al-Nasir
6618:al-Qa'im
6608:Al-Qadir
6534:Zubaidah
6512:Al-Mahdi
6458:Muḥammad
6203:al-Qāʾim
5994:r. 1377,
5401:az-Zāhīr
5399:Muḥammad
5306:al-Nāsīr
5221:Abū Bakr
5116:al-Hāsān
4985:Muḥammad
4463:al-Qāʿīm
4337:al-Ṭāʾiʿ
4223:Muḥammad
4202:al-Mutīʿ
4060:al-Qāhir
4058:Muḥammad
3844:Muḥammad
3744:Muḥammad
3686:Muḥammad
3371:Muḥammad
3339:Muḥammad
3079:al-Mahdī
3077:Muḥammad
2888:Ibrāhim
2750:Muḥammad
2566:Muḥammad
2462:Muḥammad
2077:Abbasids
2050:Muhammad
2027:Ayyubids
1989:al-Qa'im
1985:al-Qadir
1895:governor
1883:Tulunids
1848:Muhammad
1667:Muhammad
1592:Muhammad
1525:Fujairah
1506:Al Thani
1416:Al Sabah
1305:Wituland
1240:896–1279
1196:Idrisids
1126:Qasimids
1106:Tahirids
1076:Usfurids
1066:Rasulids
1036:Zurayids
1000:968–1925
986:Wajihids
980:899–1077
970:897–1962
960:865–1066
946:Yufirids
940:819–1138
936:Ziyadids
930:751–1970
871:Tahirids
801:Abbadids
781:Tujibids
755:831–1091
721:Idrisids
705:756–1031
685:710–1019
681:Salihids
646:Harfushs
636:Turabays
600:990–1081
590:990–1096
586:Uqaylids
580:970–1107
570:961–1150
560:955–1071
556:Rawadids
550:890–1004
540:869–1075
520:861–1538
506:Kaysites
500:854–1011
470:736–1122
435:909–1171
431:Fatimids
425:750–1258
421:Abbasids
411:Umayyads
401:Rashidun
366:Lakhmids
356:Salihids
245:Ancestry
223:Hashimid
220:Qurayshi
188:Abbasids
92:750 (in
8523:Al Fadl
8496:Hanzala
8444:Balqayn
8417:Muharib
8393:Qushayr
8383:Khafaja
8346:Hawazin
8317:Dhubyan
8300:Taghlib
8283:Shayban
8243:Muzayna
8206:Madhhaj
8192:Khuthir
8130:Quraysh
8125:Jadhima
8089:Khuza'a
8054:Hudhayl
8010:Khazraj
7826:Quraysh
7747:Mif–Naz
7511:Mif–Naz
7391:Mif–Naz
7301:Sources
6647:caliph.
6595:Al-Radi
6530:Al-Amin
6518:Al-Hadi
6152:r. 1412
5547:r. 1261
5118:ibn Alī
5009:al-Qabī
4239:Ībrāhīm
4225:al-Rādī
4200:Al-Faḍl
4042:929-932
3884:875-892
3720:870-891
3708:850-861
3341:al-Amin
3203:al-Hādī
3069:762-764
3057:750-765
3045:748-755
2782:750-751
2770:750-754
2159:ʿHāshīm
2108:Caliphs
2104:
2097:of the
2095:Caliphs
2091:
2054:Selim I
1993:Seljuks
1977:al-Ta'i
1954:Al-Muti
1935:Al-Radi
1911:al-Radi
1823:Samarra
1785:Ramadan
1723:culture
1719:science
1715:Babylon
1707:Baghdad
1689:in the
1679:Baghdad
1654:History
1465:Bahrain
1401:Al Said
1386:Al Saud
1375:Sharjah
1345:Morocco
1341:'Alawis
1280:Mombasa
1116:Jabrids
1056:Mahdids
1026:Uyunids
990:926–965
966:Rassids
950:847–997
891:Saadids
881:Nasrids
791:Amirids
771:Bakrids
761:Kanzids
745:814–922
735:800–909
725:788–974
715:771–793
695:745-757
656:Shihabs
626:Ma'nids
530:864–928
526:Alavids
510:860–964
490:840–897
480:824–961
460:654–884
415:661–750
405:632–661
203::
94:Baghdad
89:Founded
79:Country
8532:Thamud
8518:Jarrah
8508:Tanukh
8476:Sa'ida
8434:Bahra'
8429:Quda'a
8412:Bahila
8402:Sulaym
8356:Thaqif
8322:Fazara
8273:Hanifa
8258:Anizah
8248:Rabi'a
8231:Zubaid
8196:Lihyan
8152:Hashim
8140:Umayya
8116:Ghifar
8111:Damrah
8101:Kinana
8079:Kahlan
8069:Jurhum
8059:Judham
8044:Hamdan
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8032:Zahran
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8366:Hilal
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3217:Hārūn
3201:ʿMūsā
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2023:Cairo
1950:later
1840:Wasif
1776:Wasif
1648:Adnan
1604:Adnan
1588:Abbas
1510:Qatar
1495:Dubai
1480:Ajman
1265:Kilwa
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