1015:
1026:
4329:
210:
4343:
6461:
377:
4357:
47:
4310:འགྲོ་ བ་ མིའི་ རིགས་ རྒྱུད་ ཡོངས་ ལ་ སྐྱེས་ ཙམ་ ཉིད་ ནས་ ཆེ་ མཐོངས་ དང༌། ཐོབ་ ཐངགི་ རང་ དབང་ འདྲ་ མཉམ་ དུ་ ཡོད་ ལ། ཁོང་ ཚོར་ རང་ བྱུང་ གི་ བློ་ རྩལ་ དང་ བསམ་ ཚུལ་ བཟང་ པོ་ འདོན་ པའི་ འོས་ བབས་ ཀྱང་ ཡོད། དེ་ བཞིན་ ཕན་ ཚུན་ གཅིག་ གིས་ གཅིག་ ལ་ བུ་ སྤུན་ གྱི་ འདུ་ ཤེས་ འཛིན་ པའི་ བྱ་ སྤྱོད་ ཀྱང་ ལག་ ལེན་ བསྟར་ དགོས་ པ་ ཡིན༎
4313:'gro ba mi'i rigs rgyud yongs la skyes tsam nyid nas che mthongs dang thob thangagi rang dbang 'dra mnyam du yod la khong tshor rang byung gi blo rtsal dang bsam tshul bzang po 'don pa'i 'os babs kyang yod de bzhin phan tshun gcig gis gcig la bu spun gyi 'du shes 'dzin pa'i bya spyod kyang lag len bstar dgos pa yin
3712:
stated that "none of the many recent studies of endangered languages deems
Tibetan to be imperiled, and language maintenance among Tibetans contrasts with language loss even in the remote areas of Western states renowned for liberal policies... claims that primary schools in Tibet teach Mandarin are
3290:
The Lhasa dialect is usually described as having two tones: high and low. However, in monosyllabic words, each tone can occur with two distinct contours. The high tone can be pronounced with either a flat or a falling contour, and the low tone can be pronounced with either a flat or rising-falling
963:
is a well-known feature of
Tibetan verb morphology, gaining much scholarly attention, and contributing substantially to the understanding of evidentiality across languages. The evidentials in Standard Tibetan interact with aspect in a system marked by final copulae, with the following resultant
3183:(འི་), at the end of a word produces a long vowel in Lhasa Tibetan; the feature is sometimes omitted in phonetic transcriptions. In normal spoken pronunciation, a lengthening of the vowel is also frequently substituted for the sounds and when they occur at the end of a syllable.
3748:
3691:
claiming, "The
Chinese government are following a deliberate policy of extinguishing all that is Tibetan, including their own language in their own country" and he asserted a right for Tibetans to express themselves "in their mother tongue". However,
3128:, there are cases in which one syllable ends with the same sound as the one following it. The result is that the first is pronounced as an open syllable but retains the vowel typical of a closed syllable. For instance,
3703:
Some scholars also question such claims because most
Tibetans continue to reside in rural areas where Chinese is rarely spoken, as opposed to Lhasa and other Tibetan cities where Chinese can often be heard. In the
3717:
in 1996; today, Mandarin is introduced in early grades only in urban schools.... Because less than four out of ten TAR Tibetans reach secondary school, primary school matters most for their cultural formation."
3745:
THL Tibetan to
English Translation Tool – A webpage that annotates Tibetan text various English meanings and translations, with 10+ dictionaries integrated. A downloadable version is also available.
4601:
5397:
Maslak, Mary Ann (February 2008). "School as a site of
Tibetan ethnic identity construction in India? Results from a content analysis of textbooks and Delphi study of teachers' perspectives".
3751:– A demonstrative website (slow in response) translating Tibetan to Chinese, developed by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. It works well on Tibetan text from official Chinese News websites.
786:. These are generally marked by particles, which are attached to entire noun phrases, rather than individual nouns. These suffixes may vary in form based on the final sound of the root.
2319:(such as employed on much of this page), while linguists tend to use other special transliteration systems of their own. As for transcriptions meant to approximate the pronunciation,
6873:
6864:
3739:
3733:
5868:" ... contains a facsimile of the original publication in manuscript, the first printed version of 1883, and the later Addenda published with the Third Edition."—P. of cover.
3291:
contour, the latter being a tone that rises to a medium level before falling again. It is normally safe to distinguish only between the two tones because there are very few
545:, speakers of Khams Tibetan are able to communicate at a basic level with Lhasa Tibetan, while Amdo speakers cannot. Both Lhasa Tibetan and Khams Tibetan evolved to become
6145:
5424:
4316:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
4785:
2934:
is still present, but its modern pronunciation is normally realized as a nasalisation of the preceding vowel, rather than as a discrete consonant (see above). However,
930:
of the verb affects which verbal suffixes and which final auxiliary copulae are attached. Morphologically, verbs in the unaccomplished aspect are marked by the suffix
3598:, a PhD scholar of religion from Columbia University, explorer and practitioner of Yoga and Tibetan Buddhism, published, after his 1936/37 trip to India and Tibet,
3570:
in 1841. His access to
Mongolian sources had enabled him to enrich the results of his labours with a certain amount of information unknown to his predecessors. His
5538:
4995:
4614:
3483:
may all occur with all three grammatical persons, though early descriptions associated the personal modal category with
European first-person agreement.
3700:
does make efforts to accommodate
Tibetan cultural expression" and "the cultural activity taking place all over the Tibetan plateau cannot be ignored."
941:
for nouns, whereas accomplished aspect verbs do not use this suffix. Each can be broken down into two subcategories: under the unaccomplished aspect,
1072:
used in counting in
Tibetan. However, words expressive of a collective or integral are often used after the tens, sometimes after a smaller number.
4834:
5344:
6258:
4520:
2982:
The vowels of Lhasa Tibetan have been characterized and described in several different ways, and it continues to be a topic of ongoing research.
3179:
Phonemic vowel length exists in Lhasa Tibetan but in a restricted set of circumstances. Assimilation of Classical Tibetan's suffixes, normally '
5896:
4662:
3726:
An incomplete list of machine translation software or applications that can translate Tibetan language from/to a variety of other languages.
3665:
3680:, India, where the Ministry of Human Resource Development curriculum requires academic subjects to be taught in English from middle school.
10152:
7850:
5563:
4751:
6021:
6063:
6037:
Translations of Tibetan texts, Tibetan language courses & publications by Erick Tsiknopoulos and the Trikāya Translation Committee.
4568:
3656:
is conducted either primarily or entirely in the Tibetan language, and bilingual education is rarely introduced before students reach
7115:
2815:
2327:, while English language materials use the THL transcription system. Certain names may also retain irregular transcriptions, such as
17:
3529:(1784–1842), who published the first Tibetan–European language dictionary (Classical Tibetan and English in this case) and grammar,
1276:
The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 10 change spelling when combined with other numerals, reflecting a change in pronunciation in combination.
3295:
that differ only because of contour. The difference occurs only in certain words ending in the sounds or ; for instance, the word
5484:
3326:
In polysyllabic words, tone is not important except in the first syllable. This means that from the point of view of phonological
2524:
in this language, where at least two tonemes are distinguished. Although the four tone analysis is favored by linguists in China,
9745:
7894:
5513:
3736:– A Beta-version WeChat Mini Program that translate between Tibetan language to/from Chinese. (invitation from WeChat users only)
5907:
A Tibetan–English dictionary, with special reference to the prevailing dialects: To which is added an English-Tibetan vocabulary
5428:
1259:
Tibetan makes use of a special connector particle for the units above each multiple of ten. Between 100 and 199, the connective
4932:
2851:
702:
4865:
6181:
5774:
5713:
5450:
Sperling, Elliot (2000). "Exile and Dissent: The Historical and Cultural Context". In Harris, Melissa; Jones, Sydney (eds.).
5217:
4964:
4828:
4777:
4708:
4656:
4504:
3779:
499:
458:
422:
1014:
923:
is orthogonal to volition; both the volitional and non-volitional classes contain transitive as well as intransitive verbs.
7912:
6251:
2858:
2808:
2785:
2751:
356:
5613:
8039:
946:
5588:
10132:
5992:
5861:
5839:
5736:
3688:
2892:
is voicing. The dialect of the upper social strata in Lhasa does not use voiced stops and affricates in the low tone.
390:
5946:
Naga, Sangye Tandar (2010). Vitali, Roberto (ed.). "Some Reflections on the Mysterious Nature of Tibetan Language".
1025:
7843:
6460:
5659:
3112:
Three additional vowels are sometimes described as significantly distinct: or , which is normally an allophone of
7942:
6985:
6187:
3053:
1083:
346:
3520:(Rome, 1762, 4t0), a ponderous and confused compilation, which may be still referred to, but with great caution.
6244:
6056:
5534:
3496:
3081:
5634:
5286:
5252:
4987:
336:
7108:
4552:
Gelek, Konchok (2017). "Variation, contact, and change in language: Varieties in Yul shul (northern Khams)".
4443:
3697:
3058:
2778:
2679:
2324:
1049:
253:
3516:
sent home materials which were used by the Augustine friar Aug. Antonio Georgi of Rimini (1711–1797) in his
284:
271:
10142:
8975:
8035:
7587:
7043:
6990:
6646:
6006:
5761:. London Oriental and African Language Library. Vol. 3. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
3677:
3067:
2771:
2737:
1037:
698:
687:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3191:
3187:
3169:
3165:
3121:
3117:
3113:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2877:
10147:
10137:
10127:
7890:
7836:
7486:
7036:
6691:
6613:
6329:
3676:
disciplines in Tibetan at a number of minority colleges in China. This contrasts with Tibetan schools in
3025:
2822:
2794:
2673:
794:
570:
229:
4808:
3526:
7524:
7161:
5340:
5132:
3101:
2831:
2654:
2640:
2497:
is allowed and codas are only allowed with a single consonant. Vowels can be either short or long, and
5849:
4528:
3536:
10162:
10157:
8884:
7393:
7132:
6936:
6383:
6304:
6049:
3030:
2938:
is not pronounced in the final position of a word except in very formal speech. Also, syllable-final
2693:
2569:
1086:, forming a base-10 positional counting system that is attested early on in Classical Tibetan texts.
904:
Verbs in Tibetan can be split into monovalent and divalent verbs; some may also act as both, such as
706:
519:
5921:. Trübner's collection of simplified grammars. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). London: Trübner & co.
2965:, which were pronounced in Classical Tibetan but have since been elided. For instance, the word for
2946:
are often not clearly pronounced but realized as a lengthening of the preceding vowel. The phonemic
9365:
8904:
8869:
7970:
7459:
7347:
7311:
7124:
7101:
7017:
6620:
6433:
3039:
2529:
869:
615:
330:
108:
5794:"Review of 'Becoming Bilingual in School and Home in Tibetan Areas of China: Stories of Struggle'"
4632:
10066:
9760:
9018:
8929:
8811:
8806:
7388:
7011:
6797:
6681:
2707:
558:
220:
103:
67:
5854:
A short practical grammar of the Tibetan language, with special reference to the spoken dialects
5559:
9789:
9606:
9288:
8113:
8108:
8079:
8067:
7057:
7050:
6830:
6764:
6267:
5984:
5207:
4736:
2298:
920:
861:
542:
98:
10078:
10054:
9777:
9740:
8238:
7657:
7000:
6950:
6506:
6173:
4954:
4610:
4435:
3595:
3506:
3331:
2802:
2601:
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2308:
1330:
1311:
1288:
1057:
865:
664:
631:
605:
583:
491:
450:
414:
9952:
1273:
million, the numbers are treated as nouns and thus have their multiples following the word.
9725:
9586:
9405:
9385:
9370:
9106:
9071:
8879:
6812:
6658:
6604:
4583:
3760:
2900:
2610:
727:
721:
4603:
Language variation and change in an Amdo Tibetan village: Gender, education and resistance
2297:
phonology and helps unify the Tibetan-language area. It is also helpful in reconstructing
8:
10038:
10018:
9782:
9709:
9410:
9360:
9355:
8766:
8333:
7917:
7504:
7269:
7230:
6995:
6585:
6412:
6343:
5916:
5728:
4385:
3559:
3125:
2763:
2744:
2730:
2722:
2700:
2686:
2667:
2661:
2647:
2633:
2564:
1147:
1053:
9395:
9380:
7995:
5964:
3664:. In April 2020, classroom instruction was switched from Tibetan to Mandarin Chinese in
911:"break". This interacts with the volition of the verb to condition which nouns take the
9983:
9755:
9689:
9638:
9591:
9535:
9265:
9208:
8934:
8090:
7859:
7739:
7620:
7499:
7419:
7403:
6836:
6445:
6311:
6215:
5951:
5890:
5703:
5488:
3714:
3669:
3614:
3335:
3120:; and (an unrounded, centralised, mid front vowel), which is normally an allophone of
2617:
2559:
2554:
2517:
1065:
927:
846:
842:
838:
790:
749:
745:
546:
9390:
8000:
7695:
5905:
5509:
3346:
The Lhasa Tibetan verbal system distinguishes four tenses and three evidential moods.
322:
9962:
9622:
9496:
9441:
9333:
9241:
9236:
9193:
9115:
8846:
8826:
8751:
8728:
8501:
8383:
8353:
8195:
8186:
8138:
8128:
7975:
7907:
7774:
7685:
7647:
7352:
7296:
7156:
6944:
6904:
6882:
6847:
6841:
6806:
6744:
6738:
6718:
6512:
6500:
6483:
6391:
6337:
6317:
6198:
6095:
6084:
6011:
5988:
5978:
5974:
5857:
5835:
5780:
5770:
5732:
5709:
5699:
5367:
5213:
5152:
4960:
4824:
4652:
4500:
3653:
3327:
2843:
2581:
2494:
1061:
965:
677:"): the literary style in which the scriptures and other classical works are written.
641:
554:
550:
526:
393:, you may see very small fonts, misplaced vowels or missing conjuncts instead of
160:
119:
4924:
352:
10033:
10028:
9998:
9957:
9937:
9826:
9821:
9765:
9735:
9684:
9573:
9446:
9426:
9375:
9342:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9251:
9246:
9228:
9076:
9066:
8970:
8919:
8914:
8889:
8816:
8509:
8486:
8481:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8363:
8303:
8228:
8171:
8166:
8151:
7922:
7873:
7764:
7595:
7542:
7494:
7449:
7398:
7316:
7287:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7182:
7093:
6965:
6925:
6895:
6869:
6819:
6777:
6686:
6663:
6556:
6536:
6493:
6418:
6281:
6220:
6151:
6002:
5966:
Hand-book of colloquial Tibetan: A practical guide to the language of Central Tibet
5805:
5762:
5406:
5379:
5341:"Classroom Instruction Switch From Tibetan to Chinese in Ngaba Sparks Worry, Anger"
5144:
4857:
4816:
4644:
4362:
3766:
3661:
3480:
2884:
lose some of their aspiration. Thus, in this context, the main distinction between
1184:
1033:
1009:
478:
394:
384:
114:
9581:
7705:
6543:
4700:
3592:
Ant. Schiefner of St Petersburg in 1849 his series of translations and researches.
3124:. These sounds normally occur in closed syllables; because Tibetan does not allow
10013:
10003:
9993:
9942:
9932:
9806:
9679:
9674:
9669:
9558:
9548:
9543:
9511:
9501:
9486:
9476:
9466:
9436:
9400:
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9218:
9198:
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9128:
9123:
9046:
8985:
8965:
8960:
8955:
8899:
8791:
8761:
8710:
8685:
8670:
8644:
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8619:
8604:
8549:
8491:
8476:
8471:
8456:
8451:
8396:
8328:
8308:
8243:
8218:
8146:
8123:
8025:
7990:
7985:
7960:
7932:
7927:
7797:
7784:
7769:
7759:
7754:
7600:
7572:
7454:
7429:
7342:
7248:
7219:
7187:
6957:
6911:
6770:
6652:
6591:
6425:
6372:
6363:
6349:
6202:
6156:
6100:
5873:
5686:
Chang, Kun; Chang, Betty Shefts (1968). "Vowel harmony in spoken Lhasa Tibetan".
4959:. Routledge Studies in East Asian Translation. Taylor & Francis. p. 34.
4492:
4409:
4404:
The name "Lhasa Tibetan" is the preferred name, as in Chapter 19: Lhasa Tibetan,
4370:
4342:
3640:
3540:
3267:
3047:
2588:
2576:
2284:
1297:
1293:
1221:
916:
877:
850:
779:
763:
674:
530:
187:
124:
90:
3742:– A WeChat Mini Program that translate between Tibetan language to/from Chinese.
10023:
9967:
9947:
9750:
9715:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9601:
9553:
9491:
9461:
9456:
9318:
9308:
9273:
9183:
9148:
9133:
9081:
9041:
9036:
9031:
8980:
8924:
8894:
8874:
8864:
8859:
8836:
8756:
8741:
8736:
8705:
8680:
8665:
8660:
8629:
8624:
8614:
8609:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8539:
8514:
8461:
8373:
8358:
8323:
8293:
8288:
8268:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8176:
8161:
8103:
8098:
8005:
7965:
7950:
7813:
7792:
7725:
7700:
7690:
7680:
7670:
7665:
7615:
7610:
7577:
7552:
7547:
7514:
7509:
7469:
7464:
7444:
7439:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7224:
7214:
7166:
7027:
7005:
6919:
6888:
6824:
6784:
6758:
6732:
6709:
6632:
6578:
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6519:
6397:
6323:
6225:
6177:
6126:
4648:
4427:
3783:
3312:
3300:
3075:
2896:
2627:
2525:
2320:
2316:
2280:
2263:), with the exception of the ordinal number "first", which has its own lexeme,
950:
793:, showing singular, dual and plural forms. They can have between one and three
507:
483:
466:
442:
430:
406:
182:
172:
7980:
5410:
5383:
4820:
4469:
2482:
The following summarizes the sound system of the dialect of Tibetan spoken in
10121:
10008:
9882:
9858:
9801:
9630:
9563:
9521:
9506:
9431:
9283:
9188:
9061:
9056:
8909:
8821:
8801:
8796:
8786:
8776:
8771:
8746:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8675:
8634:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8554:
8544:
8534:
8529:
8519:
8466:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8368:
8348:
8343:
8338:
8318:
8298:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8233:
8223:
8208:
8203:
8156:
8118:
8020:
8010:
7675:
7605:
7368:
7321:
6751:
6673:
6439:
6404:
6356:
6105:
6025:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 919–921.
6016:
5936:
5784:
5609:
5156:
4380:
3709:
3657:
3157:(lotus-foot, government minister) is pronounced . This process can result in
3007:
2506:
2332:
960:
954:
938:
912:
854:
801:
775:
771:
767:
717:
adjectives generally follow nouns in Tibetan, unless the two are linked by a
618:
or deference, courtesy"): the formal spoken style, particularly prominent in
534:
7086:
indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.
6131:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5305:
5303:
9988:
9853:
9816:
9516:
9481:
9471:
9451:
9323:
9203:
9168:
9158:
9153:
9138:
9026:
8950:
8854:
8831:
8524:
8391:
8313:
8263:
8213:
8015:
7955:
7434:
7337:
6725:
6641:
6597:
6526:
6137:
6110:
5817:
Hahn, Michael (July 2008). "Foundational Questions of Tibetan Morphology".
5584:
5148:
4375:
4334:
3730:藏译通 – Zangyitong, a mobile app for translating between Tibetan and Chinese.
3684:
3491:
In the 18th and 19th centuries several Western linguists arrived in Tibet:
3338:, in the latter of which all syllables in a word can carry their own tone.
3292:
3158:
3147:
2985:
Tournadre and Sangda Dorje describe eight vowels in the standard language:
2947:
2714:
2498:
2312:
2290:
1069:
942:
894:"*See!". Additionally, only volitional verbs can take the egophoric copula
783:
538:
5809:
4440:
bod yig brda tshad ldan du sgyur ba'i las don u yon lhan khang gis bsgrigs
593:
306:
9899:
9875:
9848:
9838:
9811:
9796:
9772:
9596:
9173:
9096:
9091:
9051:
8781:
7537:
7071:
6286:
6089:
5315:
5300:
4633:"Vernacular Literacy in Tibet: Present Debates and Historical Beginnings"
4348:
3019:
3002:
2510:
2502:
2302:
2294:
1019:
289:
276:
155:
6236:
5955:
732:
a noun marked with the genitive case precedes the noun which it modifies
9927:
9865:
9843:
9213:
9086:
7532:
5793:
4809:"1 The contribution of Tibetan languages to the study of evidentiality"
4474:
3693:
3673:
3263:
3173:
3093:
3012:
710:
4885:
4883:
4682:
4680:
2323:
is the official romanization system employed by the government of the
2255:
Ordinal numbers are formed by adding a suffix to the cardinal number,
9904:
9892:
9887:
9831:
9163:
7902:
7828:
7064:
6705:
6470:
6277:
4782:
Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society
2541:
1045:
315:
299:
263:
245:
5766:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4900:
4898:
2930:
may appear in syllable-final positions. The Classical Tibetan final
9870:
7424:
6210:
6041:
6036:
5274:
5240:
4880:
4677:
4356:
3610:
3574:(1851–1868) is a valuable collection of documents and observations.
3513:
2490:
1076:
718:
364:
3660:. However, Chinese is the language of instruction of most Tibetan
3577:
In France, P. E. Foucaux published in 1847 a translation from the
3307:, "piece") is pronounced with a high flat tone, whereas the word
3262:, along with all other coronal final consonants, caused a form of
3246:, and are reflected in the written language. The vowel quality of
9909:
6566:
5368:"Education in Rural Tibet: Development, Problems and Adaptations"
4895:
4432:བོད་ཡིག་བརྡ་ཚད་ལྡན་དུ་སྒྱུར་བའི་ལས་དོན་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང་གིས་བསྒྲིགས་
3713:
in error. Tibetan was the main language of instruction in 98% of
2992:
2973:
in Classical Tibetan but is now pronounced in the Lhasa dialect.
2544:
2521:
964:
modalities being a feature of Standard Tibetan, as classified by
748:, although this may be marked lexically, nor do they inflect for
360:
71:
4567:
Makley, Charlene; Dede, Keith; Hua, Kan; Wang, Qingshan (1999).
3721:
2528:(2003) suggests that the falling tone and the final or are in
2315:
used by Western scholars in rendering written Tibetan using the
1075:
In scientific and astrological works, the numerals, as in Vedic
6479:
6294:
5425:"Report reveals determined Chinese assault on Tibetan language"
3754:
3544:
873:
834:
825:"that over there (yonder)". These can also take case suffixes.
3757:– A multilingual translation website with a few Tibetan words.
668:
650:
635:
609:
587:
6475:
6290:
5427:(Press release). Free Tibet. 21 February 2008. Archived from
5338:
3618:
3500:
2989:
2966:
2483:
2293:, with a historically conservative orthography that reflects
619:
522:. It is an official language of the Tibet Autonomous Region.
515:
215:
57:
6010:
5366:
Postiglione, Gerard; Jiao, Ben; Gyatso, Sonam (March 2005).
5187:
5175:
5163:
4547:
4545:
2532:, describing Lhasa Tibetan syllables as either high or low.
1266:, literally "and", is used after the hundred portion. Above
800:
The Standard Tibetan language distinguishes three levels of
5241:"ḥdug as a testimonial marker in Classical and Old Tibetan"
4988:"THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan"
3320:
5066:
5064:
4778:"Lhasa Tibetan Evidentials and the Semantics of Causation"
3696:
Elliot Sperling has noted that "within certain limits the
2509:
is observed in two syllable words as well as verbs with a
726:
objects and adverbs precede the verb, as do adjectives in
525:
In the traditional "three-branched" classification of the
363:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
46:
5688:
Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology (BIHP)
4542:
752:. However, definite human nouns may take a plural marker
234:
Committee for the Standardisation of the Tibetan Language
5915:
Jäschke, Heinrich August (1883). Heinrich Wenzel (ed.).
4491:
DeLancey, Scott (2017). "Chapter 19: Lhasa Tibetan". In
2880:
are voiced , whereas the aspirated stops and affricates
735:
demonstratives and numerals follow the noun they modify.
5088:
5061:
2486:, the most influential variety of the spoken language.
5465:
Sautman, Barry (2003). "Cultural Genocide and Tibet".
5076:
4609:(PhD thesis). Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of
658:
645:
625:
599:
577:
514:) is the Tibetan dialect spoken by educated people of
5679:
A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language
5365:
5275:"Contextual semantics of 'Lhasa' Tibetan evidentials"
5049:
5037:
3601:
A Simplified Grammar of the Literary Tibetan Language
3168:
in a closed syllable) and the phone (resulting from
1018:
Stone tablets with prayers in Tibetan at a Temple in
868:. The volition of the verb has a major effect on its
7123:
6001:
5326:
5309:
5021:. National Press for Tibetan Studies. pp. 9–17.
4889:
4686:
4324:
3509:, well known from his accurate description of Tibet,
569:
Like many languages, Lhasa Tibetan has a variety of
5705:
Tibetan–English Dictionary (with Sanskrit Synonyms)
4593:
3643:
published a grammar and dictionary of Lhasa Tibetan
3164:Sources vary on whether the phone (resulting from
880:forms, whilst non-volitional verbs do not: compare
860:Tibetan verbs can be divided into classes based on
5635:"110 new languages are coming to Google Translate"
4730:
4728:
4726:
4554:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
3330:, Tibetan could more accurately be described as a
3323:region") is pronounced with a high falling tone.
919:, remaining unmarked. Nonetheless, distinction in
857:; Tibetan verbs are neutral with regard to voice.
5938:Tonal and Intonational Phonology of Lhasa Tibetan
5660:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Tibetan"
5112:
5100:
5025:
4956:Delicious Words: East Asian Food Words in English
4566:
2953:appears only at the end of words in the place of
978:Allocentric intentional egophoric/Imminent danger
10119:
5339:Lobe Socktsang; Richard Finney. (9 April 2020).
4985:
4946:
4807:Hill, Nathan W.; Gawne, Lauren (24 April 2017).
3161:involving sounds that are otherwise allophones.
762:Tibetan has been described as having six cases:
4723:
3531:Essay Towards a Dictionary, Tibetan and English
3226:, respectively. These historically result from
833:Verbs in Tibetan always come at the end of the
6935:
6382:
5973:
5193:
5181:
5169:
4910:
7844:
7109:
6252:
6057:
5950:. 34–35 (3-2: The Earth Ox Papers): 561–566.
5930:(PhD thesis). Arlington: University of Texas.
5133:"How many vowels are there in Lhasa Tibetan?"
4858:"Features: Show: Table: The Main Auxiliaries"
4769:
3722:Machine translation software and applications
2903:; therefore, both are treated as one phoneme.
2338:Tibetan orthographic syllable structure is (C
6796:
4737:"The rhetorical use of the Tibetan ergative"
644:"): the written literary style; may include
27:Official dialect of Tibetan, spoken in Lhasa
5708:. Calcutta: Bengal Secretariat Book Depot.
5452:Tibet Since 1950: Silence, Prison, or Exile
5016:
4986:Germano, David; Tournadre, Nicolas (2003).
4624:
4521:"Fifty Years of Democratic Reform in Tibet"
3621:. Some of his other works on Tibetan were:
2899:() is in complementary distribution of the
8066:
7851:
7837:
7116:
7102:
6259:
6245:
6064:
6050:
5895:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5685:
5681:. Santa Barbara, CA: Tibetan Text Society.
5082:
4734:
1082:The written numerals are a variant of the
45:
6266:
5748:DeLancey, Scott (2003). "Lhasa Tibetan".
5124:
4806:
3769:– Whose support for Tibetan is supported.
3150:) is pronounced , but the compound word,
949:/general; under the accomplished aspect,
5962:
5875:Romanized Tibetan and English dictionary
5747:
5449:
5279:SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics
5094:
5070:
4775:
4701:"Features: Show: Verbs and Verb Phrases"
4599:
4490:
3687:, a UK MP, released a statement to mark
1024:
1013:
692:
5914:
5903:
5871:
5848:
5791:
5756:
5676:
5464:
5205:
5055:
5043:
4813:Evidential Systems of Tibetan Languages
4630:
4497:The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 2nd edition
4406:The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 2nd edition
3668:, Sichuan. Students who continue on to
3176:) are distinct or basically identical.
557:, especially when compared to the more
357:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
14:
10120:
7858:
5752:. London: Routledge. pp. 270–288.
5396:
5212:. Taylor & Francis. p. 1105.
4998:from the original on December 24, 2022
3116:; , which is normally an allophone of
1068:, there are no numeral auxiliaries or
9006:
8065:
7832:
7097:
6240:
6045:
5941:(Ph.D. thesis). University of Ottawa.
5829:
5137:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
5019:A beginning textbook of Lhasa Tibetan
4952:
4855:
4744:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
4698:
4576:Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area
4551:
3780:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
3763:– Has an option to Translate Tibetan.
3647:
1079:, are expressed by symbolical words.
937:or its other forms, identical to the
739:
549:and do not preserve the word-initial
477:
6071:
5969:. Calcutta: Thacker, Spink & Co.
5945:
5925:
5910:. London: Unger Brothers (T. Grimm).
5832:An Introduction to Classical Tibetan
5816:
5272:
5238:
5199:
5130:
5017:Droma, Nyima; Bartee, Ellen (2000).
4922:
3503:for a quarter of century from 1719:
3270:. In some unusual cases, the vowels
789:Personal pronouns are inflected for
703:subject–object–verb (SOV) word order
673:, literally "doctrine language" or "
10153:Languages written in Tibetan script
9007:
5934:
5722:
5698:
5560:"The Tibetan and Himalayan Library"
5535:"The Tibetan and Himalayan Library"
5118:
5106:
5031:
4735:Tournardre, Nicolas (Spring 1991).
4637:Anfangsgeschichten / Origin Stories
640:, literally "letters language" or "
529:, the Lhasa dialect belongs to the
24:
5670:
5467:Texas Journal of International Law
5347:from the original on 12 April 2020
4631:Kellner, Birgit (1 January 2018).
4463:
3706:Texas Journal of International Law
2362:) Not all combinations are licit.
701:, with what can loosely be termed
596:language"): the vernacular speech.
25:
10174:
7525:Lahuli–Spiti (Western Innovative)
6030:
5904:Jäschke, Heinrich August (1881).
5872:Jäschke, Heinrich August (1866).
4992:The Tibetan and Himalayan library
4665:from the original on 16 June 2022
3689:International Mother Language Day
3564:Grammatik der tibetischen Sprache
3100:
3080:
3066:
3057:
3052:
3038:
3029:
3024:
2876:In the low tone, the unaspirated
2857:
2850:
2830:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2793:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2672:
2666:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2593:
2489:The structure of a Lhasa Tibetan
2274:
975:Allocentric intentional egophoric
837:. Verbs do not show agreement in
553:, which makes them very far from
7125:Bodic (Tibeto-Kanauri) languages
6459:
5327:Waddell & de_Lacouperie 1911
5310:Waddell & de_Lacouperie 1911
4890:Waddell & de_Lacouperie 1911
4837:from the original on 12 May 2023
4788:from the original on 12 May 2023
4687:Waddell & de_Lacouperie 1911
4525:Official Chinese government site
4355:
4341:
4327:
3341:
375:
208:
7487:Ladakhi–Balti (Western Archaic)
6188:Modern Standard Tibetan grammar
5792:Francis, Norbert (March 2018).
5652:
5627:
5616:from the original on 2019-08-29
5602:
5591:from the original on 2020-01-21
5577:
5566:from the original on 2020-01-14
5552:
5541:from the original on 2020-01-21
5527:
5516:from the original on 2020-01-16
5502:
5487:. Xinhuanet.com. Archived from
5477:
5458:
5443:
5417:
5399:China: An International Journal
5390:
5372:China: An International Journal
5359:
5343:. Translated by Dorjee Damdul.
5332:
5289:from the original on 2016-02-16
5266:
5255:from the original on 2016-02-16
5232:
5010:
4979:
4935:from the original on 2020-07-03
4916:
4868:from the original on 5 May 2023
4849:
4800:
4757:from the original on 5 May 2023
4711:from the original on 5 May 2023
4692:
4613:. p. 19-21. Archived from
3773:
3628:Pathavali (Vols. 1, 2, 3), 1933
1044:Unlike many other languages of
887:"Look!" with the non-existent *
853:distinction between active and
83:(1.2 million cited 1990 census)
5143:(2). John Benjamins: 225–254.
4560:
4513:
4484:
4447:
4421:
4398:
3568:Tibetisch-deutsches Wörterbuch
3486:
3258:has shifted, since historical
993:Intentional/Habitual egophoric
13:
1:
6007:de Lacouperie, Albert Terrien
4569:"The Amdo Dialect of Labrang"
4456:
3581:, the Tibetan version of the
2535:
2311:is the most common system of
849:in Tibetan. There is also no
744:Tibetan nouns do not possess
5928:Verbalizers in Lhasa Tibetan
5926:Kopp, Teresa Kunkel (1998).
5856:. London: Hardinge Simpole.
5587:. Tibetan.iea.cass.cn:8081.
4600:Reynolds, Jermay J. (2012).
4527:. 2009-03-02. Archived from
4495:and Randy J. LaPolla (ed.).
3672:have the option of studying
3553:A Tibetan–English Dictionary
2890:/pʰ,tʰ,tsʰ,ʈʰ~ʈʂʰ,tɕʰ,cʰ,kʰ/
2477:
688:Modern Lhasa Tibetan grammar
564:
533:branch (the other two being
7:
5723:Das, Sarat Chandra (2004).
5209:Encyclopedia of Linguistics
4862:subjects.kmaps.virginia.edu
4705:subjects.kmaps.virginia.edu
4320:
4305:
4297:
4289:
4281:
4273:
4265:
4257:
4249:
4241:
4233:
4225:
4217:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4177:
4169:
4161:
4153:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4113:
4105:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3993:
3985:
3977:
3969:
3961:
3953:
3945:
3937:
3929:
3921:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3881:
3873:
3865:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3793:
3782:in Tibetan, written in the
3634:Tibbat May Budh Dharm, 1948
3617:wrote a Tibetan grammar in
3206:each have nasalized forms:
2882:/pʰ,tʰ,tsʰ,ʈʰ~ʈʂʰ,tɕ,cʰ,kʰ/
2289:Tibetan is written with an
2246:(a unit of) 1,000,000,000
1084:Hindu–Arabic numeral system
1003:
955:aorist or simple perfective
669:
651:
636:
610:
588:
10:
10179:
5980:Manual of Standard Tibetan
5798:China Review International
5750:The Sino-Tibetan Languages
5725:Tibetan-English dictionary
5677:Bernard, Theos C. (1946).
5512:. New.qq.com. 2019-04-30.
5194:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
5182:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
5170:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
4911:Tournadre & Dorje 2003
4649:10.30965/9783846763469_017
3605:. See the 'Books' section.
3135:(foot) is pronounced and
2325:People's Republic of China
2278:
1007:
984:Habitual/Generic assertive
685:
681:
10089:
10062:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
10047:
9976:
9920:
9724:
9662:
9615:
9572:
9534:
9419:
9341:
9332:
9264:
9227:
9114:
9105:
9017:
9013:
9002:
8943:
8845:
8727:
8653:
8500:
8382:
8194:
8185:
8137:
8089:
8078:
8074:
8061:
8054:
8034:
7941:
7889:
7882:
7866:
7806:
7783:
7747:
7738:
7718:
7656:
7640:
7633:
7586:
7565:
7523:
7485:
7478:
7412:
7361:
7330:
7312:Central Tibetan (Ü-Tsang)
7304:
7295:
7286:
7240:
7207:
7200:
7175:
7149:
7142:
7131:
7081:
7026:
6978:
6863:
6704:
6672:
6630:
6565:
6468:
6457:
6275:
6197:
6165:
6119:
6077:
6003:Waddell, Lawrence Austine
5963:Sandberg, Graham (1894).
5411:10.1080/00131910701794671
5384:10.1142/S0219747205000026
4821:10.1515/9783110473742-001
4431:
3543:which was established in
3316:
3304:
3142:(borrowing from Sanskrit
2977:
2867:
2865:
2847:
2836:
2829:
2806:
2790:
2783:
2769:
2767:
2756:
2726:
2659:
2615:
2608:
2599:
2592:
2575:
2568:
2558:
2553:
2493:is relatively simple; no
2217:(a unit of) 100,000,000
931:
905:
895:
888:
881:
819:
812:
805:
753:
659:
646:
626:
600:
578:
520:Tibetan Autonomous Region
487:
446:
410:
343:
329:
313:
297:
261:
243:
238:
228:
203:Official language in
201:
196:
169:
148:
87:
77:
63:
53:
44:
37:
32:
18:Standard Tibetan language
10133:Central Bodish languages
6146:Joyig, Monyig and Lhoyig
6012:"Tibet § Language"
5977:; Dorje, Sangda (2003).
5850:Jäschke, Heinrich August
5757:Denwood, Philip (1999).
5612:. Translate.panlex.org.
5273:Hill, Nathan W. (2013).
5239:Hill, Nathan W. (2013).
4776:DeLancey, Scott (1985).
4582:(1): 101. Archived from
4499:. Taylor & Francis.
4391:
3625:Tibbati Bal-Siksha, 1933
3285:
3266:in the Ü/Dbus branch of
2530:contrastive distribution
2188:(a unit of) 10,000,000
915:and which must take the
876:. Volitional verbs have
828:
707:Grammatical constituents
10059:Northern (Beijing) Sign
6022:Encyclopædia Britannica
5935:Lim, Keh Sheng (2018).
5830:Hodge, Stephen (2003).
4480:(subscription required)
3537:Heinrich August Jäschke
3282:may also be nasalised.
2156:(a unit of) 1,000,000
221:Tibet Autonomous Region
68:Tibet Autonomous Region
8068:Sino-Tibetan languages
5985:Snow Lion Publications
5329:, p. 920, note 2.
5312:, p. 920, note 1.
5149:10.1075/ltba.19004.gon
5083:Chang & Chang 1968
4302:
4294:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4078:
4070:
4062:
4054:
4046:
4038:
4030:
4022:
4014:
4006:
3998:
3990:
3982:
3974:
3966:
3958:
3950:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3894:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3778:From Article 1 of the
3631:Tibbati Vyakaran, 1933
1041:
1022:
981:Experiential egophoric
543:mutual intelligibility
383:This article contains
345:This article contains
6986:Central Tibeto-Burman
5810:10.1353/cri.2018.0012
5485:"藏语翻译软件应用"藏译通"上线-新华网"
5245:Himalayan Linguistics
4611:Georgetown University
4412:and Randy J. LaPolla.
3596:Theos Casimir Bernard
3507:Francesco della Penna
3332:pitch-accent language
2309:Wylie transliteration
2127:(a unit of) 100,000
1331:Wylie transliteration
1312:Wylie transliteration
1289:Wylie transliteration
1028:
1017:
990:Intentional egophoric
693:Syntax and word order
518:, the capital of the
7634:Tshangla-East Bodish
7425:Dzongkha (Bhutanese)
5491:on November 27, 2019
5206:Strazny, P. (2013).
4856:Tournadre, Nicolas.
4699:Tournadre, Nicolas.
3761:Microsoft Translator
3587:Grammaire thibétaine
3518:Alphabetum Tibetanum
3126:geminated consonants
2995:of Standard Tibetan
2901:alveolar approximant
2886:/p,t,ts,ʈ~ʈʂ,tɕ,c,k/
2878:/p,t,ts,ʈ~ʈʂ,tɕ,c,k/
2547:of Standard Tibetan
1634:nyi shu rtsa brgyad
10143:Languages of Bhutan
10102:NM = Inner Mongolia
7533:Lahuli (Stod Bhoti)
7044:Proto-Tibeto-Burman
5729:Motilal Banarsidass
5610:"PanLex Translator"
4923:lywa (2015-04-02).
4913:, pp. 131–134.
4386:Languages of Bhutan
3715:TAR primary schools
3560:Isaac Jacob Schmidt
3527:Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
2996:
2548:
2465:ག མ ང ད ལ ས ན བ ར འ
2366:
2019:bgya dang lnga bcu
1915:brgyad cu gya gcig
1650:(a unit of) 10,000
1400:nyi shu rtsa gynis
1148:Devanagari numerals
996:Receptive egophoric
892:<mthong shig>
818:"that", and distal
10148:Languages of Nepal
10138:Languages of Tibet
10128:Languages of China
9639:Formosan languages
7860:Languages of China
7037:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
6979:Proposed groupings
5975:Tournadre, Nicolas
5812:. lingbuzz/005092.
5700:Das, Sarat Chandra
5131:Gong, Xun (2020).
4953:Kiaer, J. (2020).
4408:(2017), edited by
3683:In February 2008,
3670:tertiary education
3652:In much of Tibet,
3648:Contemporary usage
3639:Japanese linguist
3615:Rahul Sankrityayan
3572:Tibetische Studien
3558:At St Petersburg,
3387:V་པ་ཡིན / V་བྱུང་
2988:
2540:
2365:
2299:Proto Sino-Tibetan
1798:lnga bcu nga gcig
1759:bzhi bcu zhe gcig
1595:nyi shu rtsa bdun
1556:nyi shu rtsa drug
1517:nyi shu rtsa lnga
1478:nyi shu rtsa bzhi
1439:nyi shu rtsa gsum
1042:
1036:, at a library in
1023:
746:grammatical gender
740:Nouns and pronouns
675:religious language
571:language registers
551:consonant clusters
479:[pʰø̀k˭ɛʔ]
395:Tibetan characters
10115:
10114:
9658:
9657:
9654:
9653:
9650:
9649:
9643:
9635:
9627:
9530:
9529:
9260:
9259:
8998:
8997:
8994:
8993:
8723:
8722:
8719:
8718:
8050:
8049:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7734:
7733:
7714:
7713:
7629:
7628:
7561:
7560:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7196:
7195:
7162:Chitkuli Kinnauri
7091:
7090:
6974:
6973:
6859:
6858:
6700:
6699:
6455:
6454:
6234:
6233:
6199:Tibetic languages
6182:THL Transcription
6096:Classical Tibetan
6085:Tibetic languages
5948:The Tibet Journal
5819:The Tibet Journal
5776:978-90-272-3803-0
5715:978-81-86142-82-0
5662:. United Nations.
5454:. pp. 31–36.
5219:978-1-135-45522-4
4966:978-1-000-07934-0
4929:www.lamayeshe.com
4925:"Tibetan Numbers"
4830:978-3-11-047374-2
4658:978-3-8467-6346-9
4506:978-0-367-57045-3
4478:(18th ed., 2015)
3662:secondary schools
3654:primary education
3579:Rgya tcher rol-pa
3477:
3476:
3110:
3109:
2873:
2872:
2495:consonant cluster
2475:
2474:
2253:
2252:
1876:bdun cu don gcig
1673:nyi shu rtsa dgu
1361:nyi shu tsa gcig
1257:
1256:
1092:Tibetan Numerals
966:Nicolas Tournadre
885:<ltos shig>
699:ergative language
642:literary language
555:Classical Tibetan
527:Tibetic languages
391:rendering support
371:
370:
353:rendering support
349:phonetic symbols.
230:Regulated by
161:Classical Tibetan
16:(Redirected from
10170:
10163:Tibetan language
10158:Sacred languages
10071:
9641:
9633:
9625:
9339:
9338:
9112:
9111:
9015:
9014:
9004:
9003:
8192:
8191:
8087:
8086:
8076:
8075:
8063:
8062:
8059:
8058:
7887:
7886:
7874:Standard Chinese
7853:
7846:
7839:
7830:
7829:
7745:
7744:
7638:
7637:
7483:
7482:
7317:Standard Tibetan
7302:
7301:
7293:
7292:
7205:
7204:
7147:
7146:
7140:
7139:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7095:
7094:
6933:
6932:
6794:
6793:
6628:
6627:
6463:
6380:
6379:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6238:
6237:
6134:(Drutsa, Bêtsug)
6127:Tibetan alphabet
6072:Tibetan language
6066:
6059:
6052:
6043:
6042:
6026:
6014:
5998:
5970:
5959:
5942:
5931:
5922:
5911:
5900:
5894:
5886:
5884:
5883:
5867:
5845:
5834:. Orchid Press.
5826:
5813:
5788:
5753:
5742:
5719:
5695:
5682:
5664:
5663:
5656:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5581:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5571:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5546:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5506:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5481:
5475:
5474:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5447:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5421:
5415:
5414:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5363:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5352:
5336:
5330:
5324:
5313:
5307:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5270:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5227:
5226:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5179:
5173:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5128:
5122:
5116:
5110:
5104:
5098:
5092:
5086:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5059:
5053:
5047:
5041:
5035:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5014:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4983:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4941:
4940:
4920:
4914:
4908:
4893:
4887:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4853:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4793:
4773:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4756:
4741:
4732:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4696:
4690:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4628:
4622:
4621:
4619:
4608:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4573:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4549:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4536:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4467:
4450:
4449:
4433:
4425:
4413:
4402:
4365:
4363:Languages portal
4360:
4359:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4330:
3767:Google Translate
3749:中国社科院 藏汉(口语)机器翻译
3604:
3585:, and in 1858 a
3566:in 1839 and his
3541:Moravian mission
3420:V་གི་ཡོད་པ་རེད་
3349:
3348:
3318:
3306:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3171:
3167:
3153:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3104:
3084:
3070:
3061:
3056:
3042:
3033:
3028:
2997:
2987:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2861:
2854:
2834:
2825:
2818:
2811:
2797:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2754:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2597:
2549:
2539:
2367:
2364:
2266:
2258:
2240:
2211:
2182:
2150:
2121:
2084:
2071:
2050:
2037:
2016:
2003:
1990:
1977:
1964:
1954:dgu bcu go gcig
1951:
1938:
1925:
1912:
1911:བརྒྱད་ཅུ་གྱ་གཅིག
1899:
1886:
1873:
1872:བདུན་ཅུ་དོན་གཅིག
1860:
1847:
1837:drug cu re gcig
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1756:
1743:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1670:
1657:
1644:
1631:
1618:
1605:
1592:
1579:
1566:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1514:
1501:
1488:
1475:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1358:
1345:
1279:
1278:
1269:
1262:
1185:Bengali numerals
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1088:
1034:Tibetan Buddhism
1032:, scriptures of
1010:Tibetan numerals
933:
907:
897:
890:
883:
821:
814:
807:
755:
672:
662:
661:
654:
649:
648:
639:
629:
628:
613:
603:
602:
591:
581:
580:
489:
481:
476:
448:
439:Standard Tibetan
412:
379:
378:
339:
325:
309:
302:
293:
287:
280:
274:
266:
257:
256:
248:
214:
212:
211:
175:
93:
49:
40:
30:
29:
21:
10178:
10177:
10173:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10168:
10167:
10118:
10117:
10116:
10111:
10085:
10065:
10043:
9972:
9916:
9727:
9720:
9646:
9626:(Indo-European)
9611:
9568:
9526:
9415:
9328:
9256:
9223:
9101:
9009:
9008:Other languages
8990:
8939:
8870:Central Tibetan
8841:
8715:
8649:
8496:
8378:
8181:
8133:
8081:
8070:
8046:
8030:
7937:
7878:
7862:
7857:
7827:
7818:
7802:
7779:
7730:
7710:
7652:
7625:
7582:
7557:
7519:
7474:
7460:Chochangachakha
7408:
7357:
7326:
7305:Central Tibetan
7274:
7236:
7192:
7171:
7134:
7133:West Himalayish
7127:
7122:
7092:
7087:
7077:
7028:Proto-languages
7022:
6970:
6937:Greater Siangic
6931:
6868:
6855:
6792:
6696:
6668:
6626:
6570:
6561:
6473:
6464:
6451:
6384:Greater Magaric
6378:
6305:West Himalayish
6285:
6271:
6265:
6235:
6230:
6203:Tibetan plateau
6193:
6172:Transcription:
6161:
6115:
6073:
6070:
6033:
5995:
5918:Tibetan grammar
5888:
5887:
5881:
5879:
5864:
5842:
5777:
5767:10.1075/loall.3
5739:
5716:
5673:
5671:Further reading
5668:
5667:
5658:
5657:
5653:
5644:
5642:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5619:
5617:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5594:
5592:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5569:
5567:
5558:
5557:
5553:
5544:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5528:
5519:
5517:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5494:
5492:
5483:
5482:
5478:
5463:
5459:
5448:
5444:
5434:
5432:
5431:on 25 July 2012
5423:
5422:
5418:
5395:
5391:
5364:
5360:
5350:
5348:
5337:
5333:
5325:
5316:
5308:
5301:
5292:
5290:
5271:
5267:
5258:
5256:
5237:
5233:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5204:
5200:
5192:
5188:
5180:
5176:
5168:
5164:
5129:
5125:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5101:
5093:
5089:
5081:
5077:
5069:
5062:
5054:
5050:
5042:
5038:
5030:
5026:
5015:
5011:
5001:
4999:
4984:
4980:
4971:
4969:
4967:
4951:
4947:
4938:
4936:
4921:
4917:
4909:
4896:
4888:
4881:
4871:
4869:
4854:
4850:
4840:
4838:
4831:
4805:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4774:
4770:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4739:
4733:
4724:
4714:
4712:
4697:
4693:
4685:
4678:
4668:
4666:
4659:
4629:
4625:
4617:
4606:
4598:
4594:
4586:
4571:
4565:
4561:
4550:
4543:
4534:
4532:
4519:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4493:Graham Thurgood
4489:
4485:
4479:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4426:
4422:
4417:
4416:
4410:Graham Thurgood
4403:
4399:
4394:
4371:Central Tibetan
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3948:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3776:
3724:
3650:
3641:Kitamura Hajime
3599:
3549:Tibetan Grammar
3499:who settled in
3497:Capuchin friars
3489:
3469:
3461:
3453:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3400:
3388:
3380:
3372:
3344:
3288:
3268:Central Tibetan
3151:
3136:
3129:
2980:
2906:The consonants
2671:
2571:
2538:
2501:may further be
2480:
2471:
2466:
2458:
2450:
2445:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2287:
2285:Tibetan braille
2279:Main articles:
2277:
2264:
2256:
2238:
2209:
2180:
2148:
2119:
2082:
2069:
2048:
2035:
2014:
2001:
1993:bgya dang gcig
1988:
1975:
1962:
1950:དགུ་བཅུ་གོ་གཅིག
1949:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1833:དྲུག་ཅུ་རེ་གཅིག
1832:
1819:
1806:
1793:
1780:
1767:
1755:བཞི་བཅུ་ཞེ་གཅིག
1754:
1741:
1728:
1720:sum cu so gcig
1715:
1702:
1689:
1668:
1655:
1642:
1629:
1616:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1538:
1525:
1512:
1499:
1486:
1473:
1460:
1447:
1434:
1421:
1408:
1395:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1267:
1260:
1222:Arabic numerals
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1012:
1006:
831:
811:"this", medial
742:
728:copular clauses
695:
690:
684:
567:
541:). In terms of
531:Central Tibetan
474:
400:
399:
398:
389:Without proper
380:
376:
351:Without proper
335:
321:
305:
298:
283:
282:
281:
270:
269:
262:
252:
251:
244:
209:
207:
204:
197:Official status
192:
188:Tibetan Braille
176:
171:
165:
151:
144:
125:Central Tibetan
94:
91:Language family
89:
80:
79:Native speakers
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10176:
10166:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10113:
10112:
10110:
10109:
10106:
10103:
10100:
10097:
10096:HK = Hong Kong
10094:
10090:
10087:
10086:
10084:
10083:
10076:
10075:
10074:
10073:
10072:
10067:Hong Kong Sign
10060:
10051:
10049:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9980:
9978:
9974:
9973:
9971:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9924:
9922:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9914:
9913:
9912:
9907:
9897:
9896:
9895:
9890:
9880:
9879:
9878:
9873:
9863:
9862:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9835:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9793:
9792:
9787:
9786:
9785:
9775:
9770:
9769:
9768:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9732:
9730:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9718:
9713:
9707:
9702:
9697:
9692:
9687:
9682:
9677:
9672:
9666:
9664:
9660:
9659:
9656:
9655:
9652:
9651:
9648:
9647:
9645:
9644:
9642:(Austronesian)
9636:
9634:(Austronesian)
9628:
9619:
9617:
9613:
9612:
9610:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9578:
9576:
9570:
9569:
9567:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9540:
9538:
9532:
9531:
9528:
9527:
9525:
9524:
9519:
9514:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9423:
9421:
9417:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9383:
9378:
9373:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9353:
9347:
9345:
9336:
9330:
9329:
9327:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9270:
9268:
9262:
9261:
9258:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9233:
9231:
9225:
9224:
9222:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9120:
9118:
9109:
9103:
9102:
9100:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9023:
9021:
9011:
9010:
9000:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8992:
8991:
8989:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8932:
8927:
8922:
8917:
8912:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8851:
8849:
8843:
8842:
8840:
8839:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8812:Southern Qiang
8809:
8807:Northern Qiang
8804:
8799:
8794:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8774:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8733:
8731:
8725:
8724:
8721:
8720:
8717:
8716:
8714:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8698:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8668:
8663:
8657:
8655:
8651:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8506:
8504:
8498:
8497:
8495:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8479:
8474:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8434:
8429:
8424:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8404:
8399:
8394:
8388:
8386:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8241:
8236:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8206:
8200:
8198:
8189:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8143:
8141:
8135:
8134:
8132:
8131:
8126:
8121:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8095:
8093:
8084:
8072:
8071:
8056:
8052:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7998:
7993:
7988:
7983:
7978:
7973:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7953:
7947:
7945:
7939:
7938:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7899:
7897:
7884:
7880:
7879:
7877:
7876:
7870:
7868:
7864:
7863:
7856:
7855:
7848:
7841:
7833:
7824:
7823:
7820:
7819:
7817:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7804:
7803:
7801:
7800:
7795:
7789:
7787:
7781:
7780:
7778:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7762:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7742:
7736:
7735:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7722:
7720:
7716:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7662:
7660:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7644:
7642:
7635:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7598:
7592:
7590:
7588:Kyirong–Kagate
7584:
7583:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7569:
7567:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7548:Bhoti Kinnauri
7545:
7540:
7535:
7529:
7527:
7521:
7520:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7491:
7489:
7480:
7476:
7475:
7473:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7422:
7416:
7414:
7410:
7409:
7407:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7391:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7365:
7363:
7362:Kham (Eastern)
7359:
7358:
7356:
7355:
7350:
7345:
7340:
7334:
7332:
7328:
7327:
7325:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7308:
7306:
7299:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7273:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7244:
7242:
7238:
7237:
7235:
7234:
7227:
7222:
7217:
7211:
7209:
7202:
7198:
7197:
7194:
7193:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7179:
7177:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7153:
7151:
7144:
7137:
7129:
7128:
7121:
7120:
7113:
7106:
7098:
7089:
7088:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7076:
7075:
7068:
7061:
7054:
7047:
7040:
7032:
7030:
7024:
7023:
7021:
7020:
7018:Tibeto-Kanauri
7015:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6991:Kuki-Chin–Naga
6988:
6982:
6980:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6968:
6963:
6962:
6961:
6954:
6941:
6939:
6930:
6929:
6922:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6901:
6900:
6899:
6892:
6879:
6877:
6861:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6844:
6839:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6816:
6815:
6802:
6800:
6791:
6790:
6789:
6788:
6781:
6774:
6762:
6755:
6748:
6741:
6736:
6729:
6722:
6714:
6712:
6710:Southeast Asia
6702:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6684:
6678:
6676:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6649:
6647:Angami–Pochuri
6644:
6638:
6636:
6625:
6624:
6617:
6610:
6609:
6608:
6601:
6589:
6582:
6574:
6572:
6571:Burmese border
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6547:
6540:
6533:
6532:
6531:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6504:
6489:
6487:
6466:
6465:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6449:
6436:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6422:
6410:
6409:
6408:
6401:
6388:
6386:
6377:
6376:
6369:
6368:
6367:
6360:
6353:
6341:
6334:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6315:
6308:
6300:
6298:
6273:
6272:
6264:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6241:
6232:
6231:
6229:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6207:
6205:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6184:
6178:Tibetan pinyin
6169:
6167:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6159:
6154:
6149:
6142:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6123:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6092:
6087:
6081:
6079:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6068:
6061:
6054:
6046:
6040:
6039:
6032:
6031:External links
6029:
6028:
6027:
6017:Chisholm, Hugh
5999:
5993:
5971:
5960:
5943:
5932:
5923:
5912:
5901:
5869:
5862:
5846:
5840:
5827:
5814:
5789:
5775:
5754:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5737:
5714:
5696:
5683:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5651:
5626:
5601:
5576:
5551:
5526:
5501:
5476:
5457:
5442:
5416:
5389:
5358:
5331:
5314:
5299:
5265:
5231:
5218:
5198:
5186:
5174:
5162:
5123:
5111:
5099:
5097:, p. 271.
5087:
5075:
5073:, p. 272.
5060:
5048:
5036:
5024:
5009:
4978:
4965:
4945:
4915:
4894:
4892:, p. 920.
4879:
4848:
4829:
4799:
4768:
4722:
4691:
4689:, p. 919.
4676:
4657:
4623:
4620:on 2017-08-12.
4592:
4589:on 2016-03-05.
4559:
4541:
4512:
4505:
4483:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4352:
4338:
4322:
4319:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4117:
4109:
4101:
4093:
4085:
4077:
4069:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4021:
4013:
4005:
3997:
3989:
3981:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3885:
3877:
3869:
3861:
3853:
3845:
3837:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3788:
3784:Tibetan script
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3723:
3720:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3607:
3606:
3593:
3590:
3583:Lalita Vistara
3575:
3562:published his
3556:
3534:
3525:The Hungarian
3523:
3522:
3521:
3510:
3488:
3485:
3475:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3385:
3377:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3343:
3340:
3287:
3284:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3036:
3034:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2974:
2904:
2897:alveolar trill
2893:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2855:
2848:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2789:
2782:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2748:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2614:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2537:
2534:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2453:any consonant
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:licit letters
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2321:Tibetan pinyin
2317:Latin alphabet
2281:Tibetan script
2276:
2275:Writing system
2273:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2015:བརྒྱ་དང་ལྔ་བཅུ
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1716:སུམ་ཅུ་སོ་གཅིག
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1630:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བརྒྱད
1627:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1286:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1008:Main article:
1005:
1002:
1001:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
830:
827:
823:<pha-gi>
741:
738:
737:
736:
733:
730:
724:
697:Tibetan is an
694:
691:
686:Main article:
683:
680:
679:
678:
656:
623:
597:
566:
563:
561:Amdo Tibetan.
385:Tibetan script
381:
374:
373:
372:
369:
368:
355:, you may see
341:
340:
333:
327:
326:
319:
311:
310:
303:
295:
294:
267:
259:
258:
249:
241:
240:
239:Language codes
236:
235:
232:
226:
225:
224:
223:
205:
202:
199:
198:
194:
193:
191:
190:
185:
183:Tibetan script
179:
177:
173:Writing system
170:
167:
166:
164:
163:
154:
152:
149:
146:
145:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
109:Tibeto-Kanauri
97:
95:
88:
85:
84:
81:
78:
75:
74:
65:
61:
60:
55:
54:Native to
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10175:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10107:
10105:XJ = Xinjiang
10104:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10082:
10080:
10077:
10070:
10068:
10064:
10063:
10061:
10058:
10057:
10056:
10053:
10052:
10050:
10046:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9975:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9925:
9923:
9919:
9911:
9908:
9906:
9903:
9902:
9901:
9898:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9886:
9885:
9884:
9881:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9867:
9864:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9819:
9818:
9815:
9814:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9791:
9788:
9784:
9781:
9780:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9738:
9737:
9734:
9733:
9731:
9729:
9723:
9717:
9714:
9711:
9708:
9706:
9703:
9701:
9698:
9696:
9693:
9691:
9688:
9686:
9683:
9681:
9678:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9667:
9665:
9661:
9640:
9637:
9632:
9629:
9624:
9621:
9620:
9618:
9614:
9608:
9607:Western Yugur
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9579:
9577:
9575:
9571:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9541:
9539:
9537:
9533:
9523:
9520:
9518:
9515:
9513:
9510:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9422:
9418:
9412:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9374:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9364:
9362:
9359:
9357:
9354:
9352:
9349:
9348:
9346:
9344:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9331:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9289:Eastern Yugur
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9271:
9269:
9267:
9263:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9230:
9226:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9209:Small Flowery
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9104:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9024:
9022:
9020:
9019:Austroasiatic
9016:
9012:
9005:
9001:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8948:
8946:
8942:
8936:
8933:
8931:
8928:
8926:
8923:
8921:
8918:
8916:
8913:
8911:
8908:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8844:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8793:
8790:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8730:
8726:
8712:
8709:
8707:
8704:
8702:
8699:
8697:
8694:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8667:
8664:
8662:
8659:
8658:
8656:
8652:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8507:
8505:
8503:
8499:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8470:
8468:
8465:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
8440:
8438:
8435:
8433:
8430:
8428:
8425:
8423:
8420:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8389:
8387:
8385:
8381:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8240:
8237:
8235:
8232:
8230:
8227:
8225:
8222:
8220:
8217:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8205:
8202:
8201:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8184:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8144:
8142:
8140:
8136:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8120:
8117:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8096:
8094:
8092:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8077:
8073:
8069:
8064:
8060:
8057:
8053:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7997:
7994:
7992:
7989:
7987:
7984:
7982:
7979:
7977:
7974:
7972:
7969:
7967:
7964:
7962:
7959:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7946:
7944:
7940:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7892:
7888:
7885:
7881:
7875:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7865:
7861:
7854:
7849:
7847:
7842:
7840:
7835:
7834:
7831:
7815:
7812:
7811:
7809:
7805:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7790:
7788:
7786:
7782:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7737:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7721:
7717:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7659:
7655:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7639:
7636:
7632:
7622:
7619:
7617:
7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7602:
7599:
7597:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7576:
7574:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7564:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7530:
7528:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7498:
7496:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7488:
7484:
7481:
7477:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7415:
7411:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7369:Khams Tibetan
7367:
7366:
7364:
7360:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7339:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7329:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7307:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7285:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7206:
7203:
7199:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7180:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7152:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7130:
7126:
7119:
7114:
7112:
7107:
7105:
7100:
7099:
7096:
7085:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7069:
7067:
7066:
7062:
7060:
7059:
7058:Proto-Karenic
7055:
7053:
7052:
7051:Proto-Loloish
7048:
7046:
7045:
7041:
7039:
7038:
7034:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7025:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7013:
7012:Tibeto-Burman
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6983:
6981:
6977:
6967:
6964:
6960:
6959:
6955:
6953:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6927:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6914:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6902:
6898:
6897:
6893:
6891:
6890:
6886:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6871:
6866:
6862:
6850:
6849:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6833:
6832:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6814:
6811:
6810:
6809:
6808:
6804:
6803:
6801:
6799:
6798:Burmo-Qiangic
6795:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6773:
6772:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6742:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6730:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6715:
6713:
6711:
6707:
6703:
6693:
6692:Jingpho–Luish
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6654:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6618:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6606:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6568:
6564:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6534:
6529:
6528:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6502:
6498:
6497:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6441:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6427:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6407:
6406:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6390:
6389:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6365:
6361:
6359:
6358:
6354:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6345:
6342:
6340:
6339:
6335:
6331:
6330:Baram–Thangmi
6328:
6326:
6325:
6321:
6320:
6319:
6316:
6314:
6313:
6309:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6283:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6262:
6257:
6255:
6250:
6248:
6243:
6242:
6239:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6189:
6185:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6164:
6158:
6155:
6153:
6150:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6136:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6128:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6076:
6067:
6062:
6060:
6055:
6053:
6048:
6047:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6024:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5994:1-55939-189-8
5990:
5986:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5972:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5940:
5939:
5933:
5929:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5913:
5909:
5908:
5902:
5898:
5892:
5877:
5876:
5870:
5865:
5863:1-84382-077-3
5859:
5855:
5851:
5847:
5843:
5841:974-524-039-7
5837:
5833:
5828:
5824:
5820:
5815:
5811:
5807:
5803:
5799:
5795:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5772:
5768:
5764:
5760:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5740:
5738:81-208-1713-3
5734:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5684:
5680:
5675:
5674:
5661:
5655:
5640:
5636:
5630:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5590:
5586:
5585:"藏语自然语言处理展示台"
5580:
5565:
5562:. Thlib.org.
5561:
5555:
5540:
5537:. Thlib.org.
5536:
5530:
5515:
5511:
5510:"腾讯推出民汉翻译小程序"
5505:
5490:
5486:
5480:
5473:(2): 173–246.
5472:
5468:
5461:
5453:
5446:
5430:
5426:
5420:
5412:
5408:
5405:(1): 85–106.
5404:
5400:
5393:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5346:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5323:
5321:
5319:
5311:
5306:
5304:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5269:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5235:
5221:
5215:
5211:
5210:
5202:
5196:, p. 56.
5195:
5190:
5184:, p. 55.
5183:
5178:
5172:, p. 35.
5171:
5166:
5158:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5121:, p. 34.
5120:
5115:
5109:, p. 28.
5108:
5103:
5096:
5095:DeLancey 2003
5091:
5084:
5079:
5072:
5071:DeLancey 2003
5067:
5065:
5058:, p. 71.
5057:
5052:
5046:, p. 75.
5045:
5040:
5034:, p. 12.
5033:
5028:
5020:
5013:
4997:
4993:
4989:
4982:
4968:
4962:
4958:
4957:
4949:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4852:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4803:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4772:
4753:
4750:(1): 93–107.
4749:
4745:
4738:
4731:
4729:
4727:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4695:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4627:
4616:
4612:
4605:
4604:
4596:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4570:
4563:
4556:(245): 91-92.
4555:
4548:
4546:
4531:on 2015-12-08
4530:
4526:
4522:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4487:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4470:Lhasa Tibetan
4466:
4462:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4429:
4424:
4420:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4397:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Khams Tibetan
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4353:
4350:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4325:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4299:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4267:
4264:
4259:
4256:
4251:
4248:
4243:
4240:
4235:
4232:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4211:
4208:
4203:
4200:
4195:
4192:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4176:
4171:
4168:
4163:
4160:
4155:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4091:
4088:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4067:
4064:
4059:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4043:
4040:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3963:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3912:
3907:
3904:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3827:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3710:Barry Sautman
3707:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:middle school
3655:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3616:
3613:and linguist
3612:
3602:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3519:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3484:
3482:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3436:V་ཡོད་པ་རེད་
3435:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3424:gi-yod-pa-red
3419:
3417:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3347:
3342:Verbal system
3339:
3337:
3336:tone language
3333:
3329:
3324:
3322:
3314:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3293:minimal pairs
3283:
3269:
3265:
3184:
3182:
3177:
3175:
3162:
3160:
3159:minimal pairs
3156:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2972:
2968:
2949:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2838:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:Vowel harmony
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2363:
2336:
2334:
2333:Mount Everest
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2262:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1794:ལྔ་བཅུ་ང་གཅིག
1792:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བདུན
1589:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དྲུག
1550:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གསུམ
1433:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཉིས
1394:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་གཅིག
1355:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1265:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1070:measure words
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1011:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
970:
969:
967:
962:
961:Evidentiality
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:genitive case
936:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
913:ergative case
910:
902:
900:
893:
886:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
826:
824:
817:
810:
803:
802:demonstrative
798:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
758:
751:
747:
734:
731:
729:
725:
723:
720:
716:
715:
714:
712:
709:broadly have
708:
704:
700:
689:
676:
671:
666:
657:
653:
643:
638:
633:
624:
621:
617:
612:
607:
598:
595:
592:, literally "
590:
585:
576:
575:
574:
572:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:Khams Tibetan
532:
528:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
485:
480:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
419:Lha-sa'i skad
416:
408:
404:
403:Lhasa Tibetan
396:
392:
388:
386:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
348:
342:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
320:
318:
317:
312:
308:
304:
301:
296:
291:
286:
278:
273:
268:
265:
260:
255:
250:
247:
242:
237:
233:
231:
227:
222:
219:
218:
217:
206:
200:
195:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
178:
174:
168:
162:
159:
158:
157:
153:
147:
131:
130:Lhasa Tibetan
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:Tibeto-Burman
102:
101:
100:
96:
92:
86:
82:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
43:
36:
33:Lhasa Tibetan
31:
19:
10093:GX = Guangxi
10081:
10079:Tibetan Sign
10069:
10055:Chinese Sign
9921:Creole/Mixed
9790:Southeastern
9778:Southwestern
9741:Northeastern
9726:Varieties of
7566:Sherpa-Jirel
7338:Amdo Tibetan
7247:
7229:
7083:
7070:
7063:
7056:
7049:
7042:
7035:
7010:
6956:
6949:
6924:
6910:
6903:
6894:
6887:
6846:
6831:Lolo-Burmese
6829:
6805:
6783:
6776:
6769:
6757:
6750:
6743:
6731:
6724:
6717:
6651:
6619:
6612:
6603:
6596:
6584:
6577:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6525:
6518:
6511:
6499:
6492:
6444:
6438:
6424:
6417:
6403:
6396:
6371:
6362:
6355:
6348:
6336:
6322:
6310:
6303:
6268:Sino-Tibetan
6020:
5983:. New York:
5979:
5965:
5947:
5937:
5927:
5917:
5906:
5880:. Retrieved
5874:
5853:
5831:
5822:
5818:
5804:(1): 48–53.
5801:
5797:
5758:
5749:
5724:
5704:
5691:
5687:
5678:
5654:
5643:. Retrieved
5641:. 2024-06-27
5638:
5629:
5618:. Retrieved
5604:
5593:. Retrieved
5579:
5568:. Retrieved
5554:
5543:. Retrieved
5529:
5518:. Retrieved
5504:
5493:. Retrieved
5489:the original
5479:
5470:
5466:
5460:
5451:
5445:
5433:. Retrieved
5429:the original
5419:
5402:
5398:
5392:
5375:
5371:
5361:
5349:. Retrieved
5334:
5291:. Retrieved
5285:(3): 47–54.
5282:
5278:
5268:
5257:. Retrieved
5248:
5244:
5234:
5223:. Retrieved
5208:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5165:
5140:
5136:
5126:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5078:
5056:Denwood 1999
5051:
5044:Denwood 1999
5039:
5027:
5018:
5012:
5000:. Retrieved
4991:
4981:
4970:. Retrieved
4955:
4948:
4937:. Retrieved
4928:
4918:
4870:. Retrieved
4861:
4851:
4839:. Retrieved
4812:
4802:
4790:. Retrieved
4781:
4771:
4759:. Retrieved
4747:
4743:
4713:. Retrieved
4704:
4694:
4667:. Retrieved
4640:
4636:
4626:
4615:the original
4602:
4595:
4584:the original
4579:
4575:
4562:
4553:
4533:. Retrieved
4529:the original
4524:
4515:
4496:
4486:
4473:
4465:
4448:藏语术语标准化工作委员会
4439:
4423:
4405:
4400:
4376:Amdo Tibetan
4335:China portal
4315:
4312:
4309:
3777:
3774:Example Text
3725:
3705:
3702:
3694:Tibetologist
3685:Norman Baker
3682:
3651:
3608:
3600:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3552:
3548:
3530:
3517:
3490:
3478:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3402:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3374:
3345:
3334:than a true
3325:
3308:
3296:
3289:
3185:
3180:
3178:
3172:through the
3163:
3154:
3143:
3139:
3132:
3111:
2984:
2981:
2970:
2948:glottal stop
2515:
2488:
2481:
2337:
2328:
2313:romanization
2307:
2291:Indic script
2288:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2248:(1 Billion)
2247:
2158:(1 Million)
2157:
1989:བརྒྱ་དང་གཅིག
1669:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་དགུ
1530:brgyad bgya
1474:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་བཞི
1336:
1325:
1317:
1306:
1296:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1258:
1081:
1074:
1043:
1029:
959:
934:
925:
921:transitivity
909:<chag>
908:
903:
898:
891:
884:
859:
832:
822:
815:
808:
799:
788:
761:
757:<tsho>
756:
743:
713:word order:
696:
568:
559:conservative
539:Amdo Tibetan
524:
511:
503:
495:
470:
462:
454:
438:
434:
426:
418:
402:
401:
382:
344:
331:Linguasphere
314:
129:
99:Sino-Tibetan
9587:Fuyu Kyrgyz
9386:Tai Hongjin
9072:Muak Sa-aak
7658:East Bodish
7538:Spiti Bhoti
7072:Proto-Hakka
7001:Mahakiranti
6507:East Bodish
6287:Uttarakhand
6090:Old Tibetan
5378:(1): 1–23.
4643:: 381–402.
4349:Asia portal
3512:Cassian di
3487:Scholarship
3452:V་གི་འདུག་
3446:Testimonial
3186:The vowels
2969:itself was
2803:Approximant
2522:contrastive
2499:long vowels
2329:Chomolungma
2303:Old Chinese
2295:Old Tibetan
2214:dung phyur
2006:bco brgyad
1608:chig stong
1513:ཉི་ཤུ་རྩ་ལྔ
1020:McLeod Ganj
999:Testimonial
987:Inferential
947:progressive
899:<yin>
809:<'di>
804:: proximal
780:associative
411:ལྷ་སའི་སྐད་
359:instead of
156:Old Tibetan
150:Early forms
10122:Categories
10108:XZ = Tibet
10099:MC = Macau
10039:Zhangzhung
9783:Sichuanese
9710:Vietnamese
9107:Hmong-Mien
8986:Waxianghua
8767:Khroskyabs
8055:Indigenous
7943:Prefecture
7918:Portuguese
7505:Changthang
7270:Chaudangsi
7231:Zhangzhung
7135:(Kanauric)
6966:Idu–Taraon
6920:Miju–Meyor
6813:Gyalrongic
6659:Tangkhulic
6434:Raji–Raute
6144:Regional (
5882:2011-06-30
5878:. Kye-Lang
5825:(2): 3–19.
5645:2024-06-29
5620:2020-01-17
5595:2020-01-17
5570:2020-01-17
5545:2020-01-17
5520:2020-01-17
5495:2020-01-17
5435:7 February
5293:2016-02-11
5259:2016-02-11
5225:2024-05-12
4972:2024-03-11
4939:2020-06-30
4535:2010-10-16
4475:Ethnologue
4457:References
3678:Dharamsala
3674:humanistic
3611:indologist
3479:The three
3440:yod-pa-red
3412:V་གི་རེད་
3379:V་གི་ཡོད་
3371:V་གི་ཡིན་
3174:i-mutation
2570:(Alveolo-)
2536:Consonants
2461:any vowel
2426:Subjoined
2243:ther 'bum
2053:nyis bgya
1902:brgyad cu
1772:bcu gnyis
1526:བརྒྱད་བརྒྱ
1491:bdun bgya
1452:drug bgya
1413:lnga bgya
1374:bzhi bgya
1066:Vietnamese
1038:Dharamsala
935:<gi>
917:absolutive
878:imperative
870:morphology
816:<de>
764:absolutive
711:head-final
616:honorifics
10019:Tocharian
9953:Qoqmončaq
9905:Cantonese
9859:Shaojiang
9832:Hainanese
9761:Zhongyuan
9756:Jiao-Liao
9690:Esperanto
9592:Ili Turki
9299:Khamnigan
9164:Kiong Nai
8935:Zitsadegu
7913:Mongolian
7903:Cantonese
7621:Gyalsumdo
7500:Zangskari
7420:Sikkimese
7404:Zitsadegu
7150:Kinnauric
7065:Proto-Min
6996:Macro-Bai
6874:Arunachal
6867:(possible
6682:Boro–Garo
6586:Kuki-Chin
6569:and Indo-
6484:Arunachal
6471:Himalayas
6446:Tandrange
6413:Chepangic
6344:Dhimalish
6278:Himalayas
6216:Sikkimese
6186:Grammar (
5891:cite book
5852:(2004) .
5785:1382-3485
5727:. Delhi:
5694:: 53–124.
5157:0731-3500
3547:in 1857,
3428:V་པ་རེད་
3155:zhabs pad
3048:Close-mid
2764:Fricative
2723:Affricate
2565:Retroflex
2542:Consonant
2503:nasalized
2478:Phonology
2444:ག ད བ མ འ
2435:Suffix 2
2420:Superfix
2370:position
2087:sum bgya
2002:བཅོ་བརྒྱད
1967:bcu bdun
1928:bcu drug
1889:bco lnga
1850:bcu bzhi
1811:bcu gsum
1785:lnga bcu
1746:bzhi bcu
1733:bcu gcig
1569:dgu bgya
1487:བདུན་བརྒྱ
1448:དྲུག་བརྒྱ
1337:numerals
1318:numerals
1046:East Asia
972:Assertive
795:registers
670:chos skad
652:chos skad
589:phal skad
565:Registers
337:70-AAA-ac
316:Glottolog
300:ISO 639-3
264:ISO 639-2
246:ISO 639-1
9963:Tangwang
9943:Macanese
9938:Lingling
9871:Northern
9854:Northern
9817:Southern
9736:Mandarin
9663:Minority
9623:Sarikoli
9536:Tungusic
9497:Naxi Yao
9442:Cao Miao
9366:Ningming
9266:Mongolic
9242:Dzao Min
9237:Biao Min
9194:Qo Xiong
9189:Pingtang
8885:Dongwang
8827:Tshobdun
8752:Guiqiong
8354:Sangkong
8129:Muangphe
8091:Mondzish
8045:numerous
8036:Counties
7883:Regional
7867:Official
7775:Chantyal
7740:Tamangic
7686:Bumthang
7648:Tshangla
7641:Tshangla
7413:Southern
7394:Dongwang
7353:mDungnag
7176:Lahaulic
7157:Kinnauri
6870:isolates
6837:Mondzish
6765:Cai–Long
6513:Tshangla
6469:Eastern
6312:Tamangic
6282:Himachal
6276:Western
6270:branches
6211:Dzongkha
6201:outside
6152:Numerals
6078:Language
6009:(1911).
5956:43302083
5702:(1902).
5614:Archived
5589:Archived
5564:Archived
5539:Archived
5514:Archived
5351:12 April
5345:Archived
5287:Archived
5253:Archived
5251:(1): 2.
5119:Lim 2018
5107:Lim 2018
5032:Lim 2018
4996:Archived
4933:Archived
4866:Archived
4835:Archived
4815:: 1–38.
4786:Archived
4752:Archived
4709:Archived
4669:26 April
4663:Archived
4321:See also
3914:thangagi
3514:Macerata
3368:Personal
3363:Perfect
3328:typology
3076:Open-mid
2993:phonemes
2560:Alveolar
2555:Bilabial
2545:phonemes
2526:DeLancey
2513:ending.
2491:syllable
2239:ཐེར་འབུམ
2210:དུང་ཕྱུར
2083:སུམ་བརྒྱ
2074:nyi shu
2049:ཉིས་བརྒྱ
2040:bcu dgu
1963:བཅུ་བདུན
1941:dgu bcu
1924:བཅུ་དྲུག
1898:བརྒྱད་ཅུ
1863:bdun cu
1824:drug cu
1807:བཅུ་གསུམ
1768:བཅུ་གཉིས
1729:བཅུ་གཅིག
1604:ཆིག་སྟོང
1565:དགུ་བརྒྱ
1370:བཞི་བརྒྱ
1326:Tibetan
1324:Written
1307:Tibetan
1305:Written
1298:numerals
1284:Tibetan
1282:Written
1077:Sanskrit
1058:Japanese
1048:such as
1004:Numerals
889:མཐོང་ཤིག
882:ལྟོས་ཤིག
862:volition
776:ablative
772:genitive
768:agentive
722:particle
719:genitive
637:yig skad
488:བོད་ཡིག་
455:Bod skad
447:བོད་སྐད་
365:Help:IPA
323:tibe1272
39:བོད་སྐད་
10034:Xianbei
10029:Tuyuhun
9999:Old Yue
9977:Extinct
9958:Sanqiao
9849:Central
9839:Eastern
9822:Hokkien
9766:Lan-Yin
9746:Beijing
9728:Chinese
9685:Russian
9447:Chadong
9427:Ai-Cham
9396:Tai Nüa
9381:Tai Dón
9376:Tai Dam
9334:Kra-Dai
9304:Monguor
9294:Kangjia
9252:Kim Mun
9247:Iu Mien
9169:Luobohe
9159:Huishui
9139:Guiyang
9116:Hmongic
9077:Palaung
9067:Man Met
8971:Longjia
8920:Ladakhi
8915:Kyirong
8905:Khalong
8890:Drugchu
8847:Tibetic
8817:Shixing
8729:Qiangic
8510:Alingpo
8502:Nisoish
8487:Yangliu
8482:Xuzhang
8412:Laizisi
8407:Kuamasi
8402:Kua-nsi
8384:Lisoish
8364:Tsukong
8304:Laomian
8229:Baihong
8196:Hanoish
8187:Loloish
8172:Lhao Vo
8167:Chashan
8152:Xiandao
8139:Burmish
8082:Burmese
8040:Banners
7996:Tai Nüa
7923:Tibetan
7908:English
7765:Thakali
7596:Kyirong
7543:Nyamkat
7495:Ladakhi
7479:Western
7450:Brokkat
7399:Drugchu
7348:Khalong
7297:Tibetic
7265:Dhuleli
7260:Byangsi
7255:Darmiya
7208:Central
7201:Eastern
7183:Pattani
7143:Western
7084:Italics
6945:Siangic
6926:Songlin
6905:Kho-Bwa
6883:Hrusish
6865:Dubious
6848:Loloish
6842:Burmish
6807:Qiangic
6778:Longjia
6745:Karenic
6739:Nungish
6719:Sinitic
6605:Hkongso
6567:Myanmar
6537:Gongduk
6501:Tibetic
6419:Chepang
6392:Magaric
6338:Kiranti
6318:Newaric
6221:Ladakhi
6157:Braille
6120:Scripts
6101:U-tsang
6019:(ed.).
5759:Tibetan
5002:Dec 24,
4444:Chinese
4428:Tibetan
3890:mthongs
3609:Indian
3539:of the
3468:V་བཞག་
3460:V་སོང་
3456:gi-'dug
3449:-------
3409:Factual
3399:V་ཡོད་
3357:Present
3319:, "the
3313:Tibetan
3301:Tibetan
3008:Central
2844:Lateral
2582:Glottal
2572:Palatal
2457:ཡ ར ཝ ལ
2432:Suffix
2417:Prefix
2269:dang po
2185:bye ba
2036:བཅུ་དགུ
1937:དགུ་བཅུ
1859:བདུན་ཅུ
1846:བཅུ་བཞི
1820:དྲུག་ཅུ
1742:བཞི་བཅུ
1707:sum cu
1621:brgyad
1409:ལྔ་བརྒྱ
1335:Arabic
1316:Arabic
1054:Chinese
1050:Burmese
1040:, India
951:perfect
866:valency
855:passive
784:oblique
682:Grammar
660:ཆོས་སྐད
647:ཆོས་སྐད
627:ཡིག་སྐད
594:demotic
496:Bod yig
484:Tibetan
443:Tibetan
427:Lhaséké
407:Tibetan
361:Unicode
288: (
275: (
120:Tibetic
72:U-Tsang
10014:Tangut
10004:Rouran
9994:Khitan
9984:Ba–Shu
9948:Maojia
9933:Hezhou
9844:Puxian
9827:Teoswa
9712:(Kinh)
9680:Kyrgyz
9675:Korean
9670:Kazakh
9574:Turkic
9559:Oroqen
9549:Manchu
9544:Evenki
9512:Qabiao
9502:Ong Be
9487:Maonan
9477:Lakkja
9467:Jiamao
9437:Buyang
9401:Tai Ya
9391:Tai Lü
9351:Bouyei
9343:Zhuang
9324:Torgut
9279:Buryat
9229:Mienic
9219:Younuo
9199:Raojia
9179:Pa-Hng
9174:Mashan
9144:Hm Nai
9129:Bu-Nao
9124:A-Hmao
9047:Bumang
8966:Jingpo
8961:Derung
8956:Caijia
8930:Zhongu
8900:Gserpa
8792:Namuyi
8762:Japhug
8711:Zauzou
8686:Namuyi
8671:Kucong
8645:Zokhuo
8640:Thopho
8620:Phupha
8605:Phukha
8550:Khlula
8492:Zibusi
8477:Toloza
8472:Sonaga
8457:Mangdi
8452:Lolopo
8397:Hlersu
8334:Phana’
8329:Nuomei
8309:Laopin
8244:Bukong
8219:Angluo
8147:Achang
8124:Mondzi
8026:Zhuang
8001:Tai Lü
7991:Kazakh
7986:Kyrgyz
7971:Korean
7961:Bouyei
7933:Zhuang
7928:Uyghur
7798:Kutang
7770:Manang
7760:Gurung
7755:Tamang
7696:Kurtöp
7601:Kagate
7573:Sherpa
7455:Brokpa
7440:Lunana
7430:Khamba
7389:Zhongu
7343:Gserpa
7288:Bodish
7249:Rangas
7241:Almora
7220:Rongpo
7188:Tinani
6958:Milang
6912:Puroik
6896:Mijiic
6820:Ersuic
6771:Caijia
6687:Konyak
6653:Meitei
6557:Chamdo
6494:Bodish
6480:Bhutan
6426:Bhujel
6373:Lepcha
6364:Lhokpu
6350:Dhimal
6295:Sikkim
6166:Others
6094:
5991:
5954:
5860:
5838:
5783:
5773:
5735:
5712:
5639:Google
5216:
5155:
4963:
4841:12 May
4827:
4792:12 May
4655:
4503:
4446::
4247:སྤྱོད་
3887:མཐོངས་
3847:སྐྱེས་
3823:རྒྱུད་
3755:Panlex
3740:腾讯民汉翻译
3734:青海弥陀翻译
3603:, 1946
3545:Ladakh
3432:pa-red
3416:gi-red
3391:pa-yin
3383:gi-yod
3375:gi-yin
3354:Future
3278:, and
3264:umlaut
3222:, and
3202:, and
3152:ཞབས་པད
2978:Vowels
2926:, and
2516:Also,
2511:finite
2429:Vowel
2153:sa ya
1885:བཅོ་ལྔ
1781:ལྔ་བཅུ
1703:སུམ་ཅུ
1387:gnyis
1294:Arabic
1062:Korean
1030:Pechas
943:future
928:aspect
874:syntax
847:gender
843:number
839:person
835:clause
791:number
750:number
655:below.
611:zhe sa
579:ཕལ་སྐད
435:Lasägä
213:
115:Bodish
64:Region
10024:Tuoba
9968:Wutun
9883:Xiang
9876:Auish
9802:Hakka
9751:Ji-Lu
9716:Wakhi
9705:Uzbek
9700:Tuvan
9695:Tatar
9616:Other
9602:Salar
9554:Nanai
9492:Mulam
9457:Gelao
9420:Other
9319:Santa
9314:Ordos
9309:Oirat
9274:Bonan
9214:Xixiu
9184:Pa Na
9149:Hmong
9134:Gejia
9082:Riang
9042:Bugan
9037:Bolyu
9032:Blang
8981:Tujia
8944:Other
8925:Tseku
8910:Khams
8895:Groma
8875:Choni
8865:Basum
8860:Baima
8837:Zhaba
8757:Horpa
8742:Choyo
8737:Baima
8706:Sanie
8681:Naruo
8666:Katso
8661:Gokhy
8654:Other
8630:Samei
8625:Phuza
8615:Phupa
8610:Phuma
8600:Phowa
8595:Phola
8590:Phala
8585:Nuosu
8540:Bokha
8515:Alugu
8462:Micha
8374:Yiche
8359:Suobi
8324:Nuobi
8294:Kaduo
8289:Kabie
8269:Habei
8259:Duota
8254:Duoni
8249:Cosao
8177:Zaiwa
8162:Lashi
8114:Mango
8109:Manga
8104:Maang
8099:Kathu
8080:Lolo-
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7976:Qiang
7966:Tujia
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7814:Kaike
7807:Kaike
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7785:Ghale
7726:Basum
7719:Basum
7701:Nupbi
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7611:Yolmo
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6015:. In
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4872:5 May
4761:5 May
4755:(PDF)
4740:(PDF)
4715:5 May
4618:(PDF)
4607:(PDF)
4587:(PDF)
4572:(PDF)
4436:Wylie
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4287:དགོས་
4282:bstar
4279:བསྟར་
4258:kyang
4250:spyod
4226:'dzin
4223:འཛིན་
4191:སྤུན་
4167:གཅིག་
4151:གཅིག་
4146:tshun
4130:bzhin
4127:བཞིན་
4106:kyang
4071:འདོན་
4058:bzang
4050:tshul
4026:rtsal
4002:byung
3999:བྱུང་
3986:tshor
3978:khong
3946:mnyam
3930:dbang
3911:ཐངགི་
3850:skyes
3834:yongs
3831:ཡོངས་
3826:rgyud
3815:རིགས་
3807:མིའི་
3791:འགྲོ་
3666:Ngaba
3619:Hindi
3501:Lhasa
3481:moods
3472:bzhag
3395:byung
3309:Khams
3286:Tones
3148:lotus
3144:padma
3133:zhabs
3020:Close
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2990:Vowel
2967:Tibet
2961:, or
2589:Nasal
2577:Velar
2518:tones
2484:Lhasa
2449:ར ལ ས
2423:Root
2414:name
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2181:བྱེ་བ
2124:'bum
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1647:khri
1617:བརྒྱད
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8787:Muya
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8747:Ersu
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8635:Sani
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8467:Mili
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8427:Lavu
8422:Lamu
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8224:Asuo
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8119:Maza
8021:Hani
8011:Lisu
7895:SARs
7748:TGTM
7706:ʼOle
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7435:Laya
7331:Amdo
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6951:Koro
6825:Naic
6752:Gong
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6664:Zeme
6633:Naga
6551:Tani
6544:ʼOle
6440:Dura
6405:Kham
6357:Toto
6111:Amdo
5989:ISBN
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5858:ISBN
5836:ISBN
5781:ISSN
5771:ISBN
5733:ISBN
5710:ISBN
5437:2010
5353:2020
5214:ISBN
5153:ISSN
5004:2022
4961:ISBN
4874:2023
4843:2023
4825:ISBN
4794:2023
4763:2023
4717:2023
4671:2022
4653:ISBN
4501:ISBN
4303:ཡིན༎
4290:dgos
4271:ལེན་
4255:ཀྱང་
4234:pa'i
4231:པའི་
4218:shes
4215:ཤེས་
4207:འདུ་
4199:གྱི་
4194:spun
4170:gcig
4159:གིས་
4154:gcig
4143:ཚུན་
4138:phan
4111:ཡོད།
4103:ཀྱང་
4098:babs
4095:བབས་
4087:འོས་
4082:pa'i
4079:པའི་
4074:'don
4055:བཟང་
4047:ཚུལ་
4042:bsam
4039:བསམ་
4034:dang
4023:རྩལ་
4015:བློ་
3994:rang
3983:ཚོར་
3975:ཁོང་
3959:ཡོད་
3943:མཉམ་
3938:'dra
3935:འདྲ་
3927:དབང་
3922:rang
3906:thob
3903:ཐོབ་
3898:dang
3895:དང༌།
3866:nyid
3863:ཉིད་
3858:tsam
3818:rigs
3810:mi'i
3794:'gro
3551:and
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3360:Past
3321:Kham
3317:ཁམས་
3297:kham
3256:/an/
3254:and
3252:/on/
3248:/un/
3244:/an/
3240:/on/
3236:/en/
3232:/un/
3228:/in/
3224:/ɛ̃/
3220:/ø̃/
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2354:)V(C
2331:for
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2120:འབུམ
2090:300
2056:200
2022:150
1996:101
1983:100
1976:བརྒྱ
1694:bcu
1660:dgu
1578:བདུན
1572:900
1539:དྲུག
1533:800
1494:700
1455:600
1422:གསུམ
1416:500
1383:གཉིས
1377:400
1344:གཅིག
1271:saya
1264:dang
1064:and
953:and
945:and
926:The
872:and
864:and
820:ཕ་གི
782:and
601:ཞེ་ས
537:and
508:ZYPY
475:IPA:
471:Pögä
467:ZYPY
463:Böké
431:ZYPY
9989:Jie
9900:Yue
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9812:Min
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9411:Yei
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9204:She
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9027:Bit
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8880:Dao
8832:Zbu
8525:Axi
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8264:Enu
8214:Amu
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7956:Kam
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6872:) (
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6614:Pyu
6598:Mru
6527:Nam
6132:Umê
5806:doi
5763:doi
5407:doi
5380:doi
5145:doi
4817:doi
4645:doi
4472:at
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4266:lag
4263:ལག་
4242:bya
4239:བྱ་
4210:'du
4202:gyi
4183:བུ་
4162:gis
4135:ཕན་
4119:དེ་
4114:yod
4090:'os
4063:པོ་
4031:དང་
4018:blo
4007:གི་
3991:རང་
3962:yod
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3882:che
3879:ཆེ་
3874:nas
3871:ནས་
3855:ཙམ་
3698:PRC
3403:yod
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3280:/o/
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3272:/a/
3260:/n/
3216:/ẽ/
3212:/ỹ/
3208:/ĩ/
3204:/ɛ/
3200:/ø/
3196:/e/
3192:/y/
3188:/i/
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3166:/e/
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3122:/e/
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2149:ས་ཡ
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2043:19
2009:18
1970:17
1957:91
1944:90
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1918:81
1905:80
1892:15
1879:71
1866:70
1853:14
1840:61
1827:60
1814:13
1801:51
1788:50
1775:12
1762:41
1749:40
1736:11
1723:31
1710:30
1697:10
1690:བཅུ
1676:29
1656:དགུ
1643:ཁྲི
1637:28
1598:27
1559:26
1520:25
1481:24
1461:བཞི
1442:23
1403:22
1364:21
1268:ས་ཡ
896:ཡིན
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806:འདི
614:, "
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459:THL
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285:bod
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