1074:
differently absorbing phases, microporosities, cracks, precipitates or grains in a specimen. Synchrotron radiation is created by accelerating free particles in high vacuum. By the laws of electrodynamics this acceleration leads to the emission of electromagnetic radiation (Jackson, 1975). Linear particle acceleration is one possibility, but apart from the very high electric fields one would need it is more practical to hold the charged particles on a closed trajectory in order to obtain a source of continuous radiation. Magnetic fields are used to force the particles onto the desired orbit and prevent them from flying in a straight line. The radial acceleration associated with the change of direction then generates radiation.
38:
1089:
3005:
2068:
57:
198:
are transmission methods, they typically do not require movement of the transmitter to acquire data from different directions. In MRI, both projections and higher spatial harmonics are sampled by applying spatially varying magnetic fields; no moving parts are necessary to generate an image. On the
1670:
Martin, Michael C; Dabat-Blondeau, Charlotte; Unger, Miriam; Sedlmair, Julia; Parkinson, Dilworth Y; Bechtel, Hans A; Illman, Barbara; Castro, Jonathan M; Keiluweit, Marco; Buschke, David; Ogle, Brenda; Nasse, Michael J; Hirschmugl, Carol J (September 2013). "3D spectral imaging with synchrotron
1211:
in the late 1970s. Focal plane tomography uses the fact that the focal plane appears sharper, while structures in other planes appear blurred. By moving an X-ray source and the film in opposite directions during the exposure, and modifying the direction and extent of the movement, operators can
1073:
combined with the tremendous improvement of detector technology, data storage and processing capabilities since the 1990s has led to a boost of high-end synchrotron tomography in materials research with a wide range of different applications, e.g. the visualization and quantitative analysis of
1054:, on the other hand, are research areas that deal with the reconstruction of objects that are discrete (such as crystals) or homogeneous. They are concerned with reconstruction methods, and as such they are not restricted to any of the particular (experimental) tomography methods listed above.
183:(IR). These procedures give inexact results: they represent a compromise between accuracy and computation time required. FBP demands fewer computational resources, while IR generally produces fewer artifacts (errors in the reconstruction) at a higher computing cost.
1778:
Puschnig, P.; Berkebile, S.; Fleming, A. J.; Koller, G.; Emtsev, K.; Seyller, T.; Riley, J. D.; Ambrosch-Draxl, C.; Netzer, F. P.; Ramsey, M. G. (30 October 2009). "Reconstruction of
Molecular Orbital Densities from Photoemission Data".
1724:
V. B. Neculaes, P. M. Edic, M. Frontera, A. Caiafa, G. Wang and B. De Man, "Multisource X-Ray and CT: Lessons
Learned and Future Outlook," in IEEE Access, vol. 2, pp. 1568â1585, 2014, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2014.2363949.
199:
other hand, since ultrasound and optical coherence tomography uses time-of-flight to spatially encode the received signal, it is not strictly a tomographic method and does not require multiple image acquisitions.
1830:
Van Aarle, W.; Palenstijn, WJ.; Cant, J; Janssens, E; Bleichrodt, F; Dabravolski, A; De
Beenhouwer, J; Batenburg, J; Sijbers, J (February 2016). "Fast and Flexible X-ray Tomography Using the ASTRA Toolbox".
1737:
1868:
Donoghue, PC; Bengtson, S; Dong, XP; Gostling, NJ; Huldtgren, T; Cunningham, JA; Yin, C; Yue, Z; Peng, F; Stampanoni, M (10 August 2006). "Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy of fossil embryos".
1464:
Mohri, K; Görs, S; Schöler, J; Rittler, A; Dreier, T; Schulz, C; Kempf, A (10 September 2017). "Instantaneous 3D imaging of highly turbulent flames using computed tomography of chemiluminescence".
1542:
Van Aarle, W.; Palenstijn, WJ.; De
Beenhouwer, J; Alantzis, T; Bals, S; Batenburg, J; Sijbers, J (2015). "The ASTRA Toolbox: a platform for advanced algorithm development in electron tomography".
1962:
Banhart, John, ed. Advanced
Tomographic Methods in Materials Research and Engineering. Monographs on the Physics and Chemistry of Materials. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
1437:
Floyd, J.; Geipel, P.; Kempf, A.M. (February 2011). "Computed
Tomography of Chemiluminescence (CTC): Instantaneous 3D measurements and Phantom studies of a turbulent opposed jet flame".
1579:
Crowther, R. A.; DeRosier, D. J.; Klug, A.; S, F. R. (1970-06-23). "The reconstruction of a three-dimensional structure from projections and its application to electron microscopy".
1172:
algorithm is a common technique for extracting an isosurface from volume data. Direct volume rendering is a computationally intensive task that may be performed in several ways.
541:
620:
2964:
1184:
652:
224:
817:
1713:
Cramer, A., Hecla, J., Wu, D. et al. Stationary
Computed Tomography for Space and other Resource-constrained Environments. Sci Rep 8, 14195 (2018).
1725:
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340:
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1973:
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1130:. These are usually acquired in a regular pattern (e.g., one slice every millimeter) and usually have a regular number of image
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563:
335:
1507:
Huang, S M; Plaskowski, A; Xie, C G; Beck, M S (1988). "Capacitance-based tomographic flow imaging system".
1380:
Ford, Bridget K.; Volin, Curtis E.; Murphy, Sean M.; Lynch, Ronald M.; Descour, Michael R. (February 2001).
2990:
2924:
2856:
2846:
2824:
2595:
2563:
2194:
1333:"Array Tomography: A New Tool for Imaging the Molecular Architecture and Ultrastructure of Neural Circuits"
1207:
Focal plane tomography remained the conventional form of tomography until being largely replaced by mainly
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Some recent advances rely on using simultaneously integrated physical phenomena, e.g. X-rays for both
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represented by a single value that is obtained by sampling the immediate area surrounding the voxel.
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229:
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in a regular pattern. This is an example of a regular volumetric grid, with each volume element, or
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2738:
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2351:
2136:
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1919:
1738:"Three dimensions localization of tumors in confocal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection"
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1201:
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550:
168:
148:, "to write" or, in this context as well, "to describe." A device used in tomography is called a
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2009:
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Volume rendering is a set of techniques used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely
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888:
508:
409:
1633:
Electron tomography: methods for three-dimensional visualization of structures in the cell
8:
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In many cases, the production of these images is based on the mathematical procedure
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37:
1115:. A typical 3D data set is a group of 2D slice images acquired, for example, by a
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2794:
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2212:
2185:
2180:
2114:
1736:
Ahadi, Mojtaba; Isa, Maryam; Saripan, M. Iqbal; Hasan, W. Z. W. (December 2015).
1348:
1272:
1256:
1195:
636:
1187:, and proved useful in reducing the problem of superimposition of structures in
44:: Basic principle of tomography: superposition free tomographic cross sections S
2936:
1169:
1142:
719:
546:
117:
109:
63:
1931:
1308:
Fundamentals of
Computerized Tomography: Image Reconstruction from Projections
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1997:
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To render a 2D projection of the 3D data set, one first needs to define a
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2127:
1844:
1485:
1029:
89:
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1541:
1382:"Computed Tomography-Based Spectral Imaging For Fluorescence Microscopy"
1212:
select different focal planes which contain the structures of interest.
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1164:(surfaces of equal values) from the volume and rendering them as
1124:
1116:
1093:
1062:
A new technique called synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy (
1033:
972:
673:
129:
93:
77:
1924:
Metals, Microbes, and
Minerals - the Biogeochemical Side of Life
2884:
2067:
1829:
1204:
described the use of planography, another term for tomography.
1145:
in space relative to the volume. Also, one needs to define the
1777:
2911:
2122:
1287:
1135:
1131:
1066:) allows for detailed three-dimensional scanning of fossils.
1063:
995:
977:
826:
702:
625:
445:
303:
1867:
1168:
or by rendering the volume directly as a block of data. The
1157:
that defines the RGBA value for every possible voxel value.
80:
by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating
1149:
and color of every voxel. This is usually defined using an
1057:
641:
81:
1269:â a type of puzzle based on a discrete model of tomography
27:
Imaging by sections or sectioning using a penetrative wave
1120:
1037:
175:
exist. Most algorithms fall into one of two categories:
1463:
1506:
1671:
Fourier transform infrared spectro-microtomography".
1578:
52:
compared with the (not tomographic) projected image P
1735:
1379:
1331:
Micheva, Kristina D.; Smith, Stephen J (July 2007).
2079:
Image reconstruction algorithms for microtomography
1637:(2nd ed.). New York: Springer. 2006. pp.
1160:For example, a volume may be viewed by extracting
818:Positron emission tomography - computed tomography
3021:
1436:
685:Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography
1183:was developed in the 1930s by the radiologist
2099:
1330:
2106:
2092:
856:Single-photon emission computed tomography
341:Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy
1852:
1563:
1413:
1356:
1194:In a 1953 article in the medical journal
788:Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
297:Computed tomography of chemiluminescence
246:Correlative light and electron microscopy
167:technically being produced from multiple
2942:Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging
1745:Microwave and Optical Technology Letters
1098:quantitative mineral density calibration
1087:
1058:Synchrotron X-ray tomographic microscopy
371:Electrical capacitance volume tomography
277:Computed tomography imaging spectrometer
55:
36:
1926:. De Gruyter. 2021. pp. xixâxxii.
923:Ultrasound-modulated optical tomography
14:
3022:
2040:A History of the Radiological Sciences
1971:
1305:
202:
2087:
2030:
1310:(2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer.
1069:The construction of third-generation
458:Functional magnetic resonance imaging
766:Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine
2113:
1077:
24:
2749:Sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy
1451:10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.09.006
957:Ultrasound transmission tomography
526:Infrared microtomographic imaging
324:Laser scanning confocal microscopy
318:laser scanning confocal microscopy
25:
3046:
2060:
494:Gamma-ray transmission tomography
388:Electrical resistivity tomography
353:Electrical capacitance tomography
3004:
3003:
2066:
783:Photoemission orbital tomography
428:Transmission electron microscopy
152:, while the image produced is a
2506:Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
2024:
1965:
1956:
1912:
1861:
1823:
1771:
1729:
1718:
1707:
1663:
478:("Tomographic Gamma Scanning")
405:Electrical impedance tomography
2754:Radioactive iodine uptake test
1974:"Experiences with Planography"
1623:
1572:
1556:10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.05.002
1535:
1500:
1457:
1430:
1373:
1324:
1299:
1247:Industrial computed tomography
1153:(for red, green, blue, alpha)
940:Ultrasound computer tomography
13:
1:
2734:Radionuclide ventriculography
2208:Lower gastrointestinal series
2200:Upper gastrointestinal series
2044:American Roentgen Ray Society
1406:10.1016/S0006-3495(01)76077-8
1293:
749:Optical projection tomography
564:Magnetic induction tomography
476:Gamma-ray emission tomography
336:Cryogenic electron tomography
144:, "slice, section" and ÎłÏÎŹÏÏ
2925:Optical coherence tomography
2847:Myocardial perfusion imaging
2435:Dental panoramic radiography
1972:Pollak, B. (December 1953).
1349:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.06.014
1100:) stacked to form a 3D model
801:Positron emission tomography
732:Optical diffusion tomography
715:Optical coherence tomography
192:optical coherence tomography
7:
1920:"Contributors to Volume 21"
1215:
10:
3051:
2729:Ventilation/perfusion scan
2204:Small-bowel follow-through
1278:Tomographic reconstruction
1175:
1081:
911:Photoacoustic spectroscopy
771:Photoacoustic spectroscopy
603:nuclear magnetic resonance
599:Magnetic resonance imaging
188:magnetic resonance imaging
161:tomographic reconstruction
68:magnetic resonance imaging
66:tomography of the head by
29:
2999:
2978:
2970:Dynamic angiothermography
2950:
2906:
2855:
2832:
2822:
2787:
2714:
2704:
2695:
2638:Abdominal ultrasonography
2546:
2462:
2422:
2341:
2300:
2291:
2144:
2135:
2121:
2033:"Conventional Tomography"
1932:10.1515/9783110589771-004
1854:10067/1392160151162165141
1565:10067/1278340151162165141
1306:Herman, Gabor T. (2009).
973:X-ray computed tomography
698:Ocean acoustic tomography
581:Magnetic particle imaging
542:Laser Ablation Tomography
230:Electromagnetic radiation
173:reconstruction algorithms
165:X-ray computed tomography
2960:Non-contact thermography
2739:Radionuclide angiography
2591:Doppler echocardiography
1189:projectional radiography
181:iterative reconstruction
177:filtered back projection
169:projectional radiographs
84:. The method is used in
30:Not to be confused with
2744:Radioisotope renography
1801:10.1126/science.1176105
1202:Fort William Sanatorium
621:Multi-source tomography
609:Nuclear magnetic moment
2779:Gastric emptying study
1990:10.1378/chest.24.6.663
1601:10.1098/rspa.1970.0119
1181:Focal plane tomography
1101:
1008:Zeeman-Doppler imaging
906:Thermoacoustic imaging
551:fluorescent microscopy
441:Focal plane tomography
393:Electrical resistivity
376:Electrical capacitance
358:Electrical capacitance
70:
53:
2440:X-ray motion analysis
2323:X-ray microtomography
2242:Hysterosalpingography
2149:Pneumoencephalography
1581:Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A
1283:Multiscale tomography
1091:
991:X-ray microtomography
316:Confocal microscopy (
259:Atom probe tomography
219:Year of introduction
128:, and other areas of
59:
40:
2965:Contact thermography
2675:Emergency ultrasound
2613:Transcranial Doppler
2364:Abdominal and pelvis
2075:at Wikimedia Commons
1845:10.1364/OE.24.025129
1486:10.1364/AO.56.007385
1439:Combustion and Flame
1237:Geometric tomography
1185:Alessandro Vallebona
1052:Geometric tomography
889:Terahertz tomography
653:Microwave tomography
509:Hydraulic tomography
410:Electrical impedance
2932:Confocal microscopy
2810:Indium-111 WBC scan
2633:Echoencephalography
2369:Virtual colonoscopy
1890:10.1038/nature04890
1882:2006Natur.442..680D
1793:2009Sci...326..702P
1593:1970RSPSA.317..319C
1529:10.1049/el:19880283
1521:1988ElL....24..418H
1509:Electronics Letters
1478:2017ApOpt..56.7385M
1398:2001BpJ....80..986F
1386:Biophysical Journal
1242:Geophysical imaging
1232:Discrete tomography
1209:computed tomography
1200:, B. Pollak of the
1094:computed tomographs
1071:synchrotron sources
1048:Discrete tomography
894:Terahertz radiation
737:Absorption of light
423:Electron tomography
203:Types of tomography
126:quantum information
98:atmospheric science
2920:Optical tomography
2769:Dacryoscintigraphy
2764:Immunoscintigraphy
2403:Whole body imaging
2154:Dental radiography
1685:10.1038/nmeth.2596
1262:Network tomography
1102:
873:Seismic tomography
839:Quantum tomography
754:Optical microscope
669:Neutron tomography
586:Superparamagnetism
569:Magnetic induction
463:Magnetic resonance
71:
54:
3017:
3016:
2979:Target conditions
2902:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2818:
2817:
2759:Bone scintigraphy
2724:Scintimammography
2719:Cholescintigraphy
2564:contrast-enhanced
2458:
2457:
2418:
2417:
2408:Full-body CT scan
2308:General operation
2287:
2286:
2257:Angiocardiography
2071:Media related to
1787:(5953): 702â706.
1757:10.1002/mop.29470
1751:(12): 2917â2929.
1587:(1530): 319â340.
1472:(26): 7385â7395.
1317:978-1-84628-723-7
1227:3D reconstruction
1155:transfer function
1111:, typically a 3D
1022:
1021:
823:Positron emission
806:Positron emission
301:Chemiluminescence
242:Array tomography
225:Aerial tomography
171:. Many different
114:materials science
16:(Redirected from
3042:
3007:
3006:
2830:
2829:
2712:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2586:Echocardiography
2445:Hounsfield scale
2298:
2297:
2217:Cholecystography
2142:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2070:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2037:
2031:Littleton, J.T.
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2008:. Archived from
1969:
1963:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1865:
1859:
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1856:
1827:
1821:
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1705:
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1532:
1504:
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1455:
1454:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1360:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1303:
1222:Chemical imaging
1166:polygonal meshes
1084:Volume rendering
1078:Volume rendering
1040:and combined CT/
285:spectral imaging
207:
206:
136:is derived from
21:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3035:Medical imaging
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
2995:
2974:
2946:
2894:
2880:PET mammography
2851:
2814:
2800:Gallium-67 scan
2795:Octreotide scan
2783:
2691:
2542:
2454:
2414:
2337:
2318:High-resolution
2283:
2247:Skeletal survey
2213:Cholangiography
2126:
2117:
2115:Medical imaging
2112:
2063:
2058:
2048:
2046:
2035:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
1970:
1966:
1961:
1957:
1942:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1876:(7103): 680â3.
1866:
1862:
1839:: 25129â25147.
1828:
1824:
1776:
1772:
1740:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1668:
1664:
1649:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1577:
1573:
1544:Ultramicroscopy
1540:
1536:
1505:
1501:
1462:
1458:
1435:
1431:
1378:
1374:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1273:Radon transform
1257:Medical imaging
1218:
1178:
1092:Multiple X-ray
1086:
1080:
1060:
637:Muon tomography
213:Source of data
205:
51:
47:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3048:
3038:
3037:
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2944:
2939:
2937:Endomicroscopy
2934:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2914:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2896:
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2178:
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2119:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2062:
2061:External links
2059:
2057:
2056:
2023:
1984:(6): 663â669.
1964:
1955:
1940:
1911:
1860:
1833:Optics Express
1822:
1770:
1728:
1717:
1706:
1679:(9): 861â864.
1673:Nature Methods
1662:
1647:
1622:
1571:
1534:
1499:
1466:Applied Optics
1456:
1445:(2): 376â391.
1429:
1392:(2): 986â993.
1372:
1323:
1316:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1291:
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1285:
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1244:
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1234:
1229:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1177:
1174:
1170:marching cubes
1082:Main article:
1079:
1076:
1059:
1056:
1020:
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762:
761:
759:
756:
751:
745:
744:
742:
739:
734:
728:
727:
725:
722:
720:Interferometry
717:
711:
710:
708:
705:
700:
694:
693:
691:
689:
687:
681:
680:
678:
676:
671:
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566:
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547:Laser ablation
544:
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309:
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298:
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266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
248:
243:
239:
238:
235:
232:
227:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
204:
201:
186:Although MRI (
118:cosmochemistry
110:plasma physics
49:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3047:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3010:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
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2977:
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2961:
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2930:
2926:
2923:
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2918:
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2913:
2909:
2905:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
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2878:
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2873:
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2862:
2858:
2854:
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2845:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2821:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2805:Ga-68-DOTATOC
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
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2757:
2755:
2752:
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2747:
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2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2618:Intravascular
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2538:Synthetic MRI
2536:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2374:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2328:Electron beam
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2280:
2279:Orbital x-ray
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2174:Bronchography
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2109:
2104:
2102:
2097:
2095:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2012:on 2013-04-14
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1941:9783110588903
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1864:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1721:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1648:9780387690087
1644:
1640:
1635:
1634:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1566:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:(7): 418â19.
1514:
1510:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1013:Zeeman effect
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
984:
982:CT, CAT scan
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
967:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
883:
881:
879:
878:Seismic waves
876:
874:
871:
870:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
847:
845:
844:Quantum state
842:
840:
837:
836:
833:
830:
828:
824:
821:
819:
816:
815:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
798:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
729:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
695:
692:
690:
688:
686:
683:
682:
679:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
663:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
650:
647:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
615:
612:
610:
607:
604:
600:
597:
596:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
554:
552:
548:
545:
543:
540:
539:
535:
533:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
488:
485:
483:
480:
477:
474:
473:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
451:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
368:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
333:
330:
327:
325:
322:
319:
315:
314:
310:
307:
305:
302:
299:
296:
295:
291:
288:
286:
283:
282:Visible light
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
252:
249:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
222:
218:
216:Abbreviation
215:
212:
209:
208:
200:
197:
193:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
157:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:Ancient Greek
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
69:
65:
62:
58:
43:
39:
33:
19:
2986:Acute stroke
2952:Thermography
2707:scintigraphy
2697:Radionuclide
2685:pre-hospital
2531:Tractography
2450:Radiodensity
2352:calcium scan
2313:Quantitative
2047:. Retrieved
2039:
2026:
2014:. Retrieved
2010:the original
1981:
1977:
1967:
1958:
1923:
1914:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1748:
1744:
1731:
1720:
1709:
1676:
1672:
1665:
1632:
1625:
1584:
1580:
1574:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1512:
1508:
1502:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1389:
1385:
1375:
1343:(1): 25â36.
1340:
1336:
1326:
1307:
1301:
1252:Johann Radon
1206:
1196:
1193:
1179:
1159:
1140:
1113:scalar field
1103:
1068:
1061:
1046:
1023:
530:Mid-infrared
185:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
133:
122:astrophysics
106:oceanography
73:
72:
61:Median plane
41:
2875:Cardiac PET
2648:renal tract
2623:Gynecologic
2555:Techniques
2526:restriction
2501:Angiography
2484:Neurography
2430:Fluoroscopy
2376:Angiography
2357:angiography
2301:Techniques:
2262:Aortography
2252:Angiography
2232:Cystography
2222:Mammography
2164:Myelography
2159:Sialography
2128:radiography
2049:29 November
1162:isosurfaces
1032:, combined
1030:angiography
613:MRI or MRT
605:tomography
486:TGS or ECT
132:. The word
90:archaeology
18:Tomographic
3030:Tomography
3024:Categories
2788:Full body:
2574:endoscopic
2548:Ultrasound
2477:functional
2274:Lymphogram
2269:Venography
2237:Arthrogram
2073:Tomography
1294:References
962:Ultrasound
945:Ultrasound
928:Ultrasound
514:fluid flow
264:Atom probe
196:ultrasound
179:(FBP) and
163:, such as
134:tomography
102:geophysics
74:Tomography
32:Topography
2991:Pregnancy
2870:Brain PET
2838:gamma ray
2774:DMSA scan
2628:Obstetric
2521:diffusion
2516:Sequences
2494:perfusion
2386:Pulmonary
2333:Cone beam
2227:Pyelogram
1998:0012-3692
1950:243434346
1765:122576324
1657:262685610
1617:122980366
1609:0080-4630
1550:: 35â47.
861:Gamma ray
658:Microwave
499:Gamma ray
482:Gamma ray
150:tomograph
86:radiology
3009:Category
2861:positron
2381:Coronary
2016:July 10,
2006:13107564
1898:16900198
1809:19745118
1693:23913258
1494:29048060
1424:11159465
1367:17610815
1267:Nonogram
1216:See also
1109:data set
1000:microCT
154:tomogram
64:sagittal
2908:Optical
2890:PET-MRI
2670:Carotid
2665:Scrotal
2559:doppler
2489:Cardiac
2398:Thyroid
2342:Targets
2293:CT scan
1906:4411929
1878:Bibcode
1817:5476218
1789:Bibcode
1781:Science
1701:9900276
1589:Bibcode
1517:Bibcode
1474:Bibcode
1415:1301296
1394:Bibcode
1358:2080672
1176:History
1147:opacity
1128:scanner
1125:MicroCT
1106:sampled
898:THz-CT
831:PET-CT
674:Neutron
345:CryoET
130:science
94:biology
78:imaging
2885:PET-CT
2660:Breast
2655:Rectal
2579:duplex
2511:Breast
2348:Heart
2004:
1996:
1948:
1938:
1904:
1896:
1870:Nature
1815:
1807:
1763:
1699:
1691:
1655:
1645:
1615:
1607:
1492:
1422:
1412:
1365:
1355:
1337:Neuron
1314:
1143:camera
1132:pixels
1096:(with
865:SPECT
825:&
549:&
452:1930s
304:Flames
146:graphĆ
140:ÏÏÎŒÎżÏ
2912:Laser
2834:SPECT
2643:renal
2472:Brain
2423:Other
2123:X-ray
2036:(PDF)
1978:Chest
1946:S2CID
1902:S2CID
1813:S2CID
1761:S2CID
1741:(PDF)
1697:S2CID
1613:S2CID
1288:Voxel
1197:Chest
1136:voxel
1123:, or
1064:SRXTM
996:X-ray
985:1971
978:X-ray
949:USCT
827:X-ray
795:2009
703:Sonar
626:X-ray
593:2005
558:2013
536:2013
521:2000
470:1992
467:fMRI
446:X-ray
435:1968
417:1984
380:ECVT
365:1988
328:LSCM
311:2009
292:2001
289:CTIS
271:1986
253:2007
237:2020
210:Name
142:tomos
48:and S
42:Fig.1
2680:FAST
2393:Head
2051:2014
2018:2011
2002:PMID
1994:ISSN
1936:ISBN
1894:PMID
1805:PMID
1689:PMID
1653:OCLC
1643:ISBN
1605:ISSN
1490:PMID
1420:PMID
1363:PMID
1312:ISBN
1151:RGBA
1050:and
1028:and
932:UOT
915:TAT
848:QST
810:PET
792:POT
775:PAT
758:OPT
741:ODT
724:OCT
707:OAT
642:Muon
590:MPI
573:MIT
555:LAT
503:TCT
414:EIT
397:ERT
362:ECT
308:CTC
268:APT
194:and
82:wave
2857:PET
2825:ECT
2823:3D/
2705:2D/
2606:ICE
2601:TEE
2596:TTE
2464:MRI
2195:DXR
2191:DXA
2186:KUB
2181:AXR
2169:CXR
1986:doi
1928:doi
1886:doi
1874:442
1849:hdl
1841:doi
1797:doi
1785:326
1753:doi
1681:doi
1597:doi
1585:317
1560:hdl
1552:doi
1548:157
1525:doi
1482:doi
1447:doi
1443:158
1410:PMC
1402:doi
1353:PMC
1345:doi
1121:MRI
1042:PET
1038:MRI
601:or
518:HT
432:ET
250:AT
234:AT
190:),
76:is
3026::
2863:):
2840:):
2569:3D
2137:2D
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