565:
1348:
1264:." A group of kids sits in a circle, the first tells a brief story to the one sitting next to her, who tells it to the next, and to the next, and so on, until it comes back full circle to the one who started it. Invariably, the story has changed so much in the process of retelling that everyone gets a good laugh. Imagine this same activity taking place, not in a solitary living room with ten kids on one afternoon, but over the expanse of the Roman Empire (some 2,500 miles across), with thousands of participantsāfrom different backgrounds, with different concerns, and in different contextsāsome of whom have to translate the stories into different languages.
1902:, p. 261ā262): "The Gospels cannot be equated with biographies primary purpose was not to present a detailed historical picture of the life of Jesus. And the non-Christian materials provide us with no essential new knowledge beyond the accounts of the Gospels the situation in regard to sources is highly unsatisfactory; legendary and historical accounts are hopelessly intertwined. The historian must recognize that the materials available to us do not enable us to reconstruct Jesus as he really was. only the Jesus the early disciples saw, the Christ who has survived in the beliefs of the Christian community.
1062:
1959:: "John, however, is so different that it cannot be reconciled with the Synoptics except in very general ways Scholars have unanimously chosen the Synoptic Gospelsā version of Jesusā teaching The Synoptic Gospels, then, are the primary sources for knowledge of the historical Jesus. They are not, however, the equivalent of an academic biography of a recent historical figure. Instead, the Synoptic Gospels are theological documents that provide information the authors regarded as necessary for the religious development of the Christian communities in which they worked."
1908:: "John, however, is so different that it cannot be reconciled with the Synoptics except in very general ways Scholars have unanimously chosen the Synoptic Gospelsā version of Jesusā teaching The Synoptic Gospels, then, are the primary sources for knowledge of the historical Jesus. They are not, however, the equivalent of an academic biography of a recent historical figure. Instead, the Synoptic Gospels are theological documents that provide information the authors regarded as necessary for the religious development of the Christian communities in which they worked."
2126:
2762:
3145:
3133:
1715:, c. 150, had a much shorter version of the gospel of Luke, differing substantially from what has now become the standard text of the gospel and far less oriented towards the Jewish scriptures. Marcion's critics said that he had edited out the portions of Luke he did not like, though Marcion argued that his was the more genuinely original text. He is said to have rejected all other gospels, including those of Matthew, Mark and especially John, which he alleged had been forged by
9250:
8470:
508:
8459:
1778:
520:
4562:
918:
1269:
Synoptic tradition...are the memories of the first disciples-not Jesus himself, but the remembered Jesus. The idea that we can get back to an objective historical reality, which we can wholly separate and disentangle from the disciples' memories...is simply unrealistic." According to Chris Keith, a historical Jesus is "ultimately unattainable, but can be hypothesized on the basis of the interpretations of the
1914:, p. 53): "... early Christians who passed along the traditions sometimes found it legitimate and necessary to change a historical fact in order to make a historical point since the Gospels preserve traditions that have been modified over time in their retelling, it is impossible simply to take these stories at face value and uncritically assume that they represent historically accurate information."
1746:
the instructions of Jesus. The text was recovered from a cave in Egypt by a thief and thereafter sold on the black market until it was finally discovered by a collector who, with the help of academics from Yale and
Princeton, was able to verify its authenticity. The document itself does not claim to have been authored by Judas (it is, rather, a gospel about Judas), and is known to date to at least 180 AD.
33:
1273:, and as part of a larger process of accounting for how and why early Christians came to view Jesus in the ways that they did." According to Keith, "these two models are methodologically and epistemologically incompatible," calling into question the methods and aim of the first model. Keith argues that criticism of the criteria of authenticity does not mean scholars cannot research the
1092:ā70, Matthew and Luke around AD 85ā90, and John AD 90ā110. Despite the traditional ascriptions, most scholars hold that all four are anonymous and most scholars agree that none were written by eyewitnesses. A few scholars defend the traditional ascriptions or attributions, but for a variety of reasons, the majority of scholars have abandoned this view or hold it only tenuously.
1928:, pp. 371ā372): "Through the main body of the Synoptic tradition, I believe, we have in most cases direct access to the teaching and ministry of Jesus as it was remembered from the beginning of the transmission process (which often predates Easter) and so fairly direct access to the ministry and teaching of Jesus through the eyes and ears of those who went about with him."
1025:
understanding of the
Messiah), but in Matthew they demonstrate his divinity, and the "young man" who appears at Jesus' tomb in Mark becomes a radiant angel in Matthew. Luke, while following Mark's plot more faithfully than Matthew, has expanded on the source, corrected Mark's grammar and syntax, and eliminated some passages entirely, notably most of chapters 6 and 7.
1009:
Jerusalem, he is at first acclaimed but then rejected, betrayed, and crucified, and when the women who have followed him come to his tomb, they find it empty. Mark never calls Jesus "God" or claims that he existed prior to his earthly life, apparently believes that he had a normal human parentage and birth, and makes no attempt to trace his ancestry back to
110:
1884:, p. 5): "The main sources for our knowledge about Jesus himself, the gospels in the New Testament, are, from the point of view of the historian, tainted by the fact that they were written by people who intended to glorify their hero Despite this we have a good idea of the external course of his life, especially his public career."
1246:
Through the main body of the
Synoptic tradition we have in most cases direct access to the teaching and ministry of Jesus as it was remembered from the beginning of the transmission process and so fairly direct access to the ministry and teaching of Jesus through the eyes and ears of those who went
1001:, dies on the cross and is raised from the dead. Each has its own distinctive understanding of him and his divine role and scholars recognize that the differences of detail among the gospels are irreconcilable, and any attempt to harmonize them would only disrupt their distinct theological messages.
1745:
Purports to tell the story of the gospel from the perspective of Judas, the disciple who is usually said to have betrayed Jesus. It paints an unusual picture of the relationship between Jesus and Judas, in that it appears to interpret Judas's act not as betrayal, but rather as an act of obedience to
1201:
The majority view among critical scholars is that the authors of
Matthew and Luke based their narratives on Mark's gospel, editing him to suit their own ends, and the contradictions and discrepancies among these three versions and John make it impossible to accept both traditions as equally reliable
1206:
to complain in the 3rd century that "the differences among manuscripts have become great either neglect to check over what they have transcribed, or, in the process of checking, they make additions or deletions as they please." Most of these are insignificant, but some are significant, an example
1609:
says that the original may date from c. 150. Some scholars believe that it may represent a tradition independent from the canonical gospels, but that developed over a long time and was influenced by
Matthew and Luke; other scholars believe it is a later text, dependent from the canonical gospels.
1138:
because of their close similarities of content, arrangement, and language. The authors and editors of John may have known the synoptics, but did not use them in the way that
Matthew and Luke used Mark. There is a near-consensus that this gospel had its origins as a "signs" source (or gospel) that
1095:
In the immediate aftermath of Jesus' death, his followers expected him to return at any moment, certainly within their own lifetimes, and in consequence there was little motivation to write anything down for future generations, but as eyewitnesses began to die, and as the missionary needs of the
1024:
The authors of
Matthew and Luke added infancy and resurrection narratives to the story they found in Mark, although the two differ markedly. Each also makes subtle theological changes to Mark: the Markan miracle stories, for example, confirm Jesus' status as an emissary of God (which was Mark's
1268:
While multiple quests have been undertaken to reconstruct the historical Jesus, since the late 1990s concerns have been growing about the possibility to reconstruct a historical Jesus from the Gospel-texts. According to Dunn, "What we actually have in the earliest retellings of what is now the
1008:
because they present very similar accounts of the life of Jesus. Mark begins with the baptism of the adult Jesus and the heavenly declaration that he is the son of God; he gathers followers and begins his ministry, and tells his disciples that he must die in
Jerusalem but that he will rise; in
1218:
is often superior to that of the synoptics. Its testimony that Jesus was executed before, rather than on, Passover, might well be more accurate, and its presentation of Jesus in the garden and the prior meeting held by the Jewish authorities are possibly more historically plausible than their
1403:
gospels are the products of
Christians of Jewish origin who had not given up their Jewish identity: they regarded Jesus as the messiah of the Jewish scripture but did not agree that he was God, an idea which, although central to Christianity as it eventually developed, is contrary to Jewish
1355:
The many apocryphal gospels arose from the 1st century onward, frequently under assumed names to enhance their credibility and authority, and often from within branches of
Christianity that were eventually branded heretical. They can be broadly organised into the following categories:
1251:
Other scholars are less sanguine about oral tradition, and Valantasis, Bleyle, and Hough argue that the early traditions were fluid and subject to alteration, sometimes transmitted by those who had known Jesus personally, but more often by wandering prophets and teachers like the
1125:
used by Matthew and Luke. The authors of Matthew and Luke, acting independently, used Mark for their narrative of Jesus' career, supplementing it with the hypothesized collection of sayings called the Q source and additional material unique to each called the
1028:
John, the most overtly theological, is the first to make Christological judgements outside the context of the narrative of Jesus's life. He presents a significantly different picture of Jesus's career, omitting any mention of his ancestry, birth and childhood, his
1207:
being Matthew 1:18, altered to imply the pre-existence of Jesus. For these reasons, modern scholars are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically, and critical study can attempt to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of later authors.
2015:, p. 22) Indeed, most critical scholars view the nativity of Jesus as a theological, rather than historical, narrative.See: W. D. Davies and E. P. Sanders, "Jesus from the Jewish point of view", in William Horbury (ed.),
655:, meant to convince people that Jesus was a charismatic miracle-working holy man, providing examples for readers to emulate. As such, they present the Christian message of the second half of the first century AD, and modern
1414:
is a rather low-ranking member. Gnosticism holds that Jesus was entirely "spirit", and that his earthly life and death were therefore only an appearance, not a reality. Many Gnostic texts deal not in concepts of
1281:
studies have flowered in recent years; Dale Allison laments, "The publication of academic books about the historical Jesus continues apace, so much so that no one can any longer keep up; we are all overwhelmed."
1021:, although Mark 16:7, in which the young man discovered in the tomb instructs the women to tell "the disciples and Peter" that Jesus will see them again in Galilee, hints that the author knew of the tradition.
1972:, the topic of the anonymity of the Gospels has received little scholarly attention and a "dissenting few" scholars have argued that the traditional attributions to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John are original.
1184:. Ancient biographies were concerned with providing examples for readers to emulate while preserving and promoting the subject's reputation and memory; the gospels were never simply biographical, they were
1041:; his chronology and arrangement of incidents is also distinctly different, clearly describing the passage of three years in Jesus's ministry in contrast to the single year of the synoptics, placing the
2131:
2129:
628:"), but in the 2nd century it came to be used also for the books in which the message was reported. In this sense a gospel can be defined as a loose-knit, episodic narrative of the words and deeds of
6647:
3524:
1194:(preaching), meant to convince people that Jesus was a charismatic miracle-working holy man. As such, they present the Christian message of the second half of the first century AD, and modern
1146:
All four also use the Jewish scriptures, by quoting or referencing passages, interpreting texts, or alluding to or echoing biblical themes. Such use can be extensive: Mark's description of the
1053:
instead of being a Passover meal. The Gospel of John is the only gospel to call Jesus God, and in contrast to Mark, where Jesus hides his identity as messiah, in John he openly proclaims it.
725:
were also written, all later than the four canonical gospels, and like them advocating the particular theological views of their various authors. Important examples include the gospels of
1106:
Written proto-gospels preceding and serving as sources for the gospels ā the dedicatory preface of Luke, for example, testifies to the existence of previous accounts of the life of Jesus.
3852:"The Indebtedness of the criteria Approach to Form Criticism and Recent Attempts to Rehabilitate the Search for an Authentic Jesus", in Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity
1391:
Gospel harmonies: in which the four canonical gospels are combined into a single narrative, either to present a consistent text or to produce a more accessible account of Jesus' life.
4118:
3271:
6355:
1514:
It was originally written in Greek and is often interpreted as a Gnostic text. It is typically not considered a gospel by scholars since it does not focus on the life of Jesus.
1277:, but rather that scholarship should seek to understand the Gospels rather than trying to sift through them for nuggets of history. Regardless of the methodological challenges
1210:
Scholars usually agree that John is not without historical value: certain of its sayings are as old or older than their synoptic counterparts, and its representation of the
1626:
in 1945ā46, and three papyri, dated to c. 200, which contain fragments of a Greek text similar to but not identical with that in the Coptic language, have also been found.
1096:
church grew, there was an increasing demand and need for written versions of the founder's life and teachings. The stages of this process can be summarized as follows:
564:
3914:
3250:
3397:
7670:
7000:
6149:
4921:
1154:, and although John uses scripture in a far less explicit manner, its influence is still pervasive. Their source was the Greek version of the scriptures, called the
1944:, p. 329): "I emphasize again that I do not envisage 'getting back to Jesus' himself. All we have are the impressions which Jesus made, the remembered Jesus."
1242:
the earliest tradents within the Christian churches preservers more than innovators seeking to transmit, retell, explain, interpret, elaborate, but not create
1198:
are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically as historical documents, though according to Sanders they provide a good idea of the public career of Jesus.
4223:
7213:
1347:
1143:
community (which produced John and the three epistles associated with the name) and later expanded with a Passion narrative as well as a series of discourses.
7705:
1682:; may have been intended to replace the separate gospels as an authoritative text. It was accepted for liturgical purposes for as much as two centuries in
1302:, a fragment of John dating from the first half of the 2nd century. The creation of a Christian canon was probably a response to the career of the heretic
551:
4025:
3983:
4581: ā the Greek text of the New Testament: specifically the Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27 variants (archived 19 June 2008).
1460:
Anti-gnostic dialogue between Jesus and the disciples after the resurrection, emphasising the reality of the flesh and of Jesus' fleshly resurrection
5619:
4387:
3960:
1321:, the earliest surviving list of books considered (by its own author at least) to form Christian scripture, included Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
1379:), both of which related many miraculous incidents from the life of Mary and the childhood of Jesus that are not included in the canonical gospels.
1763:
doctrine, but has clear parallels with Islam, mentioning Muhammad as Messenger of God. Jesus identifies himself as a prophet, not the son of God.
3937:
8835:
6365:
6112:
2460:
8173:
7296:
5924:
3847:
6632:
4606:
4316:
2022:
7096:
5538:
5420:
1223:
as his source should be taken as a guarantee of his reliability, and the Synoptic Gospels are the primary sources for Christ's ministry.
993:
The four canonical gospels share the same basic outline of the life of Jesus: he begins his public ministry in conjunction with that of
8830:
8825:
8129:
6669:
5773:
702:, which both independently used Mark for their narrative of Jesus's career, supplementing it with a collection of sayings called "the
8935:
7680:
5975:
3292:
1436:
The major apocryphal gospels (after Bart Ehrman, "Lost Christianities" ā comments on content are by Ehrman unless otherwise noted)
1219:
synoptic parallels. Nevertheless, it is highly unlikely that the author had direct knowledge of events, or that his mentions of the
7632:
7584:
7141:
7091:
6398:
6011:
3625:
1994:
The debate over the composition of John is too complex to be treated adequately in a single paragraph; for a more nuanced view see
682:. They were probably written between AD 66 and 110. Most scholars hold that all four were anonymous (with the modern names of the "
544:
438:
3871:"The Narratives of the Gospels and the Historical Jesus: Current Debates, Prior Debates and the Goal of Historical Jesus Research"
6403:
5497:
1803:
1230:
involve not just the texts but studying the long oral and written transmission behind them using methods like memory studies and
3334:
8506:
7562:
7552:
7316:
7248:
7116:
6360:
6268:
5999:
5919:
5867:
5665:
5405:
5400:
4578:
4572:
4523:
Wiegers, G. (1995). "Muhammad as the Messiah: A comparison of the polemical works of Juan Alonso with the Gospel of Barnabas".
1291:
964:
466:
9064:
9279:
8883:
8141:
5877:
5612:
5415:
4483:
4418:
4355:
4168:
4132:
4098:
4058:
4014:
3949:
3768:
3578:
3451:
3430:
3386:
3346:
3323:
3302:
1167:
8863:
8607:
8266:
6654:
5106:
4077:
1202:
with regard to the historical Jesus. In addition, the gospels read today have been edited and corrupted over time, leading
671:, and the focus of research has shifted to Jesus as remembered by his followers, and understanding the Gospels themselves.
1554:
Fragmentary narrative of Jesus' trial, death and emergence from the tomb. It seems to be hostile toward Jews and includes
1113:
Mark is generally agreed to be the first gospel; it uses a variety of sources, including conflict stories (Mark 2:1ā3:6),
8304:
6849:
5212:
3505:
Dunn, James D.G. (1995). "Messianic Ideas and Their Influence on the Jesus of History". In Charlesworth, James H. (ed.).
537:
276:
9188:
6447:
6350:
5533:
5207:
5068:
4543:
4464:
4397:
4302:
4256:
4235:
4189:
4142:
4037:
3993:
3972:
3926:
3859:
3837:
3789:
3649:
3611:
3570:
The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture: The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament
3557:
3536:
3472:
3409:
3281:
3260:
2982:
433:
271:
718:. The reliability of John has been questioned and the Synoptic Gospels are the primary sources for Christ's ministry.
8190:
7289:
7086:
5175:
4513:
4441:
4376:
4280:
4212:
4088:
3903:
3733:
3712:
3691:
3670:
3495:
3365:
3239:
862:
422:
228:
8434:
6864:
6763:
6222:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5605:
5293:
5170:
5021:
4599:
2975:
The Historical Jesus and the Temple: Memory, Methodology and the Gospel of Matthew- Foreword by Dale C. Allison, Jr
223:
9022:
8963:
7701:
7599:
7567:
6949:
6679:
6418:
6375:
6258:
6248:
6058:
6021:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5660:
5553:
1465:
406:
69:
This article is about the written accounts of the life of Jesus. For the Christian message, the "good news", see
1981:
The priority of Mark is accepted by most scholars, but there are important dissenting opinions: see the article
1103:
Written collections of miracle stories, parables, sayings, etc., with oral tradition continuing alongside these;
9289:
9035:
8858:
8699:
8393:
7642:
7557:
7263:
7231:
7058:
6977:
6408:
6178:
6094:
5985:
1171:
1018:
641:
7360:
5543:
686:" added in the 2nd century), almost certainly none were by eyewitnesses, and all are the end-products of long
9294:
9124:
8741:
8602:
8200:
7522:
7253:
7243:
7007:
6664:
6462:
6432:
6273:
6124:
6077:
5815:
5507:
1491:
1329:
and thus the Church should have four pillars. He referred to the four collectively as the "fourfold gospel" (
902:
595:), it is the earliest manuscript title for Matthew and one of the earliest manuscript titles for any gospel.
9230:
8992:
8531:
8205:
7282:
6442:
5502:
1150:(second coming) is made up almost entirely of quotations from scripture. Matthew is full of quotations and
1100:
Oral traditions ā stories and sayings passed on largely as separate self-contained units, not in any order;
131:
8276:
8057:
7919:
6806:
6452:
6437:
6423:
6330:
6320:
5810:
5586:
5016:
4592:
750:
417:
17:
8975:
8878:
8808:
8569:
8499:
8386:
8348:
7835:
6457:
6325:
6129:
5190:
255:
5308:
1614:
terms, it lacks the characteristic features of Gnostic doctrine. It includes two unique parables, the
1256:, who did not know him personally. Ehrman explains how the tradition developed as it was transmitted:
9284:
9007:
8910:
8429:
8419:
8381:
8136:
7946:
7914:
7868:
7845:
7236:
6719:
6183:
6073:
5222:
5201:
5195:
1326:
814:
292:
260:
2468:
9057:
8930:
8731:
8669:
8409:
8314:
8309:
8124:
8089:
8015:
7971:
7966:
7763:
7589:
7434:
7331:
7326:
7258:
7226:
7121:
6801:
6614:
6107:
6043:
5217:
5185:
5180:
4916:
4877:
3157:
1859:
1691:
1631:
1615:
1372:
1038:
471:
287:
244:
239:
6642:
8985:
8624:
8094:
7828:
7733:
7622:
7572:
7429:
7346:
7321:
6529:
6469:
6345:
6227:
6026:
5628:
5523:
5395:
5252:
5113:
4853:
1809:
1619:
1597:
1520:
1478:
1452:
1342:
1109:
Gospels formed by combining proto-gospels, written collections, and still-current oral tradition.
1042:
722:
668:
659:
are cautious of relying on the gospels uncritically as historical documents, though according to
344:
74:
4324:
3870:
3012:, p. 34: "Marcion included a Gospel in his canon, a form of what is now the Gospel of Luke"
9225:
9152:
8818:
8587:
8414:
8005:
7863:
7805:
7696:
7675:
7440:
7189:
7076:
6694:
6315:
6236:
6212:
5644:
5379:
5262:
5247:
5237:
4829:
4341:
1797:
1566:, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus. It had been lost but was rediscovered in the 19th century.
1114:
360:
339:
316:
91:
4452:
4429:
3104:
3102:
9107:
9040:
8945:
8925:
8920:
8760:
8674:
8564:
8492:
8473:
8072:
7798:
7607:
7510:
7465:
7394:
7184:
7126:
7017:
7012:
6890:
6884:
6684:
6232:
6197:
6102:
6016:
5798:
5328:
5267:
5257:
5165:
3702:
1724:
1584:
1410:
gospels uphold the idea that the universe is the product of a hierarchy of gods, of whom the
1176:
The consensus among modern scholars is that the gospels are a subset of the ancient genre of
1117:
discourse (4:1ā35), and collections of sayings, although not the sayings gospel known as the
365:
355:
215:
9074:
9069:
8845:
8736:
8597:
8294:
8244:
8229:
8106:
7815:
7715:
7665:
7660:
7617:
7577:
7505:
7174:
7131:
7081:
6869:
6821:
6816:
6791:
6627:
6581:
6484:
6474:
6310:
6303:
6154:
6068:
5840:
5830:
5793:
5528:
5448:
5160:
5073:
4983:
4749:
4636:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3099:
1824:
1760:
1061:
1034:
637:
481:
182:
115:
8980:
1395:
The apocryphal gospels can also be seen in terms of the communities which produced them:
8:
9045:
8716:
8635:
8631:
8541:
8463:
8439:
8424:
8343:
8333:
8319:
8299:
8289:
8259:
8239:
8168:
7899:
7728:
7655:
7485:
7414:
7341:
7198:
7179:
6919:
6914:
6841:
6559:
6534:
6413:
6393:
6340:
6241:
6139:
6036:
6004:
5948:
5470:
5435:
5232:
4911:
4694:
4664:
3601:
2008:
1783:
1533:
1512:
Dialogue of Mary Magdalene with the apostles, and her vision of Jesus' secret teachings.
1428:
1368:
715:
524:
308:
3114:
2671:
51:
9235:
9220:
9215:
9102:
9081:
8902:
8892:
8765:
8709:
8689:
8338:
8284:
8195:
8185:
7976:
7891:
7840:
7450:
7146:
6896:
6826:
6743:
6731:
6708:
6504:
6278:
6119:
6063:
6053:
5855:
5639:
5362:
5277:
5083:
5078:
5040:
4963:
4926:
4906:
4836:
4503:
3816:
3315:
The Westminster Dictionary of New Testament and Early Christian Literature and Rhetoric
1751:
1367:, also called the Protoevangelium, which was the first to introduce the concept of the
1325:
went further, stating that there must be four gospels and only four because there were
485:
392:
6217:
3360:. Library of New Testament Studies. Vol. 315. London; New York: T & T Clark.
1528:
Aramaic version of Matthew, possibly lacking the first two chapters; Jewish-Christian
667:
has largely failed to distinguish the original ideas of Jesus from those of the later
9183:
9130:
9002:
8868:
8788:
8679:
8664:
8659:
8619:
8574:
8559:
8375:
8254:
8160:
8084:
7983:
7956:
7875:
7823:
7773:
7532:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7480:
7470:
7419:
7071:
6990:
6985:
6939:
6879:
6748:
6544:
5929:
5850:
5788:
5563:
5372:
5367:
5140:
5050:
4993:
4814:
4804:
4654:
4539:
4509:
4479:
4460:
4437:
4414:
4393:
4372:
4351:
4298:
4276:
4252:
4231:
4208:
4185:
4164:
4138:
4094:
4073:
4054:
4033:
4010:
3989:
3968:
3945:
3922:
3899:
3855:
3833:
3785:
3764:
3729:
3708:
3687:
3666:
3645:
3607:
3574:
3553:
3532:
3491:
3468:
3447:
3426:
3405:
3382:
3361:
3342:
3319:
3298:
3277:
3256:
3235:
2978:
2691:
1849:
1712:
1704:
1322:
1314:
1181:
923:
880:
695:
652:
569:
491:
324:
149:
47:
6934:
3358:
Other Early Christian Gospels: A Critical Edition of the Surviving Greek Manuscripts
9274:
8873:
8853:
8694:
8684:
8652:
8647:
8612:
8592:
8526:
8119:
7961:
7936:
7515:
7475:
6831:
6771:
6159:
6144:
5845:
5825:
5820:
5803:
5783:
5548:
5443:
5425:
5357:
5345:
5303:
5242:
5227:
5118:
5006:
4799:
4744:
4724:
4704:
3882:
3808:
2683:
1982:
1969:
1834:
1819:
1571:
1400:
1376:
1318:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1220:
1195:
1135:
1118:
1030:
1005:
994:
896:
726:
683:
664:
656:
476:
446:
331:
303:
208:
139:
81:
4505:
The Fourfold Gospel: A Theological Reading of the New Testament Portraits of Jesus
2011:
demonstrates, there is no guarantee that the gospels are historically accurate. (
1622:. It had been lost but was discovered, in a Coptic version dating from c. 350, at
9198:
9161:
8748:
8726:
8581:
8328:
8234:
8025:
7723:
7204:
7106:
7044:
6786:
6737:
6283:
5938:
5340:
5318:
5272:
4819:
4779:
4754:
4684:
4659:
4644:
4533:
4408:
4366:
4270:
4246:
4200:
4179:
4156:
4048:
4004:
3779:
3723:
3681:
3660:
3639:
3568:
3547:
3483:
3462:
3441:
3420:
3376:
3313:
3229:
1844:
1759:
Contradicts the ministry of Jesus in canonical New Testament and strongly denies
1737:
1644:
1546:
1364:
1360:
1235:
1085:, the four gospels were written in Greek. The Gospel of Mark probably dates from
746:
742:
734:
730:
376:
4157:"The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story"
9253:
9193:
9052:
8953:
8813:
8803:
8798:
8793:
8324:
8224:
8020:
7909:
7855:
7788:
7768:
7527:
7368:
7208:
7194:
7169:
7164:
6955:
6929:
6859:
6674:
6576:
6571:
6554:
6494:
6388:
6335:
6164:
6084:
5933:
5576:
5558:
5492:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5101:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4872:
4848:
4809:
4759:
4739:
4709:
4689:
4674:
4669:
4649:
4615:
3743:
1839:
1657:
1563:
1504:
1473:
Events in the life of Jesus; Jewish-Christian, with possible gnostic overtones
1411:
1261:
1231:
892:
888:
884:
866:
754:
738:
707:
699:
691:
687:
633:
613:
603:
164:
159:
154:
3486:. In Kingsbury, Jack Dean; Powell, Mark Allan Powell; Bauer, David R. (eds.).
3443:
Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching
9268:
9012:
8997:
8775:
8753:
8721:
8546:
8249:
8180:
8030:
7738:
7378:
7373:
7111:
7048:
7037:
6924:
6811:
6714:
6702:
6566:
6539:
6479:
5958:
5778:
5323:
5132:
5001:
4867:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4764:
4734:
4632:
4312:
4290:
4266:
4152:
3886:
3747:
3635:
3621:
3597:
3228:
Alexander, Loveday (2006). "What is a Gospel?". In Barton, Stephen C. (ed.).
2695:
1814:
1559:
1082:
927:
675:
660:
175:
101:
4566:
3590:
The New Testament. A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings
9135:
9113:
9086:
8958:
8915:
8554:
8062:
8010:
7941:
7931:
7612:
7544:
7409:
7305:
7136:
7066:
6944:
6753:
6724:
6591:
6288:
6031:
5990:
5581:
5481:
5410:
5312:
4774:
4769:
4729:
4699:
4679:
4627:
4347:
3917:. In Levine, Amy-Jill; Allison, Dale C. Jr.; Crossan, John Dominic (eds.).
3704:
Solving the Synoptic Puzzle: Introducing the Case for the Farrer Hypothesis
1253:
944:
711:
621:
512:
5597:
2930:
9119:
8970:
8704:
8364:
8114:
8077:
7926:
7778:
7753:
7650:
6776:
6637:
6608:
6549:
6524:
6519:
6383:
6298:
6192:
6173:
5882:
5464:
5060:
4978:
4973:
4887:
4882:
4714:
4575: ā covering about 1200 variants on 2000 pages (archived 8 June 2008)
2687:
1670:
1623:
1046:
954:
777:
773:
758:
5298:
706:", and additional material unique to each. There is near-consensus that
9140:
8640:
8212:
7951:
7748:
7404:
7336:
7156:
6906:
6854:
6659:
6489:
6134:
5963:
5907:
5902:
5453:
3820:
1940:
In "Jesus Remembered (2003), Dunn asesses "what 'goes back to Jesus'."
1829:
1420:
1407:
1298:
1211:
1185:
1155:
1010:
810:
625:
200:
70:
42:
9205:
8369:
8217:
8052:
8042:
8035:
7993:
7988:
7783:
7743:
7151:
7101:
7027:
7022:
6796:
6781:
6509:
6499:
6202:
6188:
5912:
4968:
4584:
1558:
elements. It is a narrative gospel and is notable for asserting that
1215:
1140:
998:
694:
was the first to be written, using a variety of sources, followed by
585:
3812:
3799:
HonorƩ, A.M. (1986). "A statistical study of the synoptic problem".
3422:
An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity
1499:"Salome" figures prominently; Jewish-Christian stressing asceticism
1313:ā160), who established a canon of his own with just one gospel, the
663:"we have a good idea of his public career.". Critical study on the
7758:
7627:
6995:
6874:
6514:
6293:
6207:
5953:
5943:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5475:
5045:
5032:
5011:
4958:
4953:
4346:. Translated by Winston, Richard; Winston, Clara. Garden City, NY:
1854:
1716:
1424:
1151:
1147:
1131:
1127:
1122:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1050:
703:
4474:
Valantasis, Richard; Bleyle, Douglas K.; Haugh, Dennis C. (2009).
874:
9146:
9030:
8458:
8067:
8047:
7904:
7793:
7032:
6962:
6622:
6586:
5487:
5352:
4561:
4050:
A Marginal Jew. Volume 1: The roots of the problem and the person
2702:
2044:
2042:
1919:
1792:
1777:
1732:
Allegedly a longer version of Mark written for an elect audience
1611:
1555:
1303:
1227:
1190:
1065:
The Synoptic sources: the Gospel of Mark (the triple tradition),
824:
690:
and written transmission. According to the majority of scholars,
519:
196:
4026:"Salvation Today: Reading Luke's Message for a Gentile Audience"
917:
856:
850:
844:
838:
9210:
9166:
7274:
6048:
5968:
5458:
4719:
1679:
1678:
Gospel harmony (and the first such gospel harmony) composed by
1203:
2299:
2297:
2039:
1639:
Miraculous deeds of Jesus between the ages of five and twelve
8515:
8000:
7460:
7399:
7356:
6596:
4619:
3051:
2906:
2161:
2159:
1683:
828:
787:
679:
629:
607:
579:
573:
80:"Evangel" redirects here. For the authors of the Gospel, see
4573:
A detailed discussion of the textual variants in the gospels
4368:
Jesus in the Gospels and Acts: Introducing the New Testament
2329:
2327:
1260:
You are probably familiar with the old birthday party game "
1069:(the double tradition), and material unique to Matthew (the
2294:
1234:, with different scholars coming to different conclusions.
1014:
2991:
2726:
2576:
2540:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2359:
2357:
2239:
2237:
2156:
1952:
1950:
1936:
1934:
4003:
Lindars, Barnabas; Edwards, Ruth; Court, John M. (2000).
3273:
The Riddles of the Fourth Gospel: An Introduction to John
3075:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2344:
2342:
2324:
2284:
2282:
2222:
2146:
2144:
1416:
786:, meaning "good news"; this may be seen from analysis of
8484:
3193:
2894:
2858:
2636:
2314:
2312:
2071:
2069:
3742:
3461:
Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005).
3181:
3163:
3039:
2954:
2882:
2774:
2440:
2411:
2389:
2387:
2354:
2234:
2195:
2193:
1947:
1931:
1877:
1875:
997:, calls disciples, teaches and heals and confronts the
674:
The canonical gospels are the four which appear in the
7214:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
4476:
The Gospels and Christian Life in History and Practice
4070:
The New Testament: Its Background, Growth, and Content
3169:
2846:
2798:
2786:
2738:
2624:
2612:
2600:
2516:
2487:
2399:
2374:
2372:
2339:
2279:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2141:
2116:
2114:
2086:
2084:
2054:
1486:
Jewish-Christian, embodying anti-sacrificial concerns
1158:; they do not seem familiar with the original Hebrew.
109:
4473:
4110:
The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text
3830:
The Writings of the New Testament ā An Interpretation
3516:
Christianity in the making Volume 1. Jesus Remembered
3087:
3015:
3003:
2936:
2918:
2870:
2810:
2750:
2714:
2648:
2588:
2528:
2504:
2475:
2428:
2309:
2101:
2099:
2066:
1336:
3063:
3027:
2942:
2384:
2269:
2267:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2190:
2007:
As Luke's attempt to link the birth of Jesus to the
1872:
1773:
4455:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
4002:
3205:
2834:
2822:
2708:
2369:
2254:
2252:
2171:
2111:
2081:
1388:
Passion, resurrection and post-resurrection gospels
1285:
1161:
901:"Four Gospels" redirects here. For other uses, see
4161:The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation
3940:. In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.).
3337:. In Bockmuehl, Markus; Hagner, Donald A. (eds.).
2564:
2096:
1665:Fragmentary, four episodes from the life of Jesus
2552:
2264:
2205:
1699:Birth and early life of Mary, and birth of Jesus
1045:at the beginning rather than at the end, and the
805:
799:
793:
781:
9266:
4323:. EncyclopƦdia Britannica Online. Archived from
3603:Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium
3488:Who Do You Say that I Am?: Essays on Christology
3460:
3127:
3108:
2672:"The Alleged Anonymity of the Canonical Gospels"
2249:
2048:
1541:Jesus' trial, crucifixion and descent into Hell
4224:"Language and Translation of the New Testament"
3896:Jesus, Criteria, and the Demise of Authenticity
3761:The New Testament Canon: Its Making and Meaning
1975:
1892:
1890:
1134:(Luke). Mark, Matthew, and Luke are called the
875:Canonical gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke and John
8836:Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament
3894:Keith, Chris; Le Donne, Anthony, eds. (2012).
3683:The Apocryphal Gospels: Texts and Translations
3527:. In Dunn, James D.G.; McKnight, Scot (eds.).
3402:Routledge Encyclopedia of the Historical Jesus
1375:(not to be confused with the unrelated Coptic
1017:; it originally ended at Mark 16:8 and had no
855:"news"). The Old English term was retained as
8500:
8174:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
7873:
7290:
5613:
4600:
4226:. In Rogerson, J.W.; Lieu, Judith M. (eds.).
3893:
3722:Fant, Clyde E.; Reddish, Mitchell E. (2008).
3464:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
3294:The New Testament in its literary environment
2665:
2663:
2461:"Jesus as God in the Synoptics (For members)"
2228:
2135:
545:
4406:
3781:The Synoptic Problem: A Way Through the Maze
2912:
1887:
1579:Mystical reflections of the disciple Philip
568:Fragment of a flyleaf with the title of the
5627:
4410:The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide
3721:
3679:
3484:"The Christology of the Johannine Writings"
3057:
2997:
832:
818:
8831:New Testament places associated with Jesus
8826:Historical background of the New Testament
8507:
8493:
7297:
7283:
5620:
5606:
4607:
4593:
4181:Reading the New Testament: An Introduction
3875:Journal for the Study of the New Testament
2977:. Cambridge University Press. p. ix.
2669:
2660:
1363:: arose in the 2nd century, including the
916:
552:
538:
4201:"The Diatessaron and the Fourfold Gospel"
3854:. T&T Clark. p. 25-48 at 39-40.
3481:
3227:
2422:
2060:
2023:New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible
1607:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church
1592:Fragmentary account of Jesus' last hours
714:thought to have been circulated within a
9158:Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)
4531:
4427:
4289:
4198:
3827:
3777:
3355:
3269:
3093:
2756:
2618:
2606:
2446:
2434:
2405:
2348:
2150:
2001:
1896:The Gospels are a-historical documents:
1346:
1060:
922:The first page of the Gospel of Mark in
563:
66:Books on the life and teachings of Jesus
7038:Fostering of early experimental science
4535:Christianity: A Very Short Introduction
4522:
4450:
4407:Theissen, Gerd; Merz, Annette (1998) .
4385:
4339:
4311:
4265:
4244:
4228:The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies
4177:
4151:
4107:
4067:
4023:
3981:
3958:
3754:. HarperSanFrancisco. pp. 471ā532.
3634:
3620:
3545:
3529:The Historical Jesus in Recent Research
3418:
3211:
3175:
3081:
3021:
3009:
2924:
2900:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2804:
2768:
2744:
2732:
2720:
2630:
2546:
2522:
2498:
2333:
2318:
2303:
2288:
2184:
2165:
2075:
2019:, vol 3: the Early Roman Period, 1984;
2012:
1956:
1905:
1899:
1881:
1804:The Aquarian Gospel of Jesus the Christ
1004:Matthew, Mark, and Luke are termed the
837:. In Old English, it was translated as
640:and concluding with various reports of
14:
9267:
7142:Fundamentalist ā Modernist controversy
4614:
4501:
4492:
4434:The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels
4364:
4221:
4130:
4116:
4086:
3912:
3798:
3758:
3658:
3596:
3587:
3566:
3374:
3332:
3231:The Cambridge Companion to the Gospels
3199:
3187:
3069:
3033:
2972:
2948:
2888:
2816:
2654:
2642:
2594:
2582:
2534:
2510:
2481:
2458:
2378:
2363:
2199:
2120:
2090:
1911:
1292:Development of the New Testament canon
1226:Assessments of the reliability of the
8488:
7278:
5601:
4588:
4046:
3868:
3846:
3439:
3395:
3248:
3164:Funk, Hoover & Jesus Seminar 1993
3151:
3139:
2840:
2792:
2393:
2273:
2216:
2027:Abingdon Press, 2008. pp. 42, 269ā70.
1317:, similar to the Gospel of Luke. The
1168:Historical reliability of the Gospels
3935:
3680:Ehrman, Bart; Plese, Zlatko (2011).
3522:
3513:
3504:
3311:
3290:
3045:
2960:
2828:
2780:
2570:
2258:
2243:
2105:
1995:
1988:
1941:
1925:
1121:, and probably not the hypothesized
710:had its origins as the hypothetical
118:, showing 2 Cor 11:33ā12:9
26:
5539:Other books referenced in the Bible
5498:New Testament manuscript categories
3700:
2937:Valantasis, Bleyle & Haugh 2009
2558:
24:
9149:(traditional maternal grandfather)
9143:(traditional maternal grandmother)
5069:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
4389:The Theology of the Gospel of Mark
2676:The Journal of Theological Studies
1337:Non-canonical (apocryphal) gospels
25:
9306:
4554:
3662:The Lost Gospel of Judas Iscariot
2709:Lindars, Edwards & Court 2000
1686:, but was eventually suppressed.
865:and hence remains in use also in
863:Middle English Bible translations
642:his post-resurrection appearances
9249:
9248:
8469:
8468:
8457:
7585:State church of the Roman Empire
7304:
4560:
4457:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
3832:(3rd ed.). Fortress Press.
3750:(1993). "The Gospel of Thomas".
3381:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp.
2670:Gathercole, Simon (2018-10-01).
2017:The Cambridge History of Judaism
1776:
1296:The oldest gospel text known is
1286:Textual history and canonisation
1162:Genre and historical reliability
518:
506:
108:
31:
9155:(paternal grandfather per Luke)
7568:First seven ecumenical councils
5554:Biblical and Quranic narratives
4432:. In Barton, Stephen C. (ed.).
4340:Schoeps, Hans-Joachim (1968) .
4163:. Westminster John Knox Press.
4028:. In Porter, Stanley E. (ed.).
3963:. In Porter, Stanley E. (ed.).
3919:The Historical Jesus in Context
3828:Johnson, Luke Timothy (2010a).
3490:. Westminster John Knox Press.
3318:. Westminster John Knox Press.
3297:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2966:
2459:Ehrman, Bart (April 13, 2014).
2452:
1962:
1466:Gospel According to the Hebrews
8859:Quest for the historical Jesus
8435:Relations with other religions
7841:Church of the East (Nestorian)
7836:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
7001:Separation of church and state
6670:Formal and material principles
6655:Separation of church and state
4436:. Cambridge University Press.
4392:. Cambridge University Press.
4295:The Historical Figure of Jesus
4272:The Historical Figure of Jesus
4248:An Introduction to The Gospels
4137:. Cambridge University Press.
4134:The Living Text of the Gospels
3921:. Princeton University Press.
3552:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
3425:. Cambridge University Press.
3234:. Cambridge University Press.
1610:While it can be understood in
1172:Quest for the historical Jesus
1056:
114:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
13:
1:
6665:Hymnody of continental Europe
5816:Apostles in the New Testament
4451:Tuckett, Christopher (2000).
4199:Petersen, William L. (2010).
2033:
1307:
1086:
1019:post-resurrection appearances
903:Four Gospels (disambiguation)
589:
9280:Books of Christian biography
4478:. Rowman & Littlefield.
4203:. In Horton, Charles (ed.).
3549:The Gospel according to Mark
3400:. In Evans, Craig A. (ed.).
3356:Bernhard, Andrew E. (2006).
3252:Reading the Synoptic Gospels
3128:Cross & Livingstone 2005
3109:Cross & Livingstone 2005
2049:Cross & Livingstone 2005
813:suffix). The Greek term was
764:
749:(the first to introduce the
580:
7:
8142:Views on poverty and wealth
6113:Eastern Orthodox opposition
4538:. Oxford University Press.
4428:Thompson, Marianne (2006).
4230:. Oxford University Press.
4222:Porter, Stanley E. (2006).
3985:Gospel According to St John
3944:. Oxford University Press.
3725:Lost Treasures of the Bible
3686:. Oxford University Press.
3665:. Oxford University Press.
3644:. Oxford University Press.
3606:. Oxford University Press.
3573:. Oxford University Press.
3482:Culpepper, R. Alan (1999).
3467:. Oxford University Press.
3341:. Oxford University Press.
3333:Beaton, Richard C. (2005).
1769:
1440:
1385:Sayings gospels and agrapha
988:
751:perpetual virginity of Mary
575:ĪµĻ
Ī±Ī³Ī³ĪµĪ»Ī¹ĪæĪ½ ĪŗĢ£Ī±ĻĢ£Ī± Ī¼Ī±Īøį¾½ĪøĪ±Ī¹ĪæĪ½
40:It has been suggested that
10:
9311:
8809:Five Discourses of Matthew
8387:World Evangelical Alliance
8349:Traditionalist Catholicism
6130:Art patronage of Julius II
5534:English Bible translations
4922:Song of the Three Children
4365:Scholz, Daniel J. (2009).
4245:Reddish, Mitchell (2011).
3592:. Oxford University Press.
3546:Edwards, James R. (2002).
3375:Boring, M. Eugene (2006).
3270:Anderson, Paul N. (2011).
3220:
1340:
1289:
1165:
900:
878:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
647:The gospels are a kind of
608:
581:Euangelion kata Maththaion
574:
79:
68:
9244:
9176:
9095:
9021:
8944:
8901:
8844:
8774:
8540:
8522:
8514:
8452:
8402:
8382:World Council of Churches
8357:
8275:
8159:
8150:
8105:
7890:
7874:
7869:Latter Day Saint movement
7854:
7814:
7714:
7695:
7641:
7598:
7543:
7449:
7428:
7387:
7355:
7312:
7222:
7057:
6976:
6905:
6840:
6762:
6693:
6633:CalvinistāArminian debate
6607:
6374:
6257:
6093:
5984:
5866:
5764:
5653:
5635:
5572:
5516:
5434:
5388:
5286:
5131:
5094:
5059:
5030:
4992:
4937:
4844:
4828:
4626:
4159:. In Barton, John (ed.).
4030:Reading the Gospels Today
3988:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
3965:Reading the Gospels Today
3913:Levine, Amy-Jill (2009).
3523:Dunn, James D.G. (2005).
3419:Burkett, Delbert (2002).
3249:Allen, O. Wesley (2013).
3166:, "The Gospel of Thomas".
2229:Keith & Le Donne 2012
2136:Keith & Le Donne 2012
1327:four corners of the Earth
978:
970:
960:
950:
940:
935:
915:
910:
472:New Testament manuscripts
9036:In comparative mythology
8410:Anti-Christian sentiment
7590:Christian biblical canon
7122:Christian existentialism
4532:Woodhead, Linda (2004).
4502:Watson, Francis (2016).
4343:The Religions of Mankind
4006:The Johannine Literature
3982:Lincoln, Andrew (2005).
3959:Lincoln, Andrew (2004).
3887:10.1177/0142064X16637777
3588:Ehrman, Bart D. (1997).
3567:Ehrman, Bart D. (1996).
3514:Dunn, James D.G (2003).
3111:, "Gospel of St. Peter".
2973:Barber, Michael (2023).
2913:Theissen & Merz 1998
1866:
1860:Jewish-Christian gospels
1692:Protoevangelium of James
1632:Infancy Gospel of Thomas
1616:parable of the empty jar
1373:Infancy Gospel of Thomas
57:Proposed since May 2024.
9189:Interactions with women
8464:Christianity portal
7623:Investiture Controversy
5629:History of Christianity
5396:Intertestamental period
4321:EncyclopƦdia Britannica
4178:Perkins, Pheme (2012).
4117:Pagels, Elaine (1989).
4068:Metzger, Bruce (2003).
4047:Meier, John P. (1991).
4024:Martens, Allan (2004).
3778:Goodacre, Mark (2001).
3440:Casey, Maurice (2010).
3396:Burge, Gary M. (2014).
3312:Aune, David E. (2003).
3291:Aune, David E. (1987).
3058:Ehrman & Plese 2011
2998:Fant & Reddish 2008
1810:Authorship of the Bible
1620:parable of the assassin
1598:Coptic Gospel of Thomas
1521:Gospel of the Nazareans
1492:Gospel of the Egyptians
1479:Gospel of the Ebionites
1453:Epistle of the Apostles
1343:New Testament apocrypha
1331:euangelion tetramorphon
1043:cleansing of the Temple
857:
851:
845:
839:
620:) originally meant the
525:Christianity portal
75:Gospel (disambiguation)
9199:Mary, sister of Martha
8819:Oral gospel traditions
8415:Christian universalism
7806:Western Rite Orthodoxy
7651:Protestant Reformation
7190:Fourth Great Awakening
7077:Second Great Awakening
6316:Fall of Constantinople
6108:Development of primacy
5380:Apocalyptic literature
5017:Paralipomena of Baruch
4565:Quotations related to
4493:Vermes, Geza (2013) .
4386:Telford, W.R. (1999).
4371:. Saint Mary's Press.
4108:Nolland, John (2005).
4090:New Testament Theology
3759:Gamble, Harry (1985).
3518:. William B. Eerdmans.
1798:Apocalyptic literature
1352:
1266:
1249:
1139:circulated within the
1078:
833:
827:, and translated into
819:
617:
596:
73:. For other uses, see
9290:Christian terminology
8926:Life of Christ Museum
8921:Life of Christ in art
8073:Anointing of the Sick
7185:Reformed epistemology
7127:Third Great Awakening
7097:Seventh-day Adventist
7018:First Great Awakening
6891:Book of Common Prayer
6685:Protestant work ethic
6228:Independent Catholics
6179:Monastery dissolution
5544:Additional Scriptures
5508:New Testament uncials
4525:Biblitheca Orientalis
4131:Parker, D.C. (1997).
4087:Morris, Leon (1986).
3936:Lieu, Judith (2005).
3869:Keith, Chris (2016).
3659:Ehrman, Bart (2006).
3130:, "Gospel of Thomas".
2939:, pp. 7, 10, 14.
1725:Secret Gospel of Mark
1585:Gospel of the Saviour
1350:
1258:
1240:
1081:Like the rest of the
1064:
723:non-canonical gospels
567:
9295:Greek-language books
8742:Sayings on the cross
8700:Entry into Jerusalem
8394:Nondenominationalism
8267:Role in civilization
7734:Independent Catholic
7676:Relations with Islam
7656:Catholic Reformation
7008:Edicts of toleration
6817:Three Forms of Unity
6582:Bohemian Reformation
6155:Catholic Reformation
6012:Roman state religion
5831:Council of Jerusalem
5529:Bible version debate
5503:New Testament papyri
5449:Samaritan Pentateuch
5074:Testament of Abraham
5012:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
4495:Christian Beginnings
4205:The Earliest Gospels
3335:"How Matthew Writes"
2585:, pp. 117, 123.
2306:, pp. 108, 144.
1825:Fifth gospel (genre)
1351:The Gospel of Thomas
482:Johannine literature
183:Acts of the Apostles
116:New Testament papyri
50:into this article. (
9231:Race and appearance
9169:(traditional uncle)
9075:Jesus the Splendour
8717:Agony in the Garden
8632:Sermon on the Mount
8440:Unlimited atonement
8425:Cultural Christians
7864:Jehovah's Witnesses
7486:Sermon on the Mount
7415:Christian tradition
7342:Lists of Christians
7180:Liberation theology
7087:Jehovah's Witnesses
6920:Radical Reformation
6648:Resistance theories
6535:Christian mysticism
6530:Early Scholasticism
6242:Ecclesial community
6140:Counter-Reformation
6005:Constantinian shift
5471:Muratorian fragment
5406:New Testament canon
5401:Old Testament canon
5294:Chapters and verses
4912:Additions to Daniel
4878:Additions to Esther
4579:Greek New Testament
4120:The Gnostic Gospels
3641:Lost Christianities
3048:, pp. 199ā200.
2783:, pp. 243ā245.
2735:, pp. 124ā125.
2246:, pp. 371ā372.
2009:census of Quirinius
1998:, "Gospel of John".
1784:Christianity portal
1534:Gospel of Nicodemus
1437:
1369:Perpetual Virginity
776:translation of the
716:Johannine community
467:New Testament canon
9216:Rejection of Jesus
8893:Christ myth theory
8710:Farewell Discourse
8285:Crusading movement
7553:Ante-Nicene period
7254:Oriental Orthodoxy
6897:King James Version
6709:Ninety-five Theses
6505:Apostolic Brethren
6279:Church of the East
6274:Oriental Orthodoxy
6120:Crusading movement
5640:Early Christianity
5084:Testament of Jacob
5079:Testament of Isaac
4964:Prayer of Manasseh
4927:Bel and the Dragon
4907:Letter of Jeremiah
4508:. Baker Academic.
4413:. Fortress Press.
4251:. Abingdon Press.
3942:The Written Gospel
3763:. Fortress Press.
3746:; Hoover, Roy W.;
3707:. Wipf and Stock.
3701:Eve, Eric (2021).
3378:Mark: A Commentary
3339:The Written Gospel
3276:. Fortress Press.
3084:, pp. xiāxii.
2963:, p. 130-131.
2688:10.1093/jts/fly113
2645:, pp. 95ā147.
2549:, p. 148-149.
2336:, pp. 13, 42.
2168:, p. 261ā262.
1752:Gospel of Barnabas
1652:Joys of Salvation
1444:Probable date
1435:
1353:
1130:(Matthew) and the
1079:
1049:on the day before
597:
393:Book of Revelation
9262:
9261:
9184:Language of Jesus
9131:Brothers of Jesus
9003:Session of Christ
8879:Mara bar Serapion
8680:Great Commandment
8575:Flight into Egypt
8482:
8481:
8448:
8447:
8376:Charta Oecumenica
7886:
7885:
7876:Iglesia ni Cristo
7691:
7690:
7671:French Revolution
7661:Thirty Years' War
7533:Apostolic fathers
7501:Great Commandment
7272:
7271:
7249:Eastern Orthodoxy
7117:Finnish Awakening
7072:Holiness movement
7013:Congregationalism
6972:
6971:
6832:Metrical psalters
6269:Eastern Orthodoxy
6213:Neo-Scholasticism
5920:Canon development
5821:Jewish Christians
5595:
5594:
5564:Textual criticism
5127:
5126:
5051:Psalms of Solomon
4994:Orthodox Tewahedo
4485:978-0-7425-7069-6
4453:"Gospel, Gospels"
4420:978-1-4514-0863-8
4357:978-0-385-04080-8
4184:. Paulist Press.
4170:978-0-521-48593-7
4100:978-0-310-45571-4
4060:978-0-385-26425-9
4016:978-1-84127-081-4
4009:. A&C Black.
3951:978-0-521-83285-4
3938:"How John Writes"
3898:. T&T Clark.
3801:Novum Testamentum
3784:. A&C Black.
3770:978-0-8006-0470-7
3630:. Harper Collins.
3580:978-0-19-976357-3
3453:978-0-567-64517-3
3446:. T&T Clark.
3432:978-0-521-00720-7
3388:978-0-664-22107-2
3348:978-0-521-83285-4
3325:978-0-664-25018-8
3304:978-0-664-25018-8
3255:. Chalice Press.
3202:, p. passim.
3190:, pp. 30ā35.
3060:, p. passim.
2915:, pp. 36ā37.
2903:, pp. 21ā22.
2891:, pp. 75ā76.
2867:, pp. 7, 52.
2795:, pp. 43ā44.
2366:, pp. 13ā14.
1850:Gospel of Marcion
1767:
1766:
1713:Marcion of Sinope
1705:Gospel of Marcion
1658:Papyrus Egerton 2
1371:of Mary, and the
1323:Irenaeus of Lyons
1315:Gospel of Marcion
1196:biblical scholars
1182:ancient biography
986:
985:
911:Canonical Gospels
881:Gospel of Matthew
778:Hellenistic Greek
669:Christian authors
657:biblical scholars
653:ancient biography
632:, culminating in
570:Gospel of Matthew
562:
561:
492:Pastoral epistles
325:Catholic epistles
64:
63:
59:
16:(Redirected from
9302:
9285:Christian genres
9252:
9251:
9127:(alleged father)
8981:Person of Christ
8854:Historical Jesus
8685:Olivet Discourse
8613:Great Commission
8509:
8502:
8495:
8486:
8485:
8472:
8471:
8462:
8461:
8305:Environmentalism
8255:Church buildings
8157:
8156:
7972:Eastern Orthodox
7967:Eastern Catholic
7879:
7878:
7846:Eastern Catholic
7824:Eastern Orthodox
7712:
7711:
7633:Age of Discovery
7618:EastāWest Schism
7516:Great Commission
7447:
7446:
7299:
7292:
7285:
7276:
7275:
6691:
6690:
6078:Non-Chalcedonian
6059:Constantinople I
5851:General epistles
5846:Pauline epistles
5826:Paul the Apostle
5804:Great Commission
5622:
5615:
5608:
5599:
5598:
5444:Dead Sea Scrolls
5426:Dating the Bible
5304:Historical books
4941:Eastern Orthodox
4854:Eastern Orthodox
4842:
4841:
4835:
4609:
4602:
4595:
4586:
4585:
4564:
4549:
4528:
4519:
4498:
4489:
4470:
4447:
4430:"Gospel of John"
4424:
4403:
4382:
4361:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4308:
4286:
4262:
4241:
4218:
4195:
4174:
4148:
4127:
4125:
4113:
4104:
4083:
4079:978-068-705-2639
4064:
4043:
4020:
3999:
3978:
3955:
3932:
3909:
3890:
3865:
3843:
3824:
3795:
3774:
3755:
3752:The five gospels
3739:
3718:
3697:
3676:
3655:
3631:
3627:Misquoting Jesus
3617:
3593:
3584:
3563:
3542:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3478:
3457:
3436:
3415:
3398:"Gospel of John"
3392:
3371:
3352:
3329:
3308:
3287:
3266:
3245:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3197:
3191:
3185:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3112:
3106:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3073:
3067:
3061:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3013:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2667:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2538:
2532:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2496:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2467:. Archived from
2456:
2450:
2444:
2438:
2432:
2426:
2420:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2382:
2376:
2367:
2361:
2352:
2346:
2337:
2331:
2322:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2169:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2103:
2094:
2088:
2079:
2073:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2028:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1983:Synoptic problem
1979:
1973:
1970:Simon Gathercole
1966:
1960:
1954:
1945:
1938:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1894:
1885:
1879:
1835:Gospel (liturgy)
1820:Dating the Bible
1786:
1781:
1780:
1572:Gospel of Philip
1438:
1434:
1401:Jewish-Christian
1382:Ministry gospels
1377:Gospel of Thomas
1319:Muratorian canon
1312:
1309:
1301:
1279:historical Jesus
1275:Historical Jesus
1271:early Christians
1221:Beloved Disciple
1136:synoptic gospels
1119:Gospel of Thomas
1091:
1088:
1006:synoptic gospels
995:John the Baptist
920:
908:
907:
897:Four Evangelists
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
834:bona annuntiatio
822:
809:
808:
803:
802:
797:
796:
791:
790:
785:
784:
755:gospel harmonies
745:such as that of
684:Four Evangelists
665:Historical Jesus
611:
610:
594:
591:
583:
577:
576:
554:
547:
540:
523:
522:
513:Bible portal
511:
510:
509:
477:Synoptic Gospels
447:Petrine epistles
434:Pauline epistles
209:Pauline epistles
140:Four Evangelists
112:
87:
86:
82:Four Evangelists
55:
35:
34:
27:
21:
9310:
9309:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9301:
9300:
9299:
9265:
9264:
9263:
9258:
9240:
9172:
9091:
9023:In other faiths
9017:
8940:
8936:Transfiguration
8897:
8840:
8770:
8670:Transfiguration
8544:
8536:
8518:
8513:
8483:
8478:
8456:
8444:
8398:
8353:
8271:
8152:
8146:
8101:
8026:One true church
7882:
7850:
7810:
7699:
7687:
7637:
7594:
7539:
7466:in Christianity
7452:
7438:
7432:
7424:
7383:
7359:
7351:
7308:
7303:
7273:
7268:
7218:
7205:Christian right
7107:Oxford Movement
7082:Restorationists
7053:
6968:
6901:
6836:
6787:Presbyterianism
6758:
6738:Book of Concord
6689:
6613:
6611:
6603:
6370:
6260:
6253:
6089:
5988:
5980:
5939:Clement of Rome
5869:
5862:
5766:
5760:
5649:
5631:
5626:
5596:
5591:
5568:
5512:
5430:
5421:Christian canon
5384:
5319:Prophetic books
5282:
5213:2 Thessalonians
5208:1 Thessalonians
5123:
5090:
5055:
5026:
4988:
4947:
4933:
4861:
4833:
4832:
4824:
4635:
4631:
4622:
4613:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4516:
4486:
4467:
4444:
4421:
4400:
4379:
4358:
4330:
4328:
4305:
4283:
4259:
4238:
4215:
4192:
4171:
4145:
4126:. Random House.
4123:
4101:
4080:
4061:
4040:
4017:
3996:
3975:
3952:
3929:
3906:
3862:
3840:
3813:10.2307/1560364
3807:(2/3): 95ā147.
3792:
3771:
3744:Funk, Robert W.
3736:
3715:
3694:
3673:
3652:
3636:Ehrman, Bart D.
3622:Ehrman, Bart D.
3614:
3598:Ehrman, Bart D.
3581:
3560:
3539:
3531:. Eisenbrauns.
3525:"The Tradition"
3498:
3475:
3454:
3433:
3412:
3389:
3368:
3349:
3326:
3305:
3284:
3263:
3242:
3223:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3138:
3134:
3126:
3115:
3107:
3100:
3092:
3088:
3080:
3076:
3068:
3064:
3056:
3052:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2923:
2919:
2911:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2791:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2767:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2719:
2715:
2707:
2703:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2641:
2637:
2629:
2625:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2569:
2565:
2557:
2553:
2545:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:, pp. 1ā3.
2509:
2505:
2497:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2421:
2412:
2404:
2400:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2250:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2172:
2164:
2157:
2149:
2142:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2047:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2006:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1948:
1939:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1845:Gospel in Islam
1782:
1775:
1772:
1738:Gospel of Judas
1645:Gospel of Truth
1547:Gospel of Peter
1365:Gospel of James
1361:Infancy gospels
1345:
1339:
1310:
1297:
1294:
1288:
1247:about with him.
1238:believed that
1236:James D.G. Dunn
1174:
1166:Main articles:
1164:
1089:
1059:
1039:transfiguration
991:
931:
906:
899:
879:Main articles:
877:
767:
743:infancy gospels
592:
558:
529:
517:
507:
505:
497:
496:
462:
461:
452:
451:
443:
427:
423:Johannine works
410:
409:
398:
397:
384:
381:
370:
349:
321:
313:
297:
281:
277:2 Thessalonians
272:1 Thessalonians
265:
249:
233:
204:
203:
188:
187:
172:
169:
135:
134:
119:
100:
85:
78:
67:
60:
36:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9308:
9298:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9260:
9259:
9257:
9256:
9245:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9202:
9201:
9196:
9194:Mary Magdalene
9186:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9170:
9164:
9159:
9156:
9150:
9144:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9122:
9117:
9116:(legal father)
9111:
9105:
9099:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9078:
9077:
9067:
9062:
9061:
9060:
9050:
9049:
9048:
9038:
9033:
9027:
9025:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9015:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8968:
8967:
8966:
8961:
8950:
8948:
8942:
8941:
8939:
8938:
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8889:
8888:
8887:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8861:
8850:
8848:
8842:
8841:
8839:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8822:
8821:
8816:
8814:Gospel harmony
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8780:
8778:
8772:
8771:
8769:
8768:
8763:
8758:
8757:
8756:
8746:
8745:
8744:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8713:
8712:
8702:
8697:
8692:
8687:
8682:
8677:
8672:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8656:
8655:
8645:
8644:
8643:
8629:
8628:
8627:
8617:
8616:
8615:
8610:
8600:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8557:
8551:
8549:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8532:List of topics
8529:
8523:
8520:
8519:
8512:
8511:
8504:
8497:
8489:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8476:
8466:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8443:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8412:
8406:
8404:
8400:
8399:
8397:
8396:
8391:
8390:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8367:
8361:
8359:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8322:
8317:
8315:Fundamentalism
8312:
8310:Existentialism
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8287:
8281:
8279:
8273:
8272:
8270:
8269:
8264:
8263:
8262:
8252:
8247:
8242:
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
8221:
8220:
8210:
8209:
8208:
8203:
8201:God the Father
8198:
8193:
8188:
8178:
8177:
8176:
8165:
8163:
8154:
8148:
8147:
8145:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8133:
8132:
8122:
8117:
8111:
8109:
8103:
8102:
8100:
8099:
8098:
8097:
8087:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8075:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8055:
8050:
8040:
8039:
8038:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8021:Body of Christ
8018:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7997:
7996:
7986:
7981:
7980:
7979:
7974:
7969:
7964:
7954:
7949:
7944:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7923:
7922:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7896:
7894:
7888:
7887:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7871:
7866:
7860:
7858:
7856:Restorationist
7852:
7851:
7849:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7833:
7832:
7831:
7820:
7818:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7736:
7731:
7726:
7720:
7718:
7709:
7693:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7647:
7645:
7639:
7638:
7636:
7635:
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7565:
7560:
7558:Late antiquity
7555:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7538:
7537:
7536:
7535:
7528:Church fathers
7525:
7520:
7519:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7503:
7498:
7493:
7488:
7483:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7457:
7455:
7444:
7426:
7425:
7423:
7422:
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7391:
7389:
7385:
7384:
7382:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7302:
7301:
7294:
7287:
7279:
7270:
7269:
7267:
7266:
7261:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7241:
7240:
7239:
7234:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7170:Pentecostalism
7167:
7165:Jesus movement
7162:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7063:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7030:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
7004:
7003:
6993:
6988:
6982:
6980:
6974:
6973:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6959:
6956:Martyrs Mirror
6952:
6947:
6942:
6940:Martyrs' Synod
6937:
6932:
6930:Swiss Brethren
6927:
6922:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6903:
6902:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6852:
6846:
6844:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6768:
6766:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6746:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6728:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6699:
6697:
6688:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6675:Law and Gospel
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6599:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6537:
6532:
6527:
6522:
6517:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6466:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6440:
6430:
6429:
6428:
6427:
6426:
6416:
6411:
6406:
6396:
6391:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6356:Ottoman Empire
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6251:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6230:
6225:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6170:
6169:
6168:
6167:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6116:
6115:
6110:
6099:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6087:
6085:Biblical canon
6082:
6081:
6080:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6041:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6007:
5996:
5994:
5986:Late antiquity
5982:
5981:
5979:
5978:
5973:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5934:Church Fathers
5927:
5922:
5917:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5874:
5872:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5762:
5761:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5657:
5655:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5642:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5625:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5559:Synod of Hippo
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5520:
5518:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5493:Masoretic Text
5490:
5485:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5440:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5392:
5390:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5343:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5329:Minor prophets
5326:
5324:Major prophets
5316:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5284:
5283:
5281:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5137:
5135:
5129:
5128:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5109:
5102:Pseudepigrapha
5098:
5096:
5095:Classification
5092:
5091:
5089:
5088:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5041:Psalms 152ā155
5037:
5035:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4998:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4934:
4932:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4909:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4851:
4845:
4839:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4695:1ā2 Chronicles
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4624:
4623:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4597:
4589:
4583:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4556:
4555:External links
4553:
4551:
4550:
4545:978-0199687749
4544:
4529:
4520:
4514:
4499:
4490:
4484:
4471:
4466:978-9053565032
4465:
4448:
4442:
4425:
4419:
4404:
4399:978-0521439770
4398:
4383:
4377:
4362:
4356:
4337:
4317:"Jesus Christ"
4313:Sanders, E. P.
4309:
4304:978-0140144994
4303:
4291:Sanders, E. P.
4287:
4281:
4267:Sanders, E. P.
4263:
4258:978-1426750083
4257:
4242:
4237:978-0199254255
4236:
4219:
4213:
4207:. Bloomsbury.
4196:
4191:978-0809147861
4190:
4175:
4169:
4153:Perkins, Pheme
4149:
4144:978-0521599511
4143:
4128:
4114:
4105:
4099:
4084:
4078:
4065:
4059:
4044:
4039:978-0802805171
4038:
4021:
4015:
4000:
3995:978-1441188229
3994:
3979:
3974:978-0802805171
3973:
3961:"Reading John"
3956:
3950:
3933:
3928:978-1400827374
3927:
3915:"Introduction"
3910:
3904:
3891:
3881:(4): 426ā455.
3866:
3861:978-0567377234
3860:
3844:
3839:978-1451413281
3838:
3825:
3796:
3791:978-0567080561
3790:
3775:
3769:
3756:
3740:
3734:
3719:
3713:
3698:
3692:
3677:
3671:
3656:
3651:978-0195182491
3650:
3632:
3618:
3613:978-0199839438
3612:
3594:
3585:
3579:
3564:
3559:978-0851117782
3558:
3543:
3538:978-1575061009
3537:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3496:
3479:
3474:978-0192802903
3473:
3458:
3452:
3437:
3431:
3416:
3411:978-1317722243
3410:
3393:
3387:
3372:
3366:
3353:
3347:
3330:
3324:
3309:
3303:
3288:
3283:978-1451415551
3282:
3267:
3262:978-0827232273
3261:
3246:
3240:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3204:
3192:
3180:
3178:, p. 117.
3168:
3156:
3144:
3132:
3113:
3098:
3086:
3074:
3062:
3050:
3038:
3026:
3014:
3002:
3000:, p. 415.
2990:
2984:978-1009210850
2983:
2965:
2953:
2941:
2929:
2917:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2855:, p. 523.
2845:
2833:
2831:, p. 175.
2821:
2819:, p. 122.
2809:
2807:, p. 403.
2797:
2785:
2773:
2761:
2749:
2747:, p. 100.
2737:
2725:
2713:
2701:
2682:(2): 447ā476.
2659:
2657:, p. 185.
2647:
2635:
2633:, p. 214.
2623:
2611:
2599:
2597:, p. 114.
2587:
2575:
2563:
2551:
2539:
2537:, p. 125.
2527:
2525:, p. 158.
2515:
2503:
2501:, p. 217.
2486:
2484:, p. 192.
2474:
2471:on 2015-03-11.
2451:
2449:, p. 183.
2439:
2427:
2423:Culpepper 1999
2410:
2398:
2396:, p. 309.
2383:
2368:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2308:
2293:
2291:, p. 241.
2278:
2263:
2248:
2233:
2221:
2204:
2189:
2170:
2155:
2153:, p. 4-5.
2140:
2125:
2110:
2108:, p. 174.
2095:
2080:
2078:, p. 133.
2065:
2061:Alexander 2006
2053:
2051:, p. 697.
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2000:
1987:
1974:
1961:
1957:Sanders (2010)
1946:
1930:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1909:
1906:Sanders (2010)
1903:
1886:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Gospel harmony
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:Pontius Pilate
1552:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1507:
1505:Gospel of Mary
1501:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1405:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1341:Main article:
1338:
1335:
1290:Main article:
1287:
1284:
1232:form criticism
1163:
1160:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1058:
1055:
990:
987:
984:
983:
980:
976:
975:
972:
968:
967:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
947:
942:
938:
937:
933:
932:
930:, 14th century
921:
913:
912:
893:Gospel of John
889:Gospel of Luke
885:Gospel of Mark
876:
873:
867:Modern English
804:"messenger" +
766:
763:
560:
559:
557:
556:
549:
542:
534:
531:
530:
528:
527:
515:
502:
499:
498:
495:
494:
489:
479:
474:
469:
463:
460:Related topics
459:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
449:
444:
442:
441:
436:
430:
428:
426:
425:
420:
414:
411:
405:
404:
403:
400:
399:
396:
395:
389:
388:
383:
382:
380:
379:
373:
371:
369:
368:
363:
358:
352:
350:
348:
347:
342:
336:
334:
328:
327:
320:
319:
314:
312:
311:
306:
300:
298:
296:
295:
290:
284:
282:
280:
279:
274:
268:
266:
264:
263:
258:
252:
250:
248:
247:
242:
236:
234:
232:
231:
226:
220:
218:
212:
211:
205:
195:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:
179:
178:
171:
170:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
146:
143:
142:
136:
126:
125:
124:
121:
120:
113:
105:
104:
96:
95:
65:
62:
61:
39:
37:
30:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9307:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9272:
9270:
9255:
9247:
9246:
9243:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9226:Mental health
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9191:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9179:
9175:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9154:
9151:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9106:
9104:
9101:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9076:
9073:
9072:
9071:
9068:
9066:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9055:
9054:
9051:
9047:
9046:In the Talmud
9044:
9043:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9026:
9024:
9020:
9014:
9013:Cosmic Christ
9011:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8998:Second Coming
8996:
8994:
8991:
8987:
8986:Pre-existence
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8973:
8972:
8969:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8956:
8955:
8952:
8951:
8949:
8947:
8943:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8891:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8856:
8855:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8843:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8786:
8785:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8777:
8776:New Testament
8773:
8767:
8764:
8762:
8759:
8755:
8752:
8751:
8750:
8747:
8743:
8740:
8739:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8691:
8688:
8686:
8683:
8681:
8678:
8676:
8673:
8671:
8668:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8654:
8653:Lord's Prayer
8651:
8650:
8649:
8646:
8642:
8639:
8638:
8637:
8633:
8630:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8611:
8609:
8606:
8605:
8604:
8601:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8588:Unknown years
8586:
8583:
8580:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8570:Date of birth
8568:
8566:
8563:
8562:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8552:
8550:
8548:
8543:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8521:
8517:
8510:
8505:
8503:
8498:
8496:
8491:
8490:
8487:
8475:
8467:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8454:
8451:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8407:
8405:
8401:
8395:
8392:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8372:
8371:
8368:
8366:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8356:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8323:
8321:
8318:
8316:
8313:
8311:
8308:
8306:
8303:
8301:
8298:
8296:
8293:
8291:
8288:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8278:
8274:
8268:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8257:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8250:Popular piety
8248:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8215:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8183:
8182:
8179:
8175:
8172:
8171:
8170:
8167:
8166:
8164:
8162:
8158:
8155:
8149:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8131:
8128:
8127:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8108:
8104:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8045:
8044:
8041:
8037:
8034:
8032:
8031:People of God
8029:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8013:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7995:
7992:
7991:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7982:
7978:
7975:
7973:
7970:
7968:
7965:
7963:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7906:
7903:
7902:
7901:
7898:
7897:
7895:
7893:
7889:
7877:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7865:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7857:
7853:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7817:
7813:
7807:
7804:
7800:
7797:
7795:
7792:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7740:
7737:
7735:
7732:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7721:
7719:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7707:
7703:
7698:
7697:Denominations
7694:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7666:Enlightenment
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7644:
7640:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7550:
7548:
7546:
7542:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7502:
7499:
7497:
7494:
7492:
7489:
7487:
7484:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7462:
7459:
7458:
7456:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7442:
7436:
7431:
7427:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7380:
7379:New Testament
7377:
7375:
7374:Old Testament
7372:
7370:
7367:
7366:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7314:
7311:
7307:
7300:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7286:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7259:Protestantism
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7224:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7132:Azusa Revival
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7112:Laestadianism
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7056:
7050:
7049:Old Lutherans
7046:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6979:
6975:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6958:
6957:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6916:
6913:
6912:
6910:
6908:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6851:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6769:
6767:
6765:
6761:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6715:Diet of Worms
6713:
6711:
6710:
6706:
6705:
6704:
6701:
6700:
6698:
6696:
6692:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6615:Protestantism
6610:
6606:
6598:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6561:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6546:
6543:
6541:
6538:
6536:
6533:
6531:
6528:
6526:
6523:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6431:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6420:
6417:
6415:
6412:
6410:
6407:
6405:
6402:
6401:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6377:
6373:
6367:
6366:North America
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6042:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6006:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5987:
5983:
5977:
5976:Early African
5974:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5959:Justin Martyr
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5936:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5865:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5780:
5779:Life of Jesus
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5767:Apostolic Age
5763:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5637:
5634:
5630:
5623:
5618:
5616:
5611:
5609:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5571:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5515:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5437:
5433:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5351:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5203:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5176:2 Corinthians
5174:
5172:
5171:1 Corinthians
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5133:New Testament
5130:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5114:New Testament
5112:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5029:
5023:
5022:Broader canon
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4943:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4831:
4827:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4735:Song of Songs
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4633:Old Testament
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4603:
4598:
4596:
4591:
4590:
4587:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4558:
4547:
4541:
4537:
4536:
4530:
4526:
4521:
4517:
4515:9780801095450
4511:
4507:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4449:
4445:
4443:9780521807661
4439:
4435:
4431:
4426:
4422:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4378:9780884899556
4374:
4370:
4369:
4363:
4359:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4327:on 2015-05-03
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4282:9780141928227
4278:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4249:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4220:
4216:
4214:9780567000972
4210:
4206:
4202:
4197:
4193:
4187:
4183:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:. Zondervan.
4092:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4056:
4053:. Doubleday.
4052:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3980:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3943:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3911:
3907:
3905:9780567691200
3901:
3897:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3782:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3762:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3748:Jesus Seminar
3745:
3741:
3737:
3735:9780802828811
3731:
3727:
3726:
3720:
3716:
3714:9781725283886
3710:
3706:
3705:
3699:
3695:
3693:9780199831289
3689:
3685:
3684:
3678:
3674:
3672:9780199831289
3668:
3664:
3663:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3582:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3544:
3540:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3497:9780664257521
3493:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3455:
3449:
3445:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3423:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:. Routledge.
3403:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3373:
3369:
3367:0-567-04204-9
3363:
3359:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3316:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3241:9780521807661
3237:
3233:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3208:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3160:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3095:
3094:Bernhard 2006
3090:
3083:
3078:
3072:, p. xx.
3071:
3066:
3059:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3036:, p. 15.
3035:
3030:
3024:, p. 35.
3023:
3018:
3011:
3006:
2999:
2994:
2986:
2980:
2976:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2951:, p. 44.
2950:
2945:
2938:
2933:
2927:, p. 26.
2926:
2921:
2914:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2890:
2885:
2879:, p. 69.
2878:
2873:
2866:
2861:
2854:
2849:
2843:, p. 45.
2842:
2837:
2830:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2770:
2765:
2758:
2757:Goodacre 2001
2753:
2746:
2741:
2734:
2729:
2723:, p. 17.
2722:
2717:
2711:, p. 41.
2710:
2705:
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2639:
2632:
2627:
2621:, p. 52.
2620:
2619:Anderson 2011
2615:
2609:, p. 48.
2608:
2607:Johnson 2010a
2603:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2573:, p. 59.
2572:
2567:
2561:, p. 29.
2560:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2448:
2447:Thompson 2006
2443:
2436:
2435:Woodhead 2004
2431:
2425:, p. 66.
2424:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2408:, p. 51.
2407:
2406:Petersen 2010
2402:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2351:, p. 56.
2350:
2349:Goodacre 2001
2345:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2321:, p. 18.
2320:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2260:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2202:, p. 53.
2201:
2196:
2194:
2186:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2152:
2151:Sanders 1995b
2147:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2123:, p. 32.
2122:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2093:, p. 52.
2092:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2063:, p. 16.
2062:
2057:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1971:
1968:According to
1965:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1900:Schoeps (1968
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1883:
1882:Sanders (1995
1878:
1876:
1871:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1815:Bodmer Papyri
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1774:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1429:enlightenment
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1283:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1133:
1132:L source
1129:
1128:M source
1124:
1123:Q source
1120:
1116:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1084:
1083:New Testament
1076:
1075:L source
1073:), Luke (the
1072:
1071:M source
1068:
1063:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1002:
1000:
996:
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
965:Apostolic Age
963:
959:
956:
953:
949:
946:
943:
939:
934:
929:
928:Sargis Pitsak
925:
919:
914:
909:
904:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
872:
870:
868:
864:
859:
853:
847:
841:
835:
830:
826:
821:
816:
812:
779:
775:
771:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:New Testament
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:E. P. Sanders
658:
654:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
605:
601:
593: AD 200
587:
582:
571:
566:
555:
550:
548:
543:
541:
536:
535:
533:
532:
526:
521:
516:
514:
504:
503:
501:
500:
493:
490:
487:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
456:
455:
448:
445:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
429:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
413:
412:
408:
402:
401:
394:
391:
390:
386:
385:
378:
375:
374:
372:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
353:
351:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
335:
333:
330:
329:
326:
323:
322:
318:
315:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
299:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
235:
230:
229:2 Corinthians
227:
225:
224:1 Corinthians
222:
221:
219:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
206:
202:
198:
192:
191:
184:
181:
180:
177:
174:
173:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
145:
144:
141:
138:
137:
133:
129:
123:
122:
117:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:New Testament
98:
97:
93:
89:
88:
83:
76:
72:
58:
53:
49:
45:
44:
38:
29:
28:
19:
9136:Holy Kinship
9087:Master Jesus
9065:BahĆ”Ź¼Ć Faith
8959:Christianity
8946:Christianity
8916:Christ Child
8911:Bibliography
8783:
8761:Resurrection
8675:Homelessness
8584:(apocryphal)
8565:Virgin birth
8555:Annunciation
8547:Jesus's life
8374:
8169:Architecture
8063:Confirmation
8011:Ecclesiology
7942:Original sin
7932:Nicene Creed
7729:Old Catholic
7613:Papal States
7545:Great Church
7511:Resurrection
7453:Christianity
7410:New Covenant
7361:(Scriptures)
7306:Christianity
7175:Charismatics
7158:
7137:Gospel music
7067:Camp meeting
7059:1789āpresent
6991:Missionaries
6961:
6954:
6945:Menno Simons
6889:
6885:Church music
6736:
6707:
6592:Conciliarism
6577:Papal Schism
6419:Scandinavian
6311:Great Schism
6289:Nestorianism
6261:Christianity
6193:priest holes
6074:Chalcedonian
6037:Christianity
5991:Great Church
5835:
5799:Resurrection
5482:Vetus Latina
5480:
5463:
5416:Jewish canon
5411:Antilegomena
5335:
5313:Poetic Books
5309:Wisdom books
5287:Subdivisions
5200:
4905: /
4830:Deuterocanon
4750:Lamentations
4730:Ecclesiastes
4637:(protocanon)
4628:Hebrew Bible
4569:at Wikiquote
4534:
4524:
4504:
4494:
4475:
4459:. Eerdmans.
4456:
4433:
4409:
4388:
4367:
4348:Anchor Books
4342:
4329:. Retrieved
4325:the original
4320:
4294:
4271:
4247:
4227:
4204:
4180:
4160:
4133:
4119:
4109:
4089:
4072:. Abingdon.
4069:
4049:
4032:. Eerdmans.
4029:
4005:
3984:
3967:. Eerdmans.
3964:
3941:
3918:
3895:
3878:
3874:
3851:
3848:Keith, Chris
3829:
3804:
3800:
3780:
3760:
3751:
3728:. Eerdmans.
3724:
3703:
3682:
3661:
3640:
3626:
3602:
3589:
3569:
3548:
3528:
3515:
3506:
3487:
3463:
3442:
3421:
3401:
3377:
3357:
3338:
3314:
3293:
3272:
3251:
3230:
3212:Wiegers 1995
3207:
3195:
3183:
3176:Metzger 2003
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3096:, p. 2.
3089:
3082:Ehrman 2005b
3077:
3065:
3053:
3041:
3029:
3022:Ehrman 2005a
3017:
3010:Ehrman 2005a
3005:
2993:
2974:
2968:
2956:
2944:
2932:
2925:Lincoln 2005
2920:
2908:
2901:Reddish 2011
2896:
2884:
2877:Ehrman 2005a
2872:
2865:Ehrman 2005a
2860:
2853:Tuckett 2000
2848:
2836:
2824:
2812:
2805:Edwards 2002
2800:
2788:
2776:
2769:Perkins 2012
2764:
2759:, p. 1.
2752:
2745:Martens 2004
2740:
2733:Burkett 2002
2728:
2721:Reddish 2011
2716:
2704:
2679:
2675:
2650:
2638:
2631:Burkett 2002
2626:
2614:
2602:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2547:Telford 1999
2542:
2530:
2523:Burkett 2002
2518:
2506:
2499:Burkett 2002
2477:
2469:the original
2464:
2454:
2442:
2437:, p. 4.
2430:
2401:
2381:, p. 6.
2334:Reddish 2011
2319:Lincoln 2005
2304:Reddish 2011
2289:Perkins 1998
2224:
2185:Sanders 2010
2166:Schoeps 1968
2076:Lincoln 2004
2056:
2020:
2016:
2013:Reddish 2011
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1921:
1912:Ehrman (1999
1802:
1756:14thā16th c.
1662:Early 2nd c.
1636:Early 2nd c.
1606:
1602:Early 2nd c.
1551:Early 2nd c.
1525:Early 2nd c.
1513:
1496:Early 2nd c.
1483:Early 2nd c.
1470:Early 2nd c.
1394:
1354:
1330:
1295:
1267:
1259:
1254:Apostle Paul
1250:
1243:
1241:
1225:
1209:
1200:
1189:
1177:
1175:
1145:
1112:
1094:
1090: AD 66
1080:
1027:
1023:
1003:
992:
945:Christianity
871:
769:
768:
757:such as the
720:
712:Signs Gospel
673:
648:
646:
599:
598:
127:
99:Books of the
56:
41:
9162:Descendants
9120:Holy Family
9103:Genealogies
9070:Manichaeism
8976:Incarnation
8971:Christology
8964:1st century
8846:Historicity
8737:Crucifixion
8705:Last Supper
8430:Persecution
8365:Christendom
8358:Cooperation
8295:Charismatic
8206:Holy Spirit
8115:Natural law
8078:Holy orders
7927:Christology
7920:Holy Spirit
7789:Pentecostal
7769:Evangelical
7764:Charismatic
7608:Monasticism
7600:Middle Ages
7563:Constantine
7506:Crucifixion
7388:Foundations
7264:Catholicism
7201:Protestants
7195:Evangelical
6870:39 Articles
6865:Elizabethan
6842:Anglicanism
6822:Westminster
6732:Melanchthon
6695:Lutheranism
6660:Nicodemites
6638:Arminianism
6609:Reformation
6550:Bonaventure
6525:Inquisition
6520:Waldensians
6470:Investiture
6448:Kievan Rus'
6404:Anglo-Saxon
6384:Pelagianism
6376:Middle Ages
6299:Iconodulism
6174:Thomas More
6095:Catholicism
6017:Monasticism
6000:Constantine
5925:Persecution
5883:Adoptionism
5868:Ante-Nicene
5811:Holy Spirit
5794:Crucifixion
5765:Origins and
5666:2nd and 3rd
5587:WikiProject
5465:Diatessaron
5436:Manuscripts
5389:Development
5191:Philippians
5061:Beta Israel
4979:4 Maccabees
4974:3 Maccabees
4888:2 Maccabees
4883:1 Maccabees
4665:Deuteronomy
4331:27 November
4297:. Penguin.
4275:. Penguin.
4112:. Eerdmans.
3507:The Messiah
3200:Ehrman 2006
3188:Gamble 1985
3154:, p. .
3142:, p. .
3070:Pagels 1989
3034:Watson 2016
2949:Ehrman 1997
2889:Ehrman 1996
2817:Beaton 2005
2771:, p. .
2655:Porter 2006
2643:HonorƩ 1986
2595:Morris 1986
2583:Beaton 2005
2535:Parker 1997
2511:Boring 2006
2482:Scholz 2009
2465:Ehrman Blog
2379:Levine 2009
2364:Boring 2006
2200:Ehrman 1999
2138:, p. .
2121:Vermes 2013
2091:Ehrman 1999
1996:Aune (1987)
1742:Late 2nd c.
1675:Late 2nd c.
1671:Diatessaron
1624:Nag Hammadi
1589:Late 2nd c.
1423:, but with
1115:apocalyptic
1077:), and Mark
1057:Composition
1047:Last Supper
955:Koine Greek
936:Information
774:Old English
759:Diatessaron
256:Philippians
18:The Gospels
9269:Categories
9008:Son of God
8903:Depictions
8641:Beatitudes
8598:Temptation
8542:Chronology
8344:Prosperity
8320:Liberation
8260:Cathedrals
8245:Pilgrimage
8230:Literature
8107:Philosophy
8043:Sacraments
8016:Four marks
7977:Protestant
7952:Born again
7749:Anabaptist
7739:Protestant
7681:Influences
7643:Modern era
7347:By country
6986:Revivalism
6907:Anabaptism
6855:Henry VIII
6680:Literature
6304:Iconoclasm
6284:Chrysostom
6237:Vatican II
6203:Jansenists
6189:Mass rocks
6125:Lateran IV
6044:Athanasius
5964:Tertullian
5908:Marcionism
5903:Gnosticism
5856:Revelation
5774:Background
5524:Authorship
5454:Septuagint
5299:Pentateuch
5278:Revelation
5202:Laodiceans
5196:Colossians
4685:1ā2 Samuel
4527:: 245ā291.
4497:. Penguin.
3152:Meier 1991
3140:Casey 2010
2841:Allen 2013
2793:Allen 2013
2394:Burge 2014
2274:Keith 2012
2217:Keith 2016
2034:References
2025:: Volume 3
1942:Dunn (2003
1926:Dunn (1995
1830:The gospel
1709:Mid 2nd c.
1696:Mid 2nd c.
1649:Mid 2nd c.
1457:Mid 2nd c.
1421:repentance
1412:Jewish god
1212:topography
1186:propaganda
1156:Septuagint
1035:temptation
1011:King David
820:evangelium
811:diminutive
789:ĪµĻ
Ī±Ī³Ī³ĪĪ»Ī¹ĪæĪ½
783:Īµį½Ī±Ī³Ī³ĪĪ»Ī¹ĪæĪ½
626:the gospel
624:message ("
618:evangelium
609:Īµį½Ī±Ī³Ī³ĪĪ»Ī¹ĪæĪ½
407:Authorship
387:Apocalypse
261:Colossians
201:Apocalypse
176:Lukan Acts
71:The gospel
43:The gospel
9236:Sexuality
9221:Criticism
9206:Christmas
9082:Mandaeism
9058:Ahmadiyya
8766:Ascension
8690:Anointing
8625:Disciples
8608:Selecting
8420:Criticism
8370:Ecumenism
8334:Mysticism
8300:Democracy
8290:Anarchism
8277:Movements
8240:Mythology
8218:Catechism
8213:Education
8130:Evolution
8053:Eucharist
8036:Canon law
7994:Theotokos
7989:Mariology
7947:Salvation
7937:Tradition
7784:Methodist
7744:Adventist
7578:Chalcedon
7152:Ecumenism
7102:Adventism
7092:Mormonism
7028:Millerism
7023:Methodism
6978:1640ā1789
6880:Civil War
6827:Orthodoxy
6782:Huguenots
6764:Calvinism
6749:Eucharist
6744:Orthodoxy
6628:Eucharist
6560:Five Ways
6510:Dulcinian
6463:Pomerania
6389:Gregory I
6233:Vatican I
6223:Modernism
6208:Molinists
6198:Guadalupe
6069:Chalcedon
6064:Ephesus I
6054:Augustine
5930:Apostolic
5913:Montanism
5878:Diversity
5654:Centuries
5363:Johannine
5223:2 Timothy
5218:1 Timothy
5186:Ephesians
5181:Galatians
4969:Psalm 151
4837:apocrypha
4815:Zechariah
4805:Zephaniah
4690:1ā2 Kings
4655:Leviticus
4293:(1995b).
3638:(2005b).
3624:(2005a).
3046:Aune 2003
2961:Dunn 2003
2829:Lieu 2005
2781:Aune 1987
2696:0022-5185
2571:Aune 1987
2259:Dunn 2003
2244:Dunn 1995
2106:Dunn 2005
1729:Uncertain
1311: 85
1262:telephone
1216:Jerusalem
1152:allusions
1141:Johannine
999:Pharisees
849:"good" +
815:Latinized
798:"good" +
765:Etymology
634:his trial
622:Christian
586:Papyrus 4
418:Luke-Acts
293:2 Timothy
288:1 Timothy
245:Ephesians
240:Galatians
9254:Category
9125:Panthera
9110:(mother)
8869:Josephus
8722:Betrayal
8665:Miracles
8660:Parables
8620:Ministry
8603:Apostles
8560:Nativity
8474:Category
8339:Pacifism
8153:features
8137:Politics
8090:Ablution
8058:Marriage
7962:Catholic
7892:Theology
7799:Reformed
7779:Lutheran
7774:Holiness
7754:Anglican
7724:Catholic
7628:Crusades
7573:Nicaea I
7523:Apostles
7496:Miracles
7491:Parables
7481:Ministry
7471:Nativity
7435:timeline
7332:Prophets
7327:Glossary
7244:Theology
7232:Missions
7227:Timeline
7199:Mainline
7147:Pacifism
6996:Baptists
6915:Theology
6875:Puritans
6850:Timeline
6792:Scotland
6720:Theology
6567:Wycliffe
6515:Crusades
6490:Bogomils
6443:Bulgaria
6399:Germanic
6351:Ethiopia
6249:Timeline
6027:Nicaea I
6022:Councils
5954:Irenaeus
5949:Ignatius
5944:Polycarp
5898:Donatism
5893:Docetism
5888:Arianism
5789:Ministry
5577:Category
5476:Peshitta
5373:Catholic
5368:Pastoral
5353:Epistles
5346:Synoptic
5233:Philemon
5046:2 Baruch
5033:Peshitta
5007:Jubilees
4959:2 Esdras
4954:1 Esdras
4849:Catholic
4800:Habakkuk
4745:Jeremiah
4725:Proverbs
4705:Nehemiah
4315:(2010).
4269:(1995).
4155:(1998).
3850:(2012).
3600:(1999).
2559:Eve 2021
1855:Jesusism
1770:See also
1717:Irenaeus
1618:and the
1447:Content
1425:illusion
1404:beliefs.
1148:Parousia
1051:Passover
989:Contents
971:Chapters
951:Language
941:Religion
924:Armenian
704:Q source
584:). From
486:epistles
309:Philemon
197:Epistles
92:a series
90:Part of
9275:Gospels
9177:Related
9147:Joachim
9041:Judaism
9031:Jesuism
8931:Statues
8884:Gospels
8874:Tacitus
8864:Sources
8789:Matthew
8784:Gospels
8695:Passion
8648:Prayers
8593:Baptism
8582:Infancy
8527:Outline
8403:Related
8196:Trinity
8161:Culture
8125:Science
8095:Hygiene
8085:Mission
8068:Penance
8048:Baptism
7984:Worship
7957:Liturgy
7905:Trinity
7816:Eastern
7794:Quakers
7759:Baptist
7716:Western
7706:members
7476:Baptism
7430:History
7420:Worship
7322:Outline
7237:Martyrs
7033:Pietism
6963:Ausbund
6935:MĆ¼ntzer
6860:Cranmer
6807:Baptism
6772:Zwingli
6623:Erasmus
6572:Avignon
6555:Aquinas
6545:Francis
6540:Dominic
6500:Cathars
6495:Bosnian
6485:Bernard
6480:Abelard
6453:Moravia
6438:Bohemia
6424:Iceland
6346:Serbian
6326:Georgia
6321:Armenia
6259:Eastern
6160:Jesuits
5836:Gospels
5784:Baptism
5549:Studies
5517:Related
5488:Vulgate
5358:Pauline
5336:Gospels
5253:2 Peter
5248:1 Peter
5238:Hebrews
5141:Matthew
5031:Syriac
4917:Susanna
4820:Malachi
4780:Obadiah
4755:Ezekiel
4660:Numbers
4645:Genesis
4618:of the
3821:1560364
3221:Sources
1793:Agrapha
1761:Pauline
1612:Gnostic
1556:docetic
1408:Gnostic
1304:Marcion
1244:de novo
1228:Gospels
1214:around
1191:kerygma
1031:baptism
840:gÅdspel
825:Vulgate
823:in the
801:į¼Ī³Ī³ĪµĪ»ĪæĻ
772:is the
753:); and
696:Matthew
678:of the
439:Hebrews
345:2 Peter
340:1 Peter
317:Hebrews
150:Matthew
128:Gospels
52:Discuss
9211:Easter
9167:Clopas
9114:Joseph
9096:Family
8993:Relics
8954:Christ
8749:Burial
8727:Arrest
8120:Ethics
8001:Saints
7910:Father
7829:Church
7441:spread
7405:Gospel
7395:Church
7337:People
6925:Grebel
6777:Calvin
6703:Luther
6597:Synods
6475:Anselm
6458:Poland
6414:Gothic
6409:Franks
6394:Celtic
6361:Russia
6341:Syriac
6331:Greece
6218:Teresa
6165:Xavier
6103:Papacy
6049:Jerome
5969:Origen
5870:period
5645:Spread
5582:Portal
5459:Targum
5268:3 John
5263:2 John
5258:1 John
5166:Romans
5119:Jewish
4944:Others
4903:Baruch
4898:Sirach
4893:Wisdom
4873:Judith
4858:Others
4810:Haggai
4760:Daniel
4740:Isaiah
4720:Psalms
4710:Esther
4675:Judges
4670:Joshua
4650:Exodus
4567:Gospel
4542:
4512:
4482:
4463:
4440:
4417:
4396:
4375:
4354:
4301:
4279:
4255:
4234:
4211:
4188:
4167:
4141:
4097:
4076:
4057:
4036:
4013:
3992:
3971:
3948:
3925:
3902:
3858:
3836:
3819:
3788:
3767:
3732:
3711:
3690:
3669:
3648:
3610:
3577:
3556:
3535:
3494:
3471:
3450:
3429:
3408:
3385:
3364:
3345:
3322:
3301:
3280:
3259:
3238:
2981:
2694:
1680:Tatian
1576:3rd c.
1562:, not
1538:5th c.
1509:2nd c.
1204:Origen
979:Verses
961:Period
895:, and
858:gospel
770:Gospel
737:, and
727:Thomas
600:Gospel
366:3 John
361:2 John
356:1 John
216:Romans
48:merged
9053:Islam
8732:Trial
8636:Plain
8516:Jesus
8329:Right
8235:Music
8186:Jesus
8151:Other
8006:Angel
7461:Jesus
7451:Early
7400:Creed
7369:Canon
7357:Bible
7317:Index
7159:solae
7157:Five
6950:Smyth
6802:TULIP
6725:Bible
6433:Slavs
6336:Egypt
6294:Icons
6145:Trent
6135:Leo X
6032:Creed
5243:James
5228:Titus
5002:Enoch
4868:Tobit
4795:Nahum
4790:Micah
4785:Jonah
4765:Hosea
4620:Bible
4616:Books
4124:(PDF)
3817:JSTOR
1867:Notes
1684:Syria
1560:Herod
1441:Title
1180:, or
982:3,779
926:, by
829:Latin
780:term
747:James
735:Judas
731:Peter
721:Many
680:Bible
651:, or
638:death
630:Jesus
614:Latin
604:Greek
332:James
304:Titus
9153:Heli
9141:Anne
9108:Mary
8804:John
8799:Luke
8794:Mark
8754:Tomb
8325:Left
8225:Flag
8191:Mary
7702:list
7209:left
7207:and
7197:and
7047:and
7045:Neo-
6812:Dort
6797:Knox
6643:Wars
6235:and
6191:and
6184:Wars
5841:Acts
5756:21st
5751:20th
5746:19th
5741:18th
5736:17th
5731:16th
5726:15th
5721:14th
5716:13th
5711:12th
5706:11th
5701:10th
5341:List
5273:Jude
5161:Acts
5156:John
5151:Luke
5146:Mark
5107:list
4984:Odes
4775:Amos
4770:Joel
4700:Ezra
4680:Ruth
4540:ISBN
4510:ISBN
4480:ISBN
4461:ISBN
4438:ISBN
4415:ISBN
4394:ISBN
4373:ISBN
4352:ISBN
4333:2010
4299:ISBN
4277:ISBN
4253:ISBN
4232:ISBN
4209:ISBN
4186:ISBN
4165:ISBN
4139:ISBN
4095:ISBN
4074:ISBN
4055:ISBN
4034:ISBN
4011:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3969:ISBN
3946:ISBN
3923:ISBN
3900:ISBN
3856:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3786:ISBN
3765:ISBN
3730:ISBN
3709:ISBN
3688:ISBN
3667:ISBN
3646:ISBN
3608:ISBN
3575:ISBN
3554:ISBN
3533:ISBN
3492:ISBN
3469:ISBN
3448:ISBN
3427:ISBN
3406:ISBN
3383:ISBN
3362:ISBN
3343:ISBN
3320:ISBN
3299:ISBN
3278:ISBN
3257:ISBN
3236:ISBN
2979:ISBN
2692:ISSN
2021:The
1605:The
1427:and
1419:and
1399:The
1188:and
1178:bios
1170:and
1037:and
1015:Adam
852:spel
807:-Ī¹ĪæĪ½
739:Mary
708:John
700:Luke
698:and
692:Mark
688:oral
649:bios
636:and
377:Jude
199:and
165:John
160:Luke
155:Mark
132:Acts
130:and
8545:of
8181:Art
7915:Son
7900:God
6754:Art
6612:and
6587:Hus
6150:Art
5696:9th
5691:8th
5686:7th
5681:6th
5676:5th
5671:4th
5661:1st
4834:and
4715:Job
3883:doi
3809:doi
2684:doi
1417:sin
1333:).
1013:or
861:in
846:gÅd
831:as
817:as
644:.
46:be
9271::
7704:,
6076:/
5932:/
4350:.
4319:.
3879:38
3877:.
3873:.
3815:.
3805:10
3803:.
3116:^
3101:^
2690:.
2680:69
2678:.
2674:.
2662:^
2489:^
2463:.
2413:^
2386:^
2371:^
2356:^
2341:^
2326:^
2311:^
2296:^
2281:^
2266:^
2251:^
2236:^
2207:^
2192:^
2173:^
2158:^
2143:^
2128:^
2113:^
2098:^
2083:^
2068:^
2041:^
1949:^
1933:^
1889:^
1874:^
1719:.
1308:c.
1299:š
1087:c.
1033:,
974:89
891:,
887:,
883:,
869:.
795:Īµį½
761:.
741:;
733:,
729:,
616::
612:;
606::
590:c.
572:,
94:on
8634:/
8508:e
8501:t
8494:v
8327:/
7708:)
7700:(
7443:)
7439:(
7437:)
7433:(
7298:e
7291:t
7284:v
5993:)
5989:(
5621:e
5614:t
5607:v
5315:)
5311:(
4630:/
4608:e
4601:t
4594:v
4548:.
4518:.
4488:.
4469:.
4446:.
4423:.
4402:.
4381:.
4360:.
4335:.
4307:.
4285:.
4261:.
4240:.
4217:.
4194:.
4173:.
4147:.
4103:.
4082:.
4063:.
4042:.
4019:.
3998:.
3977:.
3954:.
3931:.
3908:.
3889:.
3885::
3864:.
3842:.
3823:.
3811::
3794:.
3773:.
3738:.
3717:.
3696:.
3675:.
3654:.
3616:.
3583:.
3562:.
3541:.
3509:.
3500:.
3477:.
3456:.
3435:.
3414:.
3391:.
3370:.
3351:.
3328:.
3307:.
3286:.
3265:.
3244:.
3214:.
2987:.
2698:.
2686::
2276:.
2261:.
2231:.
2219:.
2187:.
1985:.
1431:.
1306:(
1067:Q
905:.
843:(
792:(
602:(
588:(
578:(
553:e
546:t
539:v
488:)
484:(
84:.
77:.
54:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.