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autonomic nervous system (ANS) responses to discrete emotional states. For example, anger might be constituted by a certain set of physiological responses, such as increased cardiac output and high diastolic blood pressure, which would allow us to better understand patterns and predict emotional responses. Some studies were able to detect consistent patterns of ANS responses that corresponded to specific emotions under certain contexts, like an early study by Paul Ekman and colleagues in 1983 "Emotion-specific activity in the autonomic nervous system was generated by constructing facial prototypes of emotion muscle by muscle and by reliving past emotional experiences. The autonomic activity produced distinguished not only between positive and negative emotions, but also among negative emotions". However, as more studies were conducted, more variability was found in ANS responses to discrete emotion inductions, not only among individuals but also over time in the same individuals, and greatly between social groups. Some of these differences can be attributed to variables like induction technique, context of the study, or classification of stimuli, which can alter a perceived scenario or emotional response. However it was also found that features of the participant could also alter ANS responses. Factors such as basal level of arousal at the time of experimentation or between test recovery, learned or conditioned responses to certain stimuli, range and maximal level of effect of ANS action, and individual attentiveness can all alter physiological responses in a lab setting. Even supposedly discrete emotional states fail to show specificity. For example, some emotional typologists consider fear to have subtypes, which might involve fleeing or freezing, both of which can have distinct physiological patterns and potentially distinct neural circuitry. As such no definitive correlation can be drawn linking specific autonomic patterns to discrete emotions, causing emotion theorists to rethink classical definitions of emotions.
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and often only one-dimensional. The loop used to describe this process is known as the biocybernetic loop. The biocybernetic loop describes the closed loop system that receives psychophysiological data from the player, transforms that data into a computerized response, which then shapes the future psychophysiological response from the player. A positive control loop tends towards instability as player-software loop strives towards a higher standard of desirable performance. The physiological computer game may wish to incorporate both positive and negative loops into the adaptive controller.
273:. A psychophysiologist will attempt to link the two. Psychophysiologists generally study the psychological/physiological link in intact human subjects. While early psychophysiologists almost always examined the impact of psychological states on physiological system responses, since the 1970s, psychophysiologists also frequently study the impact of physiological states and systems on psychological states and processes. It is this perspective of studying the interface of mind and body that makes psychophysiologists most distinct.
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392:, or measures of interoceptive visceral awareness such as heartbeat detection. Merits to self-report are an emphasis on accurately understand the participants' subjective experience and understanding their perception; however, its pitfalls include the possibility of participants misunderstanding a scale or incorrectly recalling events. Physiological responses also can be measured via instruments that read bodily events such as heart rate change,
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Physiological computing systems all contain an element that may be termed as an adaptive controller that may be used to represent the player. This adaptive controller represents the decision-making process underlying software adaptation. In their simplest form, adaptive controllers are expressed in
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statements. Adaptive controllers encompass not only the decision-making rules, but also the psychophysiological inference that is implicit in the quantification of those trigger points used to activate the rules. The representation of the player using an adaptive controller can become very complex
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page). The advantages of using psychophysiological indices are that their changes are continuous, measures are covert and implicit, and only available data source when the user interacts with the computer without any explicit communication or input device. These systems rely upon an assumption that
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Psychophysiology studies multiple aspects of behavior, and emotions are the most common example. It has long been recognized that emotional episodes are partly constituted by physiological responses. Early work done linking emotions to psychophysiology started with research on mapping consistent
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that incorporates real-time software adaption to the psychophysiological activity of the user. The main goal of this is to build a computer that responds to user emotion, cognition and motivation. The approach is to enable implicit and symmetrical human-computer communication by granting the
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Finally, one can measure overt action or behavior, which involves the observation and recording actual actions, such as running, freezing, eye movement, and facial expression. These are good response measures and easy to record in animals, but they are not as frequently used in human studies.
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While psychophysiology was a discipline off the mainstream of psychological and medical science prior to roughly the 1940s, more recently, psychophysiology has found itself positioned at the intersection of psychological and medical science, and its popularity and importance have expanded
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event; or how activation of one neural brain structure exerts excitatory activity in another neural structure which then induces an inhibitory effect in some other system. Often, physiological psychologists examine the effects that they study in
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processes. While psychophysiology was a general broad field of research in the 1960s and 1970s, it has now become quite specialized, based on methods, topic of studies and scientific traditions. Methods vary as combinations of
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Welcome MO, Pereverzeva EV, and
Pereverzev VA. A novel psychophysiological model of the effect of alcohol use on academic performance of male medical students of Belarusian State Medical University. IJCRIMPH 2 (6): 183–197,
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Kircanski, K.; Morazavi, A.; Castriotta, N.; Baker, A. S.; Mystkowski, J. L.; Yi, R.; Craske, M. G. (2012). "Challenges to the traditional exposure paradigm: Variability in exposure therapy for contamination fears".
388:, neuroimaging and behavioral methods. Evaluative reports involve participant introspection and self-ratings of internal psychological states or physiological sensations, such as self-report of arousal levels on the
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Task Force of the
European Society of Cardiology the North American Society of Pacing Electrophysiology. Heart Rate Variability Standards of Measurement, Physiological Interpretation, and Clinical Use.
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the psychophysiological measure is an accurate one-to-one representation of a relevant psychological dimension such as mental effort, task engagement and frustration.
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Satpute, A. B.; Mumford, J. A.; Naliboff, B. D.; Poldrack, R. A. (2012). "Human anterior and posterior hippocampus respond distinctly to state and trait anxiety".
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Greenland, K.; Xenias, D.; Maio, G. (2012). "Intergroup anxiety from the self and other: Evidence from self-report, physiological effects, and real interactions".
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Hussein, M.S; Hussain, M. S.; AlZoubi, O.; Calvo, R. A.; D'Mello, S. K. (2011). "Affect
Detection from Multichannel Physiology during Learning Sessions with Auto
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Van Dooren, M.; de Vries, J. J. G.; Janssen, J. H. (2012). "Emotional sweating across the body: Comparing 16 different skin conductance measurement locations".
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Effects of Low-Intensity
Exercise Conditioning on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Autonomic Modulation of Heart Rate in Men and Women with Hypertension.
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Ong, A. D.; Rothstein, J. D.; Uchino, B. N. (2012). "Loneliness accentuates age differences in cardiovascular responses to social evaluate threat".
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179:. Topics have branched into subspecializations such as social, sport, cognitive, cardiovascular, clinical and other branches of psychophysiology.
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Kakarot, N.; Mueller, F.; Bassarak, C. (2012). "Activity–rest schedules in physically demanding work and the variation of responses with age".
312:, MEG, and other neuroimagery techniques. A psychophysiologist may look at how exposure to a stressful situation will produce a result in the
396:, muscle tension, and cardiac output. Many indices are part of modern psychophysiology, including brain waves (electroencephalography, EEG),
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Robinson, Michael; Clore, Gerald (2002). "Episodic and
Semantic Knowledge in Emotional Self-Report: Evidence for Two Judgment Processes".
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Cacioppo, John; Berntson, Gary; Larsen, Jeff; Poehlmann, Kirsten; Ito, Tiffany (2000). "The
Psychophysiology of Emotion".
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Paul, Ekman; Levenson, Robert; Friesen, Wallace (1983). "Autonomic
Nervous System Activity Distinguishes Among Emotions".
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Society for
Psychophysiological Research. The primary American professional organization of psychophysiological research.
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424:), eye movements, recorded via the electro-oculogram (EOG) and direction-of-gaze methods, cardiodynamics, recorded via
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Bradley, Margaret; Lang, Peter (1994). "Measuring
Emotion: The Self-Assessment Manikin and the Semantic Differential".
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Pietschnig, J.; Nader, I. W.; Gittler, G. (2012). "Pheromone exposure impairs spatial task performance in young men".
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Stemmler, Gerhard; Wacker, Jan (2010). "Personality, Emotion, and
Individual Differences in Physiological Responses".
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Arroyo, Ivon; Woolf, B; Cooper, D; Burleson, W; Muldner, K; Christopherson, R (2009). "Emotion Sensors Go To School".
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APA handbook of research methods in psychology: Foundations, planning, measures, and psychometrics (Vol. 1) (2nd ed.).
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Bos, M. W.; Dijksterhuis, A.; Van Baaren, R. (2012). "Food for thought? Trust your unconscious when energy is low".
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Weins, Stefan; Mezzacappa, Elizabeth; Katkin, Edward (2000). "Heartbeat Detection and the Experience of Emotions".
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Cushman, F.; Gary, K.; Gaffey, A.; Mendes, W. B. (2012). "Simulating murder: The aversion to harmful action".
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Gruszynski, Mike; Stephen H Faircloug. "Psychophysiological Inference and Physiological Computer Games".
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Psychophysiology measures exist in multiple domains; reports, electrophysiological studies, studies in
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L. P.T. Hua, C. A. Brown, S. J.M. Hains, M. Godwin, and J. L. Parlow (2009) Biol Res Nurs 11, 129-143
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processes. Physiological sensors have been used to detect emotions in schools and
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Tassinary, Louis G.; Hess, Ursula; Carcoba, Luis M.; Orr, Joseph M. (2023),
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software access to a representation of the user's psychological status.
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Some people have difficulty distinguishing a psychophysiologist from a
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Gross, Cornelius; Canteras, Newton (2012). "The Many Paths to Fear".
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Cacioppo, John; Tassinary, Louis; Berntson, Gary (2007). "25".
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Psychophysiological inference and physiological computer games
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subjects using surgical or invasive techniques and processes.
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Glynn, Laura; Christenfeld, Nicholas; Gerin, William (2002).
662:(3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 581–607.
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Brain, Body and Bytes: Psychophysiological User Interaction
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Psychophysiological measures are often used to study
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changes in pupil diameter with thought and emotion (
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Psychophysiology is closely related to the field of
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944:Brady, ST; Siegel GJ, Albers RW, Price DL. (2012).
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1242:Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics
463:Emotions as example of psychophysiological studies
1652:The Medipsych Institute Clinical Psychophysiology
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476:Physiological computing represents a category of
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1029:Williams, James (1884). "What is an Emotion?".
615:, in Smelser, Neil J.; Baltes, Paul B. (eds.),
572:Cacioppo, John T.; Tassinary, Louis G. (1990).
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292:potentials such as the many types of
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219:adding citations to reliable sources
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41:
1563:, & Tassinary, Louis G (1990),
24:
1556:. Futura Publishing Company, 1995.
946:Basic Neurochemistry. McGill Press
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261:are interested in why we may fear
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660:Handbook of Psychophysiology
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394:electrodermal activity (EDA)
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1427:10.1037/a0025570
1409:
1379:
1342:
1339:10.1002/ejsp.867
1321:
1311:
1296:Psychophysiology
1286:
1275:10.1037/a0025071
1257:
1254:10.1037/a0027388
1227:
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1213:
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1038:
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886:
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824:
791:
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713:
707:
706:
670:
664:
663:
655:
644:
643:
642:
641:
608:
602:
601:
569:
563:
556:Psychophysiology
553:
414:electromyography
406:beats per minute
326:vasoconstriction
246:
239:
235:
232:
226:
195:
187:
135:
134:
125:
124:
115:
114:
105:Psychophysiology
97:
90:
86:
83:
77:
50:
49:
42:
33:Psychophysiology
21:
3007:
3006:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2992:Neuropsychology
2982:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2971:Neurophysiology
2934:
2930:Cell physiology
2918:
2892:
2883:
2864:Fish physiology
2852:
2846:
2816:
2811:
2768:
2744:Psychotherapies
2705:
2662:Martin Seligman
2627:Daniel Kahneman
2567:Richard Lazarus
2517:Raymond Cattell
2421:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2322:
2234:
2061:
2054:
2045:
2006:Neuropsychology
1886:
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1198:
1175:10.1038/nrn3301
1159:
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1097:
1093:
1046:
1042:
1027:
1023:
1016:
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986:
971:
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951:
950:
942:
938:
893:
889:
834:
830:
822:
820:
818:
792:
788:
749:
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714:
710:
671:
667:
656:
647:
639:
637:
635:
609:
605:
570:
566:
554:
550:
546:
541:
533:Behavior change
504:
474:
465:
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382:
247:
236:
230:
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196:
185:
98:
87:
81:
78:
67:
51:
47:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3005:
2995:
2994:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2939:Related topics
2936:
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2911:
2906:
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2713:
2707:
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2702:Roy Baumeister
2699:
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2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2637:Michael Posner
2634:
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2622:Elliot Aronson
2619:
2617:Walter Mischel
2614:
2609:
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2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2582:Albert Bandura
2579:
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2569:
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2559:
2557:Leon Festinger
2554:
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2527:Neal E. Miller
2524:
2522:Abraham Maslow
2519:
2514:
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2507:Ernest Hilgard
2504:
2502:Donald O. Hebb
2499:
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2482:J. P. Guilford
2479:
2477:Gordon Allport
2474:
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2457:John B. Watson
2454:
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2328:
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2300:
2295:
2290:
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2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2248:Animal testing
2244:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
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2167:
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2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1951:Cross-cultural
1948:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1931:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1685:
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1654:
1649:
1644:
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1632:
1631:External links
1629:
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1500:(2): 298–304.
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290:cortical brain
269:system of the
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177:neurochemistry
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70:cleanup reason
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2739:Psychologists
2737:
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2729:Organizations
2727:
2725:
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2677:John Anderson
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2607:Ulric Neisser
2605:
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2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:Endel Tulving
2590:
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2583:
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2577:Robert Zajonc
2575:
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2565:
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2545:
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2535:
2533:
2532:Jerome Bruner
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2497:B. F. Skinner
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
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2478:
2475:
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2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2462:Clark L. Hull
2460:
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2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Sigmund Freud
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:William James
2430:
2428:
2427:Wilhelm Wundt
2425:
2423:
2420:
2419:Psychologists
2415:
2407:
2406:Psychometrics
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2366:Consciousness
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
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2329:
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2319:
2316:
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2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2298:Psychophysics
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2291:
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2284:
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2240:Methodologies
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2201:
2200:Psychotherapy
2198:
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2195:Psychometrics
2193:
2191:
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2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
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2168:
2166:
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2148:
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2126:
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2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
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2086:
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2081:
2078:
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2071:
2068:
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2057:
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2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:Developmental
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
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1913:
1911:
1908:
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1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1882:
1876:
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1800:
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1788:
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1777:Reaction time
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Lie detection
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:Consciousness
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1703:
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1696:
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1692:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1658:
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1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1634:
1623:
1619:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
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1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
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1238:
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1224:
1211:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1149:
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1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1037:(2): 188–205.
1036:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
988:
980:
976:
969:
961:
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817:1-4338-3713-7
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583:
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534:
531:
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524:
521:
519:
518:Jemma B. King
516:
514:
511:
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508:Karl U. Smith
506:
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487:
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454:
450:
440:
436:
435:
434:neuropeptides
431:
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419:
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411:
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403:
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391:
387:
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373:
371:
367:
363:
362:endocrinology
359:
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354:psychological
351:
346:
344:
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334:stroke volume
331:
327:
323:
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315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
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279:
278:organ systems
274:
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268:
264:
260:
259:Psychologists
256:
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224:
220:
216:
210:
209:
205:
200:This section
198:
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152:psychological
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148:physiological
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71:
65:
61:
60:
53:
44:
43:
40:
36:
34:
19:
2652:Larry Squire
2647:Bruce McEwen
2642:Amos Tversky
2612:Jerome Kagan
2602:Noam Chomsky
2542:Hans Eysenck
2512:Harry Harlow
2492:Erik Erikson
2391:Intelligence
2288:Neuroimaging
2031:Quantitative
2025:
1996:Mathematical
1991:Intelligence
1981:Experimental
1976:Evolutionary
1966:Differential
1875:Psychologist
1742:Biofeedback
1720:
1672:
1659:
1603:
1566:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1530:
1497:
1493:
1471:(1): 56–68.
1468:
1464:
1450:(2): 93–98.
1447:
1443:
1418:
1414:
1389:
1385:
1351:
1347:
1330:
1326:
1299:
1295:
1266:
1262:
1245:
1241:
1233:Bibliography
1210:cite journal
1199:
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845:
841:
831:
821:, retrieved
799:
789:
756:
752:
746:
721:
717:
711:
681:(1): 49–59.
678:
674:
668:
659:
638:, retrieved
616:
606:
584:(1): 16–28.
581:
577:
567:
551:
491:
483:
475:
466:
446:
437:
422:pupillometry
383:
374:
350:neuroscience
347:
322:vasodilation
288:, exploring
275:
267:input/output
252:
237:
228:
213:Please help
201:
165:neuroimaging
137:
127:
117:
104:
103:
88:
79:
56:
39:
32:
2724:Disciplines
2697:Susan Fiske
2587:Roger Brown
2487:Carl Rogers
2472:Jean Piaget
2437:Ivan Pavlov
2293:Observation
2273:Experiments
2220:Suicidology
2115:Educational
2070:Anomalistic
2041:Theoretical
2016:Personality
1946:Comparative
1929:Cognitivism
1920:Behaviorism
1772:Orientation
1762:Habituation
1531:Circulation
981:(1): 18–37.
848:(5): 4005.
356:events and
298:brain waves
231:August 2016
76:if you can.
2849:Physiology
2787:Wikisource
2632:Paul Ekman
2467:Kurt Lewin
2361:Competence
2283:Interviews
2263:Case study
2140:Humanistic
2120:Ergonomics
2105:Counseling
2080:Assessment
2062:psychology
2011:Perception
1971:Ecological
1887:psychology
1865:Philosophy
1849:Psychology
1348:Ergonomics
1269:(1): 2–7.
1107:: 173–191.
823:2023-12-21
640:2023-12-14
539:References
402:heart rate
343:infrahuman
318:heart rate
183:Background
144:psychology
82:April 2011
2807:Wikibooks
2797:Wikiquote
2667:Ed Diener
2452:Carl Jung
2356:Cognition
2185:Political
2095:Community
1925:Cognitive
1797:Sensation
1787:Satiation
954:cite book
864:1660-4601
598:1935-990X
544:Citations
453:cognitive
338:endocrine
202:does not
150:bases of
35:(journal)
2986:Category
2802:Wikinews
2759:Timeline
2381:Feelings
2376:Emotions
2336:Behavior
2327:Concepts
2205:Religion
2190:Positive
2180:Pastoral
2165:Military
2130:Forensic
2125:Feminist
2110:Critical
2100:Consumer
2090:Coaching
2085:Clinical
2060:Applied
1956:Cultural
1895:Abnormal
1747:Blushing
1732:Appetite
1612:citation
1586:citation
1522:19704826
1514:22330325
1485:22309734
1435:22004517
1406:22104655
1376:25508336
1368:22273280
1318:22220910
1283:21910540
1183:22850830
1148:24408358
1140:19800934
1086:15285913
923:12271102
882:36901016
873:10002433
781:17805222
773:12088126
738:14815385
703:17630161
502:See also
416:, EMG),
380:Measures
304:(fMRI),
296:(ERPs),
271:amygdala
57:require
2857:Animals
2734:Outline
2230:Traffic
2225:Systems
2160:Medical
1986:Gestalt
1860:History
1737:Arousal
1465:Emotion
1263:Emotion
1191:5319555
1078:6612338
1058:Bibcode
1050:Science
931:1533394
695:7962581
495:Boolean
449:emotion
408:, BPM;
263:spiders
223:removed
208:sources
175:), and
59:cleanup
2897:Plants
2764:Topics
2210:School
2135:Health
2036:Social
1939:Social
1885:Basic
1870:Portal
1782:Reflex
1670:about
1575:
1520:
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736:
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631:
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562:(MeSH)
404:, HR;
320:(HR),
139:-logia
133:-λογία
128:physis
118:psȳkhē
107:(from
2923:Cells
2851:types
2711:Lists
2170:Music
2155:Media
2150:Legal
2001:Moral
1802:Sleep
1625:2010.
1518:S2CID
1372:S2CID
1187:S2CID
1144:S2CID
1082:S2CID
994:Tutor
927:S2CID
777:S2CID
734:S2CID
699:S2CID
358:brain
332:, or
123:φύσις
109:Greek
2396:Mind
1618:link
1592:link
1573:ISBN
1510:PMID
1481:PMID
1431:PMID
1402:PMID
1364:PMID
1314:PMID
1279:PMID
1223:help
1179:PMID
1136:PMID
1074:PMID
1031:Mind
1010:ISBN
960:link
919:PMID
878:PMID
860:ISSN
812:ISBN
769:PMID
691:PMID
629:ISBN
594:ISSN
443:Uses
432:and
398:fMRI
368:and
206:any
204:cite
113:ψῡχή
1502:doi
1498:106
1473:doi
1452:doi
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1356:doi
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1304:doi
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1002:doi
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909:doi
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761:doi
726:doi
683:doi
621:doi
586:doi
310:PET
306:MRI
217:by
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169:MRI
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161:EEG
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