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401:, there were concerns about the lack of piety at such events. While it was officially ordered that the entire congregation attend, bishops began urging their priests to invite only older and more pious men. This, they believed, would stop the drunken revelry. Royal Injunctions concerning the practice were reinterpreted to restrict and regulate participants of the festivities.
313:
texts from the 13th and 15th centuries show that the dragon was eventually moved to the rear of the procession on the vigil of the
Ascension, with the lion taking the place at the front. Illustrations of the procession from the early 16th century show that the arrangements had been changed yet again,
266:
and pray for its protection in the forthcoming year. This was also known in the northern parts of
England as 'Gang-day' or 'gan week', after the old English name for going or walking. This was also a feature of the original Roman festival, when revellers would walk to a grove five miles from the city
298:
text regarding
Rogation Days is dated from around 1173 to 1220. In it, celebrations in the south of England are described, in which processions were led by members of the congregation carrying banners which represented various biblical characters. At the head of the procession was the dragon,
363:
103 and 104 were sung, and people were reminded of the curses the Bible ascribed to those who violated agricultural boundaries. The processions were not mandatory, but were at the discretion of the local minister, and were also ascribed more importance when a public right of way needed to be
394:, a volume containing officially sanctioned homilies of the Elizabethan church, it was made clear that the English Rogation was to remember town and other communal boundaries in a social and historical context, with extra emphasis on the stability gained from lawful boundary lines.
454:. Their observance in the Latin Church subsequently declined, but the observance has revived somewhat since Pope John Paul II allowed Rogation days as a permitted, but not mandated, observance. For those Catholics who continue to celebrate Mass according to the
307:. After this there would be images of saints carried by the rest of the congregation. Many torches were present at each procession, weighing between 42 lb (19 kg) and 27 lbs (12 kg), which were bought by the church and parishioners jointly.
271:(1633), speaking of the birch tree, mentions another name: Cross-week: "It serveth well to the decking up of houses and banquetting-rooms, for places of pleasure, and for beautifying of streets in the Crosse or Gang Week, and such like."
466:
The new, Protestant version of the
Rogation days became such a fixture in Church life that the tradition was carried over to the English churches across the British Empire, including to the Americas by British colonists in Bermuda,
397:
For years after
Rogation Days were recognized, the manner in which they were observed in reality was very different from the official decree. Even before religious sensibilities turned towards the
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priests were encouraged to bring their congregations together for inter-parish processions. At specific intervals, clerics were to remind their congregations to be thankful for their harvests.
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205:, at which a dog was sacrificed to propitiate Robigus, the deity of agricultural disease. The practitioners observing Robigalia asked Robigus for protection of their crops from
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1724:
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329:, Rogation processions were used as a way to assist crop yields, with a notable number of the celebrations taking place in 1543 when there were prolonged rains.
340:'s holdings within the country, liturgical ceremonies were not officially condoned or recognized as an official part of worship. However, in the reign of Queen
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A critical and practical elucidation of the Book of common prayer, and administration of the sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the Church
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483:, and in Anglican Provinces around the world. Although early Rogation celebrations were associated with rural life, agriculture and fishing, the
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are worn at the rogation litany and its associated Mass, regardless of what colour is worn at the ordinary liturgies of the day.
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for commerce and industry and the stewardship of creation, as well as a fruitful season, and rubrics were added for their use.
175:, meaning "to ask", which reflects the beseeching of God for the appeasement of his anger and for protection from calamities.
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The reform of the
Liturgical Calendar for Roman Catholics in 1969 delegated the establishment of Rogation Days, along with
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429:, were times when begging was "legitimate" for the period of celebration. Though not widely celebrated in the modern
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345:
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Liszka, Thomas R. (2002). "The Dragon in the "South
English Legendary": Judas, Pilate, and the "A(1)" Redaction".
1978:
1007:
Zika, Charles (1988). "Hosts, Processions and
Pilgrimages: Controlling the Sacred in Fifteenth-Century Germany".
1139:
Religious
Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
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Plagues, Priests, and Demons: Sacred
Narratives and the Rise of Christianity in the Old World and the New
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Stilgoe, John R. (1976). "Jack·o'·lanterns to Surveyors: The Secularization of Landscape Boundaries".
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or earlier, the Rogation Days are still kept, unless a higher ranking feast would occur on the day.
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The marches would follow prescribed routes, with York and Coventry being unique in their following
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falling on 25 April, the major rogation is transferred to the Tuesday after Easter (cf.
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Beasley, Nicholas M. (2007). "Ritual Time in British Plantation Colonies, 1650-1780".
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Cook, Albert Stanburrough (1926). "Augustine's Journey from Rome to Richborough".
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imagery or icons were banned from the processions. The then Archdeacon of Essex,
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Woodcut illustration of Pre-Reformation processional order, c. early 16th century
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penned a piece to capture the mood of the celebrations before their repression:
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Davenport, Edwin (1996). "Elizabethan England's Other Reformation of Manners".
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Reynolds, Roger E. (2000). "The Drama of Medieval Liturgical Processions".
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Burriss, Eli Edward (1928). "Some Survivals of Magic in Roman Religion".
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A common feature of Rogation days in former times was the ceremony of
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Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday preceding Ascension Thursday (Minor)
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in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
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390:), further to distance it from the Catholic liturgy. In the book
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Brand, John; Ellis, Henry; Hazlitt, William Carew, eds. (1905).
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The Rogation Day ceremonies are thought to have arrived in the
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during the 7th century, it was not officially adopted into the
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479:. Rogation days continue as an optional observance in the
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The minor Rogation days were introduced around AD 470 by
785:"Painful Places: Ritual Encounters with One's Homelands"
662:
A Table of the Movaeble Feasts, www.churchofengland.org
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Rogation processions continued in the post-Reformation
1083:"Begging on the Streets of Eighteenth-Century London"
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Where (though thou see'st not) thou may'st think upon
239:
The faithful typically observed the Rogation days by
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rogations are held on Monday to Wednesday preceding
632:
487:in many jurisdictions has been expanded to include
1303:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1169:General Norms for the Liturgical Year and Calendar
792:The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
680:, published 5 May 2018, accessed 24 September 2023
607:Catholic Customs & Traditions: A Popular Guide
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344:the celebrations were explicitly mentioned in the
303:, which would be followed by a lion, representing
27:Days of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity
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678:Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, Terre Haute
348:, allowing them to resume as public processions.
224:in 511, and though the practice was spreading in
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364:protected from agricultural or other expansion.
548:of 1960, no. 80); this will next occur in 2038.
433:, the holiday is still observed in some areas.
30:"Rogation" redirects here. For other uses, see
1327:1985, p. 502 (about the rogation days in
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197:The Christian major rogation replaced a pagan
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262:, would proceed around the boundary of their
145:. They are observed with processions and the
1283:Brand's popular antiquities of Great Britain
889:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
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575:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
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651:Rogation Days: A Rookie Anglican Guide
611:. Twenty-Third Publications. pp.
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416:Me, when you yearly go'st Procession.
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1264:"Rogation Days", The Episcopal Church
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336:, the Crown having taken much of the
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421:In London, Rogation Days, just like
412:Under that Holy-oak, or Gospel Tree
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2376:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2370:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1825:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
1819:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1309:
883:Pearson, Charles Buchanan (1878).
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314:this time also showing bearers of
153:rogation is held on 25 April; the
141:are days of prayer and fasting in
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1297:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1136:Melton, J. Gordon (2011-09-13).
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540:In the rare circumstance of
189:tradition as Rogate Sunday.
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1291:Mershman, Francis (1912).
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2349:Exaltation of the Cross
1973:Octave Day of Christmas
1813:Exaltation of the Cross
1321:Lingua e cultura ladina
1081:Hitchcock, Tim (2005).
763:Shepherd, John (1801).
80:Fasting and processions
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674:What is Rogate Sunday?
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241:fasting and abstinence
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2222:Sundays after Easter
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1187:"Liturgical Calendar"
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695:The Classical Journal
485:Book of Common Prayer
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2014:Purification of Mary
1837:Presentation of Mary
1040:Environmental Review
974:Revue de Musicologie
769:. Oxford University.
332:During the reign of
291:in the 7th century.
275:In the British Isles
201:procession known as
193:Christian beginnings
147:Litany of the Saints
143:Western Christianity
2405:Ordinary Procession
2009:Baptism of the Lord
1703:Divine Mercy Sunday
1532:Baptism of the Lord
1519:Mary, Mother of God
603:Dues, Greg (1993).
509:Christianity portal
232:until the reign of
114:25 April; 26–28 May
98:25 April; 15–17 May
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1979:Holy Name of Jesus
1319:Vito Pallabazzer:
1009:Past & Present
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131:Ascension Thursday
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1940:Winter Ember Days
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384:Grindal of London
353:Church of England
346:royal reformation
294:The oldest known
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106:25 April; 6–8 May
88:25 April (Major)
16:(Redirected from
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1212:Church History
1202:
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1102:10.1086/429704
1096:(3): 478–498.
1073:
1030:
1011:(118): 25–64.
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728:(4): 375–397.
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334:King Edward VI
301:Pontius Pilate
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2069:Ash Wednesday
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2051:Quinquagesima
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2039:
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2027:
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2007:
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1660:Holy Saturday
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639:Mershman 1912
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624:
622:9780896225152
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582:9781139442787
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542:Easter Sunday
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369:royal entries
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299:representing
297:
292:
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289:British Isles
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139:Rogation days
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63:
59:
54:
48:
43:
40:Rogation days
38:
33:
19:
2518:Latin Church
2480:Easter cycle
2432:
2409:Roman Ritual
2368:
2336:
2314:
2305:Sacred Heart
2297:
2262:
2257:
2193:Easter Vigil
2111:Annunciation
2105:Saint Joseph
2103:
2041:Septuagesima
1996:
1971:
1957:
1927:
1873:Latin Church
1817:
1800:
1788:
1774:Sacred Heart
1766:
1736:
1665:Easter Vigil
1610:Annunciation
1604:Saint Joseph
1602:
1524:
1517:
1493:
1459:
1410:Latin Church
1320:
1317:(in Italian)
1298:
1282:
1259:
1248:
1215:
1211:
1205:
1194:. Retrieved
1190:
1181:
1175:, p. 11
1168:
1164:Pope Paul VI
1158:
1138:
1093:
1089:
1076:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1008:
1002:
977:
973:
967:
934:
930:
892:
888:
878:
848:(1): 50–59.
845:
841:
820:
795:
791:
765:
758:
725:
721:
715:
698:
694:
677:
672:Sutton, J.,
668:
657:
646:
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571:
564:
536:
465:
445:
420:
409:
396:
391:
377:
366:
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331:
324:
309:
293:
286:
253:
238:
236:(died 816).
234:Pope Leo III
211:
196:
178:
177:
162:
154:
150:
138:
137:
2433:Italic font
2183:Good Friday
2171:Chrism Mass
2134:Palm Sunday
2121:Passiontide
2004:Holy Family
1923:Rorate Mass
1655:Good Friday
1643:Chrism Mass
1615:Palm Sunday
1513:Holy Family
895:: 309–329.
399:puritanical
375:were sung.
342:Elizabeth I
316:reliquaries
161:. The word
77:Observances
53:Hever, Kent
2513:Eastertide
2507:Categories
2458:Tridentine
2338:Assumption
2327:Visitation
2046:Sexagesima
1869:Roman Rite
1802:Assumption
1779:Visitation
1406:Roman Rite
1196:2021-05-12
627:Robigalia.
556:References
517:Ember days
448:Ember Days
327:Henry VIII
230:Roman rite
207:wheat rust
64:Christians
2283:Pentecost
2264:Ascension
2139:Holy Week
1959:Christmas
1744:Pentecost
1738:Ascension
1620:Holy Week
1495:Christmas
1240:164181942
1068:147330346
959:162365937
870:161491639
750:162451684
450:, to the
373:antiphons
260:choirboys
249:vestments
245:Ascension
203:Robigalia
119:Frequency
2475:Computus
2453:pre-1955
2161:Tenebrae
2073:Sundays
2033:Pre-Lent
1998:Epiphany
1897:Sundays
1694:Sundays
1572:Sundays
1526:Epiphany
1434:Sundays
1232:27645033
951:30030221
722:Speculum
495:See also
473:Barbados
462:Anglican
442:Catholic
427:Hocktide
357:Anglican
214:Mamertus
187:Lutheran
183:Anglican
163:rogation
18:Rogation
2470:Ranking
1871:of the
1867:of the
1408:of the
1404:of the
1387:of the
1325:Belluno
1273:Sources
1111:2299/33
1060:3984295
909:3677891
862:1215582
812:3034156
742:2847160
707:3289524
522:Triduum
489:propers
469:Jamaica
320:incense
55:in 1967
2429:Legend
2400:Legend
2216:Octave
1890:Advent
1688:Octave
1427:Advent
1238:
1230:
1146:
1120:429704
1118:
1066:
1058:
1025:650830
1023:
994:947285
992:
957:
949:
907:
868:
860:
810:
748:
740:
705:
619:
579:
423:Easter
361:Psalms
338:Church
305:Christ
264:parish
172:rogare
122:annual
72:Violet
1236:S2CID
1228:JSTOR
1173:(PDF)
1116:JSTOR
1086:(PDF)
1064:S2CID
1056:JSTOR
1021:JSTOR
990:JSTOR
955:S2CID
947:JSTOR
905:JSTOR
866:S2CID
858:JSTOR
808:JSTOR
788:(PDF)
746:S2CID
738:JSTOR
703:JSTOR
528:Notes
311:Sarum
296:Sarum
199:Roman
169:verb
167:Latin
155:minor
151:major
2448:1955
2403:P =
2061:Lent
2024:Lent
1560:Lent
1144:ISBN
617:ISBN
577:ISBN
378:Any
318:and
226:Gaul
85:Date
2251:6th
2246:5th
2241:4th
2236:3rd
2231:2nd
2226:1st
2092:4th
2087:3rd
2082:2nd
2077:1st
1916:4th
1911:3rd
1906:2nd
1901:1st
1730:7th
1725:6th
1720:5th
1715:4th
1710:3rd
1698:2nd
1596:5th
1591:4th
1586:3rd
1581:2nd
1576:1st
1453:4th
1448:3rd
1443:2nd
1438:1st
1323:,
1220:doi
1106:hdl
1098:doi
1048:doi
1013:doi
982:doi
939:doi
931:ELH
897:doi
850:doi
846:100
800:doi
730:doi
425:or
2509::
1234:.
1226:.
1216:76
1214:.
1189:.
1166:,
1128:^
1114:.
1104:.
1094:44
1092:.
1088:.
1062:.
1054:.
1042:.
1019:.
988:.
978:86
976:.
953:.
945:.
935:63
933:.
917:^
903:.
891:.
887:.
864:.
856:.
844:.
832:^
806:.
794:.
790:.
775:^
744:.
736:.
724:.
699:24
697:.
685:^
676:,
625:.
615:.
613:39
591:^
471:,
322:.
216:,
209:.
1879:)
1875:(
1416:)
1412:(
1377:e
1370:t
1363:v
1331:)
1286:.
1242:.
1222::
1199:.
1152:.
1122:.
1108::
1100::
1070:.
1050::
1044:1
1027:.
1015::
996:.
984::
961:.
941::
911:.
899::
893:7
872:.
852::
827:.
814:.
802::
796:4
752:.
732::
726:1
709:.
641:.
585:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
