2351:
81:
2502:
2543:
93:
2078:
2568:
560:
6086:
2202:
1532:
108:
546:
1023:
7401:
1018:
2267:
2011:
1439:
3666:
2418:, especially those built or expanded during the fourteenth century. Fortifications are generally the best preserved material legacy of the Order's presence in the Baltic today, and timber and earth, as well as brick examples, are attested in the archaeological record. The earliest castles in the Ordensstaat consisted of simple buildings attached to a fortified enclosure and, whilst the
1304:, the cities founded by the Teutonic Order had a much more regular, rectangular sketch of streets, indicating their character as planned foundations. The cities were heavily fortified, accounting for the long lasting conflicts with the resistive native Old Prussians, with armed forces under command of the knights. Most cities were prevailingly populated with immigrants from
1485:. This marked the beginning of a series of conflicts between Poland and the Teutonic Knights as the Order continued incorporating territories into its domains. While the Order promoted the Prussian cities by granting them extended surrounding territory and privileges, establishing courts, civil and commercial law, it allowed the cities less outward independence than
2259:, considered part of one and indivisible Kingdom of Poland. In accordance to the peace treaty, from now on, every Grand Master was obliged to swear an oath of allegiance to the reigning Polish king within six months of taking office, and any new territorial acquisitions by the Teutonic Order, also outside Prussia, would also be incorporated into Poland. The
2279:
While the
Knights of the Teutonic Order formed a thin ruling class by themselves, they extensively used mercenaries, mostly German, from the Holy Roman Empire, to whom they granted lands in return. This gradually created a new class of landed nobility. Due to several factors, among which was the high
1476:
of Poland to help repel a
Brandenburgian invasion; however, the Teutonic Knights themselves began to occupy the city and the region. The Teutonic Knights then carried out a massacre of the inhabitants of the city, killing up to 10,000 people according to medieval sources, although the exact number of
1740:
immediately terminated all trade with
England. When in the same year the Hansa evacuated all their Danish castles in fulfillment of the Treaty of Stralsund, Prussia argued in favour of a renewal of the Cologne Federation for the deeply concerned about the ensuing conflict with England, but could not
2431:
Construction began on
Marienburg during the third quarter of the thirteenth century, and work continued on it until the middle of the fifteenth century. A settlement developed alongside the castle, which together enclosed 25 hectares. Granted town rights in 1286, its castle is larger than any other
1744:
The cities preferred to negotiate and take retaliatory actions, such as counter-confiscation of
English merchandise. So when in 1388 Richard II finally reconfirmed the Hanseatic trade privileges, Prussia once again permitted merchant adventurers, granting permissions to remain; for this action they
2422:
would come to typify convent buildings, single-wing castles would continue to be built alongside timber towers. Where they followed the conventional layout, castles included a connected set of communal spaces such as a dormitory, refectory, kitchen, chapter house, a chapel or church, an infirmary,
1779:
was one of the leading functionaries of the order. The word translates roughly as "chief sales and buying officer" with procuration. This officer was in charge of the considerable commerce, import, export, crediting, real estate investment etc., which the Order carried out, using its network of
2436:
has been thoroughly excavated, dating to the mid-1350s. Preserved at
Marienburg was a polychrome statue of Mary about eight meters in height, made of artificial stone and originally decorated with mosaic tiles. Mary was the most important patron of the knights and central to the liturgy of the
1789:
export, achieved the exceptional permission to continue amber exports to
Flanders and textile imports in return. On the occasion of the ban on Flemish trade, the Hansa urged Prussia and Livonia again to interrupt the exchange with Novgorod as well, but with both blockades Russian and Flemish
1592:, and first briefly in 1181, but since 1227 a permanent fief within the Holy Roman Empire) and Pomerelia alike. Both duchies were earlier ruled by related dynasties, thus the semantic title was Duke of Pomerania rather than Duke of Pomerelia, as it was referred to in other languages.
1563:
and, eventually, lawsuits in the papal court in 1320 and 1333, which ruled in favor of Poland, however, the
Teutonic Knights did not comply and continued to occupy the annexed Polish territories. The Teutonic Knights even invaded Poland further and briefly occupied the regions of
2027:. The Teutonic navy ruled the Baltic Sea from bases in Prussia and Gotland, and the Prussian cities provided tax revenues sufficient to maintain a significant standing force composed of Teutonic Knights proper, their retinues, Prussian peasant levies, and German mercenaries.
2445:
Coins were minted from the late 1250s. These were often simple in design, stamped with the cross of the Order on one side, but support the notion that crusading, colonisation, and a supporting infrastructure went hand in hand from the earliest years of the
Prussian Crusade.
1725:, starting to cruise in the Baltic, competing with Dutch, Saxon and Wendish Hanseatic merchants, and allowed them to open outposts in its cities of Danzig and Elbing. This necessarily brought about a conflict with the rest of the Hansa, which was in a heavy argument with
1784:
and agencies which spanned much of
Central, Western and Southern Europe as well as the Holy Land. The other Großschäffer in Marienburg had the grain export monopoly. As to imports, neither was bound to any particular merchandise. From Königsberg, holding the monopoly in
2503:
2050:. Later that year, however, the Luxembourgs gave the region in pawn to the Teutonic Order despite prior arrangements with Poland, and the Order kept it until Brandenburg redeemed it again in 1454 and 1455, respectively, by the
2405:
continued to hold its claim to Prussia and furnished grand masters of the Teutonic Order, who were merely titular administrators of Prussia, but managed to retain many of the Teutonic holdings elsewhere outside of Prussia
2544:
2054:. Though the possession of this territory by the Order strengthened ties between the Order and their secular counterparts in northern Germany, it exacerbated the already hostile relationship between the Order and
1512:, were the only beneficiaries of a quasi membership within the Hansa, although lacking the background of citizenship in a fully autonomous or free city. Only merchants from the six Prussian Hanseatic cities of
1821:; thus fish prices tripled in Prussia. The Saxon Hansa cities urged Prussia to intervene, but Conrad of Jungingen was more worried about a Danish victory. So only after the cities, led by Lübeck's burgomaster
2280:
rate of early death in battle, these lands became concentrated over time in the hands of a relatively small number of noblemen each having a vast estate. This nobility would evolve to what is known as the
2569:
1334:. While the Lübeckers provided the Order important logistic support with their ships, they were otherwise, with the exception of Elbing, rather uninvolved in the establishment of the Monastic State.
4933:
4531:
822:. The shift of sovereignty from Denmark to the Teutonic Order took place on 1 November 1346. At the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries, the Teutonic Order temporarily acquired the territories of
4511:
1184:
Konrad of Masovia had already called a crusade against the Old Prussians in 1208, but it was not successful. Konrad, acting on the advice of Christian, first bishop of Prussia, established the
2093:
In 1408, Conrad Letzkau served as a diplomat to Queen Margaret I and arranged that the Order sell Gotland to Denmark. In 1409, the Teutonic Order invaded Poland's Dobrzyń Land again, and the
2243:
in October 1466 ended the war and provided for the Teutonic Order's cession of its rights over the western half of its territories to the Polish Kingdom, which became the Polish province of
2069:. Under Ulrich, the Teutonic State fell from its precarious height and became mired in internal political strife, near-constant war with Polish–Lithuanian union, and crippling war debts.
1416:. Each diocese was fiscally and administratively divided into one-third reserved for the maintenance of the capitular canons, and two-thirds were where the Order collected the dues. The
5164:
5146:
1763:
cities the positions of the Hanseatic cities and Prussia were again reversed. Here the majority of the Hansa members decided in the Hanseatic Diet on 1 May 1388 for an
1710:, which again made the Order block exports of salt and herring into Russia. While the relations had eased by 1371 so that trade resumed, they soured again until 1388.
602:
588:
574:
521:
507:
493:
5107:
4668:
4526:
1694:
in 1370. Several Danish castles and fortresses were then taken by Hansa forces for fifteen years in order to secure the implementation of the peace conditions.
7497:
5421:
1188:, a small group of 15 knights. The Order, however, was soon defeated and, in reaction, Konrad called on the Pope for yet another crusade and for help from the
1612:. However, the members of the Hanseatic league were undecided whether to unite against him. But when Valdemar IV then captured Prussian merchant ships in the
5158:
5678:
1826:
5870:
7492:
4516:
5865:
1822:
833:
Throughout its history, the Teutonic state waged numerous wars with Poland and Lithuania, encouraging the two countries to form a close alliance and
4577:
4651:
4058:
3916:
1795:
1609:
4567:
1276:
in 1230. Under their governance, woodlands were cleared and marshlands made arable, upon which many cities and villages were founded, including
1431:'s diocesan chapter maintained independence, enabling to establish its autonomous rule in the capitular third of Warmia's diocesan territory (
1164:
The West-Baltic Prussians successfully repelled most of the campaigns and managed to strike Konrad in retaliation. However, the Prussians and
7477:
2125:), which marked the start of the decline of the State of the Teutonic Order, and the rise of the Polish–Lithuanian union as a major power in
1794:
who supported the Flemish to achieve an acceptable agreement with the Hansa resuming the bilateral trade; while a Hanseatic delegation under
1062:
5498:
4673:
3714:
3670:
1551:
The Teutonic Order's annexation and possession of Gdańsk (Danzig) and the surrounding region was consistently disputed by the Polish kings
672:, became part of the State of the Teutonic Order). At its greatest territorial extent during the early 15th century, the State encompassed
7418:
6144:
2198:, the Teutonic Order collected taxes at steep rates. Furthermore, the cities were not allowed due representation by the Teutonic Order.
6311:
5310:
7507:
6002:
1722:
1478:
7358:
4587:
1667:
as a war alliance to counter the Danish threat. More cities, from the Lower Rhine area in the west to Livonia in the east, joined.
7376:
4506:
3769:
2164:
1560:
1540:
418:
4562:
3549:
1469:
366:
7502:
5289:
4661:
4342:
4315:
4159:
3739:
2229:
2094:
392:
7472:
4183:
4171:
4043:
4031:
3901:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3468:
1584:. The title referred to the Duchy of Pomerelia. Unlike in English, German, Latin or Lithuanian language Polish uses the term
248:
4382:
4362:
7457:
4978:
4552:
4387:
4377:
4372:
4200:
4195:
4147:
4142:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4019:
4004:
3953:
3928:
3839:
3829:
3764:
3759:
1732:
Dissatisfied Richard II's navy suddenly attacked six Prussian ships in May 1385 – and those of more Hanse members – in the
17:
4496:
3933:
1628:
to propose a war alliance against Denmark, accepted with some reluctance only by the important cities forming the Wendish-
6041:
4625:
4557:
2302:
1576:, Kuyavia and Dobrzyń Land were restored to Poland, and the Teutonic Order agreed that Poland should rule Pomerelia as a
80:
6174:
5668:
4521:
2378:, the first Protestant state. Sigismund's consent was bound to Albert's submission to Poland, which became known as the
7512:
6266:
5427:
3636:
2705:
2260:
1679:
937:
838:
4582:
1168:
in the south had their territory conquered. The land of the Yotvingians was situated in the area of what is today the
6457:
5381:
5346:
4572:
3616:
3418:
3373:
3345:
3317:
3292:
3267:
3235:
3210:
3182:
3152:
3127:
3099:
3071:
3043:
3018:
2993:
2968:
2930:
2905:
2877:
2437:
Teutonic Order, so it is not surprising to find such striking representations of her at their most prominent castle.
2256:
2221:
2210:
2039:
1528:
were considered fully fledged members of the league, while merchants from other Prussian cities had a lesser status.
1461:
4284:
1737:
107:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
6419:
5967:
5491:
4712:
4327:
3707:
1223:
807:
581:
553:
512:
7381:
6589:
5433:
4429:
2350:
2157:
1552:
1473:
1305:
954:
3430:
W.Bonhke, Der Binnenhandel des Deutschen Ordens in Preusen, in Hansische Geschichtsblatter, 80 (1962), pp. 51–53
1829:(1395), Albert's defeat manifested, so that Prussia finally sent out its ships, led by Danzig's city councillor
1481:
of Brandenburg-Stendal sold his claim to the territory to the Teutonic Order for the sum of 10,000 Marks in the
7552:
7371:
6639:
6444:
6304:
6215:
5912:
2786:
2759:
2732:
2643:
2618:
2195:
1683:
1358:
885:
795:
748:
651:
136:
4678:
2194:
to free themselves from the overlordship of the Teutonic Knights. Due to the heavy losses and costs after the
1385:
6149:
5995:
5658:
5620:
5175:
4630:
4480:
4357:
2168:
2023:
At the beginning of the 15th century, the State of the Teutonic Order stood at the height of its power under
6236:
2051:
92:
6520:
5439:
5186:
4685:
4646:
2829:
2240:
881:
720:
405:
1767:
against the Flemish cities. Meanwhile, Prussia could not prevail with its plea for further negotiations.
7547:
7537:
7487:
7386:
6399:
6070:
5484:
4890:
4417:
4094:
3971:
3700:
3442:
Dzieje Krzyżaków oraz ich stosunki z Polską, Litwą i Prussami, poprzedzone rysem dziejów wojen krzyżowych
2670:
2465:
2055:
1601:
834:
4176:
4166:
4111:
2414:
Fortifications of the Ordensstaat have been examined through archaeological excavation since the end of
2301:, endemic religious upheavals and wars occurred across the region. In 1525, during the aftermath of the
7482:
7467:
6552:
6547:
5895:
5124:
5119:
4973:
4398:
4367:
4014:
3734:
2149:
2126:
2035:
1798:
reopened trade with Novgorod in the same year, after reconfirmation of the previous mutual privileges.
1691:
1678:
refused to send forces, but contributed financially. Besides Prussia, three more territorial partners,
1465:
1432:
1078:
1050:
4262:
3686:
7542:
7404:
6584:
6491:
6484:
6462:
6297:
5885:
5249:
2102:
4532:
Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)
6624:
6609:
6424:
6409:
6134:
5988:
5961:
5880:
5457:
5266:
5255:
5244:
2562:
2537:
2496:
1664:
962:
950:
850:
783:
445:
3814:
1365:
in 1202) increased the Teutonic Order's lands with the addition of the territories known today as
987:
7462:
6739:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6434:
6414:
6371:
6114:
6048:
6020:
5567:
5404:
5399:
5316:
5181:
5113:
5096:
4988:
4983:
4955:
4501:
3886:
2839:
2391:
2310:
1573:
1482:
294:
3881:
2085:(1410) marked the start of decline of the State of the Teutonic Order (19th-century painting by
1729:, over levies of higher dues. The Merchants struggled to achieve an unsatisfactory compromise.
7141:
6574:
6569:
6496:
6391:
6139:
6119:
6107:
5935:
5797:
5352:
5135:
4749:
4617:
4412:
4214:
4099:
3961:
3457:"The Battle of Tannenberg-Grunwald-Žalgiris (1410) as reflected in Twentieth-Century monuments"
2298:
2191:
2167:
was fought in 1431–1435, after the Teutonic Knights invaded Poland again, and was ended in the
1810:
1687:
1605:
1389:
945:
925:
752:
259:
254:
5663:
4535:
4320:
4289:
3456:
2776:
1327:
978:
The Old Prussians withstood many attempts at conquest preceding that of the Teutonic Knights.
6439:
6329:
6226:
6221:
5950:
5835:
5700:
5170:
5140:
5005:
4938:
3943:
3390:
2722:
2608:
2314:
2153:
2148:. Heinrich von Plauen was elected vice-grand master and led the Teutonic Knights through the
1814:
1726:
1556:
1265:
1243:
1169:
1137:
1100:
933:
353:
172:
4392:
4205:
4085:
979:
6530:
6501:
6404:
6036:
5742:
5357:
5322:
4968:
4769:
4754:
4422:
4036:
3871:
3723:
3531:
Rosenberg, H. (1943). "The Rise of the Junkers in Brandenburg-Prussia, 1410–1653: Part 1."
2217:
2066:
2024:
1791:
1397:
1204:
716:
5792:
5737:
5452:
Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution
4744:
4403:
3834:
8:
7366:
6579:
6231:
6162:
5762:
5544:
5393:
5260:
5214:
5033:
5023:
4855:
4764:
4739:
4486:
4352:
4009:
2509:
2419:
2306:
2236:) broke out. Various cities of the region pledged allegiance to the Polish King in 1454.
2133:
1746:
1621:
1405:
1393:
1088:
1074:
995:
811:
6246:
5549:
5220:
4299:
2833:
1721:, Prussia enjoyed considerable support from English knights. The Order welcomed English
1536:
1354:
1185:
865:
701:
6749:
6601:
6540:
6429:
6361:
6337:
6271:
6167:
6154:
6129:
6058:
5860:
5830:
5820:
5815:
5673:
5534:
5369:
5340:
5328:
5277:
5226:
5191:
5028:
4789:
4491:
4337:
4294:
4267:
4257:
4137:
4132:
3999:
3994:
3911:
3876:
3824:
3819:
2362:
as a vassal duchy of the Kingdom of Poland, in place of the State of the Teutonic Order
2118:
2117:
allies and auxiliary forces. Poland and Lithuania triumphed following a victory at the
2098:
2082:
2031:
1714:
1636:
1629:
1617:
1486:
1457:
1247:
1239:
1143:
1094:
983:
842:
712:
379:
5772:
5587:
5572:
5539:
5090:
4809:
4279:
4188:
4053:
1123:
6525:
6376:
6351:
6075:
6065:
5930:
5855:
5787:
5688:
5445:
5387:
5363:
5232:
5101:
5078:
5013:
4774:
4759:
4118:
3984:
3923:
3896:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3795:
3632:
3612:
3464:
3414:
3369:
3341:
3313:
3288:
3263:
3231:
3206:
3178:
3148:
3123:
3095:
3067:
3039:
3014:
2989:
2964:
2926:
2901:
2873:
2782:
2755:
2728:
2701:
2639:
2614:
2402:
1753:
1651:, allied themselves against Denmark. This resulted in the Hansa calling up a diet in
1490:
1417:
1377:
1343:
1258:
1254:
892:, while the eastern part remained under Teutonic Order rule, known thereafter as the
643:
279:
241:
216:
198:
193:
5615:
2077:
6948:
6320:
6184:
6053:
5945:
5925:
5920:
5875:
5777:
5752:
5727:
5705:
5653:
5605:
5577:
5415:
5409:
5271:
5197:
5129:
5084:
4921:
4799:
4779:
4048:
3938:
3906:
3846:
2383:
2375:
2281:
1838:
1589:
1504:
of the Order as the sole territorial ruler representing Prussia at their Hanseatic
1497:
1273:
1189:
1176:, which by now was partially conquered, devastated and almost totally depopulated.
1068:
1009:
958:
929:
779:
775:
764:
647:
567:
539:
330:
309:
188:
1790:
commodities could not reach their final destinations. In 1392 it was Grand Master
1272:
of 1234, Prussia came into the Teutonic Order's possession. The Knights began the
998:, were intensified, with large battles and crusades in 1209, 1219, 1220 and 1222.
994:, but was unable to conquer it. Numerous other attempts followed, and, under Duke
6557:
6535:
6479:
6449:
6333:
6124:
6011:
5825:
5747:
5610:
5582:
5375:
5283:
5238:
5152:
5018:
4995:
4794:
4784:
4734:
4464:
4346:
4024:
3891:
3866:
2749:
2517:
2484:
2379:
2355:
2340:
2332:
2322:
2309:, King of Poland, and his nephew, the last Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights,
2152:. Eventually von Plauen was promoted to Grand Master and, in 1411, concluded the
1756:
1718:
1505:
1500:
did consider merchants from Prussian cities as their like, but also accepted the
1319:
909:
897:
728:
719:, the State fell into decline. After losing extensive territories in the imposed
431:
203:
47:
6241:
6157:
4247:
1569:
861:
782:
and the 14th-century invasions of neighboring Christian countries of Poland and
771:
673:
7231:
7015:
6679:
6366:
6208:
6203:
5940:
5782:
5767:
5757:
5732:
5635:
5559:
5334:
4850:
4242:
3948:
3809:
2371:
2141:
1830:
1690:, joined the alliance, attacking via land and sea, forcing Denmark to sign the
1544:
1424:
1420:
1032:
991:
924:
state of the Order's main (Prussian) branch was secularized in 1525 during the
819:
803:
774:
in the 13th century, the state expanded mostly as a result of the 13th-century
655:
654:
merged with the Teutonic Order of Prussia and became known as its branch – the
639:
623:
183:
61:
6085:
7451:
7433:
7420:
6990:
6953:
6913:
6779:
6508:
6467:
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5630:
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5526:
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4900:
4601:
4309:
4154:
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3607:
Dollinger, Philippe (1998) . Hans Krabusch and Marga Krabusch (trls.) (ed.).
2367:
2359:
2327:
2244:
2201:
2046:, according to which Poland was to purchase and re-incorporate the region of
1818:
1531:
1316:
1269:
1082:
1044:
889:
799:
791:
660:
595:
498:
314:
7092:
2263:
became a prince and counselor of the Polish king and the Kingdom of Poland.
1331:
1281:
156:
6684:
6674:
6657:
6474:
6102:
6094:
5692:
4865:
4804:
4716:
4332:
3611:(in German). Vol. 371. Stuttgart: Kröner: Kröners Taschenbuchausgabe.
3391:
Natalia Borzestowska and Waldemar Borzestowski, "Dlaczego zginął burmistrz"
2433:
2415:
2252:
1706:
in 1367 had caused the Russians to recoup themselves on Hansa merchants in
1212:
815:
464:
1172:
of Poland. The Prussians attempted to oust Polish or Masovian forces from
1117:
7166:
7124:
7047:
6960:
6828:
6818:
6729:
6513:
5719:
4927:
4905:
3966:
2455:
2318:
2086:
1361:. The assimilation of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (established in
1285:
1165:
1153:
1005:
921:
787:
685:
526:
340:
802:
were incorporated into the Teutonic Order as its autonomous branch, the
7343:
7131:
7114:
7062:
7052:
7037:
7005:
6995:
6873:
6823:
6699:
6694:
6662:
6381:
4963:
4895:
4272:
3692:
2175:
1648:
1216:
1208:
1022:
635:
178:
2266:
2122:
2010:
1655:
in 1367 and convening the afore-mentioned non-member cities including
1613:
1517:
1438:
1017:
7338:
7333:
7323:
7256:
7161:
7057:
7020:
7010:
6970:
6923:
6918:
6868:
6808:
6734:
6724:
6704:
6667:
6652:
5807:
5476:
4885:
4845:
4226:
4123:
2145:
2137:
2062:
2047:
1806:
1781:
1656:
1640:
1401:
1353:
In 1234, the Teutonic Order assimilated the remaining members of the
1173:
877:
873:
857:
846:
723:
in 1466, the extant territory of its Prussian branch became known as
705:
697:
631:
238:
3651:
3538:
2225:
2179:
2043:
1625:
1521:
1323:
1196:
against the Old Prussians. The crusades, involving many of Europe's
7311:
7296:
7276:
7261:
7241:
7216:
7201:
7196:
7176:
7146:
7136:
7087:
7077:
7072:
6903:
6888:
6863:
6843:
6813:
6803:
6798:
6769:
6764:
6754:
6689:
6647:
6356:
6289:
6276:
6028:
5890:
4860:
4237:
4232:
3648:
Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych
3513:
3386:
3384:
3382:
2800:
2798:
2398:
2387:
2205:
The Polish–Teutonic peace treaty of 1466 made the Teutonic state a
2183:
2114:
2106:
1834:
1760:
1707:
1513:
1509:
677:
5980:
3629:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
3591:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
3576:
The Archaeology of the Prussian Crusade: Holy War and Colonization
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2187:
1849:
Commodity selling prices of Teutonic Order in Prussian Marks, 1400
1525:
1423:
of Culm, Pomesania and Samland were simultaneously members of the
7328:
7316:
7306:
7281:
7271:
7266:
7246:
7236:
7211:
7151:
7109:
7082:
7000:
6933:
6928:
6908:
6898:
6853:
6848:
6838:
6833:
6774:
6759:
6709:
5715:
5645:
5597:
4835:
3548:, Klaipėda: 1997, pp. 742–771, here after the German translation
2724:
Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture
2636:
The Crusades and the Expansion of Catholic Christendom, 1000–1714
2460:
1842:
1764:
1675:
1660:
1652:
1565:
1413:
1381:
1370:
1362:
1309:
1277:
1231:
1227:
1193:
1133:
827:
823:
768:
744:
693:
689:
681:
665:
223:
149:
5959:
3379:
2795:
2224:. King Casimir IV agreed and signed the act of incorporation in
1427:
since the 1280s, ensuring a strong influence by the Order. Only
7348:
7301:
7286:
7251:
7226:
7191:
7186:
7119:
7104:
7042:
6980:
6965:
6943:
6893:
6883:
6878:
6791:
6786:
6744:
6714:
5511:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4825:
3665:
3559:
3489:
2581:
2097:
broke out, in which the Teutonic Knights were supported by the
1802:
1671:
1644:
1635:
Since Valdemar IV had also attacked ships of the Dutch city of
1428:
1366:
1261:
as the Papal Legate for Livonia, Prussia, and other countries.
1235:
1197:
1149:
1129:
1038:
869:
669:
228:
2232:, the longest of the Polish–Teutonic wars, (also known as the
1477:
victims is a subject of disputes. In September 1309, Margrave
7221:
7206:
7181:
7171:
7156:
7099:
7067:
7032:
7027:
6985:
6975:
6858:
6719:
6562:
4840:
4830:
2220:
to support their revolt and to incorporate the region to the
2110:
1786:
1703:
1580:
and Polish kings, therefore, retained the right to the title
1409:
949:
established in 1422–1435, which became a protectorate of the
3677:
3501:
2810:
1250:
as opposed to being under the jurisdiction of local rulers.
845:
in 1410 the Teutonic Order fell into decline, the region of
7291:
6938:
6253:
5507:
5451:
3609:
Die Hanse (La Hanse (XII–XVII siècles, Paris, Aubier, 1964)
2248:
2206:
1733:
1588:
for Pomerania (a fief of Poland, Saxony and Denmark in the
1577:
1301:
1297:
917:
126:
2317:, agreed that the latter would resign his position, adopt
4512:
Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania
3680:: cities, castles and landscapes of the Teutonic Knights
2382:. On 10 December 1525 at their session in Königsberg the
1242:. This decree subordinated the provinces directly to the
2216:
In February 1454, the Prussian Confederation asked King
2061:
In March 1407, Konrad died from complications caused by
1211:. In 1225, Andrew II expelled the Teutonic Knights from
982:
began the series of unsuccessful conquests when he sent
953:
in 1559, and was finally secularised and split into the
936:, remaining a fiefdom of the Polish Crown and later the
638:
in northern Europe. It was formed by the knights of the
4669:
Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland
1837:
then thoroughly cleared the Baltic Sea of pirates, the
1312:, where many knights of the order had their homelands.
1257:
announced to all Christendom his appointment of Bishop
298:(last reigning Grand Master and Land Master of Prussia)
2072:
1717:
of 1369/1370, ending with the Teutonic victory in the
1470:
seized the Polish port city of Gdańsk in November 1308
3463:. Vol. 3. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 175.
3401:
3399:
3356:
3354:
3328:
3326:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3216:
3193:
3191:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3133:
3110:
3108:
3477:
3444:(in Polish). Vol. II. Warszawa. pp. 59–60.
3082:
3080:
3054:
3052:
2888:
2886:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2247:
and the remaining part of the Order's land became a
1702:
The invasions of the Teutonic Order from Livonia to
830:, which, however, it sold in the following decades.
4517:
Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig
1817:, blocked seafaring to the herring supplies at the
1238:, and a number of neighboring provinces were under
856:The Prussian branch of the Teutonic Order returned
3396:
3351:
3323:
3298:
3273:
3241:
3188:
3158:
3105:
2949:
2911:
2613:. University of Washington Press. pp. 18–19.
2337:Herzogliches Preußen, Preußen Herzoglichen Anteils
2292:
3393:, 17 October 2005, retrieved on 8 September 2011.
3077:
3049:
3024:
2999:
2883:
2849:
1508:. Thus Prussian merchants, along with those from
841:in the 16th century. Following its defeat in the
755:and continued to exist as part of it until 1561.
7449:
920:and integral part of the Kingdom of Poland. The
4711:
4652:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany
2828:
2140:), who moved rapidly to bolster the defence of
1697:
1296:Unlike newly founded cities between the rivers
2751:Danish Medieval History & Saxo Grammaticus
2274:
1745:were renounced once again by the Grand Master
1680:Henry II of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg
1595:
1460:, a neighboring region, plunged into war with
837:, which eventually led to the creation of the
7498:States and territories disestablished in 1525
6305:
5996:
5492:
4656:Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania
3708:
2838:. The Polish Book Importing Company. p.
2747:
2287:
943:The Livonian branch continued as part of the
5416:Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement
4939:Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians
4674:Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland
2700:(in Polish). Warszawa: Bellona. p. 76.
2551:
2526:
1643:, Prussia and Dutch cities, such as Kampen,
634:located along the southeastern shore of the
39:
6336:origin primarily identified as speakers of
6145:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2136:to defend Teutonic-held Eastern Pomerania (
1833:. Until 1400 the united Teutonic-Hanseatic
53:
7493:States and territories established in 1230
6312:
6298:
6003:
5989:
5499:
5485:
3715:
3701:
3626:
3588:
3573:
3230:for bibliographical details, pp. 103 seq.
3147:for bibliographical details, pp. 109 seq.
2374:Teutonic Prussia was transformed into the
2065:and was succeeded by his younger brother,
1456:At the beginning of the 14th century, the
106:
3606:
3546:Mažosios Lietuvos Bažnyčia XVI–XX amžiuje
3461:The Military Orders: History and Heritage
1192:. As a result, several edicts called for
961:in 1561, both duchies being fiefs of the
868:) and ceded the western part of Prussia (
3722:
3439:
2781:. Oxford University Press. p. 371.
2754:. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 129.
2390:Church in Ducal Prussia by deciding the
2349:
2265:
2200:
2076:
2009:
1530:
1437:
1326:, which was founded with the support of
1207:enfeoffed the Teutonic Knights with the
7377:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
4507:Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany
2774:
2018:
1451:
973:
743:) and existed until 1525 as a part and
313:(last reigning Land Master of Livonia (
112:The State of the Teutonic Order in 1422
14:
7450:
5506:
4662:Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany
4343:Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939
3645:
3561:Lietuvos Evangelikų Liuteronų Bažnyčia
3554:(section: 2. Reformatorische Anfänge;
3519:
3507:
3495:
3483:
3454:
2816:
2804:
2720:
2695:
2633:
2594:
2190:and other Prussian cities founded the
2178:) and the Hanseatic cities of Danzig,
1602:conflict between the Hanse and Denmark
884:in 1466. The territories ceded to the
6293:
5984:
5480:
5060:
4710:
4452:
4044:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3902:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3782:
3696:
3413:for bibliographical details, p. 114.
3368:for bibliographical details, p. 113.
3340:for bibliographical details, p. 108.
3312:for bibliographical details, p. 107.
3287:for bibliographical details, p. 102.
3262:for bibliographical details, p. 105.
3205:for bibliographical details, p. 104.
3177:for bibliographical details, p. 110.
3122:for bibliographical details, p. 100.
2988:for bibliographical details, p. 123.
2963:for bibliographical details, p. 124.
2925:for bibliographical details, p. 123.
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2606:
2561:
2536:
2495:
2366:Thus in a deal partially brokered by
1663:. The upshot was the founding of the
6319:
4934:WWII flight and expulsion of Germans
3094:for bibliographical details, p. 99.
3066:for bibliographical details, p. 98.
3038:for bibliographical details, p. 97.
3013:for bibliographical details, p. 96.
2900:for bibliographical details, p. 54.
2872:for bibliographical details, p. 55.
2638:. New York: Routledge. p. 380.
2423:and tower projecting over the moat.
2313:, a member of a cadet branch of the
1472:. The Order had been called by King
6010:
4626:Evangelical State Church in Prussia
4353:Free City of Danzig 1920–1939
2822:
2497:[ˈʃtaːtdɛsˌdɔʏtʃn̩ˈʔɔʁdn̩s]
2432:built by the Order. Since 1997 the
2174:In March 1440, gentry (mainly from
2073:Losses to Poland, Polish suzerainty
1085:(Poland 1454/1466 – 1772)
24:
4453:
3783:
3459:. In Victor Mallia-Milanes (ed.).
2652:
2426:
2261:Grand Master of the Teutonic Order
2171:, which was favorable for Poland.
1468:to the west. The Teutonic Knights
1215:, and they had to transfer to the
860:(the previously Polish regions of
25:
7564:
5347:North German Confederation Treaty
3659:
2600:
1604:on the trade in the Baltic, King
1539:(1331) was a major battle of the
1291:
990:attacked Prussia with the aid of
786:. The conquests were followed by
751:. The Livonian branch joined the
7508:1525 disestablishments in Europe
7478:History of Lithuania (1219–1569)
7400:
7399:
6084:
5968:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
5519:Medieval district principalities
4522:Apostolic Administration of Tütz
3934:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952
3664:
2420:quadrangular red-brick structure
2196:war against Poland and Lithuania
1811:Albert of Sweden and Mecklenburg
1021:
1016:
600:
586:
572:
558:
554:Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
544:
519:
505:
491:
91:
79:
7382:Christianization of Scandinavia
4430:Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship
4399:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998
4368:Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975
4184:Province of Pomerania 1815–1945
3627:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3589:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3582:
3574:Pluskowski, Aleksander (2013).
3567:
3525:
3448:
3433:
3424:
3410:
3365:
3337:
3309:
3284:
3259:
3227:
3202:
3174:
3144:
3119:
3091:
3063:
3035:
3010:
2985:
2974:
2960:
2936:
2922:
2897:
2869:
2835:The Political History of Poland
2303:Polish-Teutonic War (1519–1521)
2293:Transformation to Ducal Prussia
2005:
1759:on the Hansa privileges in the
1608:had held the Hanseatic city of
1561:Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)
1446:
1357:and, in 1237, the Order of the
1348:
1179:
955:Duchy of Courland and Semigalia
794:colonization. In addition, the
7372:Christianization of the Franks
6445:Continental Germanic mythology
6216:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
6103:Latin Empire of Constantinople
5913:Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
4578:Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień
4388:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4378:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4373:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
4285:Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo
4201:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4196:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
4081:Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4076:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
4071:Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975
4066:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3954:Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998
3929:Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975
3564:, retrieved on 28 August 2011.
3533:The American Historical Review
2768:
2741:
2714:
2689:
2627:
2478:
2409:
2095:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1841:, and even took the island of
1738:Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein
1639:and other destinations in the
1359:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1315:The cities were usually given
1047:(pre – 13th century)
1041:(983 – 12th century)
938:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
888:formed the Polish province of
839:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
796:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
652:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
642:during the early 13th century
13:
1:
7503:1230 establishments in Europe
6150:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
4631:Pomeranian Evangelical Church
4568:Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg
4481:Christianization of Pomerania
4358:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
4328:Free City of Danzig 1807–1814
3600:
3522:, pp. 96, 103, 214, 221.
2830:Lewinski Corwin, Edward Henry
2778:The later Crusades, 1274–1580
2748:Skyum-Nielsen, Niels (1981).
2538:[ˈdɔʏtʃʔɔʁdn̩sˌʃtaːt]
2311:Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach
2025:Konrad (Conrad) von Jungingen
968:
448:(end of the Livonian branch)
434:(end of the Prussian branch)
283:(first reigning Grand Master)
7473:History of the Baltic states
5440:Treaty of Good Neighbourship
5290:Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)
5061:
4979:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
4686:Pentecostal Church in Poland
4647:Protestant Church in Germany
4383:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998
4363:Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975
2347:), remaining a Polish fief.
2325:. Thereafter referred to as
2038:, reached an agreement with
1698:English Merchant Adventurers
1344:Terra Mariana § History
1322:, with the one exception of
7:
7458:State of the Teutonic Order
7387:Christianization of Iceland
6198:State of the Teutonic Order
6071:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
5901:State of the Teutonic Order
5434:German–Polish Border Treaty
5428:German Reunification Treaty
4679:Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław
4418:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
4305:State of the Teutonic Order
4095:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3972:West Pomeranian Voivodeship
3671:State of the Teutonic Order
3551:Die Kirche in Klein Litauen
2721:Frucht, Richard C. (2005).
2610:A History of Central Europe
2522:Państwo zakonu krzyżackiego
2466:War of the Priests (Poland)
2449:
2275:Formation of a new nobility
2150:Siege of Marienburg in 1410
1801:Since the late 1380s grave
1596:Second Danish-Hanseatic War
1572:. A peace was concluded at
758:
620:State of the Teutonic Order
367:Teutonic takeover of Gdańsk
36:State of the Teutonic Order
10:
7569:
5910:Early modern fiefs of the
5896:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
5323:Polish Partitions Treaties
2946:, literally "High Master".
2807:, pp. 88–92, 206–210.
2698:Zamki Państwa Krzyżackiego
2597:, pp. 96–97, 214–215.
2489:Staat des Deutschen Ordens
2288:16th century and aftermath
2127:Central and Eastern Europe
2103:Polish-Lithuanian alliance
2052:Treaties of Cölln and Mewe
2036:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1813:actually directed against
1770:
1670:Of the major players only
1543:(19th-century painting by
1541:Second Polish–Teutonic War
1466:Margraviate of Brandenburg
1433:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1380:divided Prussia into four
1376:In 1243, the Papal legate
1341:
1337:
1200:, lasted for sixty years.
1079:Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
1051:Margraviate of Brandenburg
628:Civitas Ordinis Theutonici
55:Civitas Ordinis Theutonici
41:Staat des Deutschen Ordens
7513:13th century in Lithuania
7395:
7357:
6638:
6600:
6390:
6344:
6327:
6262:
6183:
6093:
6082:
6027:
6018:
5909:
5848:
5806:
5714:
5687:
5644:
5596:
5558:
5525:
5518:
5303:
5207:
5071:
5067:
5056:
5004:
4954:
4947:
4914:
4818:
4727:
4723:
4706:
4639:
4609:
4600:
4545:
4527:Prelature of Schneidemühl
4472:
4463:
4459:
4448:
4338:Posen-West Prussia Region
4225:
4110:
3982:
3793:
3789:
3778:
3730:
3593:. Routledge. p. 110.
3578:. Routledge. p. 149.
3498:, pp. 71–72, 76, 79.
2671:"wojny polsko-krzyżackie"
1752:In the conflict with the
1559:– claims that led to the
1524:, Elbing, Königsberg and
1408:under the mother city of
711:Following the battles of
470:
460:
456:
442:
428:
415:
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
346:
336:
326:
322:
303:
288:
273:
269:
247:
234:
222:
212:
165:
145:
117:
105:
75:
70:
34:
6625:North Germanic languages
6610:Germanic parent language
6135:Duchy of the Archipelago
5962:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
5458:Treaty of Accession 2003
4915:Major demographic events
4487:Diocese of Wollin/Cammin
4177:Lauenburg and Bütow Land
4172:Brandenburgian Pomerania
4032:Brandenburgian Pomerania
3735:10,000 BC – 600 AD
2980:Cf. Philippe Dollinger,
2775:Housley, Norman (1992).
2727:. ABC-CLIO. p. 69.
2514:Vokiečių ordino valstybė
2471:
2440:
2321:and assume the title of
2282:Prussian Junker nobility
2169:Peace of Brześć Kujawski
1684:Albert II of Mecklenburg
1400:. The bishoprics became
963:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
951:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
446:Treaty of Vilnius (1561)
27:Baltic state, 1200s–1561
7533:16th century in Prussia
7528:15th century in Prussia
7523:14th century in Prussia
7518:13th century in Prussia
6630:West Germanic languages
6620:East Germanic languages
6615:Proto-Germanic language
6435:Proto-Germanic folklore
6372:Romano-Germanic culture
6115:Kingdom of Thessalonica
6049:Principality of Antioch
6021:List of Crusader states
5669:Bydgoszcz and Wyszogród
5325:(1772/1773, 1793, 1795)
4728:Archaeological cultures
3887:Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp
3650:(in Polish and Latin).
3440:Rogalski, Leon (1846).
2696:Bieszk, Janusz (2010).
2563:[ˈɔʁdn̩sˌʃtaːt]
2056:Polish–Lithuanian union
1686:, and the latter's son
1610:Visby to ransom in 1361
1222:Early in 1224, Emperor
1103:(1918 – 1947)
1097:(1701 – 1918)
1091:(1618 – 1701)
1071:(1525 – 1618)
1065:(1356 – 1806)
1059:(1224 – 1525)
664:, covering present-day
6237:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
6140:Triarchy of Negroponte
6120:Principality of Achaea
6108:Duchy of Philippopolis
5353:Peace of Prague (1866)
4948:Languages and dialects
4618:Protestant Reformation
4413:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4316:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4215:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4160:Pomeranian Voivodeship
4100:Pomeranian Voivodeship
3962:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
3646:Górski, Karol (1949).
3510:, pp. 96–97, 215.
2819:, pp. 93–94, 212.
2607:Stone, Daniel (2001).
2552:
2527:
2521:
2513:
2488:
2363:
2344:
2336:
2299:Protestant Reformation
2271:
2270:Teutonic state in 1466
2213:
2192:Prussian Confederation
2090:
2015:
2014:Teutonic state in 1410
1606:Valdemar IV of Denmark
1548:
1443:
1442:Teutonic state in 1260
1268:in 1226 and the Papal
1156:(1947–1952, from 1990)
1126:(1920–1939, from 1945)
1083:Royal (Polish) Prussia
1063:Elector of Brandenburg
946:Livonian Confederation
926:Protestant Reformation
913:
901:
880:) to Poland after the
872:, as well as parts of
806:in 1237. In 1346, the
753:Livonian Confederation
740:
732:
627:
260:Land Master of Livonia
255:Land Master of Prussia
140:(1226–1230, 1466–1525)
54:
40:
7553:Baltic-German history
6440:Anglo-Saxon mythology
6330:Ethnolinguistic group
6227:Bishopric of Courland
6222:Archbishopric of Riga
5194:(1448/1468/1472/1479)
4563:Archdiocese of Gdańsk
4553:Archdiocese of Berlin
3944:Bezirk Neubrandenburg
3815:Principality of Rügen
3673:at Wikimedia Commons
3631:. London: Routledge.
3455:Ekdahl, Sven (2008).
2634:France, John (2005).
2353:
2315:House of Hohenzollern
2269:
2241:Second Peace of Thorn
2228:on 6 March 1454. The
2204:
2158:Władysław II Jagiełło
2154:First Treaty of Thorn
2080:
2013:
1815:Margaret I of Denmark
1727:Richard II of England
1557:Casimir III the Great
1534:
1514:Braunsberg (Braniewo)
1441:
1406:Archbishopric of Riga
1330:and thus was awarded
1266:Golden Bull of Rimini
1244:Roman Catholic Church
1170:Podlaskie Voivodeship
1138:Recovered Territories
1101:Free State of Prussia
1035:(965 – 983)
988:Bolesław IV of Poland
934:House of Hohenzollern
406:Second Peace of Thorn
354:Golden Bull of Rimini
173:Old Prussian language
166:Common languages
6037:Kingdom of Jerusalem
5849:Other medieval fiefs
5187:Thorn, Second (1466)
4588:Diocese of Włocławek
4558:Diocese of Bydgoszcz
4167:Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn
4037:Starostwo of Draheim
3882:Pomerania-Rügenwalde
3872:Pomerania-Neustettin
3724:History of Pomerania
3654:: Instytut Zachodni.
3405:Philippe Dollinger,
3360:Philippe Dollinger,
3332:Philippe Dollinger,
3304:Philippe Dollinger,
3279:Philippe Dollinger,
3254:Philippe Dollinger,
3222:Philippe Dollinger,
3197:Philippe Dollinger,
3169:Philippe Dollinger,
3139:Philippe Dollinger,
3114:Philippe Dollinger,
3086:Philippe Dollinger,
3058:Philippe Dollinger,
3030:Philippe Dollinger,
3005:Philippe Dollinger,
2955:Philippe Dollinger,
2917:Philippe Dollinger,
2892:Philippe Dollinger,
2864:Philippe Dollinger,
2358:of 1525 established
2218:Casimir IV of Poland
2067:Ulrich von Jungingen
2019:Konrad von Jungingen
1792:Conrad of Wallenrode
1723:Merchant Adventurers
1632:third of the Hanse.
1487:free imperial cities
1452:Danzig and the Hansa
1278:Marienburg (Malbork)
1253:At the end of 1224,
1205:Andrew II of Hungary
980:Bolesław I of Poland
974:Poles in Old Prussia
658:(while their state,
18:Teutonic Order State
7430: /
7367:Gothic Christianity
6232:Bishopric of Dorpat
6163:Knights Hospitaller
5278:Wehlau and Bromberg
4536:Gorzów Wielkopolski
4502:Diocese of Roskilde
4321:Chełmno Voivodeship
4290:Duchy of Białogarda
3689:(at worldstatesmen)
2307:Sigismund I the Old
2230:Thirteen Years' War
2165:Polish–Teutonic war
2134:Heinrich von Plauen
2132:The Order assigned
2048:New March (Neumark)
1851:
1747:Conrad of Jungingen
1692:Treaty of Stralsund
1622:Winrich of Kniprode
1496:The members of the
1489:enjoyed within the
1418:cathedral capitular
1264:As a result of the
1089:Brandenburg-Prussia
1075:Malbork Voivodeship
1039:Lutician federation
996:Konrad I of Masovia
419:Polish–Teutonic War
393:Thirteen Years' War
7548:Fiefdoms of Poland
7538:Former theocracies
7488:History of Prussia
6750:Germani cisrhenani
6458:Funerary practices
6362:Pre-Roman Iron Age
6338:Germanic languages
6272:Crusading movement
6168:Hospitaller Rhodes
6130:Duchy of Neopatras
5821:Pomerania-Stargard
5535:Seniorate Province
5382:Molotov–Ribbentrop
5370:Prussian Concordat
5304:1700–present
5165:Eberswalde, Second
4974:Central Pomeranian
4891:German Pomeranians
4856:Slavic Pomeranians
4745:Ertebølle-Ellerbek
4573:Diocese of Pelplin
4497:Diocese of Chełmno
4492:Diocese of Kolberg
4393:Słupsk Voivodeship
4295:Duchy of Lubiszewo
4268:Duchy of Pomerelia
4206:Słupsk Voivodeship
4138:House of Pomerania
4133:Duchy of Pomerania
4086:Słupsk Voivodeship
4059:List of placenames
4000:House of Pomerania
3995:Duchy of Pomerania
3917:List of placenames
3877:Pomerania-Stargard
3825:House of Pomerania
3820:Duchy of Pomerania
3770:1945–present
2528:Deutschordensstaat
2364:
2272:
2214:
2119:Battle of Grunwald
2099:Duchy of Pomerania
2091:
2083:Battle of Grunwald
2034:, which ruled the
2032:Luxembourg dynasty
2016:
1848:
1825:, had liaised the
1715:Lithuanian Crusade
1665:Cologne Federation
1549:
1458:Duchy of Pomerania
1444:
1248:Holy Roman Emperor
1240:imperial immediacy
1144:Kaliningrad Oblast
1095:Kingdom of Prussia
984:Adalbert of Prague
843:Battle of Grunwald
778:against the pagan
717:Wilkomierz in 1435
380:Battle of Grunwald
7483:Kingdom of Poland
7468:Northern Crusades
7434:54.717°N 20.517°E
7413:
7412:
6585:Gothic and Vandal
6377:Germanic Iron Age
6352:Nordic Bronze Age
6334:Northern European
6287:
6286:
6254:Free City of Riga
6076:Kingdom of Cyprus
6066:County of Tripoli
5978:
5977:
5974:
5973:
5936:Duchy of Oświęcim
5931:Duchy of Siewierz
5844:
5843:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5147:Eberswalde, First
5052:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
4775:Nordic Bronze Age
4702:
4701:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4596:
4595:
4444:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4404:Toruń Voivodeship
4119:Farther Pomerania
3985:Farther Pomerania
3924:Enclave of Police
3897:Swedish Pomerania
3862:Pomerania-Wolgast
3857:Pomerania-Schlawe
3852:Pomerania-Stettin
3796:Western Pomerania
3669:Media related to
3470:978-0-7546-6290-7
2403:Holy Roman Empire
2234:War of the Cities
2222:Kingdom of Poland
2211:Kingdom of Poland
2142:Marienburg Castle
2105:was supported by
2003:
2002:
1582:Duke of Pomerania
1491:Holy Roman Empire
1378:William of Modena
1259:William of Modena
1255:Pope Honorius III
1162:
1161:
986:in 997. In 1147,
957:, as well as the
886:Kingdom of Poland
749:Kingdom of Poland
646:in the region of
644:Northern Crusades
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
607:
532:
531:
305:• 1559–1561
290:• 1510–1525
275:• 1226–1239
253:Grand Master and
242:elective monarchy
217:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
7560:
7543:Christian states
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7440:
7435:
7431:
7428:
7427:
7426:
7423:
7403:
7402:
7359:Christianization
6949:Ripuarian Franks
6321:Germanic peoples
6314:
6307:
6300:
6291:
6290:
6247:Order of Dobrzyń
6175:Genoese colonies
6088:
6054:County of Edessa
6005:
5998:
5991:
5982:
5981:
5957:
5956:
5951:Lębork and Bytów
5946:Duchy of Troppau
5926:Duchy of Prussia
5921:Duchy of Masovia
5836:Lębork and Bytów
5826:Pomerania-Słupsk
5523:
5522:
5501:
5494:
5487:
5478:
5477:
5446:Polish Concordat
5410:Helsinki Accords
5364:Polish Concordat
5125:Stralsund (1370)
5120:Stralsund (1354)
5069:
5068:
5058:
5057:
4952:
4951:
4922:Migration Period
4810:Dębczyn (Denzin)
4725:
4724:
4708:
4707:
4607:
4606:
4583:Diocese of Toruń
4470:
4469:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4449:
4300:Duchy of Świecie
4263:Danish Pomerelia
4258:Polish Pomerelia
4251:
4126:
3939:Bezirk Frankfurt
3912:Stralsund Region
3847:Pomerania-Demmin
3791:
3790:
3780:
3779:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3693:
3683:
3668:
3655:
3642:
3622:
3595:
3594:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3571:
3565:
3557:
3544:Albertas Juška,
3542:
3536:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3422:
3403:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3358:
3349:
3330:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3277:
3271:
3252:
3239:
3220:
3214:
3195:
3186:
3167:
3156:
3137:
3131:
3112:
3103:
3084:
3075:
3056:
3047:
3028:
3022:
3003:
2997:
2978:
2972:
2953:
2947:
2940:
2934:
2915:
2909:
2890:
2881:
2862:
2847:
2846:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2793:
2792:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2675:Encyklopedia PWN
2667:
2650:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2499:
2494:
2482:
2386:established the
2384:Prussian estates
2376:Duchy of Prussia
1852:
1847:
1839:Victual Brothers
1827:Treaty of Skanör
1688:Albert of Sweden
1616:on their way to
1590:High Middle Ages
1537:Battle of Płowce
1498:Hanseatic League
1483:Treaty of Soldin
1398:Samland (Sambia)
1394:Ermland (Warmia)
1355:Order of Dobrzyń
1274:Prussian Crusade
1190:Teutonic Knights
1186:Order of Dobrzyń
1120:area (from 1918)
1069:Duchy of Prussia
1025:
1020:
1001:
1000:
959:Duchy of Livonia
930:Duchy of Prussia
914:Prusy krzyżackie
906:Teutonic Prussia
894:Monastic Prussia
866:Gdańsk Pomerania
849:was restored to
810:was sold by the
808:Duchy of Estonia
780:Baltic Prussians
776:Prussian Crusade
741:Prusy krzyżackie
737:Teutonic Prussia
725:Monastic Prussia
713:Grunwald in 1410
702:Gdańsk Pomerania
632:theocratic state
604:
603:
590:
589:
576:
575:
568:Duchy of Livonia
562:
561:
548:
547:
540:Duchy of Prussia
536:
535:
523:
522:
513:Duchy of Estonia
509:
508:
495:
494:
488:
487:
472:
471:
452:28 November 1561
372:08 November 1308
318:
299:
284:
189:Baltic languages
161:
154:
141:
133:
124:
121:Sovereign state
110:
95:
83:
65:
57:
51:
43:
32:
31:
21:
7568:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7561:
7559:
7558:
7557:
7448:
7447:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7429:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7416:
7414:
7409:
7391:
7353:
6634:
6596:
6558:Gothic alphabet
6450:Norse mythology
6386:
6340:
6323:
6318:
6288:
6283:
6267:Military orders
6258:
6187:
6179:
6125:Duchy of Athens
6089:
6080:
6023:
6014:
6012:Crusader states
6009:
5979:
5970:
5955:
5911:
5905:
5840:
5802:
5710:
5683:
5659:Brześć Kujawski
5640:
5592:
5554:
5514:
5505:
5475:
5462:
5376:Reichskonkordat
5299:
5208:1500–1700
5203:
5176:Brześć Kujawski
5136:Raciążek (1404)
5072:1200–1500
5063:
5040:
5000:
4996:Standard German
4989:West Pomeranian
4984:East Pomeranian
4943:
4910:
4814:
4719:
4690:
4635:
4592:
4541:
4455:
4436:
4423:Gmina Biały Bór
4347:Polish Corridor
4280:Duchy of Gdańsk
4246:
4241:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4221:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4112:Lauenburg-Bütow
4106:
4025:Pomerania-Stolp
3988:
3987:
3978:
3892:Pomerania-Barth
3867:Pomerania-Stolp
3798:
3785:
3774:
3765:1933–1945
3760:1806–1933
3755:1500–1806
3750:1300–1500
3745:1100–1300
3726:
3721:
3681:
3662:
3639:
3619:
3603:
3598:
3587:
3583:
3572:
3568:
3555:
3543:
3539:
3530:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3471:
3453:
3449:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3380:
3359:
3352:
3331:
3324:
3303:
3299:
3278:
3274:
3253:
3242:
3221:
3217:
3196:
3189:
3168:
3159:
3138:
3134:
3113:
3106:
3085:
3078:
3057:
3050:
3029:
3025:
3004:
3000:
2979:
2975:
2954:
2950:
2941:
2937:
2916:
2912:
2891:
2884:
2863:
2850:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2811:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2653:
2646:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2567:
2566:
2558:
2542:
2541:
2533:
2524:), also called
2501:
2500:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2452:
2443:
2429:
2427:Marienburg fort
2412:
2380:Prussian Homage
2356:Prussian Homage
2323:Duke of Prussia
2295:
2290:
2277:
2163:The next major
2075:
2021:
2008:
1876:
1850:
1823:Hinrich Westhof
1773:
1757:Philip the Bold
1736:, Grand Master
1719:Battle of Rudau
1700:
1620:, Grand Master
1598:
1522:Danzig (Gdańsk)
1454:
1449:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1324:Elbing (Elbląg)
1320:town privileges
1294:
1234:, Prussia with
1182:
1124:Klaipėda Region
976:
971:
916:), as a feudal
812:King of Denmark
767:and the Polish
763:Established in
761:
704:), Prussia and
650:. In 1237, the
601:
587:
582:Swedish Estonia
573:
559:
545:
520:
506:
492:
449:
435:
432:Prussian Homage
421:
411:19 October 1466
408:
395:
382:
369:
356:
312:
306:
297:
291:
282:
276:
258:
252:
208:
159:
155:
152:
139:
135:
131:
130:
125:
122:
113:
101:
100:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
66:
59:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7566:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7463:Teutonic Order
7460:
7439:54.717; 20.517
7411:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7390:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7363:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7128:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7097:
7096:
7095:
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7040:
7035:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7018:
7016:Thracian Goths
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6926:
6921:
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6677:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6644:
6642:
6636:
6635:
6633:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6598:
6597:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6560:
6550:
6545:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6523:
6518:
6517:
6516:
6506:
6505:
6504:
6499:
6489:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6455:
6454:
6453:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6396:
6394:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6367:Roman Iron Age
6364:
6359:
6354:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6341:
6328:
6325:
6324:
6317:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6294:
6285:
6284:
6282:
6281:
6280:
6279:
6269:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6257:
6256:
6251:
6250:
6249:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6209:Livonian Order
6206:
6204:Teutonic Order
6194:
6192:
6181:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6099:
6097:
6091:
6090:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6062:
6061:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6033:
6031:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6008:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5985:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5966:
5964:
5954:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5941:Duchy of Zator
5938:
5933:
5928:
5923:
5917:
5915:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5850:
5846:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5812:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5685:
5684:
5682:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5650:
5648:
5642:
5641:
5639:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5568:Greater Poland
5564:
5562:
5560:Greater Poland
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5531:
5529:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5504:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5481:
5472:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5281:
5275:
5269:
5267:Stettin (1653)
5264:
5258:
5256:Stettin (1630)
5253:
5247:
5245:Stettin (1570)
5242:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5171:Łęczyca (1433)
5168:
5162:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5111:
5105:
5099:
5094:
5088:
5082:
5075:
5073:
5065:
5064:
5054:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4960:
4958:
4949:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4851:Vistula Veneti
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:Linear Pottery
4747:
4742:
4737:
4731:
4729:
4721:
4720:
4704:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4657:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4613:
4611:
4604:
4598:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4476:
4474:
4467:
4465:Roman Catholic
4457:
4456:
4454:Ecclesiastical
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4415:
4407:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4324:
4323:
4318:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4243:Tuchola Forest
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4181:
4180:
4179:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4129:
4127:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4097:
4089:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4049:Stettin Region
4041:
4040:
4039:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3949:Bezirk Rostock
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:Stettin Region
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3817:
3812:
3810:Northern March
3807:
3801:
3799:
3794:
3787:
3786:
3784:Administrative
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3740:600–1100
3737:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3720:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3687:Teutonic Order
3684:
3661:
3660:External links
3658:
3657:
3656:
3643:
3638:978-0415691710
3637:
3623:
3617:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3596:
3581:
3566:
3537:
3535:, 49(1), 1–22.
3524:
3512:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3469:
3447:
3432:
3423:
3411:see references
3395:
3378:
3366:see references
3350:
3338:see references
3322:
3310:see references
3297:
3285:see references
3272:
3260:see references
3240:
3228:see references
3215:
3203:see references
3187:
3175:see references
3157:
3145:see references
3132:
3120:see references
3104:
3092:see references
3076:
3064:see references
3048:
3036:see references
3023:
3011:see references
2998:
2986:see references
2973:
2961:see references
2948:
2935:
2923:see references
2910:
2898:see references
2882:
2870:see references
2848:
2821:
2809:
2794:
2787:
2767:
2760:
2740:
2733:
2713:
2707:978-8311118089
2706:
2688:
2651:
2644:
2626:
2619:
2599:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2451:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2428:
2425:
2411:
2408:
2372:Roman Catholic
2345:Prusy Książęce
2319:Lutheran faith
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2276:
2273:
2074:
2071:
2020:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1862:
1861:Hungarian iron
1859:
1856:
1831:Conrad Letzkau
1809:, promoted by
1772:
1769:
1699:
1696:
1597:
1594:
1574:Kalisz in 1343
1545:Juliusz Kossak
1518:Culm (Chełmno)
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1425:Teutonic Order
1386:Culm (Chełmno)
1350:
1347:
1339:
1336:
1306:Middle Germany
1293:
1292:Cities founded
1290:
1181:
1178:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1141:
1127:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1057:Teutonic Order
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1033:Northern March
1027:
1026:
1013:
1012:
975:
972:
970:
967:
928:to become the
882:Peace of Thorn
835:personal union
820:Teutonic Order
804:Livonian Order
760:
757:
721:Peace of Thorn
656:Livonian Order
640:Teutonic Order
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
598:
592:
591:
584:
578:
577:
570:
564:
563:
556:
550:
549:
542:
533:
530:
529:
524:
516:
515:
510:
502:
501:
496:
484:
483:
478:
468:
467:
462:
458:
457:
454:
453:
450:
443:
440:
439:
436:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
413:
412:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
347:
344:
343:
338:
337:Historical era
334:
333:
328:
324:
323:
320:
319:
307:
304:
301:
300:
292:
289:
286:
285:
277:
274:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
257:(until 1525);
251:(until 1308);
245:
244:
236:
232:
231:
226:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
169:
167:
163:
162:
147:
143:
142:
132:(Prussia only)
119:
115:
114:
111:
103:
102:
97:
90:
89:
85:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
68:
67:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7565:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7446:
7443:
7406:
7398:
7397:
7394:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7322:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7101:
7098:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7071:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7056:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7031:
7029:
7026:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:Crimean Goths
6989:
6988:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6955:
6954:Salian Franks
6952:
6950:
6947:
6946:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6930:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6676:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6650:
6649:
6646:
6645:
6643:
6641:
6637:
6631:
6628:
6626:
6623:
6621:
6618:
6616:
6613:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6599:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6511:
6510:
6507:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6392:Early culture
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6326:
6322:
6315:
6310:
6308:
6303:
6301:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6264:
6261:
6255:
6252:
6248:
6245:
6244:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6217:
6214:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6191:
6186:
6182:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6109:
6106:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6096:
6092:
6087:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6017:
6013:
6006:
6001:
5999:
5994:
5992:
5987:
5986:
5983:
5969:
5965:
5963:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5853:
5851:
5847:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5805:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5686:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5530:
5528:
5527:Lesser Poland
5524:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5488:
5483:
5482:
5479:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5450:
5447:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5426:
5423:
5422:Two Plus Four
5420:
5417:
5414:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5405:Warsaw (1970)
5403:
5401:
5400:Moscow (1970)
5398:
5395:
5392:
5389:
5386:
5383:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5365:
5362:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5321:
5318:
5317:Frederiksborg
5315:
5313:(1719 / 1720)
5312:
5309:
5308:
5306:
5302:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5285:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5240:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5219:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5210:
5206:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5182:Soldin (1466)
5180:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5163:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5106:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5097:Soldin (1309)
5095:
5092:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5066:
5059:
5055:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4956:West Germanic
4953:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4667:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4654:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4537:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4447:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:Contemporary
4408:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4310:Royal Prussia
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4211:Contemporary
4210:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:Köslin Region
4187:
4186:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:Royal Prussia
4153:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:List of Dukes
4141:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4120:
4116:classified as
4113:
4109:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4091:Contemporary
4090:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4054:Köslin Region
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4030:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Schlawe-Stolp
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4005:List of Dukes
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3986:
3981:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3958:Contemporary
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:List of Dukes
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3805:Billung March
3803:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3678:Ordensland.de
3676:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3634:
3630:
3624:
3620:
3618:3-520-37105-7
3614:
3610:
3605:
3604:
3592:
3585:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3541:
3534:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3504:
3497:
3492:
3486:, p. 54.
3485:
3480:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3436:
3427:
3420:
3419:3-520-37105-7
3416:
3412:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3375:
3374:3-520-37105-7
3371:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3355:
3347:
3346:3-520-37105-7
3343:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3318:3-520-37105-7
3315:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3294:
3293:3-520-37105-7
3290:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3269:
3268:3-520-37105-7
3265:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3237:
3236:3-520-37105-7
3233:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3212:
3211:3-520-37105-7
3208:
3204:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3184:
3183:3-520-37105-7
3180:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3162:
3154:
3153:3-520-37105-7
3150:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3129:
3128:3-520-37105-7
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3101:
3100:3-520-37105-7
3097:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3073:
3072:3-520-37105-7
3069:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3044:3-520-37105-7
3041:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3019:3-520-37105-7
3016:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2995:
2994:3-520-37105-7
2991:
2987:
2983:
2977:
2970:
2969:3-520-37105-7
2966:
2962:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2932:
2931:3-520-37105-7
2928:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2906:3-520-37105-7
2903:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:3-520-37105-7
2875:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2845:
2844:lizard union.
2841:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2818:
2813:
2806:
2801:
2799:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2692:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2570:
2564:
2556:
2554:
2545:
2539:
2531:
2529:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2447:
2438:
2435:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2368:Martin Luther
2361:
2360:Ducal Prussia
2357:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2328:Ducal Prussia
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2285:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2245:Royal Prussia
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2079:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:In 1402, the
2028:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1819:Scania Market
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1796:Johann Niebur
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:travelled to
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:Thorn (Toruń)
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1345:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1317:Magdeburg law
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:Bull of Rieti
1267:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1226:announced at
1225:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1045:Old Prussians
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
966:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
947:
941:
939:
935:
932:ruled by the
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
902:Prusy zakonne
899:
895:
891:
890:Royal Prussia
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
821:
817:
816:Cologne marks
813:
809:
805:
801:
800:Terra Mariana
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:
766:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:Prusy zakonne
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
662:
661:Terra Mariana
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
599:
597:
596:Royal Prussia
594:
593:
585:
583:
580:
579:
571:
569:
566:
565:
557:
555:
552:
551:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
528:
525:
518:
517:
514:
511:
504:
503:
500:
499:Old Prussians
497:
490:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
469:
466:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
441:
438:10 April 1525
437:
433:
427:
423:
420:
414:
410:
407:
401:
397:
394:
388:
384:
381:
375:
371:
368:
362:
358:
355:
349:
345:
342:
339:
335:
332:
329:
325:
321:
316:
315:Terra Mariana
311:
308:
302:
296:
293:
287:
281:
278:
272:
268:
264:
261:
256:
250:
246:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
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187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
174:
171:
170:
168:
164:
158:
151:
148:
144:
138:
128:
120:
116:
109:
104:
94:
82:
74:
69:
63:
56:
49:
42:
33:
30:
19:
7415:
6685:Anglo-Saxons
6675:Adrabaecampi
6658:Bucinobantes
6400:Architecture
6242:Dobrzyń Land
6197:
6158:Stato da Màr
5900:
5693:Sieradz Land
5141:Thorn, First
4969:Low Prussian
4926:
4770:Comb Ceramic
4755:Funnelbeaker
4717:anthropology
4616:
4534:with see in
4479:
4333:West Prussia
4304:
4248:Chełmno Land
3663:
3647:
3628:
3608:
3590:
3584:
3575:
3569:
3560:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3532:
3527:
3515:
3503:
3491:
3479:
3460:
3450:
3441:
3435:
3426:
3406:
3361:
3333:
3305:
3300:
3280:
3275:
3255:
3223:
3218:
3198:
3170:
3140:
3135:
3115:
3087:
3059:
3031:
3026:
3006:
3001:
2981:
2976:
2956:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2918:
2913:
2893:
2865:
2843:
2834:
2824:
2812:
2777:
2770:
2750:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2697:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2674:
2635:
2629:
2609:
2602:
2550:
2525:
2480:
2444:
2434:outer bailey
2430:
2416:World War II
2413:
2396:
2392:Church Order
2365:
2326:
2296:
2278:
2253:protectorate
2238:
2233:
2215:
2173:
2162:
2131:
2092:
2060:
2029:
2022:
2006:15th century
1954:Rhenish wine
1904:Flemish salt
1800:
1777:Großschäffer
1776:
1775:The Order's
1774:
1751:
1743:
1731:
1712:
1701:
1669:
1634:
1599:
1585:
1581:
1570:Dobrzyń Land
1550:
1502:Grand Master
1501:
1495:
1455:
1447:14th century
1375:
1352:
1349:13th century
1314:
1295:
1263:
1252:
1224:Frederick II
1221:
1213:Transylvania
1202:
1183:
1180:Papal edicts
1163:
1056:
977:
944:
942:
905:
893:
862:Chełmno Land
855:
832:
798:controlling
772:Chełmno Land
762:
736:
724:
710:
674:Chełmno Land
659:
619:
617:
481:Succeeded by
480:
475:
385:15 July 1410
262:(until 1561)
249:Grand Master
98:Coat of arms
29:
7437: /
7125:Nahanarvali
7048:Hilleviones
6961:Frisiavones
6829:Cananefates
6819:Burgundians
6730:Banochaemae
6580:Anglo-Saxon
6531:Anglo-Saxon
6497:Anglo-Saxon
6480:Anglo-Saxon
6463:Anglo-Saxon
5720:Lubusz Land
5295:Lund (1679)
5108:Ueckermünde
5006:West Slavic
4928:Ostsiedlung
4906:Slovincians
4765:Corded Ware
4740:Maglemosian
3967:Brandenburg
3682:(in German)
3556:(in German)
3520:Górski 1949
3508:Górski 1949
3496:Górski 1949
3484:Górski 1949
2944:Hochmeister
2942:in German:
2817:Górski 1949
2805:Górski 1949
2677:(in Polish)
2595:Górski 1949
2553:Ordensstaat
2456:Ostsiedlung
2410:Archaeology
2297:During the
2160:of Poland.
2087:Jan Matejko
1918:Wismar beer
1912:French wine
1713:During the
1553:Władysław I
1474:Władysław I
1286:Kaliningrad
1166:Yotvingians
1154:Brandenburg
1146:(from 1945)
1140:(from 1945)
1053:(1157–1618)
1006:Brandenburg
1004:History of
992:Kievan Rus'
814:for 19,000
527:Yotvingians
476:Preceded by
341:Middle Ages
327:Legislature
160:(1454–1525)
153:(1308–1454)
123:(1230–1466)
7452:Categories
7344:Vinoviloth
7132:Marcomanni
7115:Helveconae
7093:Heaðobards
7063:Istvaeones
7053:Ingaevones
7038:Hermunduri
7006:Ostrogoths
6996:Greuthungi
6874:Chattuarii
6700:Angrivarii
6695:Ampsivarii
6663:Lentienses
6492:Literature
6382:Viking Age
5664:Inowrocław
5545:Sandomierz
5358:Versailles
5261:Westphalia
5034:Slovincian
5024:Pomeranian
4964:Low German
4896:Kashubians
4790:Pomeranian
4713:Demography
4610:Historical
4602:Protestant
4473:Historical
4312:1466–1793
4273:Samborides
4148:Partitions
4020:Partitions
3840:Partitions
3601:References
2788:0198221363
2761:8788073300
2734:1576078000
2681:7 November
2645:0415371287
2620:0295980931
2559:pronounced
2534:pronounced
2510:Lithuanian
2493:pronounced
2176:Culmerland
2156:with King
2123:Tannenberg
2101:, and the
2063:gallstones
1875:Trave salt
1807:privateers
1782:bailiwicks
1754:Burgundian
1649:Harderwijk
1402:suffragans
1382:bishoprics
1342:See also:
1332:Lübeck law
1282:Königsberg
1217:Baltic Sea
1209:Burzenland
969:Background
636:Baltic Sea
359:March 1226
239:Theocratic
235:Government
224:Demonym(s)
179:Low German
157:Königsberg
150:Marienburg
7339:Vidivarii
7334:Victohali
7324:Vangiones
7257:Thuringii
7162:Nuithones
7058:Irminones
7021:Visigoths
7011:Thervingi
6971:Gambrivii
6924:Dulgubnii
6919:Dauciones
6869:Chasuarii
6809:Brondings
6735:Bastarnae
6725:Baiuvarii
6705:Armalausi
6668:Raetovari
6602:Languages
6570:Symbology
6430:Folklore
6425:Festivals
5960:With the
5886:Wallachia
5871:Volodymyr
5831:Pomerelia
5816:Pomerania
5808:Pomerania
5674:Gniewkowo
5394:Zgorzelec
5311:Stockholm
5250:Franzburg
5159:Perleberg
5029:Kashubian
4886:Velunzani
4846:Vidivarii
4760:Havelland
4538:1945–1972
4406:1975–1998
4395:1975–1998
4227:Pomerelia
4208:1975–1998
4124:Pomerelia
4088:1975–1998
3407:Die Hanse
3362:Die Hanse
3334:Die Hanse
3306:Die Hanse
3281:Die Hanse
3256:Die Hanse
3224:Die Hanse
3199:Die Hanse
3171:Die Hanse
3141:Die Hanse
3116:Die Hanse
3088:Die Hanse
3060:Die Hanse
3032:Die Hanse
3007:Die Hanse
2982:Die Hanse
2957:Die Hanse
2919:Die Hanse
2894:Die Hanse
2866:Die Hanse
2146:Pomesania
2138:Pomerelia
2115:Moldavian
2107:Ruthenian
1845:in 1398.
1749:in 1398.
1741:prevail.
1657:Amsterdam
1641:Zuiderzee
1390:Pomesania
1328:Lübeckers
1203:In 1211,
1174:Yotvingia
1118:Działdowo
878:Pogesania
874:Pomesania
858:Pomerelia
851:Lithuania
847:Samogitia
784:Lithuania
739:(Polish:
706:Samogitia
698:Pomerelia
424:1519–1521
398:1454–1466
213:Religion
175:(popular)
71:1226–1561
7405:Category
7312:Hasdingi
7297:Usipetes
7277:Tubantes
7262:Toxandri
7242:Tencteri
7217:Suarines
7202:Sicambri
7197:Semnones
7177:Reudigni
7147:Mattiaci
7137:Marsacii
7088:Lombards
7078:Lacringi
7073:Juthungi
6904:Corconti
6889:Cherusci
6864:Charudes
6844:Chaedini
6814:Bructeri
6799:Bateinoi
6770:Eburones
6765:Condrusi
6760:Caeroesi
6755:Atuatuci
6690:Ambrones
6653:Brisgavi
6648:Alemanni
6526:Paganism
6415:Clothing
6410:Calendar
6357:Germania
6277:Crusades
6155:Venetian
5881:Moldavia
5856:Kopanica
5798:Oświęcim
5793:Oleśnica
5788:Siewierz
5738:Racibórz
5508:Fiefdoms
5233:Augsburg
5227:Grimnitz
5192:Prenzlau
5062:Treaties
5014:Polabian
4861:Prissani
4800:Wielbark
4780:Lusatian
4238:Kociewie
4233:Kashubia
2832:(1917).
2450:See also
2399:Habsburg
2388:Lutheran
2184:Kneiphof
1988:Ash woad
1835:flotilla
1708:Novgorod
1510:Ditmarsh
1479:Waldemar
1464:and the
1246:and the
1194:crusades
922:monastic
769:Masovian
759:Overview
678:Courland
630:) was a
461:Currency
310:Gotthard
199:Livonian
194:Estonian
129:and part
7425:20°31′E
7422:54°43′N
7329:Varisci
7317:Silingi
7307:Vandals
7282:Tulingi
7272:Triboci
7267:Treveri
7247:Teutons
7237:Taifals
7212:Sitones
7152:Nemetes
7110:Helisii
7083:Lemovii
7001:Gutones
6934:Firaesi
6929:Favonae
6909:Cugerni
6899:Cobandi
6854:Chamavi
6849:Chaemae
6839:Casuari
6834:Caritni
6804:Betasii
6775:Paemani
6710:Auiones
6575:Warfare
6553:Scripts
6521:Numbers
6345:History
6190:Livonia
6185:Prussia
6042:vassals
5876:Podolia
5778:Cieszyn
5753:Legnica
5728:Silesia
5716:Silesia
5706:Sieradz
5701:Łęczyca
5689:Łęczyca
5679:Dobrzyń
5654:Kuyavia
5646:Kuyavia
5606:Masovia
5598:Masovia
5578:Gniezno
5550:Wiślica
5388:Potsdam
5102:Templin
5079:Kremmen
4836:Lemovii
4819:Peoples
4795:Oksywie
4785:Jastorf
4735:Hamburg
3835:Gützkow
2461:Prussia
2209:of the
1890:Herring
1855:Saffron
1843:Gotland
1771:Trading
1765:embargo
1761:Flemish
1676:Hamburg
1661:Brielle
1653:Cologne
1618:England
1614:Øresund
1600:In the
1586:Pomorze
1566:Kuyavia
1414:Gotland
1404:to the
1371:Estonia
1363:Livonia
1338:History
1310:Silesia
1232:Livonia
1228:Catania
1198:knights
1136:within
1134:Masuria
1110:Present
1081:within
1010:Prussia
828:Neumark
824:Gotland
818:to the
765:Prussia
747:of the
745:fiefdom
694:Neumark
690:Estonia
686:Livonia
682:Gotland
666:Estonia
648:Prussia
444:•
430:•
417:•
404:•
391:•
378:•
365:•
352:•
331:Estates
280:Hermann
146:Capital
7349:Warini
7302:Vagoth
7287:Tungri
7252:Thelir
7232:Swedes
7227:Sunici
7192:Saxons
7187:Rugini
7120:Manimi
7105:Diduni
7043:Heruli
6981:Gepids
6966:Frisii
6944:Franks
6894:Cimbri
6884:Chauci
6879:Chatti
6792:Nervii
6787:Morini
6745:Belgae
6740:Batavi
6715:Avarpi
6680:Angles
6640:Groups
6590:Viking
6536:Gothic
6514:Gothic
6420:Family
6095:Greece
6059:Marash
6029:Levant
5773:Lwówek
5748:Lubusz
5743:Głogów
5621:Warsaw
5611:Czersk
5588:Wieluń
5583:Kalisz
5573:Poznań
5540:Kraków
5512:Poland
5454:(1996)
5448:(1993)
5442:(1991)
5436:(1991)
5430:(1990)
5424:(1990)
5418:(1989)
5412:(1975)
5396:(1951)
5390:(1945)
5384:(1939)
5378:(1933)
5372:(1929)
5366:(1925)
5360:(1919)
5349:(1866)
5343:(1815)
5341:Vienna
5337:(1814)
5331:(1807)
5329:Tilsit
5319:(1720)
5286:(1660)
5280:(1657)
5274:(1656)
5272:Labiau
5263:(1648)
5252:(1627)
5241:(1569)
5239:Lublin
5235:(1555)
5229:(1529)
5223:(1525)
5221:Kraków
5217:(1521)
5200:(1493)
5198:Pyritz
5178:(1435)
5167:(1427)
5161:(1427)
5155:(1422)
5149:(1415)
5143:(1411)
5132:(1390)
5130:Pyzdry
5116:(1343)
5114:Kalisz
5110:(1327)
5104:(1317)
5093:(1282)
5087:(1250)
5085:Landin
5081:(1236)
5019:Polish
4881:Lutici
4876:Veleti
4871:Ukrani
4826:Gepids
4805:Gustow
4640:Extant
4546:Extant
4010:Cammin
3652:Poznań
3635:
3615:
3558:) on:
3467:
3417:
3372:
3344:
3316:
3291:
3266:
3234:
3209:
3181:
3151:
3126:
3098:
3070:
3042:
3017:
2992:
2967:
2929:
2904:
2876:
2785:
2758:
2731:
2704:
2642:
2617:
2518:Polish
2485:German
2341:Polish
2333:German
2257:Poland
2226:Kraków
2180:Elbing
2044:Kraków
2040:Poland
1996:Butter
1974:Barley
1884:Pepper
1869:Ginger
1803:piracy
1672:Bremen
1645:Elburg
1637:Kampen
1626:Lübeck
1462:Poland
1429:Warmia
1421:canons
1367:Latvia
1236:Sambia
1150:Berlin
1130:Warmia
910:Polish
898:Polish
870:Warmia
792:Polish
788:German
729:Polish
670:Latvia
295:Albert
265:
229:Teuton
204:Polish
137:Poland
118:Status
58:
48:German
44:
7222:Suebi
7207:Sciri
7182:Rugii
7172:Quadi
7157:Njars
7142:Marsi
7100:Lugii
7068:Jutes
7033:Harii
7028:Gutes
6986:Goths
6976:Geats
6914:Danes
6859:Chali
6780:Segni
6720:Baemi
6563:Runes
6548:Rings
6541:Norse
6509:Names
6502:Norse
6485:Norse
6468:Norse
5891:Caffa
5866:Chełm
5861:Spisz
5783:Brzeg
5768:Bytom
5763:Żagań
5758:Jawor
5733:Opole
5636:Wizna
5616:Płock
5284:Oliva
5215:Thorn
5153:Melno
5091:Kępno
4901:Poles
4841:Rugii
4831:Goths
2549:) or
2472:Notes
2441:Coins
2401:-led
2188:Thorn
2111:Tatar
1991:4.75
1982:Honey
1963:5.75
1946:Wheat
1940:Steel
1932:Flour
1915:109.5
1901:237.5
1879:12.5
1787:amber
1704:Pskov
1630:Saxon
1506:Diets
1410:Visby
1230:that
904:) or
735:) or
624:Latin
184:Latin
62:Latin
7292:Ubii
6939:Fosi
6824:Buri
6188:and
5718:and
5631:Belz
5626:Rawa
5335:Kiel
4866:Rani
4715:and
3633:ISBN
3613:ISBN
3465:ISBN
3415:ISBN
3370:ISBN
3342:ISBN
3314:ISBN
3289:ISBN
3264:ISBN
3232:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3179:ISBN
3149:ISBN
3124:ISBN
3096:ISBN
3068:ISBN
3040:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2990:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2927:ISBN
2902:ISBN
2874:ISBN
2783:ISBN
2756:ISBN
2729:ISBN
2702:ISBN
2683:2020
2640:ISBN
2615:ISBN
2397:The
2354:The
2251:and
2249:fief
2239:The
2207:fief
2113:and
2081:The
1977:4.2
1935:7.5
1926:Rice
1921:7.5
1872:1040
1858:7040
1734:Zwin
1674:and
1659:and
1647:and
1578:fief
1568:and
1555:and
1535:The
1396:and
1369:and
1308:and
1302:Oder
1300:and
1298:Elbe
1280:and
1152:and
1077:and
1008:and
918:fief
876:and
864:and
826:and
790:and
715:and
668:and
618:The
465:Mark
127:Fief
86:Flag
7167:Osi
6475:Law
6405:Art
6332:of
5510:of
4122:or
2508:;
2255:of
2144:in
2042:in
1999:30
1968:Oil
1960:Rye
1898:Wax
1893:12
1887:640
1864:21
1805:by
1435:).
1412:on
1288:).
134:of
7454::
6200:*
4245:,
4240:,
4235:,
3625:*
3409:,
3398:^
3381:^
3364:,
3353:^
3336:,
3325:^
3308:,
3283:,
3258:,
3243:^
3226:,
3201:,
3190:^
3173:,
3160:^
3143:,
3118:,
3107:^
3090:,
3079:^
3062:,
3051:^
3034:,
3009:,
2984:,
2959:,
2921:,
2896:,
2885:^
2868:,
2851:^
2842:.
2840:45
2797:^
2673:.
2654:^
2583:^
2520::
2516:;
2512::
2491:,
2487::
2394:.
2370:,
2343::
2339:;
2335::
2305:,
2284:.
2186:,
2182:,
2129:.
2109:,
2058:.
1985:35
1971:60
1957:66
1949:7
1943:75
1929:80
1907:8
1682:,
1520:,
1516:,
1493:.
1392:,
1388:,
1384::
1373:.
1219:.
1132:,
965:.
940:.
912::
900::
853:.
731::
708:.
696:,
692:,
688:,
684:,
680:,
676:,
626::
6452:)
6313:e
6306:t
6299:v
6218:*
6004:e
5997:t
5990:v
5691:-
5500:e
5493:t
5486:v
4349:)
4345:(
4250:)
4231:(
3716:e
3709:t
3702:v
3641:.
3621:.
3473:.
3421:.
3376:.
3348:.
3320:.
3295:.
3270:.
3238:.
3213:.
3185:.
3155:.
3130:.
3102:.
3074:.
3046:.
3021:.
2996:.
2971:.
2933:.
2908:.
2880:.
2791:.
2764:.
2737:.
2710:.
2685:.
2648:.
2623:.
2557:(
2532:(
2331:(
2121:(
2089:)
1547:)
1284:(
908:(
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727:(
700:(
622:(
317:)
64:)
60:(
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
