90:. The brain is the control center of the body and contains millions of neural connections. This organ is responsible for sending and receiving messages from the body and its environment. Each part of the brain is specialized for different aspects of the human being. For example, the temporal lobe has a major role in vision and audition, whereas the frontal lobe is significant for motor function and problem solving. The spinal cord is attached to the brain and serves as the main connector of nerves and the brain. The nerve tissue that lies outside of the central nervous system is collectively known as the peripheral nervous system. This system can be further divided into the
111:, which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which extends throughout the rest of the body, this system is responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and facilitating the coordination of various physiological functions. Neurons, the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system, transmit electrical and chemical signals, enabling the rapid exchange of information. The CNS, as the command center, processes sensory input, initiates responses, and stores memories. In contrast, the PNS connects the CNS to organs,
290:, is associated with deep sleep. The body's blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing are generally significantly decreased compared to an alert state. Dreaming can occur in this state; however a person is not able to remember them due to how deep in sleep they are and the inability for consolidation to occur in memory. REM cycles typically occur in 90 minute intervals and increase in length as the amount of sleep in one session progresses. In a typical night's rest, a person will have about four to six cycles of REM and Non-REM sleep.
999:
35:. Most scientists in this field believe that the mind is a phenomenon that stems from the nervous system. By studying and gaining knowledge about the mechanisms of the nervous system, physiological psychologists can uncover many truths about human behavior. Unlike other subdivisions within biological psychology, the main focus of psychological research is the development of theories that describe brain-behavior relationships.
366:. Industrial and organizational psychology focuses on the corporate world to help the function of the work flow for organizations and their relationships with employees. This helps increase job satisfaction and work goals by using surveys and reinforcement with a reward system between employee and employer. School psychologists work in education to partner with schools to provide in house counseling assistance.
229:
more specific purpose as well in the body. It acts as an anxiety suppressant mainly found in stressful and social situations. It provides a calming effect to the body during these high stress situations. Oxytocin is also seen as a strong hormone in maternal attachment and aggression found in new mothers. This hormone also plays a slight part in the female desire to pair and mate.
286:
being awake inside. The same brain energy is used during REM sleep measured by oxygen and glucose metabolism equally to being awake. EEGs are used to notice these patterns in the brain during the different stages on REM and Non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep, also sometimes referred to as slow-wave sleep, is associated with deep sleep. Non-REM sleep, also sometimes referred to as
236:(ACTH) secreted in response to fearful stimuli. ACTH is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to fear and plays a role in the facilitation or inhibition of behaviors and actions to follow. In most cases, a high ACTH secretion will lead to the inhibition of actions that would produce the same fearful response that just occurred.
119:, allowing for voluntary and involuntary actions. The intricate interplay of the nervous system is essential for maintaining homeostasis, responding to stimuli, and orchestrating complex behaviors and cognitive processes. Understanding the structure and function of the nervous system is fundamental to comprehending various
293:
Sleep is important for the body in order to restore itself from the depletion of energy during wakefulness and allows for recovery since cell division occurs the fastest during the Non-REM cycle. Sleep is also important for maintaining the functioning of the immune system, as well as helping with the
297:
As the period of time since the last Non-REM cycle has occurred increases, the body's drive towards sleep also increases. Physical and environmental factors can have a great influence over the body's drive towards sleep. Mental stimulation, pain and discomfort, higher/lower than normal environmental
265:
Sleep is a behavior that is provoked by the body initiating the feeling of sleepiness in order for people to rest for usually several hours at a time. During sleep, there is a reduction of awareness, responsiveness, and movement. On average, an adult human sleeps between seven and eight hours per
228:
acts to over-sensitize the limbic system to emotional responses leading to even larger emotional responses. Under the response to emotions, even more oxytocin is secreted therefore increasing the response further. In addition to the general effects oxytocin has on the limbic system, it provides a
285:
REM sleep is the less restful stage in which you dream and experience muscle movements or twitches. Also during this stage in sleep, a person's heart rate and breathing are typically irregular.The electrical activity in the brain during REM sleep causes signals the same overwhelming intensity of
44:
studies many topics relating to the body's response to a behavior or activity in an organism. It concerns the brain cells, structures, components, and chemical interactions that are involved in order to produce actions. Psychologists in this field usually focus their attention to topics such as
247:
in the body. Both are monoamine neurotransmitters that act on different sites in the body. Serotonin acts on receptors in the gastrointestinal tract while dopamine acts on receptors in the brain, while both performing similar functions. Dopamine is known to be the primary hormone acting on the
161:
can cause irrational outcomes. Two types of emotions occur in the decision making process which anticipating emotions and immediate emotions. Loss and gain in anticipated emotions people will experience the outcomes differently depending on the situation. Immediate emotions are considered true
134:
constitutes a major influence for determining human behaviors. It is thought that emotions are predictable and are rooted in different areas in our brains, depending on what emotion it evokes. An emotional response can be divided into three major categories including behavioral, autonomic, and
102:
and respiration. The somatic system is responsible for relaying messages back and forth from the brain to various parts of the body, whether it is taking in sensory stimuli and sending it to the brain or sending messages from the brain in order for muscles to contract and relax. The
318:
programs. Most physiological psychologists receive PhDs in neuroscience or a related subject and either teach and carry out research at colleges or universities, are employed for research for government laboratories or other private organizations, or are hired by
294:
consolidation of information previously learned and experienced into the memory. If sleep deprived, recall of information is typically decreased. Dreams that occur during sleep have been shown to increase mental creativity and problem solving skills.
346:. Health psychology is a discipline that understands the psychological, behavioral, and cultural aspects that affect the physical health and illnesses within individuals. A psychologists with the focus of health psychology would have a
65:
can be described as a control system that interconnects the other body systems. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and other nerve tissues throughout the body. The system's primary function is to react to internal and external
298:
temperatures, exercise, light exposure, noise, hunger, and overeating all result in an increase in wakefulness. On the contrary, sexual activity and some foods such as carbohydrates and dairy products promote sleep.
270:, and an even smaller percentage of people who sleep more than ten hours a day. Oversleeping has been shown to have a correlation with higher mortality. There are no benefits to oversleeping and it can result in
256:, but only that it works. Specific-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are the type of drug given to patients with depression in which the serotonin is left in the synapse to continue to be absorbed in the body.
560:
Segarra M, Aburto MR, Hefendehl J, Acker-Palmer A. Neurovascular
Interactions in the Nervous System. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2019 Oct 6;35:615-635. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125142. PMID 31590587.
139:
The behavioral component is explained by the muscular movements that accompany the emotion. For example, if a person is experiencing fear, a possible behavioral mechanism would be to run away from the fear
146:
Lastly, hormones released facilitate the autonomic response. For example, the autonomic response, which has sent out the fight-or-flight response, would be aided by the release of such chemicals like
306:
In the past, physiological psychologists received a good portion of their training in psychology departments of major universities. Currently, physiological psychologists are also being trained in
143:
The autonomic aspect of an emotion provides the ability to react to the emotion. This would be the fight-or-flight response that the body automatically receives from the brain signals.
53:. The basis for these studies all surround themselves around the notion of how the nervous system intertwines with other systems in the body to create a specific behavior.
252:, while this has recently begun to be a point of debate in the research community. Serotonin has less known on how it carries out its function in reducing
220:
Several hormones are secreted in response to emotions and vary from general emotional tuning to specific hormones released from certain emotions alone:
70:
in the human body. It uses electrical and chemical signals to send out responses to different parts of the body, and it is made up of nerve cells called
74:. Through the system, messages are transmitted to body tissues such as a muscle. There are two major subdivisions in the nervous system known as the
381:
and the relationship to other parts of the body. The use of science to help the increases knowledge of drugs to then become part of the
630:
LeDoux, J. "Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear".
154:, both secreted by the adrenal gland, in order to further increase blood flow to aid in muscular rejuvenation of oxygen and nutrients.
107:
is a complex and intricate network of cells and fibers that serves as the communication hub within the human body. Consisting of the
1092:
339:
1696:
1187:
757:
98:. The autonomic system can be referred to as the involuntary component that regulates bodily organs and mechanisms, such as
787:
570:
1624:
1255:
1250:
188:
Lesions on the central amygdaloid can lead to disruptions in the behavioral and autonomic emotional responses of fear.
1775:
447:
531:
377:
is biomedical science that helps in the branch of research to discover the characteristics of chemicals that affect
1780:
1676:
354:
and pursue a master's in forensic psychology. Clinical psychology can be pursued in education by a master's or a
1749:
548:
1671:
1122:
745:
1729:
1701:
1584:
886:
487:""Never sacrifice anything to laboratory work": The "physiological psychology" of Charles Richet (1875–1905)"
669:
Neumann, I. "Brain
Oxytocin: A Key Regulator of Emotional and Social Behaviours in Both Females and Males".
393:
can help cover expenses or government assisted insurances can help as well. There are programs like company
1711:
1333:
382:
279:
1739:
233:
158:
108:
1734:
266:
night. There is a minute percentage that sleeps less than five to six hours, which is also a symptom of
1534:
832:
274:, which is the feeling of drowsiness for a period of time after waking. There are two phases of sleep:
708:
Stein, D. "Depression, Anhedonia, and
Psychomotor Symptoms: The Role of Dopaminergic Neurocircuitry".
397:
who provide mental health services at discounted rates as well as financial aid to help reduce costs.
1785:
1666:
1658:
1288:
1022:
898:
79:
908:
876:
812:
780:
378:
359:
320:
275:
167:
163:
91:
728:
643:
Uvnäs-Moberg, K. "Oxytocin May
Mediate the Benefits of Positive Social Interaction and Emotions".
1691:
1298:
1220:
978:
943:
928:
923:
913:
862:
389:
so they seek the options from clinics are any assistance that is offered through work or school.
307:
31:. This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach when studying the brain and
20:
1706:
1509:
1348:
1225:
1205:
1152:
1062:
1017:
988:
963:
893:
881:
847:
409:
209:
99:
95:
75:
656:
Turner, R., & Altemus, M. "Effects of
Emotion on Oxytocin, Prolactin, and ACTH in Women".
486:
1686:
1681:
1366:
1308:
1260:
1087:
1052:
1027:
918:
807:
347:
311:
120:
67:
50:
1293:
1230:
1132:
1042:
872:
857:
45:
sleep, emotion, ingestion, senses, reproductive behavior, learning/memory, communication,
8:
1137:
1127:
1112:
1077:
1072:
1057:
1037:
1032:
903:
842:
773:
335:
331:
202:
1604:
1484:
1318:
1265:
1177:
1172:
1107:
1047:
1007:
933:
46:
28:
1724:
485:
Evrard, Renaud; Gumpper, Stéphane; Beauvais, Bevis; Alvarado, Carlos S. (2021-02-27).
27:
and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in
1629:
1619:
1544:
1519:
1200:
1157:
1082:
983:
968:
852:
817:
753:
514:
506:
443:
390:
386:
343:
327:
267:
253:
213:
1754:
1744:
605:
123:
and advancing medical interventions to support overall human health and well-being.
1639:
1634:
1499:
1494:
1394:
1215:
1162:
1117:
1102:
1097:
973:
948:
498:
419:
351:
314:
programs that are affiliated with psychology departments, or in interdisciplinary
1609:
1574:
1514:
1464:
953:
287:
1649:
1569:
1564:
1529:
1504:
1474:
1469:
1454:
1449:
1429:
1424:
1404:
1195:
750:
Biological
Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience
741:
350:
model approach with patients. Forensic psychology usually have a background in
151:
104:
62:
32:
1769:
1554:
1539:
1524:
1479:
1444:
1409:
1389:
1379:
1374:
1353:
1313:
1245:
1147:
1142:
510:
414:
363:
271:
216:
to produce emotions of happiness as they lie upon the same dopamine pathways.
174:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1559:
1549:
1489:
1459:
1439:
1338:
1235:
938:
822:
518:
374:
315:
194:
323:
to study the effects that various drugs have on an individual's behavior.
1644:
1434:
1419:
1384:
1240:
1167:
867:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
358:
to receive more research experience or academic. This pursuit will learn
147:
87:
185:
is the main component for acquisition, storage, and expression of fear.
1579:
1414:
1210:
1067:
958:
796:
502:
394:
41:
38:
24:
452:
326:
Various forms of psychology concentrations includes in the sectors of
1614:
1399:
1303:
551:. Better Health Channel. State Government of Victoria. 28 March 2013.
244:
1328:
1323:
1283:
240:
225:
198:
182:
695:
Inglehart, R. (2000). "Genes, culture, democracy, and happiness".
131:
112:
998:
71:
563:
23:(biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of
765:
682:
Weiss, J. "Pituitary-Adrenal
Influences on Fear Responding".
484:
232:
Another hormone found in the direct response from emotion is
224:
Emotions are seen as a positive feedback cycle in the brain.
116:
83:
201:
work together to send inhibitory/excitatory impulses to the
1343:
355:
385:
that patients may benefit from. Most people cannot afford
173:
Emotion activates several areas of the brain inside the
525:
584:
582:
724:
722:
720:
718:
600:
598:
239:Happiness is primarily controlled by the levels of
205:
which then carries out usually defensive behaviors.
579:
491:Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences
475:. 7th ed. Boston: Pearson Education, 2008. Print.
1767:
715:
595:
544:
542:
540:
82:. The central nervous system is composed of the
617:LeDoux, J. "Emotional Circuits in the Brain".
781:
537:
788:
774:
162:emotions which integrates cognition with
340:industrial and organizational psychology
473:Foundations of Physiological Psychology
301:
1768:
731:. Virtual Medical Centre. 4 June 2011.
769:
369:
170:to express the emotion externally.
13:
588:Carlson, N. R. (2013). "Emotion".
14:
1797:
697:Culture and subjective well-being
56:
997:
571:The Emotional Life of the Brain.
734:
710:Pearls in Clinical Neuroscience
702:
689:
676:
663:
650:
637:
624:
611:
795:
606:"The Emotional Nervous System"
604:Boeree, C. (January 1, 2009).
592:(11). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
554:
478:
432:
1:
1093:Industrial and organizational
748:, and Neil V. Watson (2007).
671:Journal of Neuroendicrinology
619:Annual Review of Neuroscience
425:
1334:Human factors and ergonomics
383:traditional medical practice
166:or bodily components of the
109:central nervous system (CNS)
7:
632:The Journal of Neuroscience
403:
234:adrenocorticotropic hormone
159:Emotions in decision making
10:
1802:
532:"Physiological Psychology"
126:
1720:
1657:
1364:
1274:
1186:
1023:Applied behavior analysis
1006:
995:
831:
803:
699:(165). : Penguin UK.
80:peripheral nervous system
1776:Physiological psychology
645:Psychoneuroendocrinology
608:. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
438:Pinel, J. P. J. (2004).
379:biological functionalism
360:psychological assessment
321:pharmaceutical companies
260:
177:and varies per emotion:
168:autonomic nervous system
17:Physiological psychology
1781:Behavioral neuroscience
1299:Behavioral neuroscience
863:Behavioral neuroscience
308:behavioral neuroscience
212:works closely with the
21:behavioral neuroscience
1349:Psychology of religion
1289:Behavioral engineering
1226:Human subject research
882:Cognitive neuroscience
848:Affective neuroscience
752:. Sinauer Associates.
590:Physiology of behavior
410:Cognitive neuroscience
210:ventral tegmental area
193:Anger/aggression: the
121:neurological disorders
96:somatic nervous system
51:neurological disorders
29:controlled experiments
1725:Wiktionary definition
1261:Self-report inventory
1256:Quantitative research
312:biological psychology
1251:Qualitative research
1206:Behavior epigenetics
362:, consultation, and
302:Careers in the field
19:is a subdivision of
1730:Wiktionary category
1294:Behavioral genetics
1266:Statistical surveys
1123:Occupational health
858:Behavioral genetics
442:. Allyn and Bacon.
336:clinical psychology
332:forensic psychology
203:periaqueductal gray
1702:Schools of thought
1605:Richard E. Nisbett
1485:Donald T. Campbell
1163:Sport and exercise
729:"Sleep Physiology"
503:10.1002/jhbs.22086
276:rapid eye movement
47:psychopharmacology
1763:
1762:
1740:Wikimedia Commons
1667:Counseling topics
1630:Ronald C. Kessler
1620:Shelley E. Taylor
1545:Lawrence Kohlberg
1520:Stanley Schachter
1319:Consumer behavior
1201:Archival research
969:Psycholinguistics
853:Affective science
758:978-0-87893-705-9
569:Goudreau, Jenna.
534:. Changing Minds.
471:Carlson, Neil R.
391:Medical insurance
387:mental healthcare
370:Medical Treatment
344:school psychology
328:health psychology
268:sleep deprivation
214:prefrontal cortex
1793:
1786:Human physiology
1697:Research methods
1640:Richard Davidson
1635:Joseph E. LeDoux
1510:George A. Miller
1500:David McClelland
1495:Herbert A. Simon
1395:Edward Thorndike
1216:Content analysis
1001:
974:Psychophysiology
790:
783:
776:
767:
766:
760:
738:
732:
726:
713:
706:
700:
693:
687:
680:
674:
667:
661:
654:
648:
641:
635:
628:
622:
615:
609:
602:
593:
586:
577:
576:. 26 April 2012.
567:
561:
558:
552:
549:"Nervous System"
546:
535:
529:
523:
522:
482:
476:
469:
450:
436:
420:Psychophysiology
352:criminal justice
1801:
1800:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1716:
1692:Psychotherapies
1653:
1610:Martin Seligman
1575:Daniel Kahneman
1515:Richard Lazarus
1465:Raymond Cattell
1369:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1270:
1182:
1009:
1002:
993:
954:Neuropsychology
834:
827:
799:
794:
764:
763:
746:Mark Rosenzweig
739:
735:
727:
716:
707:
703:
694:
690:
686:, 163, 197–199.
681:
677:
668:
664:
655:
651:
642:
638:
634:, 8, 2517–2529.
629:
625:
616:
612:
603:
596:
587:
580:
568:
564:
559:
555:
547:
538:
530:
526:
483:
479:
470:
453:
437:
433:
428:
406:
400:
372:
348:biopsychosocial
304:
288:slow-wave sleep
263:
208:Happiness: the
129:
59:
12:
11:
5:
1799:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1650:Roy Baumeister
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1585:Michael Posner
1582:
1577:
1572:
1570:Elliot Aronson
1567:
1565:Walter Mischel
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Albert Bandura
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Leon Festinger
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1475:Neal E. Miller
1472:
1470:Abraham Maslow
1467:
1462:
1457:
1455:Ernest Hilgard
1452:
1450:Donald O. Hebb
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1430:J. P. Guilford
1427:
1425:Gordon Allport
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:John B. Watson
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1280:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1196:Animal testing
1192:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1004:
1003:
996:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
899:Cross-cultural
896:
891:
890:
889:
879:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
839:
837:
829:
828:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
804:
801:
800:
793:
792:
785:
778:
770:
762:
761:
742:Marc Breedlove
733:
714:
712:, 13, 561–565.
701:
688:
675:
673:, 20, 858–865.
662:
649:
647:, 23, 819–835.
636:
623:
621:, 23, 155–183.
610:
594:
578:
562:
553:
536:
524:
497:(2): 172–193.
477:
451:
430:
429:
427:
424:
423:
422:
417:
412:
405:
402:
371:
368:
303:
300:
282:sleep (NREM).
262:
259:
258:
257:
237:
230:
218:
217:
206:
191:
190:
189:
156:
155:
152:norepinephrine
144:
141:
128:
125:
105:nervous system
63:nervous system
58:
57:Nervous system
55:
33:human behavior
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1798:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1687:Psychologists
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Organizations
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:John Anderson
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1555:Ulric Neisser
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1540:Endel Tulving
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Robert Zajonc
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1480:Jerome Bruner
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1445:B. F. Skinner
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Clark L. Hull
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1390:Sigmund Freud
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1380:William James
1378:
1376:
1375:Wilhelm Wundt
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:Psychologists
1363:
1355:
1354:Psychometrics
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1314:Consciousness
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1246:Psychophysics
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1188:Methodologies
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Psychotherapy
1146:
1144:
1143:Psychometrics
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1000:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Developmental
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
888:
885:
884:
883:
880:
878:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
840:
838:
836:
830:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
805:
802:
798:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
771:
768:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
737:
730:
725:
723:
721:
719:
711:
705:
698:
692:
685:
679:
672:
666:
660:, 5, 269–276.
659:
653:
646:
640:
633:
627:
620:
614:
607:
601:
599:
591:
585:
583:
575:
572:
566:
557:
550:
545:
543:
541:
533:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
481:
474:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
449:
448:0-205-42651-4
445:
441:
440:Biopsychology
435:
431:
421:
418:
416:
415:Psychophysics
413:
411:
408:
407:
401:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
367:
365:
364:psychotherapy
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
317:
313:
309:
299:
295:
291:
289:
283:
281:
277:
273:
272:sleep inertia
269:
255:
251:
250:reward system
246:
242:
238:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:
221:
215:
211:
207:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
186:
184:
180:
179:
178:
176:
175:limbic system
171:
169:
165:
160:
153:
149:
145:
142:
138:
137:
136:
133:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
64:
54:
52:
48:
43:
40:
39:Physiological
36:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1600:Larry Squire
1595:Bruce McEwen
1590:Amos Tversky
1560:Jerome Kagan
1550:Noam Chomsky
1490:Hans Eysenck
1460:Harry Harlow
1440:Erik Erikson
1339:Intelligence
1236:Neuroimaging
979:Quantitative
944:Mathematical
939:Intelligence
929:Experimental
924:Evolutionary
914:Differential
823:Psychologist
749:
736:
709:
704:
696:
691:
683:
678:
670:
665:
657:
652:
644:
639:
631:
626:
618:
613:
589:
573:
565:
556:
527:
494:
490:
480:
472:
439:
434:
399:
375:Pharmacology
373:
356:PsyD program
325:
316:neuroscience
305:
296:
292:
284:
264:
249:
219:
195:hypothalamus
172:
157:
130:
60:
37:
16:
15:
1672:Disciplines
1645:Susan Fiske
1535:Roger Brown
1435:Carl Rogers
1420:Jean Piaget
1385:Ivan Pavlov
1241:Observation
1221:Experiments
1168:Suicidology
1063:Educational
1018:Anomalistic
989:Theoretical
964:Personality
894:Comparative
877:Cognitivism
868:Behaviorism
148:epinephrine
135:hormonal.
88:spinal cord
1770:Categories
1735:Wikisource
1580:Paul Ekman
1415:Kurt Lewin
1309:Competence
1231:Interviews
1211:Case study
1088:Humanistic
1068:Ergonomics
1053:Counseling
1028:Assessment
1010:psychology
959:Perception
919:Ecological
835:psychology
813:Philosophy
797:Psychology
426:References
395:Betterhelp
278:(REM) and
254:depression
181:Fear: the
42:psychology
25:perception
1755:Wikibooks
1745:Wikiquote
1615:Ed Diener
1400:Carl Jung
1304:Cognition
1133:Political
1043:Community
873:Cognitive
511:0022-5061
245:serotonin
100:digestion
92:autonomic
1750:Wikinews
1707:Timeline
1329:Feelings
1324:Emotions
1284:Behavior
1275:Concepts
1153:Religion
1138:Positive
1128:Pastoral
1113:Military
1078:Forensic
1073:Feminist
1058:Critical
1048:Consumer
1038:Coaching
1033:Clinical
1008:Applied
904:Cultural
843:Abnormal
519:33639010
404:See also
338:,
248:brain's
241:dopamine
226:Oxytocin
199:amygdala
183:amygdala
1682:Outline
1178:Traffic
1173:Systems
1108:Medical
934:Gestalt
808:History
684:Science
280:Non-REM
164:somatic
140:factor.
132:Emotion
127:Emotion
113:muscles
76:central
72:neurons
68:stimuli
1712:Topics
1158:School
1083:Health
984:Social
887:Social
833:Basic
818:Portal
756:
658:Stress
574:Forbes
517:
509:
446:
342:, and
117:glands
115:, and
49:, and
1659:Lists
1118:Music
1103:Media
1098:Legal
949:Moral
261:Sleep
84:brain
1344:Mind
754:ISBN
515:PMID
507:ISSN
444:ISBN
243:and
197:and
150:and
94:and
86:and
78:and
61:The
740:S.
499:doi
310:or
1772::
744:,
717:^
597:^
581:^
539:^
513:.
505:.
495:57
493:.
489:.
454:^
334:,
330:,
875:/
789:e
782:t
775:v
521:.
501::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.