65:
about echo chambers. The rise of minimally moderated platforms has created a chaotic environment, making it harder to combat disinformation. A disconnect exists between the actual prevalence of misinformation and public perception, potentially eroding trust in democratic processes. Additionally, a growing segment of
Canadians has become deeply skeptical of democratic institutions, operating in an alternate information reality disconnected from mainstream narratives. According to the
1842:"Watch: "In response, today, the United States, United Kingdom and Canada are launching a joint diplomatic campaign to rally allies and partners around the world to join us in addressing the threat posed by RT and other machinery of Russian disinformation and covert influence." - https://t.co/7yvTpPl3IZ"
64:
and the increase in foreign interference in elections globally. According to McGill's 2022 Media
Ecosystem Observatory's report, Canada's information landscape is fragmenting, with citizens increasingly relying on diverse and potentially unreliable sources for political information, raising concerns
1899:
Lazer, David M. J.; Baum, Matthew A.; Benkler, Yochai; Berinsky, Adam J.; Greenhill, Kelly M.; Menczer, Filippo; Metzger, Miriam J.; Nyhan, Brendan; Pennycook, Gordon; Rothschild, David; Schudson, Michael; Sloman, Steven A.; Sunstein, Cass R.; Thorson, Emily A.; Watts, Duncan J.; Zittrain, Jonathan
312:
described the anti-Trudeau hashtags as an emerging "wave of disinformation". Fake X accounts—formerly
Twitter— run be automated bots is a form of "aggressive social media manipulation", according to Social Media Intelligence Unit (SMIU) analyst. Social Cartograph's Geoff Golberg, a social media
983:""Take Facebook and throw that damn thing in the garbage." Yellowhead County Mayor Wade Williams among those municipal officials urging people to get proper information about the wildfires and to stop spreading the misinformation and gossip. #yeg #yyc #ableg #abwildfire https://t.co/rwFdA2sXCX"
225:
In response to the increase in "false, misleading and inflammatory" online disinformation, the federal government created the
Digital Citizen Initiative, to "support democracy and social inclusion in Canada". The Digital Citizen Initiative is also supporting the Canadian Digital Media Research
241:
was largely "unencumbered by interference", although there were some attempts to "disrupt, misinform and divide", but these "efforts" were "uncoordinated", limited in number, and had little if any impact. However, by 2019, the threat to and vigilance of democracies around the globe had been
52:
In
January 2019, just days after publicly calling out technology giants, Prime Minister Trudeau announced the first federal financing of $ 7 million to respond to online misinformation and disinformation in Canada. Malinformation is content grounded in truth but presented in a misleading or
313:
manipulation researcher, said that hashtag #NotABot, which followed the previous hashtag, is also a "form of disinformation in itself". He added that those who push disinformation "tend to run a similar playbook when called out for engaging in co-ordinated inauthentic activity".
1674:
33:
Disinformation is "false information that is purposely spread to deceive people". Misinformation is information that is false or misleading, that contradicts consensus by experts in the field or by the "best available evidence".
234:
1492:
1397:
Bridgman, Aengus; Merkley, Eric; Loewen, Peter John; Owen, Taylor; Ruths, Derek; Teichmann, Lisa; Zhilin, Oleg (2020). "The Causes and
Consequences of COVID-19 Misperceptions: Understanding the Role of News and Social Media".
368:
expert on wildfire communication, during disasters, online information can be "really reliable"but it can also be "straight-up misinformation" and even "disinformation where you have actors intentionally seeding incorrect
1419:
Bridgman, Aengus; Merkley, Eric; Zhilin, Oleg; Loewen, Peter John; Owen, Taylor; Ruths, Derek (2021). Infodemic
Pathways: Evaluating the Role That Traditional and Social Media Play in Cross-National Information Transfer.
501:— U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada will partner in a "joint diplomatic campaign" to counter Russian disinformation and covert influence around the globe.
1748:
2100:
The Cyber Centre will be a single unified source of expert advice, guidance, services and support on cyber security for government, critical infrastructure owners and operations, the private sector and the
Canadian
444:—$ 9.7 million to "distribute content to U.S. audiences with hidden Russian government messaging". Chen and her husband, Donavan, the co-founder of Tenet, knew their funding came from 'the Russians'. During the
408:
called on NATO countries to build resilience to counter misinformation which is part of the assault against the NATO alliance, specifically in order to assist
Ukraine in responding to Russia's illegal invasion.
390:
survey on online misinformation, 59% of
Canadians reported very or extreme concerneds about online misinformation, while 43% said that distinguishing truth from fiction online was more difficult than in
124:. Russian disinformation in Canada included the "Nazi-grandfather" conspiracy theory that claims that descendants of Nazis who are currently living in Canada have amassed "outsized political power."
23:
1186:
2017:
Owen, Taylor; Loewen, Peter John; Ruths, Derek; Bridgman, Aengus; Gorwa, Robert; MacLellan, Stephanie (2020). "Lessons in Resilience: Canada's Digital Media Ecosystem and the 2019 Election".
1280:
933:
1685:
1219:
1959:
1496:
3233:
3153:
364:, Mayor Wade Williams tweeted on X, to tell residents to stop relying on Facebook for information on the wildfires as the platform was "full of false information". According to a
1756:
1654:
955:
1337:
3258:
3094:
3089:
3084:
429:
1813:
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2550:
376:— Prime Minister Trudeau announced the creation of a dedicated team to counter disinformation sponsored by Russia, that will include collaboration with the
334:(RT) to recruit other conservative commentators to influence U.S. public opinion. Included among those she recruited were Matt Christiansen, Tayler Hansen,
3419:
53:
exaggerated way, which can lead to misconceptions and harm. It manipulates factual elements to mislead audiences through distortion or selective emphasis.
1732:
3101:
3074:
2626:
1176:
1074:"Speech by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at event hosted by the NATO Association of Canada and the Canadian NATO Parliamentary Association"
2969:
1270:
917:
2087:
1873:
1209:
117:
96:
304:, dozens of accounts "tweeting at non-human rates" posted the #TrudeauMustGo hashtag shortly after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's criticized
3282:
3238:
3044:
2719:
1967:
1034:
4461:
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1125:
3307:
3248:
484:— U.S. authorities seized the RRN domain, that hosts the website Reliable Recent News, a Russian disinformation site that features anti-
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2954:
2621:
1778:
862:
2594:
1013:
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heightened as the "tools that were used to strengthen civic engagement being used to undermine, disrupt and destabilize democracy."
4756:
2175:
1210:"U.S. Officials Allege Russian Operatives Illegally Provided $ 10 Million to Fund Videos by American Right-Wing Social Media Stars"
350:
to be a part of the Tenet Media network. These well-known right-wing commentators were duped into spreading Russian misinformation.
1623:
222:. The government also called on social media platforms to be more proactive in combatting disinformation by implementing policies.
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3275:
3106:
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1658:
1303:
1513:
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2033:
796:
208:— Trudeau sharply criticized social media giants at a public event in Quebec City, with particularly sharp rhetoric against
1099:
5473:
3511:
192:
2116:"Defining Misinformation and Understanding its Bounded Nature: Using Expertise and Evidence for Describing Misinformation"
1577:
4357:
3228:
2631:
2438:
1705:
3134:
2699:
1991:
1521:
1442:
188:
66:
19:
2060:
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there was not a lot of misinformation or disinformation but it was a threat to the public sphere, according to a 2020
218:— The Canadian government announced a $ 7 million plan to fight online misinformation and disinformation ahead of the
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38:
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4454:
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3469:
2814:
278:
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3783:
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1472:
149:
at the "Charlevoix Commitment on Defending Democracy from Foreign Threats" by the leaders of the Group of Seven (
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3207:
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1422:
1245:
445:
249:
238:
219:
4013:
3404:
3148:
3029:
2835:
1749:"Federal government to announce $ 7 million in funding to fight disinformation online ahead of 2019 election"
433:
300:
3658:
3302:
3057:
2964:
2336:
2168:
1556:
1151:"Major Russian disinfo site featuring anti-Trudeau articles prompts calls for new focus at public inquiry"
5478:
5216:
4447:
4428:
3849:
3414:
3409:
2859:
2646:
2641:
2346:
2251:
1794:"Canadian research is producing AI-powered algorithms to counter mis- and disinformation on social media"
377:
142:
1246:"Washington's indictment shines a bright light on the dark corners of Russian disinformation operations"
1150:
1126:"The blaze in Jasper fueled a wider disinformation firestorm | Canada's National Observer: Climate News"
3424:
2854:
2297:
2210:
437:
361:
27:
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4099:
3728:
3673:
3341:
3317:
2381:
2079:
335:
2080:"Scott Jones, Head-designate, Canadian Centre for Cyber Security and Deputy Chief, IT Security, CSE"
956:"Well-known right-wing influencers duped to work for covert Russian operation, U.S. prosecutors say"
464:
influencers hired by Tenet, claimed they were unaware that it was a Russian disinformation campaign.
4712:
4707:
3504:
3429:
3243:
3111:
2240:
1014:"Wildfire conspiracy theories spread faster than flames | Canada's National Observer: Climate News"
422:
called a "disinformation firestorm", part of a larger "climate disinformation campaign" in Canada.
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3014:
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2361:
1441:
Bridgman, Aengus; Lavigne, M.; Baker, M; Bergeron, T; Bohonos, D; Burton, A; McCoy, K (2022).
5357:
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The federal government produced a guidebook to help public servants combat disinformation.
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was created by political scientist, Clifton van der Linden and receives some funding from
8:
5284:
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3497:
3444:
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2714:
2651:
2401:
1073:
326:— Tenet Media Network's founder—Canadian right-wing conservative activist and influencer—
274:
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121:
100:
4215:
1927:
22:
and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by
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2689:
2543:
2416:
2391:
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1913:
1631:
1473:"Digital Citizen Initiative – Online disinformation and other online harms and threats"
1271:"US conservative influencers say they are 'victims' of Russian disinformation campaign"
1214:
478:'s, Luke LeBrun, said that Canada plays an "outsized role in far-right misinformation."
461:
146:
1901:
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1939:
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925:
387:
125:
61:
57:
46:
42:
2153:
1814:"Canadian government funds media literacy research project to combat disinformation"
1177:"DOJ alleges Russia funded US media company linked to right-wing social media stars"
414:— Canada's rightwing activists posted conspiracy theories on social media about the
5442:
5266:
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5110:
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4735:
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2321:
2127:
2061:"RT's work extends beyond propaganda to covert intelligence operations, U.S. warns"
1931:
1427:
1407:
1175:
Cohen, Zachary; O'Sullivan, Donie; Perez, Evan; Lyngaas, Sean (September 4, 2024).
918:"Right-Wing Influencer Network Tenet Media Allegedly Spread Russian Disinformation"
489:
405:
4023:
2131:
1339:
What's behind Canada's outsized influence in the world of far-right misinformation
5432:
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5362:
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347:
2115:
235:
House of Commons Standing Committee on Access to Information, Privacy and Ethics
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78:
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70:
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1315:
929:
475:
453:
154:
56:
In August 2021, the Canadian Election Misinformation Project was launched by
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95:
Canadian pro-Putin groups began promoting Russian misinformation about the
5319:
5279:
5130:
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4702:
4672:
4654:
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1411:
441:
327:
3489:
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5256:
5221:
5140:
5080:
4974:
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4614:
4604:
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4514:
4509:
4484:
4367:
4200:
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3924:
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3593:
3537:
3454:
2904:
2880:
2611:
2470:
2460:
2423:
2356:
2331:
1304:"What Right-Wing Influencers Actually Said in Those Tenet Media Videos"
980:
457:
343:
230:
181:. The G7 RRM focusses on "addressing foreign-sponsored disinformation".
2940:
5120:
5100:
5075:
4954:
4926:
4839:
4776:
4662:
4524:
4494:
4439:
4347:
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3914:
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3439:
3158:
2849:
2371:
2287:
2262:
2257:
1731:
Heer, Tej; Heath, Charlee; Girling, Kimberly; Bugg, Emma (May 2021).
116:
Canadian pro-Putin groups have promoted Russian narratives about the
1514:"How to identify misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation"
60:
in response to concerns about the rise of misinformation during the
5251:
5027:
4851:
4834:
4771:
4634:
4552:
4544:
4263:
3718:
3583:
3474:
3464:
3360:
3189:
1918:
1512:
Canada, Communications Security Establishment (February 23, 2022).
449:
339:
209:
1544:(Report). Charlevoix, Quebec: Group of 7. June 9, 2018. p. 2.
5367:
5352:
5236:
5153:
4871:
4639:
4569:
4372:
4278:
4233:
3708:
3568:
3154:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
3019:
2890:
2309:
2282:
2220:
1857:
1596:
1539:
Charlevoix commitment on defending democracy from foreign threats
1443:
Mis- and Disinformation During the 2021 Canadian Federal Election
998:
174:
3834:
892:"A new wave of disinformation emerges with anti-Trudeau hashtag"
5294:
3803:
3459:
1174:
839:
170:
158:
1100:"How wildfires expose Canada's climate disinformation problem"
5334:
4934:
3793:
3253:
760:
282:
178:
162:
1874:"Trolling Trudeau - Fears of Foreign Interference in Canada"
1493:"Countering Disinformation: A Guidebook for Public Servants"
440:
unsealed an indictment accusing Russian nationals of giving
4816:
2366:
1992:"McGill launches Canadian Election Misinformation Project"
1960:"Trudeau lashes out at Facebook and other internet giants"
1295:
863:"Twitter bots boosted the trending #TrudeauMustGo hashtag"
1181:
1091:
1035:"Prime Minister announces additional support for Ukraine"
1005:
1706:"How Russia's attack on Freeland got traction in Canada"
430:
Russian interference in the 2024 United States elections
404:— At a speech in Ottawa, Canada, NATO Secretary General
697:
150:
827:
815:
661:
609:
607:
2551:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
2183:
1872:
Kolga, Marcus; Byers-Lane, Brett (October 23, 2019).
1144:
1142:
1053:
750:
748:
651:
649:
99:. The illegal annexation marked the beginning of the
3420:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
2748:
1302:
Marchman, Tim; Mehrotra, Dhruv (September 6, 2024).
772:
556:
544:
1595:
1357:
845:
721:
709:
634:
624:
622:
604:
592:
580:
568:
2523:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
2114:Vraga, Emily K.; Bode, Leticia (January 2, 2020).
1139:
745:
685:
673:
646:
534:
532:
530:
3075:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2627:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
1471:
1239:
1237:
766:
5455:
2970:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
1369:
1301:
1123:
1097:
1011:
803:
784:
619:
515:
1578:"Hiding in plain sight: Putin's war in Ukraine"
1329:
885:
883:
856:
854:
527:
1234:
733:
212:for spreading disinformation around the world.
118:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
97:Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
4455:
3850:
3505:
3283:Election denial movement in the United States
2169:
1065:
1400:Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review
880:
851:
2503:
2078:
909:
703:
4462:
4448:
3857:
3843:
3512:
3498:
2955:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
2176:
2162:
2016:
1792:
1597:"How can society thrive in a digital age?"
1537:
1168:
1149:Montpetit, Jonathan (September 14, 2024).
833:
821:
667:
3519:
2113:
1917:
1730:
1655:"G7 Rapid Response Mechanism - Canada.ca"
1557:Concerns with misinformation online, 2023
1555:
1431:
1148:
1059:
562:
550:
3308:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
1989:
1812:
1440:
1418:
1396:
1207:
1124:Fawcett-Atkinson, Marc (July 26, 2024).
1104:Canada's National Observer: Climate News
1098:Fawcett-Atkinson, Marc (June 17, 2024).
896:Canada's National Observer: Climate News
867:Canada's National Observer: Climate News
778:
613:
598:
586:
574:
3107:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
2059:Schmunk, Rhianna (September 13, 2024).
2058:
1957:
1746:
1684:(Report). Germany. 2022. Archived from
1575:
1363:
1012:Fawcett-Atkinson, Marc (May 23, 2023).
795:sfn error: no target: CITEREFHeer2021 (
727:
715:
640:
81:" (MDM) represents billons of dollars.
5456:
4469:
3234:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
3025:Soviet influence on the peace movement
2622:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
1777:: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (
1703:
1673:
1653:
1563:(Report). The Daily. December 20, 2023
1491:
1283:from the original on September 6, 2024
1222:from the original on September 5, 2024
1189:from the original on September 6, 2024
936:from the original on September 5, 2024
754:
691:
679:
655:
4443:
3838:
3493:
3381:
2959:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
2747:
2660:
2568:
2502:
2199:
2157:
2084:Communications Security Establishment
1898:
1871:
1840:@TheJasonPugh] (September 13, 2024).
628:
521:
330:, allegedly received a contract from
2032:
1958:Leblanc, Daniel (January 25, 2019).
1839:
1511:
1375:
1243:
1208:Spangler, Todd (September 5, 2024).
981:Courtney Theriault (May 9, 2023).
809:
790:
538:
69:(CCCS) the annual cost globally of "
3229:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
2439:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
1990:Mcdevitt, Neale (August 19, 2021).
1747:Hemmadi, Murad (January 29, 2019).
889:
860:
360:, with evacuations taking place in
13:
2700:Misinformation related to abortion
2090:from the original on June 28, 2018
1622:
1576:Demchuk, Kait (October 15, 2015).
1522:Canadian Centre for Cyber Security
1336:Luke Lebrun (September 13, 2024).
739:
189:Canadian Centre for Cyber Security
120:which marked the beginning of the
67:Canadian Centre for Cyber Security
14:
5495:
3864:
2917:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
2530:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
1244:Dyer, Evan (September 11, 2024).
915:
39:COVID-19 misinformation in Canada
4353:Concentration of media ownership
3470:United States Information Agency
2749:Operations and events by country
2086:(Press release). June 12, 2018.
1798:Canada Foundation for Innovation
1704:Glavin, Terry (March 14, 2017).
1071:
279:Canada Foundation for Innovation
5106:Party platforms (or manifestos)
3070:Information war against Ukraine
2617:International Jewish conspiracy
2585:Congo Free State propaganda war
1630:. June 19, 2019. Archived from
1477:Department of Canadian Heritage
1385:
1263:
1201:
1117:
1027:
974:
948:
890:Orr, Caroline (July 25, 2019).
861:Orr, Caroline (July 18, 2019).
428:— In their campaign to counter
308:for makin racist comments. The
37:This timeline largely excludes
3382:
3298:Information Operations Roadmap
3208:Psychological Warfare Division
2778:Chinese information operations
2727:Water fluoridation controversy
1740:Evidence for Democracy Options
1495:. May 16, 2024. Archived from
1423:Frontiers in Political Science
446:2024 Tenet Media investigation
250:2019 Canadian federal election
239:2015 Canadian federal election
220:2019 Canadian federal election
1:
3405:Active Measures Working Group
3063:during the Russo-Georgian War
3030:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
2132:10.1080/10584609.2020.1716500
508:
434:2024 US presidential election
5194:Rally 'round the flag effect
3784:Rally 'round the flag effect
3659:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
3288:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
2965:Fake news in the Philippines
2569:
2337:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
191:(CSSS) was established with
145:(G7 RRM) was established in
128:became a target of the hoax.
7:
5474:Communication of falsehoods
3415:Counter Misinformation Team
3410:Counter disinformation unit
2860:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
2347:Forgery as covert operation
1878:Macdonald-Laurier Institute
1682:G7 Rapid Response Mechanism
1450:Media Ecosystem Observatory
378:G7 Rapid Response Mechanism
273:The Digital Society Lab at
143:G7 Rapid Response Mechanism
10:
5500:
3425:The Disinformation Project
2855:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
2211:Algorithmic radicalization
1902:"The science of fake news"
1733:"Misinformation in Canada"
1624:"EU-28 and G7 Regulations"
438:U.S. Department of Justice
362:Yellowhead County, Alberta
301:Canada's National Observer
17:
5388:
5333:
5265:
5207:
5139:
5056:
4973:
4925:
4815:
4726:
4653:
4543:
4535:Manipulation (psychology)
4477:
4396:
4340:
4302:
4224:
4173:
4138:
4082:
4039:
4032:
3996:
3948:
3872:
3527:
3388:
3377:
3348:
3342:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
3336:
3318:Tobacco industry playbook
3249:CIA Kennedy assassination
3221:
3167:
3141:
3129:
3043:
2990:
2978:
2947:
2935:
2923:
2911:
2899:
2868:
2842:
2830:
2770:
2758:
2754:
2743:
2575:
2564:
2509:
2498:
2382:Manipulation (psychology)
2206:
2200:
2195:
4713:Criticism of advertising
4429:Society of the Spectacle
3430:East StratCom Task Force
3244:9/11 conspiracy theories
2241:List of cognitive biases
1433:10.3389/fpos.2021.648646
1039:Prime Minister of Canada
846:Digital Society Lab 2020
262:
84:
5375:Promotional merchandise
5086:Character assassination
5023:Narcotizing dysfunction
4897:Photograph manipulation
4610:Guerrilla communication
4310:Influence of mass media
4115:Narcotizing dysfunction
3589:Cartographic propaganda
3356:Public opinion brigades
3313:Niger uranium forgeries
3303:Litter boxes in schools
2673:COVID-19 misinformation
2595:Free energy suppression
2504:Books and documentaries
2278:Euphemistic misspeaking
2120:Political Communication
1936:10.1126/science.aao2998
1426:(Report). Vol. 3.
448:, it was revealed that
395:
358:2023 Canadian wildfires
317:
289:
267:
199:
132:
107:
89:
5358:Product demonstrations
4787:Historical negationism
3971:Freedom of information
3774:Propaganda of the deed
3744:New generation warfare
3694:Historical negationism
3532:Accusation in a mirror
3102:2016 Brexit referendum
2451:Scientific fabrication
2362:Historical negationism
1657:. 2019. Archived from
822:Owen & Loewen 2020
767:Canadian Heritage 2021
386:— According to a 2023
5484:Propaganda techniques
5290:Reputation management
5209:Psychological warfare
5058:Political campaigning
4867:Firehose of falsehood
4358:Exploitation of women
3769:Psychological warfare
3734:Monumental propaganda
3684:Glittering generality
3664:Firehose of falsehood
3521:Propaganda techniques
3398:Fact-checking website
3203:Operation Mass Appeal
3185:Clockwork Orange plot
2695:Mental illness denial
2590:Climate change denial
2407:Psychological warfare
2377:Internet manipulation
2342:Firehose of falsehood
2268:Disinformation attack
1661:on September 17, 2024
1279:. September 5, 2024.
563:Vraga & Bode 2020
551:Heer & Heath 2021
5325:Corporate propaganda
3609:Demonizing the enemy
2537:Who's Who in the CIA
1970:on December 11, 2023
1900:L. (March 9, 2018).
1818:IT World Canada News
1634:on November 16, 2019
1412:10.37016/mr-2020-028
416:2024 Jasper wildfire
24:adding missing items
5413:Media concentration
5285:Non-apology apology
5275:Cult of personality
5003:Emotive conjugation
4757:Burying of scholars
4404:Advanced capitalism
4090:Cult of personality
4004:Advanced capitalism
3799:Shooting and crying
3629:Emotive conjugation
3604:Cult of personality
3554:Atrocity propaganda
3239:Conspiracy theories
3180:Double-Cross System
3149:Conspiracy theories
3010:Operation INFEKTION
2798:Internet Water Army
2652:Strategy of tension
2517:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
2402:Post-truth politics
2039:. February 26, 2019
2019:Public Policy Forum
1928:2018Sci...359.1094L
1912:(6380): 1094–1096.
1759:on October 22, 2019
1601:Digital Society Lab
962:. September 5, 2024
275:McMaster University
255:Public Policy Forum
122:Russo-Ukrainian War
101:Russo-Ukrainian War
43:conspiracy theories
5479:Media manipulation
5396:Influence-for-hire
5189:National mythology
5159:Crowd manipulation
5048:Tabloid journalism
4917:Video manipulation
4862:Fictitious entries
4585:Civil disobedience
4471:Media manipulation
4325:Semiotic democracy
4249:Civil disobedience
4161:Media manipulation
4151:Crowd manipulation
4074:Tabloid journalism
3988:Media transparency
3966:Media independence
3880:24-hour news cycle
3759:Oversimplification
3739:Moralistic fallacy
3135:HIV/AIDS denialism
3112:Trolls from Olgino
2886:Paid news in India
2876:Fake news in India
2690:HIV/AIDS denialism
2544:Merchants of Doubt
2417:Military deception
2392:Media manipulation
2231:Circular reporting
1964:The Globe and Mail
1800:. January 12, 2024
728:& Hemmadi 2019
147:Charlevoix, Quebec
5451:
5450:
5217:Airborne leaflets
5096:Election promises
4950:Product placement
4825:Alternative facts
4565:Alternative media
4437:
4436:
4363:Freedom of speech
4181:Theodor W. Adorno
4169:
4168:
4156:Managing the news
3976:Freedom of speech
3956:Media development
3920:News broadcasting
3900:Independent media
3885:Alternative media
3832:
3831:
3724:Managing the news
3549:Appeal to emotion
3487:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3323:Operation Shocker
3125:
3124:
3005:K-1000 battleship
2836:Operation Neptune
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2560:
2559:
2494:
2493:
2486:Yellow journalism
2434:counterpropaganda
2315:List of fallacies
2248:Conspiracy theory
2216:Alternative facts
1561:Statistics Canada
1041:. August 23, 2022
420:National Observer
388:Statistics Canada
126:Chrystia Freeland
62:COVID-19 pandemic
58:McGill University
47:COVID-19 pandemic
5491:
5443:Media proprietor
5267:Public relations
5247:Public diplomacy
5232:Information (IT)
5111:Name recognition
4736:Media regulation
4718:Annoyance factor
4575:Call-out culture
4490:Crowd psychology
4464:
4457:
4450:
4441:
4440:
4409:Culture industry
4378:Social influence
4331:The Lonely Crowd
4274:Political satire
4239:Call-out culture
4216:Jacques Rancière
4211:Marshall McLuhan
4186:Jean Baudrillard
4130:Viral phenomenon
4064:Public relations
4037:
4036:
3910:Mainstream media
3895:Electronic media
3859:
3852:
3845:
3836:
3835:
3824:White propaganda
3779:Public relations
3754:Overcomplication
3639:False accusation
3574:Black propaganda
3564:Beautiful people
3559:Bandwagon effect
3514:
3507:
3500:
3491:
3490:
3379:
3378:
3198:MMR autism fraud
3081:On US elections
3015:Operation Toucan
2988:
2987:
2756:
2755:
2745:
2744:
2710:anti-vaccination
2658:
2657:
2605:Holocaust denial
2580:Bermuda Triangle
2566:
2565:
2500:
2499:
2429:black propaganda
2397:Potemkin village
2322:False accusation
2298:list of websites
2197:
2196:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2103:
2097:
2095:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2022:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1966:. Archived from
1954:
1952:
1950:
1921:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1861:
1855:
1853:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1782:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1755:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1679:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1582:Atlantic Council
1572:
1570:
1568:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1479:. April 23, 2021
1461:
1459:
1457:
1447:
1437:
1435:
1415:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1241:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1146:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1095:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:
994:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
913:
907:
906:
904:
902:
887:
878:
877:
875:
873:
858:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
801:
800:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
743:
737:
731:
725:
719:
713:
707:
704:Scott-Jones 2018
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
671:
665:
659:
653:
644:
638:
632:
626:
617:
611:
602:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
560:
554:
548:
542:
536:
525:
519:
406:Jens Stoltenberg
226:Network (CDMRN).
28:reliable sources
5499:
5498:
5494:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5489:
5488:
5454:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5438:Media influence
5433:Media franchise
5418:Media democracy
5384:
5329:
5261:
5203:
5184:Loaded language
5135:
5052:
4969:
4921:
4811:
4740:
4722:
4649:
4590:Culture jamming
4539:
4473:
4468:
4438:
4433:
4419:Media franchise
4392:
4336:
4298:
4254:Culture jamming
4220:
4206:Walter Lippmann
4165:
4134:
4078:
4028:
3992:
3983:Media pluralism
3944:
3868:
3863:
3833:
3828:
3714:Loaded language
3523:
3518:
3488:
3479:
3384:
3365:
3344:
3332:
3217:
3213:Zinoviev letter
3163:
3137:
3121:
3045:Post-Soviet era
3039:
3000:Active Measures
2983:
2974:
2943:
2931:
2919:
2907:
2895:
2864:
2838:
2826:
2766:
2764:Jihadunspun.com
2750:
2731:
2656:
2632:New World Order
2600:Genocide denial
2571:
2556:
2505:
2490:
2412:Memetic warfare
2202:
2191:
2182:
2144:
2142:
2093:
2091:
2069:
2067:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2000:
1998:
1996:McGill Reporter
1973:
1971:
1948:
1946:
1882:
1880:
1851:
1849:
1823:
1821:
1803:
1801:
1770:
1769:
1762:
1760:
1735:
1714:
1712:
1694:
1692:
1691:on May 15, 2024
1688:
1677:
1664:
1662:
1637:
1635:
1606:
1604:
1586:
1584:
1566:
1564:
1541:
1528:
1526:
1516:
1502:
1500:
1499:on May 16, 2024
1482:
1480:
1455:
1453:
1445:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1374:
1370:
1362:
1358:
1348:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1284:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1223:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1016:
1010:
1006:
992:
990:
979:
975:
965:
963:
954:
953:
949:
939:
937:
916:Couts, Andrew.
914:
910:
900:
898:
888:
881:
871:
869:
859:
852:
844:
840:
834:Innovation 2024
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
804:
794:
789:
785:
777:
773:
765:
761:
753:
746:
738:
734:
726:
722:
714:
710:
702:
698:
690:
686:
678:
674:
668:Charlevoix 2018
666:
662:
654:
647:
639:
635:
627:
620:
612:
605:
597:
593:
585:
581:
573:
569:
561:
557:
549:
545:
537:
528:
520:
516:
511:
505:
398:
366:York University
348:Lauren Southern
320:
298:— According to
292:
270:
265:
258:journal report.
229:The CPC chair,
202:
135:
110:
92:
87:
45:related to the
31:
12:
11:
5:
5497:
5487:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5464:Disinformation
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5409:
5408:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5339:
5337:
5331:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5315:Understatement
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5213:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5179:Indoctrination
5176:
5171:
5166:
5164:Disinformation
5161:
5156:
5151:
5145:
5143:
5137:
5136:
5134:
5133:
5128:
5126:Smear campaign
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5045:
5043:Sensationalism
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4983:Agenda-setting
4979:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4931:
4929:
4923:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4857:False document
4854:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Catch and kill
4759:
4754:
4749:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4595:Demonstrations
4592:
4587:
4582:
4580:Cancel culture
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4549:
4547:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4467:
4466:
4459:
4452:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:Cancel culture
4241:
4236:
4230:
4228:
4226:Counterculture
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4191:Edward Bernays
4188:
4183:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4146:Catch and kill
4142:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4125:Sensationalism
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4086:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4014:Bipartisanship
4011:
4009:American Dream
4006:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3963:
3958:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3869:
3862:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3839:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3704:Indoctrination
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3614:Disinformation
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:Cherry picking
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3544:Appeal to fear
3541:
3534:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3481:
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3472:
3467:
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3366:
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3340:
3338:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3293:Habbush letter
3290:
3285:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3236:
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3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3175:Bell Pottinger
3171:
3169:
3168:United Kingdom
3165:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3131:
3127:
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3120:
3119:
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3098:
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3092:
3087:
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3078:
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3066:
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3038:
3037:
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3027:
3022:
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3007:
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2996:
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2933:
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2897:
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2872:
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2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2831:Czechoslovakia
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2803:PLA Unit 61398
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2678:by governments
2670:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2519:
2515:Disinformation
2510:
2507:
2506:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
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2441:
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2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2318:
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2307:
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2305:
2300:
2295:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2245:
2244:
2243:
2236:Cognitive bias
2233:
2228:
2226:Cherry picking
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2192:
2189:misinformation
2185:Disinformation
2181:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2126:(1): 136–144.
2105:
2104:
2076:
2050:
2049:
2024:
2023:
2008:
2007:
1981:
1980:
1955:
1890:
1889:
1863:
1862:
1831:
1830:
1820:. June 9, 2023
1810:
1784:
1783:
1744:
1722:
1721:
1701:
1671:
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1614:
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1489:
1463:
1462:
1438:
1416:
1387:
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1381:
1380:
1368:
1356:
1328:
1294:
1262:
1233:
1200:
1167:
1138:
1116:
1090:
1064:
1060:The Daily 2023
1052:
1026:
1004:
973:
947:
908:
879:
850:
838:
826:
814:
802:
783:
771:
759:
744:
732:
720:
708:
696:
684:
672:
660:
645:
633:
618:
603:
591:
579:
567:
555:
543:
526:
513:
512:
510:
507:
503:
502:
496:
493:
479:
465:
423:
409:
397:
394:
393:
392:
381:
370:
356:— During the
351:
319:
316:
315:
314:
291:
288:
287:
286:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
259:
243:
237:said that the
227:
223:
213:
201:
198:
197:
196:
182:
167:United Kingdom
134:
131:
130:
129:
109:
106:
105:
104:
91:
88:
86:
83:
79:malinformation
75:disinformation
71:misinformation
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5496:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
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5461:
5459:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5423:Media ecology
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5407:
5406:United States
5404:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5380:Telemarketing
5378:
5376:
5373:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
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5332:
5326:
5323:
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5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
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5301:
5298:
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5288:
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5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
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5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5169:Fearmongering
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
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5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
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5069:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5008:False balance
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4972:
4966:
4965:Word of mouth
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4814:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4752:Broadcast law
4750:
4748:
4745:
4744:
4742:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4600:Deplatforming
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4542:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4505:False balance
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4465:
4460:
4458:
4453:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4320:Mediatization
4318:
4316:
4315:Media studies
4313:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4294:Strike action
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4259:Demonstration
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4178:
4176:
4172:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4024:Pensée unique
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
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3928:
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3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3890:Digital media
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3866:Media culture
3860:
3855:
3853:
3848:
3846:
3841:
3840:
3837:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
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3800:
3797:
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3755:
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3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
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3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:False dilemma
3647:
3645:
3644:False balance
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
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3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
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3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
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3441:
3438:
3436:
3435:FactCheck.org
3433:
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3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
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3411:
3408:
3406:
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3399:
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3394:
3393:Fact-checking
3391:
3390:
3387:
3380:
3376:
3362:
3359:
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3353:
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3347:
3343:
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3316:
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3309:
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3277:
3274:
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3257:
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3227:
3226:
3224:
3222:United States
3220:
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3199:
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3018:
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2809:
2806:
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2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:50 Cent Party
2781:
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5280:Doublespeak
5131:Wedge issue
5091:Dog whistle
5066:Advertising
4892:Lying press
4877:Gaslighting
4655:Advertising
4630:Occupations
4520:Obfuscation
4510:Half-truths
4303:In academia
4289:Review bomb
4110:Media event
4047:Advertising
4019:Consumerism
3940:State media
3814:Weasel word
3764:Plain folks
3679:Gish gallop
3669:Flag-waving
3624:Doublespeak
3619:Dog whistle
3579:Blood libel
3328:Yellow rain
2948:Philippines
2808:Spamouflage
2793:Little Pink
2647:Rothschilds
2637:Red mercury
2352:Gaslighting
2303:Lying press
2273:Doublespeak
1710:Macleans.ca
755:Canada 2024
692:G7 RRM 2021
680:G7 RRM 2019
656:Glavin 2017
474:broadcast,
442:Tenet Media
426:September 4
384:December 20
328:Lauren Chen
193:Scott Jones
49:in Canada.
5458:Categories
5401:Media bias
5257:Subversion
5222:False flag
5199:Techniques
5141:Propaganda
5101:Lawn signs
5081:Canvassing
4975:News media
4731:Censorship
4663:Billboards
4615:Hacktivism
4605:Grassroots
4530:Persuasion
4368:Media bias
4269:Occupation
4201:Guy Debord
4083:Techniques
4052:Propaganda
3949:Principles
3925:News media
3905:Mass media
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3594:Censorship
3538:Ad hominem
3455:PolitiFact
3383:Opposition
3259:Sandy Hook
3058:on Estonia
2992:Soviet era
2905:Team Jorge
2881:Godi-media
2642:Reptilians
2612:Illuminati
2471:Truthiness
2461:Social bot
2424:Propaganda
2357:Half-truth
2332:False flag
2094:October 4,
2034:"Briefing"
1919:2307.07903
629:Kolga 2019
522:Lazer 2018
509:References
492:articles .
458:Dave Rubin
344:Dave Rubin
231:Bob Zimmer
216:January 29
206:January 25
18:This is a
5469:Deception
5363:Promotion
5242:Political
5149:Bandwagon
5076:Attack ad
4955:Publicity
4927:Marketing
4840:Fake news
4802:Religious
4797:Political
4777:Euphemism
4772:Cover-ups
4767:Corporate
4635:Petitions
4525:Orwellian
4495:Deception
4348:Anonymity
4057:Fake news
4033:Deception
3930:Old media
3915:New media
3699:Ideograph
3654:Fake news
3450:NewsGuard
3445:Logically
3440:Full Fact
3337:Venezuela
3271:Fake news
3159:AK Trolls
2850:Funkspiel
2372:Infodemic
2288:Fake news
2263:Denialism
2258:Deception
2140:1058-4609
1753:The Logic
1376:Pugh 2024
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1316:1059-1028
930:1059-1028
810:Parl 2019
791:Heer 2021
539:CCCS 2022
482:September
472:CBC Radio
462:far-right
418:that the
412:June–July
374:August 23
233:, of the
5310:Transfer
5252:Sedition
5116:Negative
5028:Newspeak
5018:Managing
4960:Research
4935:Branding
4887:Literary
4852:Fakelore
4845:websites
4835:Deepfake
4792:Internet
4683:Modeling
4640:Protests
4620:Internet
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4545:Activism
4397:Synonyms
4388:Violence
4264:Graffiti
3997:Ideology
3719:Newspeak
3584:Buzzword
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3465:StopFake
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3266:COVID-19
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1944:29590025
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1281:Archived
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960:PBS News
934:Archived
450:Tim Pool
432:and the
340:Tim Pool
310:Observer
210:Facebook
114:March 14
5389:Related
5368:Spaving
5353:Pricing
5295:Slogans
5237:Lawfare
5174:Framing
5154:Big lie
4945:Product
4940:Loyalty
4872:Forgery
4817:Hoaxing
4698:Slogans
4678:Mobiles
4570:Boycott
4478:Context
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4279:Protest
4234:Boycott
4100:Framing
3709:Lawfare
3674:Framing
3569:Big lie
3349:Vietnam
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2891:OpIndia
2843:Germany
2310:Fallacy
2283:Factoid
2221:Big lie
2101:public.
1924:Bibcode
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470:— In a
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324:January
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3276:online
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2715:autism
2661:Health
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4782:Films
4747:Books
4688:Radio
4668:False
4645:Youth
4625:Media
4558:group
4515:Media
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3873:Media
3794:Senbu
3254:QAnon
2912:Korea
2869:India
2771:China
2685:Ebola
2201:Types
2037:(PDF)
1914:arXiv
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