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471:, which recommended that when a draft card was abandoned or mutilated that registrant should be declared "a delinquent for failure to have the card in his possession" and then be reclassified as available for service. Two days later, he sent a letter to local boards suggesting that violators of any portion of the Selective Service Act or Regulations be treated as delinquent. Notably, he said that such violations included "illegal activity which interferes with recruiting," which was assumed to mean demonstrating against military recruiters. Unlike the Memorandum, the letter was unofficial. This order outraged students, many of whom were not subject to being drafted due to education deferments, and campus demonstrations against the war (and Hershey's order) increased. Various Supreme Court cases voided the Memorandum, and after one of them Hershey withdrew it with Memorandum No. 101, on January 21, 1970. The most explicit overruling of the Memorandum and Letter came in a decision from the United States Court of Appeals Third Circuit in
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Since we have reached the conclusion that the delinquency reclassifications here are invalid for the separate and independent reasons that (1) they violate the constitutional procedural due process guarantees of the Fifth and Sixth
Amendments, and (2) they lack statutory authorization, we find it
504:
As required by law, Hershey was involuntarily retired from the Army on April 10, 1973, at the age of 79, as a four-star general. He was one of the very few members of the U.S. Army to be allowed to serve beyond the mandatory retirement age of 64 since it was established shortly after the
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announced that
Hershey would leave the office of Director of the Selective Service on February 16, 1970. Nixon appointed Hershey as Presidential Advisor for Manpower Mobilization effective the day after Hershey left his position with the Selective Service.
582:. (Generals Reckord and Boyle were both long serving state adjutants general in the National Guard.) Hershey was also one of the few Army officers promoted to brigadier general without previously holding the rank of colonel.
434:. On July 31, 1941, President Roosevelt named Hershey director of the Selective Service. In 1942, Hershey was promoted to major general. In 1943, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Laws from
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General
Hershey was one of only six generals in the history of the United States Army to have served as a general during three major conflicts. The other five were Brevet Lieutenant General
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On
October 24, 1967, in response to increasing demonstrations against military recruiting on college campuses, Hershey issued Local Board Memorandum No. 85, since known as the
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in 1913. In 1916, his guard unit was called to active duty on the
Mexican border. The unit was relieved in December 1916. His unit was again called to federal service during
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353:, son of Latta Freleigh Hershey (1858–1938) and Rosetta Caroline Richardson (1862–1898). He attended the local public schools and graduated from Tri-State College (now
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on
January 2, 1970, which ruled that there is "no statutory authorization for such reclassification," but did not rule on First Amendment issues:
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357:) in 1914 receiving a degree in education. He taught at local elementary schools and served as a school principal in Indiana.
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unnecessary to advert to the plaintiffs' contention that the reclassifications violate their First
Amendment rights.
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The controversy over the
Hershey Directive led to calls for his retirement. On October 10, 1969 President
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578:(World War II, Korea, Vietnam), Major General Leo Boyle (World War II, Korea, Vietnam), and General
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After the war, Hershey remained in the
National Guard until he received a regular commission as a
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He married Ellen Dygert (1892–1977) and had four children: Kathryn, Gilbert, George, and Ellen.
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Brigadier
General, Army of the United States – 16 November 1940 (Date of rank 25 October 1940.)
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In 1936, he was assigned to the General Staff in Washington, DC. In October 1940, President
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951:"Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey | Distinguished Service Medal | the American Legion"
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on May 20, 1977 (only a month after his wife's death) and he is interred in Section 7 of
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Major General, Retired List – 31 December 1946 (Returned to active duty the next day.)
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Captain, Field Artillery, Regular Army – 3 September 1920 (Date of rank 1 July 1920.)
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Captain, Indiana National Guard (temporary) – 27 May 1918 (Date of rank 10 May 1918.)
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300:(September 12, 1893 – May 20, 1977) was a United States Army
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1018:"Longines Chronoscope with Maj. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey (February 4, 1953)"
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promoted him to brigadier general and named him executive officer of the
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and then served in the general staff as G-4 at the Department of Hawaii.
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1st Lieutenant, 3rd Infantry, Indiana National Guard – 9 February 1916
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Harvard Law Review article on the legality of the "Hershey Directive"
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Lieutenant Colonel, Field Artillery, Regular Army – 12 September 1940
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886:"421 F2d 24 Bucher v. Selective Service System Local Boards Nos Etc"
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Hershey was promoted to lieutenant general in 1956 and to four-star
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2nd Lieutenant, 3rd Infantry, Indiana National Guard – 17 June 1913
308:, the means by which the United States administers its military
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985:, Vol. F (1942) New York: James T. White & Co. p. 47.
927:. Boy Scouts of America National Council. 2007. Archived from
908:
Burial Detail: Hershey, Lewis Blaine (Section 7, Grave 8197-D)
570:(War of 1812, Mexican War and Civil War), General of the Army
551:
and executive in Washington, DC. His previous awards from the
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United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
574:(World War I, World War II and Korea), Lieutenant General
445:, and held the position until February 15, 1970, spanning
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He was the longest-serving director in the history of the
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Major General, Army of the United States – 28 April 1942
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Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
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in Northeastern Lodge 210, Fremont, Indiana, in 1916.
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Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
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Major, Field Artillery, Regular Army – 1 August 1935
861:"Honorary Degrees Awarded by Oglethorpe University"
372:in 1911. Hershey received a direct commission as a
1127:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
838:– Parody of Hershey, a satirical character of the
780:Private, Indiana National Guard – 16 February 1911
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819:Lieutenant General, Retired List – 23 June 1956
520:holds a General Hershey Remembrance Ceremony at
1003:at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website
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783:Corporal, Indiana National Guard – 10 June 1912
1142:Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
1067:United States Army personnel of the Korean War
786:Sergeant, Indiana National Guard – 28 May 1913
591:U.S. military decorations and service medals
1062:United States Army generals of World War II
1057:United States Army personnel of World War I
977:Who Was Who in America, Vol. VII, 1977–1981
539:Hershey was a recipient of the prestigious
484:(Many online articles erroneously refer to
1162:Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
963:United States Army Register, 1964. p. 593.
40:
983:National Cyclopædia of American Biography
979:. Chicago:Marquis Who's Who, p. 270.
825:Released from Active Duty - 10 April 1973
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304:who served as the second Director of the
822:General, Retired List – 23 December 1969
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863:. Oglethorpe University. Archived from
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1072:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
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27:United States Army general (1893–1977)
1112:United States Army War College alumni
705:Non-governmental organization awards
338:Grave at Arlington National Cemetery
1152:Eisenhower administration personnel
1097:People from Steuben County, Indiana
1027:Online Biography of General Hershey
603:Defense Distinguished Service Medal
24:
898:New York Times. October 11, 1969.
748:Silver Helmet Defense Award (1968)
735:Distinguished Service Medal (1946)
725:Gold Good Citizenship Medal (1967)
486:Bucher v. Selective Service System
473:Bucher v. Selective Service System
261:Director, Selective Service System
25:
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1082:Conscription in the United States
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404:Command and General Staff College
70:July 31, 1941 – February 15, 1970
1157:Kennedy administration personnel
1020:is available for viewing at the
738:National Commanders Award (1963)
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627:Navy Distinguished Service Medal
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615:Army Distinguished Service Medal
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1147:Truman administration personnel
1132:20th-century American educators
1102:Military personnel from Indiana
720:Sons of the American Revolution
1167:Nixon administration personnel
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710:Masonic Grand Lodge of Indiana
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693:National Defense Service Medal
660:American Defense Service Medal
488:as a Supreme Court decision.)
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1172:Ohio State University faculty
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715:Caleb B. Smith Medal of Honor
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1007:Brainyquotes.com for Hershey
638:Mexican Border Service Medal
382:American Expeditionary Force
380:and sent to France with the
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1137:Schoolteachers from Indiana
1077:United States Army generals
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534:Arlington National Cemetery
522:Arlington National Cemetery
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682:World War II Victory Medal
219:1911–1920 (National Guard)
649:World War I Victory Medal
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402:in 1920. He attended the
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443:Selective Service System
432:Selective Service System
368:Hershey enlisted in the
306:Selective Service System
111:Clarence Addison Dykstra
58:Selective Service System
46:Lewis B. Hershey in 1973
1092:Trine University alumni
671:American Campaign Medal
351:Steuben County, Indiana
153:Steuben County, Indiana
940:Has full list to 2007.
842:-era protest movement.
586:Awards and decorations
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482:
464:on December 23, 1969.
370:Indiana National Guard
252:Indiana National Guard
769:Silver Antelope Award
753:Boy Scouts of America
695:with oak leaf cluster
561:Silver Antelope Award
545:Boy Scouts of America
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436:Oglethorpe University
416:Ohio State University
387:Hershey was raised a
216:Years of service
79:Franklin D. Roosevelt
1001:Lewis Blaine Hershey
807:Colonel – Never held
759:Silver Buffalo Award
541:Silver Buffalo Award
524:on February 26, 2024
298:Lewis Blaine Hershey
87:Dwight D. Eisenhower
34:Lewis Blaine Hershey
888:. 1969. p. 24.
764:Silver Beaver Award
557:Silver Beaver Award
56:Director of the US
836:General Hershy Bar
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507:American Civil War
428:Franklin Roosevelt
210:United States Army
150:September 12, 1893
572:Douglas MacArthur
469:Hershey Directive
410:. Hershey taught
374:second lieutenant
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95:Lyndon B. Johnson
16:(Redirected from
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1022:Internet Archive
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266:Battles/wars
165:(1977-05-20)
163:May 20, 1977
118:Succeeded by
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1052:1977 deaths
1047:1893 births
840:Vietnam War
700:State award
547:. He was a
455:Vietnam War
378:World War I
286:Vietnam War
274:World War I
106:Preceded by
1041:Categories
971:References
935:2007-07-14
871:2015-03-14
775:Promotions
553:Boy Scouts
500:Retirement
451:Korean War
345:Early life
282:Korean War
270:Border War
182:Allegiance
146:1893-09-12
123:Dee Ingold
543:from the
75:President
66:In office
830:See also
559:and the
453:and the
406:and the
364:Military
258:Commands
126:(Acting)
462:general
414:at the
398:in the
396:captain
302:general
235:General
925:Awards
743:AMVETS
617:(1946)
605:(1970)
449:, the
422:Career
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172:, U.S.
155:, U.S.
847:Notes
516:The
241:Unit
226:Rank
160:Died
140:Born
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