2266:
2150:
2094:
859:, commander in chief of the Austrian troops in Transylvania to disarm the armed peasants and guarantee the safety of the imperial committee during their investigation. However, the peasants resisted and the resulting armed clash killed 12 Romanian peasants and 1 Hungarian soldier. Other sources put the number of Romanian peasants shot dead at 14, with 50 other wounded, many of whom subsequently died. This was the first Transylvanian armed conflict in 1848.
936:. A total of nine Romanian priests from 6 villages were found guilty for having read out this message in front of the villagers, and were charged with public incitement and executed. After entering Balázsfalva on 18 January 1849, Hungarian troops looted the town and reportedly committed plundering against the local Romanian population but a massacre did not take place. 6 people from Butyin (now
95:
778:
Soon after the war, in 1850, the
Habsburg court conducted a census of the victims. However, the authenticity of this census has been questioned and heavily criticized over time, as the authorities only conducted the census in Romanian and Saxon-populated areas and ignored even mentioning some of the
558:
After the imperial victory of Hídvég over the Székelys from the Háromszék county, the
Austrians sent the Romanian and Saxon insurgents, who were supporting them in the battle, to pillage the village. The insurgents burned down the village, killing 51 people, among them even a retired k.u.k. officer,
1127:
Egyed Ákos: Erdély 1848–1849 (Transylvania in 1848–1849). Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Csíkszereda 2010. p. 517 (Hungarian)"Végeredményben úgy látjuk, hogy a háborúskodások során és a polgárháborúban Erdély polgári népességéből körülbelül 14 000–15 000 személy pusztulhatott el; nemzetiségük szerint:
875:
and were interpreted as a radical
Hungarian assault against Romanian civilians, despite the fact that at the time of the conflict, the Székely frontier guards were still directly subordinate to the imperial court and to Anton von Puchner, commander in chief of the Transylvanian Austrian troops. The
1613:"În toamna anului 1848 prima ciocnire violentă în care au căzut împreună țărani români și maghiari a avut loc în comitatul Turda, la Luna Arieșului, când comitele Thorotzkai Miklós a dat ordin să se tragă în mulțimea care se opunea recrutărilor. La 12 septembrie 1848 cad 30 de oameni" Gelu Neamțu.
870:
peasants. In doing so, Anton von
Puchner played a major role in the exacerbation of political-ethnic differences in the region and in the further radicalization of both Romanian and Hungarian peasants in Transylvania. As the power of Austrians weakened due to the initial successes of the Austrian,
106:
During the fight of
Zalatna in October 1848, about 640 citizens of the town were killed including teachers, priests, doctors, and merchants. Thirteen thousand gold and twenty thousand silver coins were robbed from the town's treasury. The massacre was incited and led by local Romanian lawyer Petru
876:
event, followed by the pro-imperial propaganda further boosted unrest and hostility in the region, and largely contributed to the mass-armament of
Transylvanian Romanians and to the organization of the second national assembly in the town of Balászfalva in September 1848.
762:
where the number of massacred locals (predominantly
Hungarians) is unknown. Furthermore, these numbers might not include those who did not perish in the massacres per se but during their imprisonment, fleeing, disappearance, or forced resettlement to
1576:
History
Institute „George Bariţiu", Cluj-Napoca. "10 septembrie 1848, Nădab – conflictul dintre câteva mii de români, înarmaţi cu coase, refuzând recrutarea în armata ungară, şi unităţile militare din Arad, ce omoară şi ucid mai mulţi
916:), the count of Torda, Miklós Thorotzkai, gave the order to fire into the crowd that opposed recruitment into the Hungarian army, killing 30 people and wounding several tens. On 18 October 1848 one Romanian peasant in Almás (now
1790:
1489:
1752:
1619:
1085:
in
Transylvania, exclusive of the ones who died in open fighting. 4,425 of the victims appear to have been Romanians, 165 Hungarians, 252 Saxons and 72 Jews, Gypsies and others.
786:
was caught together with her husband and her son, being all killed by the
Romanian insurgents, and thrown in front of pigs to be eaten. Africa's first female researcher,
1569:
1370:
758:
This table contains only the recorded victims, however, the exact number of deceased civilians is hard to determine. There are several dozens of villages all over
75:) (8–9 January 1849). During the event, Romanians massacred around 600–1,000 people in the town. Additionally, the troops of Transylvanian Romanians organized by
1598:
782:
Among the victims of the Romanian massacres, important Hungarian personalities or their relatives were to be found. Mária, the sister of the Hungarian dramatist
1595:
Dumitru Suciu, Soldați fără uniformă ai Landsturmului românesc și starea protopopiatelor ortodoxe din Transilvania după Războiul Național din 1848–1849 p. 11-12
1895:
871:
Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Hungarian revolutionaries throughout the Habsburg Empire, the events in Mihálcfalva were published in the pro-imperial newspaper
2305:
856:
2234:
2229:
618:
2355:
1261:
Verzeichniss der, während der jüngsten Revolution im Kronlande Siebenbürgen auf verschiedene Weise gefallenes Menschenopfer. Wien, 1851, 24–25. o.
855:) gathered against them and refused their entry to the village. On the next day, 2 June 1848, an official regiment was sent from Gyulafehérvár by
1857:
2316:
843:) and sent out to Mihálcfalva to investigate the illegalities that took place in May. However, thousands of armed peasants from Obrázsa (now
827:, as well as by the declarations of the Romanian national assemblies on 30 April and 15 May in the Transylvanian town of Balázsfalva (now
1614:
1299:
1190:
1888:
1492:[The massacres of the Revolution of 1848 in Transylvania. How thousands of innocent Romanians and Hungarians were killed].
2128:
790:'s (her original, Hungarian, name was Flóra Sass) parents and brothers and sisters were killed by the Romanian militia, led by
1657:
1520:
2345:
2072:
1923:
1881:
1725:
2138:
888:
into the Hungarian army were killed after the attack of a 200-man force. On 10 September 1848 Hungarian military units from
2082:
1564:
1367:
586:
On 23 December 1848 a huge Romanian insurgent force arrived, burned, and pillaged the localities, killing 55 Hungarian
1993:
1594:
1841:
1740:
1998:
1988:
1428:
Szilágyi Farkas: Alsó Fehér vármegye 1848-49-ben. In. Alsó Fehér vármegye monmográfiája III. 1. rész, Nagyenyed 1898
1390:
2360:
862:
An important strategic step of Anton von Puchner in the days leading up to the clash was his specific choice for a
1437:
Egyed Ákos: Erdély 1848–1849 (Transylvania in 1848–1849). Pallas Akadémia Könyvkiadó, Csíkszereda 2010. p. 507-509
2400:
2395:
2365:
1128:
mintegy 7500–8500 magyar, 4400–6000 román, s körülbelül 500 lehetett a szász, zsidó, örmény lakosság vesztesége."
2189:
772:
2385:
2380:
1904:
1109:
1104:
933:
812:
24:
1639:
884:
In the autumn of 1848, dozens of Romanians from a village in Northern Transylvania who opposed the forced
779:
largest massacres against Hungarian civilians in Transylvania, such as Nagyenyed, Abrudbánya, or Zalatna.
1635:
1490:"Masacrele Revoluției de la 1848 în Transilvania. Cum au fost uciși mii de români și maghiari nevinovați"
1472:
1459:
2390:
2350:
2340:
2335:
1658:""Köztünk és köztetek a fegyverek sohasem dönthetnek". Magyar-román összeütközés Erdélyben 1848-49-ben"
2108:
1189:
Róbert Hermann, Gábor Bona: 1848–1849 a szabadságharc és forradalom története Videopont, 1996 p. 188
107:
Dobra. Thirty Hungarians were killed in Boklya. About 200 Hungarians were killed in Gerendkeresztúr (
1819:
1781:
1690:
726:
Mass torture and rape. Victims were mostly local miners and town officers and their whole families.
2375:
2370:
2224:
2005:
1094:
675:
By the order of the Romanian Greek Catholic priest, the entire Hungarian population was wiped out
2118:
1099:
2275:
2077:
63:
On 18 October 1848, Romanians attacked and murdered inhabitants of the village of Kisenyed (now
2103:
983:
900:
who refused recruitment into the Hungarian Army, while other were imprisoned in Nagyvárad (now
713:
689:
662:
604:
477:
The entire Hungarian population of the village, except for the Hungarian priest was massacred.
464:
433:
406:
379:
352:
243:
216:
188:
1273:
Domokos Pál Péter: Rendületlenül, Eötvös Kiadó-Szent Gellért Egyházi Kiadó, 1989, 33.-34. old.
948:) were killed for opposing the plundering in the region, committed by the Hungarian military.
123:
Massacres with recorded, mostly civilian, Hungarian victims occurred in the following places:
2249:
1806:
1768:
1677:
545:
2030:
2020:
2265:
2010:
1058:
1008:
44:
1980:
852:
71:). Another important event of the 1848–1849 conflict was the massacre at Nagyenyed (today
8:
2035:
1970:
924:
distributed copies of the "emperor's message" among village priests in the region of the
2174:
2025:
1965:
1830:
Chronicle of Cruelties - Romanian Mistreatment of The Hungarian Minority In Transylvania
996:
Armed clash with the Hungarian-speaking Habsburg imperial regiment of Anton von Puchner
2300:
2184:
2149:
2123:
2113:
1928:
1851:
1082:
893:
820:
80:
2169:
2159:
1368:
Háromszék 1848-ban, önvédelmi harca november 12. - 1849. január 5. között (kronológia)
303:
2285:
2219:
2194:
1837:
1747:
Gracza, György: Az 1848–1849-iki magyar szabadságharc története. vol 1–5 Bp. Lampel.
1721:
1523:, coord. Anton Drăgoescu, Fundaţia "George Bariţiu", Cluj-Napoca, 1997 – Chapter VIII
929:
925:
791:
447:
2254:
1661:
2204:
1975:
1081:) 4,425 men, 340 women and 69 children were killed without trial by the Hungarian
839:
family. On 1 June 1848, an imperial committee was appointed in Gyulafehérvár (now
573:
2239:
2056:
2015:
1918:
1715:
1623:
1573:
1374:
798:) during the massacre of the Hungarian population of the town at 8 January 1849.
2209:
2093:
446:
All the Hungarian civilians fled from the town but were raided near the village
88:
2290:
2280:
1933:
1873:
1447:
1078:
787:
578:
2244:
783:
2329:
2214:
2199:
905:
889:
740:
411:
325:
161:
64:
1791:"Etnikai konfliktusok és atrocitások a magyar-román polgárháborúban 1848–49"
357:
112:
27:. According to Hungarian historian Ákos Egyed, 14,000 to 15,000 people were
2295:
2179:
2133:
1828:
1700:
History derailed: Central and Eastern Europe in the long nineteenth century
1033:
885:
759:
635:
587:
523:
518:
491:
298:
270:
32:
2164:
836:
1404:
Nagy-Enyednek és vidékének veszedelme 1848-49-ben : történeti vázlat
921:
764:
76:
1641:
A History of the Roumanians: From Roman Times to the Completion of Unity
1494:
1212:
Gracza, "Az 1848-49-iki magyar szabadságharcz története" volume II p.422
1203:
Gracza, "Az 1848-49-iki magyar szabadságharcz története" volume II p.424
863:
384:
1949:
1037:
913:
840:
640:
248:
36:
1121:
1077:
According to the official lists (that were published in the newspaper
920:) was executed for refusing to join the Hungarian army. Additionally,
276:
108:
1616:
Maghiari Alături De Revoluţia Română De La 1848–1849 Din Transilvania
941:
867:
824:
48:
40:
1146:
The British Quarterly review, February and May, 1851 VOL.XIII, p. 27
1071:
Civilians massacred for opposing the plundering of Hungarian troops
987:
832:
550:
221:
1297:
Memories of Dr Ignatz Reinbold Chamber Doctor of the Town of Zlatna
951:
28:
1178:
1012:
945:
917:
768:
745:
338:
Civilians massacred on the order of the Romanian Orthodox priest.
330:
1737:
Modern Hungarian society in the making: the unfinished experience
816:
166:
1179:
Fejőszék Százhatvan éve irtották ki Nagyenyedet a román felkelők
912:. On 12 September 1848, in the village Aranyoslóna (now part of
1062:
937:
909:
901:
897:
848:
844:
496:
438:
99:
84:
718:
694:
667:
531:
The whole village was destroyed and most civilians massacred
469:
194:
68:
831:), villagers in the southern Transylvanian Mihálcfalva (now
94:
83:, fought the organized Hungarian forces from Zalatna (today
1341:
Mátyás Vilmos: Utazások Erdélyben, Panoráma, 1977, 56. old.
1317:
History and Current State of Romanian Irredentist Movements
896:) after a conflict with several thousand locals armed with
828:
795:
609:
72:
52:
450:
and were all massacred. The town was completely destroyed
1717:
Nationalism and the Crowd in Liberal Hungary, 1848–1914
835:) illegally occupied a parcel of land belonging to the
806:
118:
1535:
Az 1848-49. évi forradalom és szabadságharc története
1734:
1526:
1417:
History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence
1352:
History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence
1250:
History of the 1848-49 Hungarian War of Independence
1046:
Fire in the crowd that refused military recruitment
35:in this period. The victims comprised 7,500–8,500
811:Encouraged by the enlightened declarations of the
617:Mostly civilians. The whole city with the ancient
1393:Honismeret, 1999 (27. évfolyam) 3. sz., pp. 24-26
1377:Acta2006. Határvidék 1762–1918 (2. rész), pp. 237
621:was burned and destroyed. Mass rape and torture.
2327:
1903:
952:Timeline of massacres of Romanians by Hungarians
866:Hungarian regiment to be sent against the armed
392:All locals except for one family were massacred
1475:, Belvedere Meridionale 2010/XXII. 1–2., p. 55.
928:. The command called all minorities across the
111:) and some 90 beaten to death near Marosújvár (
1867:History of the war in Hungary in 1848 and 1849
1753:"Etnikai polgárháború Erdélyben 1848-1849-ben"
1626:. "George Bariț" History Institute Cluj-Napoca
67:), located near Nagyszeben (Hermannstadt, now
1889:
1330:History of the War of Independence of Hungary
256:Mass torture, arson, and civilians massacred
1515:
1513:
1199:
1197:
1462:, A Nógrád Megyei Levéltár történeti blogja
1156:
1154:
1152:
1896:
1882:
1856:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1483:
1481:
1391:A hétfalusi csángók 1848-49-es emlékhelyei
1385:
1383:
1269:
1267:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
58:
1864:
1609:
1607:
1510:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1194:
892:killed 3 Romanians in Nadab (now part of
801:
1713:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1362:
1360:
1149:
1140:
1131:
98:Monument to the victims of the Zalatna (
93:
1826:
1735:Gerő, András; Patterson, James (1995).
1487:
1478:
1380:
1322:
1295:(Hungarian, German)Dr Ignatz Reinbold,
1264:
2328:
2129:Prince Franz de Paula of Liechtenstein
1697:
1604:
1532:
1419:, Budapest, 1894, Volume III, pp. 433.
1335:
1304:
1215:
1206:
2073:Hungarian Declaration of Independence
1877:
1580:
1550:
1357:
1354:, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 420.
1332:, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 405.
1319:, Budapest, 1896, Volume II, pp. 682.
1286:, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 385.
1276:
1252:, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 424.
1183:
1163:
879:
2356:History of Transylvania (1848–1867)
2083:Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867
2052:1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania
1788:
1750:
1655:
807:Beginning: the clash in Mihálcfalva
119:Timeline of massacres of Hungarians
21:1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania
13:
2139:Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz
1172:
14:
2412:
1741:Central European University Press
1702:. University of California Press.
1448:/ Madách Imre élete és költészete
1021:Killed for opposing conscription
2264:
2148:
2092:
1710:. Eötvös Kiadó, 1989 (Hungarian)
1460:/ Madách Imre a szabadságharcban
944:), and 1 person from Barza (now
1869:. London: J. W. Parker and son.
1720:. Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
1629:
1541:
1488:Țimonea, Dorin (8 April 2016).
1465:
1453:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1409:
1396:
1344:
1289:
1255:
55:, and members of other groups.
2301:Nikolai Fyodorovich Engelhardt
1660:(in Hungarian). Archived from
1521:Istoria României. Transilvania
1473:/ Magyarok a fekete földrészen
1160:Gerő, Patterson (1995), p. 102
940:), 1 person from Keszend (now
851:), and Alsókarácsonfalva (now
1:
2306:Maksim Maksimovich Grotenhelm
2286:Grigory Yakovlevich Skariatin
1649:
1137:Wenkstern (1859), pp. 156–159
365:Civilians living in the town
2346:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
2296:Grigory Khristoforovich Zass
1924:Hungarian Revolutionary Army
1905:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
1110:List of massacres in Romania
1105:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
932:to get armed and resist the
815:about the liberation of all
25:Hungarian Revolution of 1848
7:
1698:Berend, Tibor Iván (2003).
1636:Robert William Seton-Watson
1566:Cronologia anilor 1848/1849
1088:
10:
2417:
2291:Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich
2281:Fyodor Sergeevich Panyutin
1406:, Pest, 1863, pp. 347-348.
79:, who were supporting the
2314:
2263:
2147:
2109:Franz Joseph I of Austria
2091:
2065:
2044:
1958:
1942:
1911:
1622:24 September 2015 at the
1572:24 September 2015 at the
261:Gerendkeresztúr massacre
16:Massacres in Transylvania
1865:Wenkstern, Otto (1859).
1714:Freifeld, Alice (2000).
1597:. Accessed 2013-06-28.
1450:, Athenaeum 1900, p. 75.
1115:
1095:Anti-Hungarian sentiment
289:Székelykocsárd massacre
2361:Massacres of Hungarians
2119:Julius Jacob von Haynau
1827:Kosztin, Árpád (1998).
1389:Veres Emese Gyöngyvér:
1284:The War of Independence
1100:Anti-Romanian sentiment
813:revolutionaries of Pest
234:Gyulafehérvár massacre
59:Massacres of Hungarians
2401:1849 murders in Europe
2396:1848 murders in Europe
2366:Massacres of Romanians
2104:Ferdinand I of Austria
1814:Cite journal requires
1776:Cite journal requires
1685:Cite journal requires
1301:Accessed: 18 June 2020
802:Massacres of Romanians
653:Borosbenedek massacre
559:who was living there.
179:Borosbocsárd massacre
103:
23:were committed in the
1169:Berend (2003), p. 112
1026:Aranyoslóna massacre
976:Mihálcfalva conflict
873:Der Siebenbürger Bote
847:), Oláhcsesztve (now
823:and the abolition of
229:Local noble families
97:
2276:Alexander von Lüders
2078:Surrender at Világos
1706:Domokos, Pál Péter:
934:Hungarian Revolution
704:Abrudbánya massacre
455:Magyarigen massacre
370:Mikeszásza massacre
343:Marosújvár massacre
45:Transylvanian Saxons
2386:Mass murder in 1848
2381:Mass murder in 1849
2153:Leaders for Hungary
2097:Leaders for Austria
1985:Battles of Komárom
595:Nagyenyed massacre
427:22–24 October 1848
2269:Leaders for Russia
2185:Arisztid Dessewffy
2114:Eduard Clam-Gallas
1929:Kingdom of Hungary
1533:Hermann R. (ed.).
1446:Palágyi Menyhért,
1373:2023-04-29 at the
1083:military tribunals
1029:12 September 1848
1004:10 September 1848
794:in Nagyenyed (now
775:by the Romanians.
707:9 and 17 May 1849
626:Alsójára massacre
598:8–17 January 1849
397:Kisenyed massacre
104:
87:) and Körösbánya (
81:Emperor of Austria
2391:Massacres in 1849
2351:Massacres in 1848
2341:Conflicts in 1849
2336:Conflicts in 1848
2323:
2322:
1789:Hermann, Róbert.
1751:Hermann, Róbert.
1727:978-0-8018-6462-9
1537:. pp. 79–81.
1075:
1074:
984:Alsó-Fehér County
968:Romanian victims
930:Hungarian Kingdom
926:Apuseni Mountains
880:Further incidents
857:Anton von Puchner
853:Crăciunelu de Jos
792:Ioan Axente Sever
756:
755:
731:Bucsesd massacre
714:Alsó-Fehér County
690:Alsó-Fehér County
663:Alsó-Fehér County
605:Alsó-Fehér County
567:23 December 1848
564:Hétfalu massacre
512:13 November 1848
509:Felvinc massacre
504:Mostly civilians
465:Alsó-Fehér County
448:Presaca Ampoiului
434:Alsó-Fehér County
424:Zalatna massacre
407:Alsó-Fehér County
380:Alsó-Fehér County
353:Alsó-Fehér County
316:Hátszeg massacre
244:Alsó-Fehér County
217:Alsó-Fehér County
202:Mostly civilians
189:Alsó-Fehér County
174:Mostly civilians
152:Algyógy massacre
2408:
2268:
2255:Bertalan Szemere
2250:István Széchenyi
2235:Alessandro Monti
2175:Henryk Dembiński
2152:
2096:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1855:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1744:
1731:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1664:on 16 April 2017
1656:Ábrahám, Barna.
1644:
1633:
1627:
1611:
1602:
1591:
1578:
1561:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1524:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1485:
1476:
1471:Komáromi Csaba,
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1378:
1364:
1355:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1328:Horváth Mihály,
1326:
1320:
1315:Jancsó Benedek,
1313:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1280:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1158:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1051:Butyin massacre
956:
955:
629:15 January 1849
546:Háromszék County
539:9 December 1848
485:30 October 1848
482:Boklya massacre
458:29 October 1848
400:14 October 1848
126:
125:
43:, and about 500
2416:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2405:
2376:1849 in Romania
2371:1848 in Romania
2326:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2310:
2259:
2240:Ferenc Ottinger
2170:János Damjanich
2160:Lajos Batthyány
2143:
2087:
2061:
2057:Vienna Uprising
2040:
1954:
1938:
1919:Austrian Empire
1907:
1902:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1833:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1796:
1794:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1728:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1665:
1652:
1647:
1634:
1630:
1624:Wayback Machine
1612:
1605:
1592:
1581:
1574:Wayback Machine
1562:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1531:
1527:
1518:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1486:
1479:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1415:Gracza György,
1414:
1410:
1401:
1397:
1388:
1381:
1375:Wayback Machine
1366:Demeter Lajos:
1365:
1358:
1350:Gracza György,
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1248:Gracza György,
1247:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1150:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1091:
1001:Nadab massacre
954:
882:
809:
804:
619:Bethlen College
536:Köpec massacre
304:Lunca Mureșului
267:Gerendkeresztúr
121:
61:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2414:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2225:Lázár Mészáros
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1934:Russian Empire
1931:
1926:
1921:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1901:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1862:
1842:
1824:
1816:|journal=
1793:(in Hungarian)
1786:
1778:|journal=
1755:(in Hungarian)
1748:
1745:
1732:
1726:
1711:
1704:
1695:
1687:|journal=
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:
1628:
1603:
1579:
1549:
1540:
1525:
1509:
1477:
1464:
1452:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1408:
1402:Kemény Gábor,
1395:
1379:
1356:
1343:
1334:
1321:
1303:
1288:
1275:
1263:
1254:
1214:
1205:
1193:
1182:
1171:
1162:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1087:
1079:Wiener Zeitung
1073:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1055:
1054:6 August 1849
1052:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1005:
1002:
998:
997:
994:
991:
980:
977:
973:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
953:
950:
881:
878:
808:
805:
803:
800:
788:Florence Baker
754:
753:
751:
748:
743:
738:
735:
732:
728:
727:
724:
721:
716:
711:
708:
705:
701:
700:
697:
692:
687:
684:
681:
680:Hari massacre
677:
676:
673:
670:
665:
660:
657:
654:
650:
649:
646:
643:
638:
633:
630:
627:
623:
622:
615:
612:
607:
602:
599:
596:
592:
591:
584:
581:
579:Seven Villages
576:
571:
568:
565:
561:
560:
556:
553:
548:
543:
540:
537:
533:
532:
529:
526:
521:
516:
513:
510:
506:
505:
502:
499:
494:
489:
486:
483:
479:
478:
475:
472:
467:
462:
459:
456:
452:
451:
444:
441:
436:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
417:
414:
409:
404:
401:
398:
394:
393:
390:
387:
382:
377:
374:
371:
367:
366:
363:
360:
355:
350:
347:
344:
340:
339:
336:
333:
328:
323:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:
306:
301:
296:
295:Székelykocsárd
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
279:
273:
268:
265:
262:
258:
257:
254:
251:
246:
241:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
224:
219:
214:
211:
208:
207:Diód massacre
204:
203:
200:
197:
191:
186:
183:
180:
176:
175:
172:
169:
164:
159:
156:
153:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
120:
117:
60:
57:
39:, 4,400–6,000
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2413:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2318:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Lajos Kossuth
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2205:György Klapka
2203:
2201:
2200:Richard Guyon
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:András Gáspár
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Josip Jelačić
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1994:Second battle
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:Major battles
1957:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1845:
1843:963-8363-72-X
1839:
1832:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1808:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1770:
1754:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1708:Rendületlenül
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1679:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1608:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1547:Freifeld p.73
1544:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1498:(in Romanian)
1497:
1496:
1491:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1468:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1361:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1143:
1134:
1124:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:Aranyoslóna,
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
989:
985:
982:Mihálcfalva,
981:
978:
975:
974:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
894:Chișineu-Criș
891:
887:
877:
874:
869:
865:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
780:
776:
774:
770:
766:
761:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
741:Hunyad County
739:
736:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
702:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
685:
683:January 1849
682:
679:
678:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
658:
656:January 1849
655:
652:
651:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
624:
620:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
590:inhabitants.
589:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Brassó County
572:
569:
566:
563:
562:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
534:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
507:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
453:
449:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
429:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
375:
373:October 1848
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
348:
346:October 1848
345:
342:
341:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
326:Hunyad County
324:
321:
319:October 1848
318:
315:
314:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
294:
292:October 1848
291:
288:
287:
283:
280:
278:
274:
272:
269:
266:
264:October 1848
263:
260:
259:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:Gyulafehérvár
239:
237:October 1848
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
212:
210:October 1848
209:
206:
205:
201:
198:
196:
192:
190:
187:
184:
182:October 1848
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
162:Hunyad County
160:
157:
155:October 1848
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
140:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
116:
114:
110:
101:
96:
92:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
2220:Vilmos Lázár
2210:György Kmety
2195:Artúr Görgey
2180:Antal Vetter
2134:Franz Schlik
2051:
2045:Other events
1999:Third battle
1989:First battle
1912:Belligerents
1866:
1836:. Budapest.
1829:
1807:cite journal
1795:. Retrieved
1769:cite journal
1757:. Retrieved
1736:
1716:
1707:
1699:
1678:cite journal
1666:. Retrieved
1662:the original
1640:
1631:
1615:
1565:
1543:
1534:
1528:
1500:. Retrieved
1493:
1467:
1455:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1416:
1411:
1403:
1398:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1316:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1282:Jakab Elek,
1278:
1257:
1249:
1208:
1185:
1174:
1165:
1142:
1133:
1123:
1076:
1034:Torda County
979:2 June 1848
886:conscription
883:
872:
861:
810:
781:
777:
760:Transylvania
757:
723:1,100–1,200
659:Borosbenedek
636:Torda County
519:Aranyos Seat
492:Bihar County
299:Aranyos Seat
271:Torda County
185:Borosbocsárd
122:
105:
89:Baia de Criș
62:
33:Transylvania
20:
18:
2245:Mór Perczel
1601:2013-06-30.
1593:(Romanian)
1577:răsculaţi."
1563:Ela Cosma.
1519:(Romanian)
1059:Arad County
1009:Arad County
922:Avram Iancu
784:Imre Madách
734:9 May 1849
102:) massacre.
77:Avram Iancu
2330:Categories
2230:János Móga
1950:April Laws
1650:References
841:Alba Iulia
773:Monorfalva
710:Abrudbánya
648:Civilians
614:600–1,000
461:Magyarigen
419:Civilians
376:Mikeszásza
358:Ocna Mureș
349:Marosújvár
311:Civilians
284:Civilians
249:Alba Iulia
141:Now named
113:Ocna Mureș
37:Hungarians
2165:Józef Bem
2066:Influence
2036:Kishegyes
1971:Schwechat
1852:cite book
993:12 or 14
965:Location
959:Massacre
942:Chisindia
837:Esterházy
825:feudalism
601:Nagyenyed
129:Massacre
49:Armenians
41:Romanians
29:massacred
2031:Temesvár
2021:Segesvár
1797:16 April
1759:16 April
1668:16 April
1620:Archived
1599:Archived
1570:Archived
1495:Adevărul
1371:Archived
1089:See also
1057:Butyin,
868:Romanian
632:Alsójára
416:140–175
412:Sângătin
403:Kisenyed
385:Micăsasa
275:part of
193:part of
144:Victims
135:Location
109:Grindeni
65:Sângătin
2317:Commons
2006:Isaszeg
1981:Kápolna
1943:Pretext
1502:27 July
1007:Nadab,
898:scythes
864:Székely
821:Hungary
769:Hátszeg
737:Bucsesd
570:Hétfalu
515:Felvinc
430:Zalatna
322:Hátszeg
277:Chețani
167:Geoagiu
158:Algyógy
2026:Szőreg
1966:Pákozd
1840:
1724:
1063:Buteni
988:Mihalț
971:Notes
938:Buteni
910:Szeged
902:Oradea
849:Cistei
845:Obreja
833:Mihalț
765:Naszód
588:Csángó
551:Căpeni
524:Unirea
497:Bochia
488:Boklya
439:Zlatna
222:Stremț
147:Notes
138:County
100:Zlatna
85:Zlatna
2016:Pered
1834:(PDF)
1116:Notes
1061:(now
1036:(now
1013:Nădab
1011:(now
986:(now
962:Date
946:Bârsa
918:Almaș
817:serfs
771:, or
746:Buceș
719:Abrud
695:Heria
668:Benic
542:Köpec
470:Ighiu
331:Hațeg
195:Ighiu
132:Date
69:Sibiu
2011:Buda
1858:link
1838:ISBN
1820:help
1799:2017
1782:help
1761:2017
1722:ISBN
1691:help
1670:2017
1504:2021
1038:Luna
914:Luna
908:and
906:Arad
890:Arad
829:Blaj
796:Aiud
750:200
686:Hari
672:400
645:150
641:Iara
610:Aiud
528:200
474:200
443:700
389:150
281:200
213:Diód
73:Aiud
53:Jews
19:The
1976:Mór
1043:30
904:),
819:in
699:18
583:55
555:51
501:30
362:90
335:15
308:60
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