95:
82:
64:
108:
40:
205:
1508:
465:
himself. Besides raping women, killing people and plundering and burning towns suspected of harboring partisans and their supporters, the division used telegraph poles along the railroad tracks for mass hangings as a warning to the partisans and others. Although the behavior of the
Cossacks was not
466:
as ruthless as portrayed by
Partisan propaganda, nevertheless during its first two months of deployment in Croatia, special divisional courts-martial imposed at least 20 death sentences in each of the four regiments for related crimes.
460:
In
Croatia the division quickly established a reputation for undisciplined and ruthless behavior, not only towards the partisans but also the civilian population, prompting Croatian authorities to complain to the Germans and finally to
334:
However, owing to a shortage of officers with the necessary
Russian language skills, the Wehrmacht was forced to relax its policy against accepting émigré officers, and a number of Cossack émigré officers living in
1558:
367:
before the war. A disproportionate number of the German officers were cavalrymen, and
Austrians were over-represented as it was felt that Austrians were more "tactful" in dealing with Slavs than the
1317:
1185:
1553:
305:, which had all existed since 1942. To these, additional new regiments were added. Some other units brought in were the Cossack Reconnaissance Battalion, led by Don Cossack
453:. Due to the Cossack identification with the Serbian cause, the Cossacks concluded an unofficial truce with Tito’s rival, the royalist Serbian resistance leader, General
1203:
1548:
1459:
1128:
1399:
1326:
1312:
1297:
1137:
298:) in the spring-summer of 1943. The Cossacks brought their wives and children with them, forcing the Germans to establish another camp to house the dependents.
1357:
1307:
1302:
1246:
550:
1212:
1389:
1037:
1111:
557:
1120:
1194:
1538:
286:
authorised the formation of the division on 6 April 1943, ordering that all
Cossacks serving in the Wehrmacht to be concentrated into the division.
1563:
301:
The division was formed starting 4 August 1943 by merging the Platow and von
Jungschulz Cossack regiments under the command of the Reiterverband
686:. Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945 (in German). Vol. 1. Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag.
1543:
1413:
1380:
1176:
919:
1252:
1533:
510:
1367:
1362:
647:
1429:
1009:
883:
German Order of Battle Vol. 2 291st - 999th
Infantry Divisions, Named Infantry Divisions, and Special Divisions in World War II
1475:
1231:
965:
944:
909:
890:
422:, a Partisan HQ. In that operation many villages were burned, including a monastery on Fruška Gora, and around 300 innocent
1373:
1085:
1069:
348:
1240:
1077:
1028:
1434:
355:) were recruited into the division. Other officers were the sons of Cossack émigrés who had served in the armies of
1053:
1045:
925:
Verbände und
Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen SS im Zweiten Weltkrieg 1939-1945: Die Landstreitkräfte 1-5
1500:
691:
1454:
1167:
1061:
1511:
1277:
1272:
1147:
388:
272:
241:
1480:
652:
490:
418:
Mountains. In the operation the
Cossacks, aided by 15 tanks and one armored car, captured the village of
265:
233:
159:
100:
521:
in early 1947. The remaining officers and other ranks who survived the labour camps were released after
1002:
426:
villagers were killed. Subsequently, the unit was used to protect the Zagreb-Belgrade railroad and the
489:. Until 30 April 1945, together with the 2nd Cossack Division it became part of the newly formed
454:
410:
The division's first fighting engagement was on 12 October 1943, when it was dispatched against
364:
486:
995:
657:
535:
302:
186:
8:
1408:
360:
431:
309:, the Cossack detachment of 600 led by Ivan Kononov, also a Don Cossack, and a force of
133:
411:
961:
940:
905:
886:
687:
306:
1352:
517:. The German and Cossack leadership were tried, sentenced to death and executed in
469:
The Cossacks' first engagement against the Red Army occurred in December 1944 near
137:
955:
934:
923:
513:. The majority of those who did not manage to escape went to labour camps in the
450:
392:
384:
268:, established in February 1945. At the end of the war, the unit ceased to exist.
257:
221:
141:
27:
442:, where it fought against Yugoslav Partisans and the Soviet Army in 1944-1945.
1343:
1332:
506:
352:
328:
310:
415:
1527:
522:
457:, who regarded Tito and the Ustaše as a more serious enemy than the Germans.
462:
283:
245:
237:
204:
169:
69:
936:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration
430:
Valley. Several regiments of the division took part in security warfare (
356:
470:
39:
509:
troops. They were promised safety by the British but were subsequently
434:) and guarded the Sarajevo railroad. As part of a wide security sweep,
336:
1559:
Military units and formations of Germany in Yugoslavia in World War II
987:
482:
261:
249:
113:
87:
404:
380:
253:
229:
295:
502:
481:
In December 1944 the 1st Cossack Division was transferred to the
439:
396:
368:
344:
271:
It was one of two cossack cavalry divisions, the other being the
123:
518:
419:
400:
340:
315:
501:
At the end of the war Cossacks of the division retreated into
514:
423:
473:. The fighting resulted in Soviet withdrawal from the area.
427:
331:émigrés who possessed the necessary knowledge of Russian.
834:
822:
569:
In 1944 the division was composed of the following units:
810:
786:
446:
774:
764:
762:
734:
732:
730:
717:
715:
983:
Pannwitz Cossacks: Les Cosaques de Pannwitz 1942 - 1945
858:
846:
749:
747:
928:(in German). Vol. 2. Frankfurt am Main: Mittler.
798:
759:
727:
712:
700:
445:
The Cossacks felt closer to this Serbian minority in
1554:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
319:
Nikolai Kulakkov of the Terek host.
939:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
744:
572:
391:, where they were placed under the command of the
1549:Military units and formations established in 1943
1525:
407:. Some units were also used to fight Partisans.
395:and were used to protect the railroad line from
387:, the division was soon deployed to the puppet
260:. In 1944, the division was transferred to the
597:
1003:
628:55th (Kuban) Cossack Horse Artillery Regiment
541:Col. Hans-Joachim von Schultz, Chief of Staff
960:. Aylesbury, Bucks: Andre Deutsch Limited.
374:
1010:
996:
932:
816:
780:
438:, the Cossack division was transferred to
38:
289:
1539:Foreign volunteer units of the Waffen-SS
648:List of German divisions in World War II
476:
294:The division was and trained at Mielau (
1564:Russian collaborators with Nazi Germany
1017:
953:
899:
880:
864:
852:
840:
828:
804:
792:
768:
738:
721:
706:
252:, those who escaped from the advancing
1526:
1265:
918:
902:Cossacks in the German Army, 1941–1945
885:. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
753:
681:
587:3rd (Sswodno) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
1544:Cossack military units and formations
991:
684:Die Waffengattungen - GesamtĂĽbersicht
609:6th (Terek) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
603:4th (Kuban) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
1495:were officially named "volunteer".
619:
584:2nd (Ural) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
349:Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
13:
1534:Cavalry divisions of the Waffen-SS
975:
606:5th (Don) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
581:1st (Don) Cossack Cavalry Regiment
564:
546:Col. von Baath (Feb – ? 1945)
14:
1575:
675:
612:Cossack Horse Artillery Regiment
590:Cossack Horse Artillery Regiment
379:Initially organized to fight the
327:Many of the German officers were
1507:
1506:
954:Bethell, Baron Nicholas (1974).
511:forcibly transferred to the USSR
203:
106:
93:
80:
62:
874:
634:55th Cossack Engineer Battalion
631:1st Cossack Engineer Battalion
322:
226:1. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division
32:1. Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division
1:
1040:Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler
663:
625:55th Reconnaissance Battalion
528:
668:
573:1st Cossack Cavalry Brigade
496:
389:Independent State of Croatia
273:2nd Cossack Cavalry Division
218:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
22:1st Cossack Cavalry Division
7:
900:Newland, Samuel J. (1991).
881:Mitcham, Samuel W. (2007).
653:List of Waffen-SS divisions
641:
598:2nd Cossack Cavalry Brigade
491:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
266:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
160:XV SS Cossack Cavalry Corps
10:
1580:
1501:SS heavy Panzer battalions
1489:
1468:
1443:
1422:
1290:
1224:
1160:
1097:
1026:
933:Tomasevich, Jozo (2001).
278:
197:
192:
180:
175:
165:
155:
147:
129:
119:
75:
57:
49:
37:
26:
21:
375:Anti-Partisan operations
240:. It was created on the
485:and reorganized by the
264:, becoming part of the
248:already serving in the
16:German cavalry division
682:Tessin, Georg (1977).
538:(Sep 1943 – Feb 1945)
290:Formation and training
225:
31:
1476:Divisional commanders
1131:Götz von Berlichingen
904:. London: Routledge.
477:Transfer to Waffen-SS
449:than they did to the
981:François de Lannoy.
658:List of SS personnel
637:1st Signal Battalion
551:Alexander von Boesse
536:Helmuth von Pannwitz
455:Dragoljub Mihailović
187:Helmuth von Pannwitz
1430:4 (Panzergrenadier)
1402:Landstorm Nederland
1353:29 RONA (1 Russian)
831:, pp. 161–162.
795:, pp. 158–160.
505:and surrendered to
487:SS FĂĽhrungshauptamt
236:that served during
44:Divisional insignia
843:, p. 170–177.
412:Yugoslav Partisans
393:Second Panzer Army
1521:
1520:
1448:
1368:30 (1 Belarusian)
1286:
1285:
967:978-0-4650-3813-8
946:978-0-8047-3615-2
911:978-0-7146-8199-3
892:978-0-8117-3437-0
558:Konstantin Wagner
307:Nikolai Nazarenko
211:
210:
1571:
1510:
1509:
1491:Units marked in
1446:
1327:26 (2 Hungarian)
1263:
1262:
1247:33 (3 Hungarian)
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
988:
971:
950:
929:
915:
896:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
757:
751:
742:
736:
725:
719:
710:
704:
698:
697:
679:
620:Divisional units
432:Bandenbekämpfung
232:division of the
207:
138:Maneuver warfare
134:Bandenbekämpfung
112:
110:
109:
99:
97:
96:
86:
84:
83:
68:
66:
65:
42:
19:
18:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1516:
1485:
1464:
1445:
1439:
1418:
1414:38 "Nibelungen"
1313:20 (1 Estonian)
1298:14 (1 Galician)
1282:
1261:
1220:
1156:
1123:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
1101:
1093:
1022:
1016:
978:
976:Further reading
968:
957:The Last Secret
947:
912:
893:
877:
872:
871:
863:
859:
851:
847:
839:
835:
827:
823:
817:Tomasevich 2001
815:
811:
807:, pp. 153.
803:
799:
791:
787:
781:Tomasevich 2001
779:
775:
767:
760:
752:
745:
737:
728:
720:
713:
705:
701:
694:
680:
676:
671:
666:
644:
622:
600:
578:
567:
565:Order of battle
531:
525:death in 1953.
499:
479:
451:Croatian people
385:southern Russia
377:
325:
292:
281:
214:
199:
182:
140:
136:
107:
105:
94:
92:
81:
79:
63:
61:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1577:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1503:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1435:35 (Grenadier)
1432:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1396:
1387:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1363:30 (2 Russian)
1360:
1358:29 (1 Italian)
1355:
1350:
1340:
1329:
1324:
1315:
1310:
1308:19 (2 Latvian)
1305:
1303:15 (1 Latvian)
1300:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1144:
1134:
1126:
1118:
1107:
1105:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1083:
1075:
1067:
1059:
1051:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1007:
1000:
992:
986:
985:
977:
974:
973:
972:
966:
951:
945:
930:
916:
910:
897:
891:
876:
873:
870:
869:
867:, p. 350.
857:
855:, p. 176.
845:
833:
821:
819:, p. 306.
809:
797:
785:
783:, p. 305.
773:
771:, p. 118.
758:
743:
741:, p. 115.
726:
724:, p. 114.
711:
709:, p. 113.
699:
692:
673:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
655:
650:
643:
640:
639:
638:
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629:
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621:
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604:
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585:
582:
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571:
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562:
561:
554:
547:
544:
543:
542:
530:
527:
498:
495:
478:
475:
376:
373:
324:
321:
311:Terek Cossacks
291:
288:
280:
277:
212:
209:
208:
201:
198:Identification
195:
194:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
104:
103:
77:
73:
72:
59:
55:
54:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1576:
1565:
1562:
1560:
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1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
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1540:
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1513:
1505:
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1502:
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1471:
1467:
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1407:
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1404:
1403:
1397:
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1375:
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1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1322:(1 Hungarian)
1321:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1289:
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1258:
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1243:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1234:Florian Geyer
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1191:
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1132:
1127:
1125:
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1096:
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1089:
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1073:
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1060:
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1042:
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1033:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
993:
990:
984:
980:
979:
969:
963:
959:
958:
952:
948:
942:
938:
937:
931:
927:
926:
921:
920:Tessin, Georg
917:
913:
907:
903:
898:
894:
888:
884:
879:
878:
866:
861:
854:
849:
842:
837:
830:
825:
818:
813:
806:
801:
794:
789:
782:
777:
770:
765:
763:
756:, p. 37.
755:
750:
748:
740:
735:
733:
731:
723:
718:
716:
708:
703:
695:
689:
685:
678:
674:
659:
656:
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636:
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623:
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608:
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602:
601:
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586:
583:
580:
579:
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570:
559:
555:
552:
548:
545:
540:
539:
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533:
532:
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524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
494:
492:
488:
484:
474:
472:
467:
464:
458:
456:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
332:
330:
329:Baltic German
320:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
287:
285:
276:
274:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
242:Eastern Front
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
213:Military unit
206:
202:
196:
191:
188:
185:
179:
174:
171:
168:
164:
161:
158:
154:
151:25,000 troops
150:
146:
143:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
102:
91:
90:
89:
78:
74:
71:
60:
56:
52:
48:
41:
36:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1496:
1492:
1401:
1398:
1391:
1382:
1379:
1372:
1345:
1342:
1334:
1331:
1319:
1254:
1251:
1239:
1233:
1214:
1208:(2 Croatian)
1205:
1199:(1 Albanian)
1196:
1190:(1 Croatian)
1187:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1149:
1146:
1140:Horst Wessel
1139:
1136:
1130:
1122:
1113:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1088:Hitlerjugend
1087:
1079:
1072:Hohenstaufen
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1027:
1018:
982:
956:
935:
924:
901:
882:
875:Bibliography
865:Mitcham 2007
860:
853:Newland 1991
848:
841:Newland 1991
836:
829:Newland 1991
824:
812:
805:Newland 1991
800:
793:Newland 1991
788:
776:
769:Newland 1991
739:Newland 1991
722:Newland 1991
707:Newland 1991
702:
683:
677:
613:
591:
574:
568:
500:
480:
468:
463:Adolf Hitler
459:
444:
435:
409:
378:
333:
326:
314:
300:
293:
284:Adolf Hitler
282:
270:
246:Don Cossacks
244:mostly with
238:World War II
217:
215:
170:World War II
156:Part of
70:Nazi Germany
1392:Charlemagne
1337:(1 Flemish)
1179:Prinz Eugen
754:Tessin 1966
416:Fruška Gora
323:Composition
256:and Soviet
234:German Army
166:Engagements
101:German Army
1528:Categories
1394:(1 French)
1335:Langemarck
1215:Karstjäger
1197:Skanderbeg
1080:Frundsberg
693:3764810971
664:References
529:Commanders
436:Napfkuchen
361:Yugoslavia
337:Yugoslavia
183:commanders
176:Commanders
1481:Divisions
1444:Deception
1383:30 Januar
1346:Wallonien
1188:Handschar
1150:Nederland
1103:grenadier
1056:Totenkopf
1048:Das Reich
1021:divisions
1019:Waffen-SS
669:Footnotes
534:Lt. Gen.
497:Aftermath
483:Waffen-SS
369:Prussians
262:Waffen SS
250:Wehrmacht
114:Waffen-SS
88:Wehrmacht
1512:Category
1497:See also
1447:"Panzer"
1291:Infantry
1161:Mountain
1114:Nordland
922:(1966).
642:See also
523:Stalin's
471:PitomaÄŤa
405:Belgrade
399:through
381:Red Army
365:Bulgaria
351:(modern
347:and the
303:Pannwitz
254:Red Army
228:) was a
193:Insignia
1320:Hunyadi
1266:Cossack
1225:Cavalry
1099:Panzer-
507:British
503:Austria
440:Croatia
424:Serbian
414:in the
397:Austria
353:Czechia
345:Germany
313:led by
230:Cossack
181:Notable
142:Raiding
124:Cavalry
58:Country
53:1943–45
1423:Police
1255:LĂĽtzow
1064:Wiking
1029:Panzer
964:
943:
908:
889:
690:
560:(1945)
553:(1945)
519:Moscow
420:Beocin
401:Zagreb
357:France
341:France
316:ataman
279:Origin
222:German
200:symbol
111:
98:
85:
76:Branch
67:
50:Active
28:German
1469:Lists
614:Kuban
556:Col.
549:Col.
515:Gulag
296:MĹ‚awa
1493:bold
1206:Kama
1170:Nord
962:ISBN
941:ISBN
906:ISBN
887:ISBN
688:ISBN
428:Sava
363:and
258:POWs
216:The
148:Size
130:Role
120:Type
1400:34
1390:33
1381:32
1344:28
1333:27
1318:25
1253:37
1213:24
1204:23
1195:21
1186:13
1148:23
1138:18
1129:17
1121:16
1112:11
1086:12
1078:10
592:Don
575:Don
447:NDH
403:to
383:in
1530::
1499::
1460:27
1455:26
1409:36
1374:31
1241:22
1232:8
1177:7
1168:6
1070:9
1062:5
1054:3
1046:2
1038:1
761:^
746:^
729:^
714:^
493:.
371:.
359:,
343:,
339:,
275:.
224::
30::
1278:2
1273:1
1011:e
1004:t
997:v
970:.
949:.
914:.
895:.
696:.
220:(
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