540:") on 31 December 1990 and published its first edition under the new name on 2 January 1991, right around the time of the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Despite its name implying daily circulation, it decreased publishing frequency first to five times per week, then later to three times. It greatly slowed the publication of literature. Due to economic instability, changing currencies, and changing mail systems, it lost subscribers from across the Soviet Union. By the end of 1993, it had around 400 subscribers.
1537:, p. 51–52; "Soviet society was given a considerable amount of freedom of expression after Stalin's death The mother tongue was gradually disappearing. This had begun right after the forced migration. From 1954 to 1957, when the status of Koreans was improved and freedom of relocation granted, many Koryo-saram began to actively leave the countryside. It is that Koryo-saram flowed out of their native-language schools and moved to Russian language schools."
427:, who later became a significant North Korean poet. Its initial circulation was stated to be around 6,000, but in reality it was likely around 2,000 and later 4,000 in the late 1940s. The staff appealed for more space for articles, higher publishing frequency, and larger circulation for years. The Soviet government allowed them larger pages and five issues on 21 March 1940, but they continued appealing. After Soviet dictator
366:(now in Kazakhstan), where they began publishing an unofficial temporary newspaper. They also began attempting to obtain permission from Uzbek and Kazakhstan government officials to officially restart the paper, but their movement was restricted and the government initially refused. The Uzbek government even arrested a staff member who was never seen again. However, staff member Yeom Sa-il (
510:
after Stalin's death in the 1950s, fewer and fewer Koryo-saram spoke Korean. The paper had benefited from acquiring personnel from
Sakhalin and North Korea until the late 1960s, but this did not halt the decline. Beginning in March 1989, Russian-language pages began occupying a fourth of each edition. Every Saturday, it published entirely in Russian under the name
29:
1076:
587:
and information about Kazakh history and culture, which Lee Jin-hae suggests is at the request of the Kazakh government. It also published articles between 1991 and 2017 advocating for the emigration of
Russians, adopting a Kazakh identity, and encouraging the learning and use of the Kazakh language.
455:
The contents of the paper aligned closely with Soviet messaging, and featured prominently themes of multi-ethnic families, internationalist unification and collectivism, and the lives of Soviet
Koreans. At the time, it was published six times a week, and had branches in cities with significant Korean
489:
In August 1978, it relocated to Almaty, where it now remains. The paper had actually wanted to relocate since 1954, but this decision was caught up in bureaucracy until 1978. It published its first issue from Almaty on 2 September 1978. Despite its recent successes, in Almaty it struggled with dated
569:
As of 2023, the paper still publishes on a weekly basis, both online and in print, where circulation is now around 2,000 copies. The number of Koryo-saram able to speak Korean continues to decrease. It is owned and financially supported by the
Association of Koreans in Kazakhstan, and also receives
548:
split off and became their own regional newspapers. By 1994, circulation briefly recovered to around 4,500 copies, but publication frequency decreased to once per week, which it maintains as of April 2023. Of sixteen pages, four are in Korean and twelve in
Russian. In late 1999, the Kazakhstan
509:
However, the newspaper began a period of decline in the last years of the Soviet Union. One significant and still-relevant issue was the decreasing number of Korean speakers. After regional languages were suppressed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s and minorities were given more freedom of movement
543:
The sudden liberalization of the market and freedom of movement also caused economic instability. Leadership turned over frequently, and many employees left to take opportunities abroad, especially to South Korea. Around this time, the paper began aligning itself closer with South Korea, and even
228:
It had a circulation of around 40,000 during its peak around the 1970s and 1980s, but due to falling numbers of ethnic
Koreans able to speak Korean, now publishes around 2,000 copies and is largely supported by the Association of Koreans in Kazakhstan and the Ministry of Culture, Information, and
556:
The newspaper began using computers in the mid-1990s, and publishing online articles since the late 2000s. This has allegedly supported international readership of its articles. Its older editions were also digitized and made freely available around 2003. In the late 2000s, it stopped publishing
213:
in 1991. It is notable for being one of the oldest Korean-language newspapers and the oldest active outside of the Korean peninsula, having celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2023. It was also for decades the only Korean-language newspaper with nationwide availability in the Soviet Union and a
318:
The first editor was Lee Paik-cho (28 December 1895 – 12 July 1934). Lee also served as the third, sixth, and eighth chief editor. He was born in Seoul and was a lifelong
Communist, independence activist, and advocate of Koryo-saram socialist literature. He later died in a car accident.
281:. Thousands of Koreans went into exile after the crackdowns, going mainly to Russia, China, and the United States. Many of the paper's staff were also active in the independence movement, and their coverage of the movement has been the subject of study by recent scholars.
422:
It initially had around eighteen employees and was allowed to publish issues of four pages, three times per week. Due to limited space and fear of censorship, it initially published less literature than before, but it did publish works from authors like
573:
Since the 1990s, all editors-in-chief have been native-Russian speakers. Around 2018, the paper had fewer than 10 employees, and there has usually only been one Korean-language reporter since the early 2000s, namely
Sakhalin-born Nam Gyeong-ja
435:
began publishing more literature and were allowed national circulation on 1 January 1954. Around this time, their circulation reached around 7,000. It became the only Korean-language newspaper available nationwide in the Soviet Union, although
1884:
544:
adjusting its style and vocabulary from North Korean to South Korean standards. This switch was of interest to South Korean scholars studying the standardization of Korean writing in the 20th century. Former regional branches of the
592:
and aligns itself closely with South Korea. However, it has published opinion pieces that disagree with the government on occasion, including pieces skeptical of 1990s laws aimed at increasing the use of the Kazakh language.
418:
of
Uzbekistan. Since then, its publication has been uninterrupted. It is allegedly the first Korean newspaper to use horizontal, left-to-right type, as most others at the time wrote vertically and right-to-left.
611:
are considered branches of Korean newspapers. In 2023, it celebrated its 100th anniversary. Various exhibitions were held in both
Kazakhstan and South Korea to commemorate the event, including at the
1077:"Аt the National library of the RK will take place the panel named "The newspaper "Senbon – Lenin kichi – Kore ilbo" – the indispensable part of the history of the Korean people""
1122:
2591:
549:
government privatized all state-supported newspapers, leading to the Association of Koreans in Kazakhstan taking ownership on 1 March 2000, and reduced its support of
490:
printing technology, meaning it could only publish four-page papers twice and two-page papers three times per week. After requesting newer equipment, it switched from
640:
486:
In the 1970s and 1980s, during a boom in collectivized farming among Koryo-saram, the paper had over 40,000 copies in circulation and around 60–80 employees.
322:
Around 1925, it began publishing Korean-language literature, and made literature a prominent regular feature of the paper in 1933 due in part to efforts by
599:
The newspaper is of the oldest active Korean-language newspapers and the oldest active independent newspaper outside of the Korean peninsula. According to
2601:
1939:
475:
Shortly after the liberation of Korea, many Koryo-saram moved to North Korea, although a number returned between 1955 and 1957 and turned towards
2308:
570:
government subsidies. It also maintains reporters in Russia and Uzbekistan, and covers stories about Koryo-saram across the former Soviet Union.
323:
347:
During the 1930s, large-scale political purges took place in the Soviet Union, which intensified toward the later part of that decade with the
2596:
2134:
342:
273:
The predecessor (if it existed) and the eventual actual paper were published in response to the violent suppression of the 1919 Korean
583:
The paper currently tends to align itself with Kazakh government messaging. Since 2009, the paper has also published articles in the
355:, the newspaper had a hiatus until March 1938 due to the deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union, who were forcibly resettled in
214:
significant promoter of the literature of Koryo-saram, during a period when regional languages were suppressed by the government.
2606:
348:
2564:
596:
While the paper is hopeful it will continue publishing, scholars like Kim Byeong-hag are doubtful of its long term prospects.
359:. Restrictions were also placed on the use and teaching of Korean. The executive staff were arrested, and some were executed.
2050:
1733:
944:[Gwangju Koryo-saram village, 104th anniversary of the March 1st movement, Koryo Ilbo 100th anniversary exhibition].
472:, Moscow, and Sakhalin joined the newspaper, and local reporters on the ground in various republics across the Soviet Union.
303:
was published on the fourth anniversary of the March 1st protests. A few years afterwards, the newspaper changed its name to
2361:
1966:"Diaspora Nationalism: The Case of Ethnic Korean Minority in Kazakhstan and its Lessons from the Crimean Tatars in Turkey"
2626:
2586:
1736:[The 100th anniversary of "Koryo Ilbo"! "Senbon", "Lenin Kichi", "Koryo Ilbo" – a mirror of the Korean people].
2621:
2557:
1942:[Social Transformation of the Korean Diaspora (Koryo-Saram) in Contemporary Kazakhstan based upon Koryo Ilbo].
1013:[Despite Japanese and Soviet suppression, '100 years of Hangul'... Do you know of the Koryo Ilbo] (in Korean).
645:
2291:
910:[Koryo Ilbo, the oldest Korean newspaper outside the Korean Peninsula, celebrates its 100th anniversary].
315:
was managed by the government, and local Communist officials had control over the staff and content of the paper.
328:
210:
2179:
1608:
1567:
1081:
632:
612:
2616:
2611:
2356:
333:, a prominent Koryo-saram author. This became a significant platform for Koryo-saram to showcase their work.
2455:
2399:
2110:
2079:
1653:[Koryo Ilbo first edition(formerly The Leninist Banner, using both Russian and Korean languages)].
243:
1734:"Открываем год 100-летия "Коре ильбо"! "Сенбон", "Ленин кичи", "Коре ильбо" – зеркало корейского народа"
2445:
600:
394:. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of South Kazakhstan initially wanted to name the paper
2073:
2043:
2104:
853:
would not last until 2023 because of Nam Kyung-ja's lifespan. She was already 69 years old in 2011.
390:
and two regional papers. In March 1938, the local communist party decided to merge the papers into
249:
1477:[The Tragic History of Koryo-saram' Koryo Ilbo's 90th anniversary celebration] (in Korean)
2326:
2174:
2140:
2122:
837:
815:, 'Lenin's Banner'. The title was initially spelled slightly differently in both Korean (
1166:
2098:
2017:
483:
newspapers from this period are now considered valuable resources for studying the Korean War.
836:
This occurred during a cool point in North Korea–Soviet relations that culminated in the 1956
132:
1760:
311:
around 1929 to 1934, then from Vladivostok again. Like other Soviet newspapers of the time,
2036:
1376:
589:
438:
98:
2423:
1965:
557:
literature, especially after the retirement of one of the last major Koryo-saram authors,
8:
2465:
2316:
2203:
1474:
356:
248:
According to several sources, the newspaper had an August 1922 predecessor published in
2415:
2298:
2128:
1986:
912:
274:
941:
635:
award from the Soviet government on the 50th anniversary of the newspaper's change to
2513:
1990:
449:
222:
2488:
558:
2321:
1978:
713:
620:
495:
376:, secretly traveling to Almaty and getting permission, and returning to Kyzylorda.
168:
44:
907:
689:
668:
584:
415:
278:
218:
164:
104:
28:
2331:
2253:
2184:
2086:
1603:
1562:
1221:
2022:
1982:
2580:
2478:
2473:
1014:
946:
428:
221:, the Korean language, the Korean independence movement, the Korean War, and
1650:
2528:
2503:
2391:
2336:
1914:
660:
491:
296:
184:
1763:[Interview with creator of the Koryo Ilbo archive Kim Sang-heon].
2533:
2523:
2518:
2508:
2483:
2286:
2116:
2059:
1010:
469:
424:
292:
180:
82:
2013:
603:
Chairman Nam Young-jin, older still-active papers in the US such as the
2493:
2225:
2092:
308:
176:
88:
840:, in which Kim purged a number of Soviet- and Chinese-aligned Koreans.
2450:
2407:
2239:
2169:
1917:[History & Prospect of Koreilbo for Koreo-Saram in CIS].
363:
351:. On 12 September 1937, after the publication of the 1644th issue of
2218:
461:
457:
386:
Before the migration, there had been three Koryo-saram newspapers:
2498:
2211:
616:
465:
373:
217:
The newspaper is also a significant source for the study of the
2550:
2276:
2246:
536:
414:
was first published as a state newspaper on 15 May 1938 in the
172:
2028:
2232:
699:
526:), but this closed after 84 issues due to financial issues.
1125:[Celebrating the 100th anniversary of Koryo Ilbo].
2006:
1557:
1555:
146:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1838:
1836:
1811:
1809:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1282:
1280:
1278:
372:) managed to get permission by disguising himself as a
1033:
1031:
827:), which can be seen on the 15 May 1938 first edition.
1552:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
479:
to publish writing about their experiences. As such,
1865:
1848:
1833:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1715:
1713:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1494:
1492:
1441:
1439:
1424:
1395:
1345:
1333:
1304:
1275:
1202:
1146:
1144:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
2592:
Russian-language newspapers published in Kazakhstan
1887:[Koryo Ilbo 90th Anniversary Celebration].
1725:
1263:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1028:
967:
965:
935:
933:
931:
1964:
1779:
1251:
1192:
1190:
1188:
404:), but the national committee decided on the name
1821:
1791:
1710:
1698:
1681:
1669:
1624:
1504:
1489:
1436:
1412:
1321:
1292:
1239:
1141:
866:
2578:
1877:
1043:
962:
928:
588:As does the Kazakh government, it advocates for
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1377:"Kimchi? чимчхи[Jimchi]! Is It Korean?"
1185:
1161:
1159:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
2307:
2044:
1925:. 재외한인학회 (Academy on Overseas Koreans): 35–36
822:
810:
785:
765:
740:
399:
270:Kim Byeong-hag is skeptical of these claims.
1950:. 재외한인학회 (Academy on Overseas Koreans): 1–34
1889:Republic of Korea Embassy in Kazakhstan News
1583:
1156:
1004:
1002:
1000:
942:"광주 고려인마을, 3·1운동 104주년 맞아 고려일보 창간 100주년 기획전"
816:
804:
798:
779:
759:
753:
734:
728:
703:
693:
575:
521:
515:
443:
367:
261:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1060:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
709:
664:– a Koryo-saram newspaper published in 1908
2135:Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union
2051:
2037:
343:Deportation of Koreans in the Soviet Union
27:
2384:
615:, the Wolgok Koryo-in Cultural Center in
501:
468:. Beginning in the 1950s, reporters from
362:The staff who survived were relocated to
2602:Newspapers published in the Soviet Union
1451:
1097:
977:
16:Kazakh Korean/Russian–language newspaper
2163:
266:), but scholar and former reporter for
33:Front page showcasing 100th anniversary
2579:
2565:Sen-bong (Avangard: Koreyskiy Kolkhoz)
2032:
1944:재외한인연구 (Research on Overseas Koreans)
1919:재외한인연구 (Research on Overseas Koreans)
1009:Shin, Seung-geun (24 December 2022).
1374:
1226:Digital Library of Korean Literature
1008:
908:"'한반도 밖 가장 오래된 한글신문' 고려일보 100주년 맞았다"
1937:
1912:
1871:
1859:
1842:
1827:
1815:
1800:
1785:
1758:
1732:Kim, Konstantin (13 January 2023).
1731:
1719:
1704:
1692:
1675:
1637:
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1472:
1445:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1362:
1339:
1315:
1298:
1286:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1208:
1196:
1150:
1120:
1054:
1037:
971:
939:
906:Kim, Sang-wook (27 February 2023).
905:
336:
13:
2597:Newspapers published in Kazakhstan
2558:Koryo Saram: The Unreliable People
1962:
1940:"『고려일보』를 통해 본 현대 카자흐스탄 고려인 사회의 변용"
1651:"『고려일보』 창간(『레닌기치』 후속, 러시아어·한글 병용)"
1327:
940:Kim, Yong-hui (27 February 2023).
672:– a newspaper for Sakhalin Koreans
14:
2638:
2292:Korean Cultural Center, Ussuriysk
1998:
1375:Choi, Yea-jin (16 October 2020).
1121:Nam, Young-jin (5 January 2023).
1011:"일제·소련 박해에도 '한글 100년'…고려일보를 아시나요"
564:
187:. First published in 1923 as the
2362:Kazakhstan–Korea Friendship Park
1913:Kim, Byeong-hag (October 2018).
54:Korean Association of Kazakhstan
2058:
1752:
1643:
1565:[The Leninist Banner].
1475:"'눈물의 고려인 역사' 고려일보 창간 90주년 기념식"
1368:
1214:
916:(in Korean). Almaty, Kazakhstan
843:
830:
792:
773:
747:
211:dissolution of the Soviet Union
183:: ethnic Koreans of the former
2607:Newspapers established in 1923
2180:North Korean standard language
1609:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1568:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1082:National Library of Kazakhstan
817:
805:
799:
780:
760:
754:
735:
729:
722:
704:
694:
683:
633:Order of Friendship of Peoples
613:National Library of Kazakhstan
576:
522:
516:
444:
379:
368:
262:
1:
2357:Karatal Korean History Center
1759:Kim, Jae-wan (12 June 2003).
860:
849:Kim Byeong-hag had predicted
641:Uiam Jang Ji-yeon Press Award
237:
229:Communication of Kazakhstan.
2456:Korean Theatre of Kazakhstan
2111:Korean Northern Army Command
2080:Korean independence movement
1891:(in Korean). 17 October 2013
244:Korean independence movement
163:is a newspaper published in
7:
653:
639:. In 2001, it received the
448:) was available locally in
10:
2643:
2627:Korean diaspora mass media
2587:Korean-language newspapers
2446:All Nations Baptist Church
2023:Archive of recent editions
1906:
349:nationalities deportations
340:
284:
241:
232:
2622:Koryo-saram organizations
2542:
2464:
2371:
2349:
2266:
2202:
2150:
2074:Korea under Japanese rule
2066:
1983:10.1080/00905990600617623
1915:"재소고려인 한글신문 고려일보의 역사와 전망"
1127:Kazakhstan News in Korean
823:
811:
786:
766:
741:
717:
631:In 1988, it received the
626:
400:
193:, it changed its name to
141:
131:
123:
113:
74:
66:
58:
50:
40:
26:
2105:Korean Independence Army
1169:[Lee Paik-cho].
712: The Daily Goryeo;
676:
307:. It was published from
250:Anuchino, Primorsky Krai
205:in 1938, and finally to
2327:Gwangju Koryoin Village
2175:Cyrillization of Korean
2141:August faction incident
1655:Korean History Database
1473:Kim, Hyeon-tae (2013).
838:August Faction Incident
529:It changed its name to
2099:Korean Socialist Party
1963:Oh, Chong Jin (2006).
1761:"고려일보 DB작업중인 김상헌씨 인터뷰"
1606:[Koryo Ilbo].
431:'s death in 1953, the
1938:Lee, Jin-hae (2019).
609:Chicago JoongAng Ilbo
605:New York Hankook Ilbo
2617:Communist newspapers
2612:Left-wing newspapers
2123:Sinhanch'on Incident
1971:Nationalities Papers
1222:"Cho Myung-hee(조명희)"
770:, 'Vanguard'
439:On the Path of Lenin
2317:Central Asia Street
1885:"고려일보 창간 90주년 기념행사"
357:Soviet Central Asia
301:March 1st Newspaper
291:On 1 March 1923 in
254:March 1st Newspaper
75:Political alignment
23:
2129:Free City Incident
1173:(in Russian). 2023
1123:"고려일보 100주년을 축하하며"
1085:. 22 February 2023
913:Yonhap News Agency
767:Сэнбон or Авангард
590:Korean unification
275:March 1st Movement
252:called either the
127:Almaty, Kazakhstan
21:
2574:
2573:
2514:Tatyana Bakalchuk
2441:
2440:
2345:
2344:
2262:
2261:
2192:
2191:
2025:(site in Russian)
1874:, pp. 21–22.
1862:, pp. 19–24.
1845:, pp. 58–59.
1818:, pp. 56–57.
1549:, pp. 52–54.
1525:, pp. 51–54.
1409:, pp. 12–13.
1365:, pp. 46–48.
1342:, pp. 46–47.
1318:, pp. 45–46.
1289:, pp. 44–45.
1211:, pp. 41–44.
1040:, pp. 38–39.
456:populations like
450:Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
223:Korean literature
190:March 1 Newspaper
155:
154:
2634:
2382:
2381:
2322:Ttaetgol Village
2305:
2304:
2200:
2199:
2161:
2160:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2010:
2009:
2007:Official website
1994:
1968:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1846:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1804:
1798:
1789:
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1600:
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1559:
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1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1470:
1449:
1443:
1434:
1433:, p. 50–51.
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1302:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1273:
1272:, pp. 9–10.
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1118:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1073:
1058:
1052:
1041:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1006:
975:
969:
960:
959:
957:
955:
937:
926:
925:
923:
921:
903:
854:
847:
841:
834:
828:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
813:
808:
807:
802:
801:
796:
790:
789:
788:
783:
782:
777:
771:
769:
768:
763:
762:
757:
756:
751:
745:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
720:
719:
711:
707:
706:
697:
696:
687:
649:
621:Honam University
579:
578:
525:
524:
519:
518:
496:photolithography
447:
446:
403:
402:
371:
370:
337:1937–1938 hiatus
332:
265:
264:
151:
148:
99:Marxist–Leninist
45:Weekly newspaper
31:
24:
20:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2570:
2538:
2460:
2437:
2380:
2367:
2341:
2303:
2258:
2198:
2188:
2159:
2146:
2062:
2057:
2014:Корё Ильбо 고려일보
2005:
2004:
2001:
1953:
1951:
1928:
1926:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1849:
1841:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1807:
1799:
1792:
1788:, pp. 3–4.
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1682:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1636:
1625:
1615:
1613:
1602:
1601:
1584:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
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1497:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1452:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1417:
1413:
1405:
1396:
1386:
1384:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1276:
1268:
1264:
1260:, pp. 7–8.
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1165:
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1157:
1149:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1119:
1098:
1088:
1086:
1075:
1074:
1061:
1053:
1044:
1036:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1007:
978:
970:
963:
953:
951:
938:
929:
919:
917:
904:
867:
863:
858:
857:
848:
844:
835:
831:
821:) and Russian (
797:
793:
778:
774:
752:
748:
727:
723:
688:
684:
679:
669:Se Korea Sinmun
656:
643:
629:
585:Kazakh language
567:
553:to around 30%.
507:
416:Sirdaryo Region
384:
345:
339:
326:
289:
279:Empire of Japan
246:
240:
235:
219:Korean diaspora
145:
118:
109:
105:Empire of Japan
59:Editor-in-chief
36:
35:(31 March 2023)
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2640:
2630:
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2609:
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2572:
2571:
2569:
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2554:
2546:
2544:
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2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Chŏng Sang-jin
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2466:Notable people
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2428:
2424:Ch'ŏnggu Sinbo
2420:
2412:
2404:
2400:Taedong Kongbo
2396:
2388:
2386:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2350:Historic sites
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2332:Hambak Village
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2309:In South Korea
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2254:Siryak-tyamuri
2250:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2185:Yukjin dialect
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2165:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2020:
2011:
2000:
1999:External links
1997:
1996:
1995:
1977:(2): 111–129.
1960:
1935:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1876:
1864:
1847:
1832:
1820:
1805:
1790:
1778:
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1697:
1680:
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1527:
1515:
1503:
1488:
1450:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1394:
1367:
1344:
1332:
1330:, p. 129.
1320:
1303:
1291:
1274:
1262:
1250:
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1213:
1201:
1184:
1155:
1140:
1096:
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1027:
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791:
772:
746:
721:
681:
680:
678:
675:
674:
673:
665:
655:
652:
628:
625:
580:) as of 2019.
566:
565:Current status
563:
559:Chŏng Sang-jin
506:
500:
383:
378:
338:
335:
288:
283:
239:
236:
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62:Konstantin Kim
60:
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38:
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32:
15:
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2500:
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2480:
2479:Alexandra Kim
2477:
2475:
2474:Aleksandr Min
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
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2444:
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2426:
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2421:
2418:
2417:
2416:Kwŏnŏp Sinmun
2413:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:Organizations
2370:
2363:
2360:
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2328:
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2216:
2214:
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2209:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2035:
2034:
2031:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2002:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1961:
1949:
1946:(in Korean).
1945:
1941:
1936:
1924:
1921:(in Korean).
1920:
1916:
1911:
1910:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1830:, p. 58.
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1803:, p. 14.
1802:
1797:
1795:
1787:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1728:
1722:, p. 13.
1721:
1716:
1714:
1707:, p. 57.
1706:
1701:
1695:, p. 55.
1694:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1678:, p. 56.
1677:
1672:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1640:, p. 54.
1639:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1604:"고려일보 (高麗日報)"
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1524:
1519:
1513:, p. 48.
1512:
1507:
1501:, p. 49.
1500:
1495:
1493:
1476:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1448:, p. 51.
1447:
1442:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1421:, p. 50.
1420:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1341:
1336:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1301:, p. 45.
1300:
1295:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1271:
1266:
1259:
1254:
1248:, p. 42.
1247:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1153:, p. 39.
1152:
1147:
1145:
1128:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1057:, p. 12.
1056:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1032:
1016:
1015:The Hankyoreh
1012:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
974:, p. 38.
973:
968:
966:
949:
948:
947:The Hankyoreh
943:
936:
934:
932:
915:
914:
909:
902:
900:
898:
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894:
892:
890:
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865:
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839:
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541:
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487:
484:
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478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
453:
451:
441:
440:
434:
430:
429:Joseph Stalin
426:
420:
417:
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409:
407:
397:
393:
389:
382:
377:
375:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
344:
334:
330:
325:
324:Cho Myung-hee
320:
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49:
46:
43:
39:
30:
25:
19:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2529:Vladimir Kim
2504:Hong Beom-do
2431:
2430:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2392:Haejo Sinmun
2390:
2337:Texas Street
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2076:(1910–1945)
1974:
1970:
1952:. Retrieved
1947:
1943:
1927:. Retrieved
1922:
1918:
1893:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1867:
1823:
1781:
1769:. Retrieved
1764:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1740:(in Russian)
1737:
1727:
1700:
1671:
1659:. Retrieved
1654:
1645:
1614:. Retrieved
1607:
1573:. Retrieved
1566:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1479:. Retrieved
1426:
1414:
1385:. Retrieved
1380:
1370:
1335:
1323:
1294:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
1216:
1204:
1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1131:. Retrieved
1126:
1087:. Retrieved
1080:
1018:. Retrieved
952:. Retrieved
945:
918:. Retrieved
911:
850:
845:
832:
794:
775:
749:
724:
685:
667:
661:Haejo Sinmun
659:
636:
630:
608:
604:
598:
595:
582:
572:
568:
555:
550:
545:
542:
534:
530:
528:
511:
508:
502:
492:movable type
488:
485:
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476:
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454:
437:
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410:
405:
395:
391:
387:
385:
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346:
321:
317:
312:
304:
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297:Soviet Union
290:
285:
272:
267:
257:
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247:
227:
216:
206:
201:
200:
195:
194:
189:
188:
185:Soviet Union
159:
158:
156:
137:2,000 copies
124:Headquarters
93:
70:1 March 1923
18:
2534:Yevgeny Kim
2524:Vitalii Kim
2519:Viktor Tsoi
2509:Kim Pen Hwa
2484:Cho Ki-chon
2427:(1917–1919)
2419:(1912–1914)
2403:(1908–1910)
2287:Birobidzhan
2273:Kazakhstan
2267:Communities
2119:(1920–1945)
2117:Maki Mirage
2107:(1920–1921)
2101:(1918–1921)
2095:(1911–1914)
2089:(1911–1937)
2087:Sinhanch'on
2060:Koryo-saram
1767:(in Korean)
1765:Dongpo News
1657:(in Korean)
1612:(in Korean)
1571:(in Korean)
1383:(in Korean)
1167:"ЛИ ПЯК-ЧО"
1129:(in Korean)
950:(in Korean)
824:Ленины Кичи
742:Самвол Ирил
702::
692::
644: [
637:Lenin Kichi
546:Lenin Kichi
505:and decline
477:Lenin Kichi
470:North Korea
425:Cho Ki-chon
412:Lenin Kichi
406:Lenin Kichi
381:Lenin Kichi
327: [
293:Vladivostok
202:Lenin Kichi
181:Koryo-saram
133:Circulation
94:Historical:
83:South Korea
2581:Categories
2494:German Kim
2432:Koryo Ilbo
2385:Newspapers
2093:Gwoneophoe
1738:Koryo Ilbo
1171:Koryo Ilbo
861:References
851:Koryo Ilbo
718:Корё Ильбо
551:Koryo Ilbo
535:The Daily
533:(meaning "
531:Koryo Ilbo
503:Koryo Ilbo
498:printers.
341:See also:
309:Khabarovsk
268:Koryo Ilbo
242:See also:
238:Background
209:after the
207:Koryo Ilbo
199:, then to
177:Kazakhstan
160:Koryo Ilbo
89:Kazakhstan
22:Koryo Ilbo
2451:Cafe Lily
2408:Taeyangbo
2364:(Bastobe)
2240:Morkovcha
2170:Koryo-mar
2018:Instagram
1991:220353558
1387:9 October
1381:The Argus
812:Ленин Кич
787:Ли Пяк-чо
619:, and at
364:Kyzylorda
2219:Funchoza
2164:Language
1954:12 April
1929:12 April
1895:12 April
1872:Lee 2019
1860:Lee 2019
1843:Kim 2018
1828:Kim 2018
1816:Kim 2018
1801:Lee 2019
1786:Lee 2019
1771:12 April
1744:12 April
1720:Lee 2019
1705:Kim 2018
1693:Kim 2018
1676:Kim 2018
1661:12 April
1638:Kim 2018
1547:Kim 2018
1535:Kim 2018
1523:Kim 2018
1511:Kim 2018
1499:Kim 2018
1481:12 April
1446:Kim 2018
1431:Kim 2018
1419:Kim 2018
1407:Lee 2019
1363:Kim 2018
1340:Kim 2018
1316:Kim 2018
1299:Kim 2018
1287:Kim 2018
1270:Lee 2019
1258:Lee 2019
1246:Kim 2018
1231:15 April
1209:Kim 2018
1197:Kim 2018
1177:12 April
1151:Kim 2018
1133:12 April
1055:Lee 2019
1038:Kim 2018
972:Kim 2018
954:15 April
920:12 April
654:See also
607:and the
462:Dushanbe
458:Tashkent
401:Для Риса
396:For Rice
258:Red Flag
147:koreilbo
114:Language
51:Owner(s)
2499:Ho Ka-i
2435:(1923–)
2299:Ukraine
2283:Russia
2212:Begodya
2204:Cuisine
2151:Culture
2067:History
1907:Sources
1616:6 April
1575:6 April
1328:Oh 2006
1089:6 April
1020:6 April
714:Russian
617:Gwangju
466:Bishkek
392:Sŏnbong
388:Sŏnbong
353:Sŏnbong
313:Sŏnbong
305:Sŏnbong
286:Sŏnbong
277:by the
233:History
196:Sŏnbong
169:Russian
142:Website
119:Russian
67:Founded
2551:Hanaan
2411:(1911)
2395:(1908)
2277:Almaty
2247:Pukjai
2143:(1956)
2137:(1937)
2131:(1921)
2125:(1920)
2113:(1920)
1989:
1563:"레닌기치"
818:레닌의 긔치
803:;
758:;
736:3·1 新闻
733:;
730:3·1 신문
708:;
698:;
690:Korean
627:Awards
537:Goryeo
520:;
464:, and
445:레닌의 길로
374:Kazakh
299:, the
179:, for
173:Almaty
165:Korean
117:Korean
2543:Media
2233:Kuksu
1987:S2CID
700:Hanja
677:Notes
648:]
512:Koryo
481:Kichi
433:Kichi
331:]
171:from
103:Anti-
1956:2023
1931:2023
1897:2023
1773:2023
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1663:2023
1618:2023
1577:2023
1483:2023
1389:2023
1233:2023
1179:2023
1135:2023
1091:2023
1022:2023
956:2023
922:2023
806:레닌旗幟
800:레닌기치
710:lit.
705:高麗日報
695:고려일보
263:붉은 기
167:and
157:The
149:.com
87:Pro-
81:Pro-
41:Type
2226:Khe
2016:on
1979:doi
781:리백초
601:KBS
577:남경자
494:to
369:염사일
256:or
2583::
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1975:34
1973:.
1969:.
1948:49
1923:46
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868:^
809:;
784:;
764:;
761:先鋒
755:선봉
739:;
716::
650:.
646:ko
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561:.
523:高麗
517:고려
460:,
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