599:
559:
347:
570:. Bills tabled by the president would be given priority consideration. The president would appoint the government without needing a vote of confidence from the Assembly. For a motion of censure to be adopted, it would have to be voted on by two-thirds of the members of the two chambers of the Assembly. Binationals could no longer be presidential candidates. The president would appoint the members of the Constitutional Court. The constitution could be reformed on the initiative of the president or of one-third of the deputies. The decree of September 2021 would remain valid until the election of a new Assembly.
232:
75:
625:, Tunisia Forward, and the Republican People's Union—and 111 individuals. The final list containing the position of each party was published on 6 July 2022 and included only 148 participants, some (such as the UGTT) having not given clear voting instructions and others (including the Arraya Al Wataniya party) having withdrawn from the campaign. After the publication of the decree of 8 July correcting errors in the draft constitution, the ISIE gave participants until 12 July to change their position concerning the vote.
127:
468:
816:
809:
510:, met in a virtual session to vote to end the exceptional measures in force since 25 July. That same day, President Saied dissolved the Assembly, against constitutional procedure, and threatened the deputies with legal proceedings. About one month later, on 22 April 2022, President Saied passed a decree-law that assigned to the President of the Republic the responsibility of appointing the seven members and spokesperson of the national election committee, the
3987:
29:
149:
684:
487:, and a change of regime. In response to the protests and threats on his power, President Saied suspended the Assembly for thirty days, relieved Prime Minister Mechichi of his duties, waived the immunity of Assembly members, closed the offices of various foreign news agencies, and ordered the military to close the Assembly house. Saied's actions were widely seen, both nationally and internationally, as those of a
634:
491:. His actions directly disregarded Article 80 of the Tunisian constitution, which stated that the Assembly could not be suspended and that before declaring a state of emergency, the president was required to consult his prime minister and the head of the Assembly. At the time, there was no constitutional court in the nation to assess the legality of Saied's interpretation of the constitution.
646:, the ISIE reiterated that this was prohibited in accordance with Article 61 of the electoral law—which also prohibited the use of public funds and resources during the referendum campaign—and said that fines would be imposed on offenders. Despite the ISIE's warning, some billboards containing the Tunisian flag were seen during the rest of the campaign.
875:
decided to boycott what it called an "apparent dialogue", accusing the
President of the Republic of making unilateral decisions. Nonetheless, it said that it would accept the will of the people if a majority of voters approved the constitution. After the publication of the draft constitution, it gave
421:
As a result of a compromise between those in favor of a classic parliamentary system and those in favor of a semi-presidential system more favorable to the head of state, executive power was shared between the
President of the Republic and the Head of Government. The constitution granted only limited
374:
was tasked with drafting and adopting a new constitution within one year of its election. A preliminary draft was published soon after, but its articles were debated one at a time in sessions in
December 2013 and January 2014, significantly delaying their final examination. The final text was adopted
920:
also rejected the draft, saying it "jeopardizes the status of rights and freedoms". These four associations and unions were among the 42 signatories of the Civil
Coalition for Freedom, Dignity, Social Justice and Equality, founded on 18 July 2022 to fight against the referendum. The non-governmental
888:
called for participation in the referendum to vote against the "political project" of the president. The party used the slogan "No to the project of Kais Saied" to express its opposition, referring to old comments in which Saied stated that he "dreams of seeing an Arab people say no" to a referendum
498:
to form a new government. From 15 January to 20 March 2022, an electronic consultation was conducted on the reforms to be proposed in anticipation of the referendum. During the consultation, which had very low turnout, the options of a transition to a presidential system and to a uninominal majority
904:
The
Soumoud coalition called for a vote against the draft constitution. The Al Chaâb Yourid party did the same to "save the Tunisian Republic from serious dangers". The Arraya Al Wataniya party, which was registered among the participants in the campaign, withdrew and called for the postponement of
661:
that broadcast the statement. The ISIE said it would investigate and enforce the law against anyone who violated electoral silence. After the announcement of the preliminary results, it confirmed that the president's statement represented an electoral violation but ruled out the possibility that it
642:
must be filed with the
Authority" which "fixes the list of participants". The list published on 28 June 2022 did not include Saied's name, and he therefore should not have been able to participate. On 12 July 2022, following the appearance of electoral posters for the "Yes" campaign including the
641:
On 5 July 2022, President of the
Republic Kais Saied published a letter in which he called for voting "Yes" to the draft constitution. Article 116, added to the electoral law by the decree-law of 1 June 2022, stipulated that "to participate in the referendum campaign, a declaration to this effect
580:
The
Superior Council of the Judiciary was abolished and replaced by three councils for each of the three judicial orders. On the subject of Article 5, which was modified from the preliminary draft, Belaïd denounced a risk of "reconstruction of the power of the religious" and a "return to the dark
314:
The question on the ballot was: "Do you support the new draft constitution for the
Tunisian republic?" Preliminary results were announced from 26 July to 28 July, and the final results—94.6 percent in favor of the new constitution and 5.4 percent opposed—were announced on 28 August 2022 after all
1181:
at the US Embassy in Tunis, Natasha
Franceschi, to publish a formal protest against Blinken's statements. Franceschi was informed of Tunisia's surprise at the statement, which the ministry claimed did not reflect the reality of the situation in Tunisia and contradicted the principles of the
940:
refused to recognize the referendum and filed a complaint against the chairman of the advisory commission, Sadok Belaïd, and a member, Amine Mahfoudh, accusing them of fraud and trying to illegitimately change Tunisia's form of government. It also organized a demonstration in front of the
528:
On 1 June 2022, another decree-law was signed, modifying much of the law relating to elections and referendums. Per the new law, the ISIE became responsible for maintaining voter registration that would be "accurate, transparent, complete and up-to-date". Upon the passing of this law, a
610:(ISIE), responsible for organizing the referendum, announced that the referendum campaign would take place from 3 July to 23 July 2022. The preliminary results were announced from 26 to 28 July, and the final results were announced on 28 August after consideration of all appeals.
577:" and said the "State alone must work for the realization of the purposes of Islam". On 3 July, Belaïd announced that the text submitted for the referendum was not the one drawn up and presented by the commission, adding that it contained "considerable risks and shortcomings".
921:
organization Al Bawsala also announced its "refusal and opposition" to the project. The Republican People's Union called for a "No" vote. When the amendments to the project were published, it took legal action to challenge the date of the referendum, which did not change.
1167:
had been reversed. Blinken added that the United States shared the concerns of many Tunisians that the process of drafting the new constitution had limited genuine debate, stressing that the US would continue to strongly support Tunisia's democratic transition.
1598:
310:
that began on 25 July 2021. The referendum was preceded by an electronic consultation regarding the nature of the political system and the method of voting in legislative elections. It was boycotted by many of Tunisia's largest political parties.
1564:
996:
Turnout was low at only 30.5%, according to official figures released by Tunisia's elections committee. The new constitution was declared approved regardless because there was no minimum turnout requirement for the referendum to be valid.
581:
ages of Islamic civilization". The President of the Republic said on 8 July that errors had been made and announced that he would make corrections and clarifications to the draft constitution, which were published the same evening in the
585:. Among the changes made, the phrase "within the framework of a democratic system" was added to Article 5 in order to mitigate that of the "principles of Islam", and the allusion to "good morals" present in the draft text was expunged.
936:. After the publication of the draft constitution, the party reiterated its position on the referendum, which it described as an attempt to subvert the will of the people and give false legitimacy to an authoritarian government. The
1757:
3497:
1848:
2948:
1292:
2150:
1968:
1590:
1727:
2700:
3129:
2240:
1817:
2029:
3706:
2361:
3740:
2090:
1645:
3676:
3557:
1908:
3038:
1556:
1325:
448:—which saw the largest party, Ennahda, receive less than half of the 109 seats required for a legislative majority—a coalition was formed in February 2020 of five parties and several independents, with
2559:
3008:
1938:
3467:
3159:
1999:
1787:
1226:
1151:. The court's spokesperson, Imed Ghabri, said in a press release on 29 July 2022 that the Administrative Court had not yet received any appeals regarding the preliminary results of the referendum.
2210:
3345:
3068:
2888:
2858:
3193:
863:, Tunisia Forward, the Popular Current, and the Patriotic Youth Movement of Tunisia all called for a vote for the draft constitution. The Tunisian Workers' Union also supported a "Yes" vote.
2734:
2270:
859:
called on Tunisians to participate in the referendum, without taking a position. After the draft was published, the movement endorsed the new constitution. The Alliance for Tunisia, the
3406:
1749:
3587:
2331:
1840:
1391:
2940:
1284:
654:
2794:
3770:
3617:
2451:
2180:
2142:
908:
Rejecting the draft constitution, the National Union of Tunisian Journalists argued that it represented a "regression in terms of freedom of expression and of the press", while the
2641:
1960:
2060:
1878:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
2511:
551:, indicated that he would submit the preliminary draft to the head of state on 15 June, and that it did not contain any reference to Islam, unlike the constitutions of 1959 and
3527:
3223:
2481:
613:
On 29 June 2022, the ISIE published the list of participants who were accredited for the referendum campaign. This list of 161 participants was made up of 26 organizations—the
3800:
2120:
1719:
3830:
3376:
2764:
2692:
3314:
3121:
1809:
3489:
2828:
2021:
1531:
3698:
3283:
2301:
2353:
1259:
3728:
3098:
2082:
375:
on 26 January 2014 by the Constituent Assembly with 200 votes for, 12 against, and 4 abstentions. The following day, the text was signed by President of the Republic
2391:
3253:
2421:
1637:
4310:
3668:
2918:
905:
the referendum following the amendments made to the draft during the campaign. The Azimoun movement also declared that it would vote against the new constitution.
3549:
3436:
2232:
1900:
3030:
649:
On the day of the vote, Saied made a declaration broadcast on national television in which he explained certain points of the draft constitution, thus breaking
499:
ballot for legislative elections received the most support. On 30 March 2022, 120 deputies under the chairmanship of the second vice president of the Assembly,
1317:
3891:
3646:
1139:
and the human rights organization I Watch confirmed their intention to file an appeal with the higher administrative court in order to annul the results. The
2567:
3000:
1930:
456:. Only five months later, in July, the coalition collapsed when Ennahda withdrew following a conflict with Prime Minister Fakhfakh. A new cabinet of mostly
4305:
3953:
3861:
3459:
3151:
1991:
1779:
1218:
1693:
3913:
2202:
3337:
3060:
2880:
2850:
2666:
3181:
4300:
4284:
2978:
1163:
said that Tunisia had seen an erosion of democratic standards over the past year, and that many of the gains made by the Tunisian people since the
2722:
2615:
1620:
1486:
1424:
2262:
1198:
said that the passage of the new constitution marked "a setback" that "dismantles or threatens key institutional safeguards for human rights".
515:
500:
3398:
4074:
3579:
2323:
1383:
1124:, where celebrations were taking place, and announced plans to focus on changing the electoral law. On the opposite end of the spectrum, the
917:
484:
2533:
529:
constitutional referendum was announced for 25 July 2022, despite criticism from the opposition, in order to make Saied's changes official.
3975:
2786:
3762:
3609:
2443:
2172:
4279:
4162:
4147:
4082:
1358:
1148:
755:
582:
2052:
1870:
2503:
3519:
3215:
2473:
1183:
981:
972:
accused Saied of wanting to consolidate a totalitarian regime, describing the draft as a "masquerade" and calling for a boycott. The
3792:
2112:
913:
607:
511:
299:
3822:
3368:
2756:
1557:"Kais Saied prend tous les pouvoirs en main, suspend le parlement, limoge Mechichi et s'érige en chef de l'exécutif et du parquet"
4315:
2589:
1841:"Ftiti: Leur but était de pousser le chef de l'Etat à organiser un dialogue national ou à dissoudre le Parlement [Audio]"
1450:
765:
307:
3306:
1667:
976:
movement announced that it would not participate in the referendum and called for a return to a serious national dialogue. The
897:. The party also denounced violations of the electoral code when posters and banners in favor of the "Yes" campaign showed the
889:
that is a "tool of dictatorship". During the referendum campaign, Afek Tounes was prevented from holding a campaign meeting in
2816:
1515:
3275:
2293:
1172:
985:
3983:
1251:
4157:
4152:
4117:
4112:
4107:
3090:
842:
445:
2383:
4351:
4062:
4057:
4052:
3245:
2414:
2143:"Tunisie: islam, libertés, régime présidentiel… Ce qu'il faut retenir du projet de nouvelle Constitution – Jeune Afrique"
770:
735:
327:, centralizing the power of the president and adding powers while largely limiting the role of the Tunisian parliament.
2910:
1125:
945:
3428:
4178:
3968:
3883:
3639:
1961:"Tunisie: Kaïs Saïed fait fi des critiques et officialise la date du 25 juillet pour le référendum – Jeune Afrique"
520:
964:—called for a boycott of the referendum, the process of which it described as "illegal and unconstitutional". The
960:, and the Citizens movement against the coup of 25 July 2021, as well as members of civil society, and chaired by
4356:
547:
At the beginning of June 2022, the jurist Sadok Belaïd, the president of the advisory committee for drafting the
371:
3853:
653:. The Tunisian Association for the Integrity and Democracy of Elections (ATIDE) denounced this violation, while
399:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
856:
622:
4261:
1591:"Tunisie: le président s'arroge le pouvoir exécutif, Ennahdha condamne un "coup d'Etat contre la révolution""
872:
750:
614:
552:
548:
542:
351:
341:
316:
2642:"Tunisie: L'instance électorale va enquêter sur les éventuelles irrégularités constatées lors du référendum"
3122:"Tunisie – Abdelkefi: Afek Tounes empêché de tenir une activité dans le cadre de la campagne du référendum"
909:
525:, criticized this law as undermining the independence of the ISIE in violation of international standards.
480:
418:, and trade unions—Ennahda agreed to engage in a dialogue with the opposition forces after September 2013.
411:
1589:à 00h32, Par Le Parisien avec AFP Le 26 juillet 2021; À 11h06, Modifié Le 26 Juillet 2021 (25 July 2021).
3961:
969:
2970:
4271:
658:
598:
231:
4346:
1416:
965:
949:
558:
453:
4341:
860:
835:
320:
1901:"Tunisie: poussé dans ses derniers retranchements, Kaïs Saïed dissout l'Assemblée – Jeune Afrique"
346:
2941:"Tunisie: la centrale syndicale UGTT rejette le dialogue national proposé par le président Saïed"
941:
headquarters of the ISIE to demand that the referendum process be stopped before going to court.
933:
760:
740:
538:
439:
1177:
2851:"Le Courant populaire appelle les Tunisiens à voter "oui" au référendum [Vidéo+Photos]"
1117:
977:
871:
Called to participate in the advisory commission for the drafting of the new constitution, the
476:
3490:"Tunisie: Ennahdha exprime son attachement à la Constitution de 2014 et rejette le référendum"
1350:
3918:
1195:
937:
1931:"Décret-loi sur l'ISIE: Nabil Baffoun affirme se réserver le droit de recourir à la justice"
1128:
called on Saied to resign, stating that the referendum was a failure given the low turnout.
3999:
3991:
876:
its leaders the freedom to participate or not and to vote for or against the constitution.
815:
728:
74:
8:
3031:"Tunisie: Sous le slogan "Non au projet de Saïed", Afek Tounes participera au référendum"
1164:
828:
324:
637:
The "Yes" campaign poster went viral across the country weeks before the referendum day.
3669:"Tunisie: le Front du salut réitère son appel au boycott du référendum constitutionnel"
1144:
961:
403:
380:
355:
2233:"Tunisie: une version amendée de la nouvelle Constitution publiée au Journal Officiel"
1614:
1523:
1458:
953:
720:
479:
took place across Tunisia to demand that basic services be provided amid the growing
3338:"Des militants de la société civile rejettent le projet de la nouvelle Constitution"
2693:"Le mouvement Echâab appelle les Tunisiens à participer au référendum du 25 juillet"
2294:"Le référendum tunisien sur la nouvelle constitution, entre autoritarisme et charia"
1810:"Tunisie: échec de la consultation nationale en ligne voulue par le président Saïed"
1750:"Tunisie: la consultation citoyenne du président Kaïs Saïed a du plomb dans l'aile"
1720:"Tunisie: mécontentement dans la classe politique après les annonces de Kaïs Saïed"
1131:
After announcing the opening of appeals against the results of the referendum, the
957:
650:
3610:"Pour le PDL, le référendum sur la nouvelle Constitution est " nul et non avenu ""
715:
1285:"Tunisie: l'avant-projet de Constitution " prépare les conditions d'un blocage ""
973:
968:
rejected the referendum even before having access to the draft constitution. The
898:
778:
643:
505:
461:
427:
415:
376:
359:
1219:"Tunisian president announces constitutional referendum, sets new election date"
2083:"En Tunisie, le projet de Constitution confère de vastes pouvoirs au président"
1160:
488:
449:
3460:"Tunisia's Ennahda rejects dissolution of parliament, will boycott referendum"
1780:"Tunisie: une consultation largement boudée plébiscite un régime présidentiel"
4335:
1527:
1462:
912:
said it did not correspond to its charter and its values. Activists from the
785:
407:
384:
363:
932:
called for a boycott of the referendum and emphasized its attachment to the
467:
2534:"Tunisie - Référendum: Kaïs Saïed a-t-il violé le silence électoral ?"
1516:"En Tunisie, des milliers de manifestants défilent contre leurs dirigeants"
1132:
799:
567:
495:
2022:"Tunisie: le président Saïed dévoile son projet de nouvelle Constitution"
1694:"Tunisia: Human rights must be upheld following suspension of parliament"
1638:"En Tunisie, la crise politique débouche sur une crise constitutionnelle"
1318:"Libertés, droits des femmes: les avancées de la Constitution tunisienne"
1140:
1136:
885:
618:
457:
390:
The final constitution was the result of a compromise between the ruling
3914:"Tunisia: Adoption of new constitution marks a setback for human rights"
2203:"Saïed: Des erreurs dans le projet de la Constitution seront corrigées"
808:
698:
662:
had affected the outcome given the lopsided results of the referendum.
617:(UGTT), the Soumoud coalition, and 24 parties and coalitions including
566:
The text, unveiled on 30 June, established a presidential regime and a
303:
948:—a coalition made up of several political parties, including Ennahda,
3091:"Tunisie: Afek Tounes empêché de tenir un meeting populaire à Regueb"
2667:"ISIE: La déclaration de Saïed le jour du référendum, une infraction"
2590:"Le silence électoral enfreint par Kais Saied, sermonné par la HAICA"
2474:"Lettre de Kais Saied: "Dites Oui !" à la nouvelle constitution"
2354:"ISIE: Liste officielle des participants à la campagne du Référendum"
1992:"Tunisie: pas de référence à l'islam dans le projet de Constitution"
67:
Do you support the new draft constitution for the Tunisian republic?
1384:"La nouvelle constitution tunisienne analysée par le Pr Habib Slim"
894:
391:
2881:"Référendum: Le Mouvement des Jeunes patriotiques de Tunisie vote"
1451:"Tunisia's President Suspends Parliament and Fires Prime Minister"
683:
3986:
3550:"Moussi: Des milliers de Tunisiens contre la tenue du référendum"
2263:"Rectification de l'Article 5 de la Constitution ...Quel impact?"
929:
395:
295:
3369:"Naissance d'une nouvelle coalition civile contre le référendum"
475:
On 25 July 2021, upon the collapse of the coalition government,
80:
The official logo of the Tunisian constitutional referendum 2022
3699:"Cinq partis politiques lancent une "campagne anti-référendum""
890:
3307:"Référendum: La LTDH tourne le dos à Saied après moult remous"
1116:
When the "Yes" victory was announced, President Saied went to
3061:"Abdelkéfi: Réalisons le vieux rêve de Saïed et votons 'non'"
1121:
655:
Haute Autorité Indépendante de la Communication Audiovisuelle
633:
602:
Billboard for the "yes" campaign including the Tunisian flag.
574:
423:
2384:"Campagne de référendum: L'ISIE retire 13 noms, dont l'UGTT"
1668:"Profile: Kais Saied, Tunisia's president accused of 'coup'"
236:
Governate results of valid votes (left) and turnout (right)
3580:"Les partisans du PDL protestent devant le siège de l'ISIE"
3001:"Référendum: L'UGTT laisse le libre choix à ses dirigeants"
494:
On 29 September, President Saied instructed Prime Minister
2787:"Parti des Verts: Le projet de constitution est rassurant"
2415:"Référendum: Un parti politique inscrit fait défection..."
893:
following physical threats, as well as a demonstration in
302:. The referendum was supported by the Tunisian president,
3763:"Parti des Travailleurs: Le référendum est une mascarade"
2444:"ISIE: Avis aux participants à la campagne du référendum"
2113:"Factbox: What's in Tunisia's proposed new constitution?"
2173:"Sadok Belaïd décrie le projet de Constitution de Saïed"
444:
As a result of the highly fractured parliament from the
3946:
2560:"ATIDE:" Kais Saied a enfreint le silence électoral ""
1417:"Tunisia's parliament approves a coalition government"
855:
Before the publication of the draft constitution, the
3216:""Arraya Alwataneya" appelle au report du Référendum"
2504:"Campagne référendaire: Le drapeau tunisien interdit"
1097:
91:
3520:"Khemiri: Ennahdha appelle au boycott du référendum"
1487:"Ousted Tunisian PM not under house arrest: Sources"
3793:"Machrouû Tounes ne participera pas au Référendum"
884:Before the publication of the draft constitution,
387:during a ceremony at the Assembly's headquarters.
3823:"Faouzi Charfi: Al Massar boycotte le référendum"
3186:appelle à faire chuter le projet de constitution"
2616:"Silence électoral: L'ISIE se dit intransigeante"
4333:
573:The draft described Tunisia as a member of the "
3458:Amara, Tarek; Mcdowall, Angus (1 April 2022).
1871:"Tunisie: la crise institutionnelle s'aggrave"
1588:
1252:"Tunisia to vote on 'new republic' on July 25"
1189:
3969:
3854:"Ettakatol appelle à boycotter le référendum"
3457:
2757:"Référendum: L'Alliance pour la Tunisie vote"
2292:Mondafrique, La rédaction de (25 July 2022).
918:Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights
836:
485:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
477:violent demonstrations against the government
2324:"ISIE: Tout sur le référendum du 25 juillet"
2053:"Tunisie: le projet de Constitution dévoilé"
1194:The international human rights organization
1149:legislative elections scheduled for December
665:
3276:"Le SNJT rejette le projet de Constitution"
2291:
1619:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
583:Official Gazette of the Republic of Tunisia
315:appeals were considered. The newly drafted
3976:
3962:
843:
829:
2911:"Référendum: L'UTT appelle à voter 'oui'"
1184:Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
1001:Tunisian constitutional referendum, 2022
982:Democratic Forum for Labour and Liberties
398:and opposition forces. Frightened by the
2971:"Référendum: L'UGTT dévoile sa position"
1989:
1481:
1479:
914:Tunisian Association of Democratic Women
632:
608:Independent High Authority for Elections
597:
557:
514:(ISIE). A former president of the ISIE,
512:Independent High Authority for Elections
466:
379:, President of the Constituent Assembly
345:
335:
300:Independent High Authority for Elections
294:A constitutional referendum was held in
2050:
21:2022 Tunisian constitutional referendum
4334:
3429:"Référendum: L'UPR saisit la justice…"
3152:"La coalition Soumoud appelle à voter"
1838:
1730:from the original on 24 September 2021
1648:from the original on 23 September 2021
1632:
1630:
3957:
3640:"Référendum: Le PDL menace l'ISIE..."
1584:
1582:
1551:
1549:
1510:
1508:
1476:
1444:
1442:
1427:from the original on 27 February 2020
1361:from the original on 22 November 2021
1229:from the original on 27 December 2021
3992:Elections and referendums in Tunisia
3304:
2412:
1411:
1409:
1378:
1376:
1345:
1343:
1312:
1310:
1279:
1277:
1246:
1244:
1213:
1211:
1173:Tunisian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1147:announced that it would boycott the
1106:
446:2019 Tunisian parliamentary election
250:
1839:Chamsi, Chahrazed (31 March 2022).
1627:
1567:from the original on 15 August 2021
1448:
13:
3470:from the original on 21 April 2022
3119:
1990:magazine, Le Point (6 June 2022).
1941:from the original on 29 April 2022
1579:
1546:
1534:from the original on 2 August 2021
1505:
1439:
986:Democratic Patriots' Unified Party
14:
4368:
3938:
3894:from the original on 28 July 2022
3884:"Al Watad boycotte le référendum"
3864:from the original on 16 July 2022
3851:
3833:from the original on 28 July 2022
3679:from the original on 26 July 2022
3620:from the original on 16 July 2022
3590:from the original on 27 July 2022
3560:from the original on 18 June 2022
3500:from the original on 11 July 2022
3439:from the original on 22 July 2022
3409:from the original on 14 July 2022
3379:from the original on 28 July 2022
3366:
3348:from the original on 16 July 2022
3335:
3286:from the original on 28 July 2022
3256:from the original on 14 July 2022
3226:from the original on 13 July 2022
3132:from the original on 16 July 2022
3101:from the original on 16 July 2022
3071:from the original on 16 July 2022
3041:from the original on 11 July 2022
2921:from the original on 16 July 2022
2891:from the original on 16 July 2022
2861:from the original on 16 July 2022
2831:from the original on 16 July 2022
2797:from the original on 14 July 2022
2703:from the original on 25 July 2022
2514:from the original on 16 July 2022
2484:from the original on 16 July 2022
2454:from the original on 28 July 2022
2304:from the original on 24 July 2022
2273:from the original on 11 July 2022
2243:from the original on 16 July 2022
2213:from the original on 11 July 2022
2183:from the original on 28 July 2022
2153:from the original on 20 July 2022
2123:from the original on 20 July 2022
2063:from the original on 12 July 2022
2051:Afrique, Le Point (1 July 2022).
2032:from the original on 24 July 2022
2002:from the original on 14 June 2022
1971:from the original on 15 July 2022
1911:from the original on 12 July 2022
1851:from the original on 9 April 2022
1790:from the original on 28 July 2022
1760:from the original on 24 July 2022
1601:from the original on 6 April 2022
1406:
1394:from the original on 28 July 2022
1373:
1340:
1328:from the original on 28 July 2022
1307:
1295:from the original on 20 July 2022
1274:
1241:
1208:
659:Tunisian television establishment
3985:
3803:from the original on 6 July 2022
3773:from the original on 5 July 2022
3743:from the original on 2 July 2022
3709:from the original on 2 July 2022
3649:from the original on 6 July 2022
3530:from the original on 7 July 2022
3317:from the original on 6 July 2022
3305:Loum, Souleymane (6 July 2022).
3196:from the original on 6 July 2022
3162:from the original on 3 July 2022
3011:from the original on 2 July 2022
2981:from the original on 2 July 2022
2951:from the original on 2 July 2022
2767:from the original on 6 July 2022
2737:from the original on 3 July 2022
2424:from the original on 6 July 2022
2413:Loum, Souleymane (4 July 2022).
2394:from the original on 6 July 2022
2364:from the original on 2 July 2022
2334:from the original on 2 July 2022
2093:from the original on 9 July 2022
1881:from the original on 2 June 2022
1820:from the original on 7 June 2022
1726:(in French). 23 September 2021.
1262:from the original on 30 May 2022
1154:
814:
807:
682:
657:(HAICA) issued a warning to the
628:
230:
147:
125:
73:
27:
3906:
3876:
3845:
3815:
3785:
3755:
3721:
3691:
3661:
3632:
3602:
3572:
3542:
3512:
3482:
3451:
3421:
3391:
3360:
3329:
3298:
3268:
3238:
3208:
3174:
3144:
3113:
3083:
3053:
3023:
2993:
2963:
2933:
2903:
2873:
2843:
2809:
2779:
2749:
2715:
2685:
2659:
2634:
2608:
2582:
2552:
2526:
2496:
2466:
2436:
2406:
2376:
2346:
2316:
2285:
2255:
2225:
2195:
2165:
2135:
2105:
2075:
2044:
2014:
1983:
1953:
1923:
1893:
1863:
1832:
1802:
1772:
1742:
1712:
1686:
1660:
433:
1324:(in French). 27 January 2014.
1291:(in French). 22 January 2013.
756:2022–23 parliamentary election
746:2022 constitutional referendum
1:
1201:
879:
873:Tunisian General Labour Union
866:
615:Tunisian General Labour Union
543:Tunisian Constitution of 2022
410:—and under pressure from the
352:Tunisian Constitution of 2014
342:Tunisian Constitution of 2014
330:
2723:"Le mouvement Al Chaâb vote
1877:(in French). 30 March 2022.
1816:(in French). 22 March 2022.
1756:(in French). 18 March 2022.
1449:Yee, Vivian (26 July 2021).
910:Tunisian Human Rights League
593:
426:and established the goal of
412:Tunisian Human Rights League
370:In early 2013, the national
7:
3675:(in French). 11 July 2022.
3616:(in French). 28 June 2022.
3037:(in French). 13 June 2022.
2857:(in French). 14 July 2022.
2817:"Abid Briki: Nous voterons
2566:(in French). Archived from
2089:(in French). 30 June 2022.
1786:(in French). 1 April 2022.
1644:(in French). 26 July 2021.
1522:(in French). 25 July 2021.
1190:International organisations
1111:
988:also called for a boycott.
588:
532:
10:
4373:
4352:Constitutional referendums
3097:(in French). 4 July 2022.
2947:(in French). 24 May 2022.
2028:(in French). 1 July 2022.
1084:Registered voters/turnout
991:
924:
771:2024 presidential election
736:2019 presidential election
670:
536:
437:
339:
4293:
4270:
4189:
4171:
4073:
3998:
3733:et rejette le référendum"
2596:(in French). 25 July 2022
2540:(in French). 25 July 2022
1351:"La Constitution adoptée"
1094:
1011:
1008:
1005:
966:Democratic Modernist Pole
766:2024 State visit to China
666:Political party positions
483:, the dissolution of the
383:, and Head of Government
229:
220:
205:Registered voters/turnout
119:
116:
107:
102:
86:
72:
65:
41:
25:
1126:National Salvation Front
946:National Salvation Front
861:Green Party for Progress
716:Early life and education
691:This article is part of
471:Kais Saied in June 2021.
402:that led to the fall of
321:semi-presidential system
4075:Parliamentary elections
3246:"Référendum: Mouvement"
1056:Invalid or blank votes
539:Constitution of Tunisia
440:2021 Tunisian self-coup
430:in elected assemblies.
298:on 25 July 2022 by the
176:Invalid or blank votes
4357:Referendums in Tunisia
4000:Presidential elections
1159:US Secretary of State
1118:Avenue Habib Bourguiba
978:Social Democratic Path
638:
603:
563:
472:
460:was then formed under
406:-affiliated President
400:military coup in Egypt
367:
3919:Amnesty International
3731:Constitution de Saïed
1196:Amnesty International
938:Free Destourian Party
636:
601:
561:
470:
349:
336:Previous constitution
3729:"Al Qotb dénonce la
1423:. 27 February 2020.
1225:. 13 December 2021.
729:President of Tunisia
568:bicameral parliament
372:Constituent Assembly
3120:LM (16 July 2022).
1165:Tunisian Revolution
1002:
325:presidential system
22:
4172:Regional elections
3852:D (14 July 2022).
3367:D (19 July 2022).
3336:D (15 July 2022).
1491:Al Arabiya English
1455:The New York Times
1145:Democratic Current
1000:
962:Ahmed Najib Chebbi
639:
604:
564:
562:Referendum ballot.
473:
404:Muslim Brotherhood
381:Mustapha Ben Jafar
368:
356:Mustapha Ben Jafar
306:, one year into a
20:
4329:
4328:
1178:chargé d'affaires
1171:In response, the
1107:Critical response
1104:
1103:
954:Dignity Coalition
934:2014 Constitution
857:People's Movement
853:
852:
751:2022 Constitution
708:
707:
651:electoral silence
623:People's Movement
481:COVID-19 outbreak
350:Signature of the
319:turned Tunisia's
292:
291:
257:
256:
216:
215:
56:
55:
4364:
4347:2022 referendums
4272:French elections
3990:
3989:
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3947:Official website
3932:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3910:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3880:
3874:
3873:
3871:
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3849:
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3838:
3819:
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3810:
3808:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3714:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3636:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3425:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3399:"L'Organisation"
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
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3302:
3296:
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3291:
3272:
3266:
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3263:
3261:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3212:
3206:
3205:
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3201:
3178:
3172:
3171:
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3167:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2977:. 23 June 2022.
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2877:
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2868:
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2847:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2813:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2147:JeuneAfrique.com
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1965:JeuneAfrique.com
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1905:JeuneAfrique.com
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1634:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1586:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1483:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1446:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1413:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1347:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1248:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1215:
1143:political party
1135:political party
1100:
1003:
999:
958:Heart of Tunisia
845:
838:
831:
818:
811:
788:(Prime Minister)
704:
703:
701:
694:
686:
679:
678:
675:
674:
549:new constitution
524:
509:
308:political crisis
285:
279:
273:
267:
251:
244:
234:
225:
224:
206:
151:
150:
129:
128:
109:
108:
98:
95:
93:
81:
77:
61:
60:
43:
42:
37:
36:
32:
31:
30:
23:
19:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4342:2022 in Tunisia
4332:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4289:
4266:
4190:Local elections
4185:
4167:
4069:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3925:
3923:
3912:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3888:RadioMosaiqueFM
3882:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3846:
3836:
3834:
3827:RadioMosaiqueFM
3821:
3820:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3797:RadioMosaiqueFM
3791:
3790:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3767:RadioMosaiqueFM
3761:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3737:RadioMosaiqueFM
3727:
3726:
3722:
3712:
3710:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3643:RadioMosaiqueFM
3638:
3637:
3633:
3623:
3621:
3614:African Manager
3608:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3584:RadioMosaiqueFM
3578:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3554:RadioMosaiqueFM
3548:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3524:RadioMosaiqueFM
3518:
3517:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3473:
3471:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3433:RadioMosaiqueFM
3427:
3426:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3403:RadioMosaiqueFM
3397:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3365:
3361:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3318:
3303:
3299:
3289:
3287:
3280:RadioMosaiqueFM
3274:
3273:
3269:
3259:
3257:
3250:RadioMosaiqueFM
3244:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3220:RadioMosaiqueFM
3214:
3213:
3209:
3199:
3197:
3190:RadioMosaiqueFM
3184:Al Chaâb Yourid
3180:
3179:
3175:
3165:
3163:
3156:RadioMosaiqueFM
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3114:
3104:
3102:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3065:RadioMosaiqueFM
3059:
3058:
3054:
3044:
3042:
3029:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3005:RadioMosaiqueFM
2999:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2922:
2915:RadioMosaiqueFM
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2885:RadioMosaiqueFM
2879:
2878:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2825:RadioMosaiqueFM
2815:
2814:
2810:
2800:
2798:
2791:RadioMosaiqueFM
2785:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2761:RadioMosaiqueFM
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2731:RadioMosaiqueFM
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2671:RadioMosaiqueFM
2665:
2664:
2660:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2623:
2620:RadioMosaiqueFM
2614:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2594:African Manager
2588:
2587:
2583:
2573:
2571:
2570:on 26 July 2022
2558:
2557:
2553:
2543:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2517:
2515:
2508:RadioMosaiqueFM
2502:
2501:
2497:
2487:
2485:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2448:RadioMosaiqueFM
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2390:. 6 July 2022.
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2358:RadioMosaiqueFM
2352:
2351:
2347:
2337:
2335:
2328:RadioMosaiqueFM
2322:
2321:
2317:
2307:
2305:
2290:
2286:
2276:
2274:
2267:RadioMosaiqueFM
2261:
2260:
2256:
2246:
2244:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2207:RadioMosaiqueFM
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2184:
2177:RadioMosaiqueFM
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2119:. 1 July 2022.
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1912:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1821:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1778:
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1748:
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1733:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1677:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1636:
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1628:
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