Grey Wolves (organization)

10466:"Zartonk Media on Instagram: "Azerbaijan Closes off Only Route Connecting Armenia and Artsakh for 2nd Time This Month ➖➖➖ A group of Azerbaijanis describing themselves as "environmentalists" again blocked the Berdzor (Lachin) Corridor in the morning of December 12. The Berdzor (Lachin) Corridor is the only road connecting Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) with Armenia. A similar incident took place earlier on December 3. Then, the authorities of Artsakh said that the self-described Azeri environmentalists were actually secret service operatives seeking to make provocations. Moreover, Artsakh authorities even said they are ready for an international monitoring organization to assess and affirm that the mining operations meet all safety requirements. Artsakh authorities reported that the Russian peacekeeping contingent's command is aware of the situation. Artsakh authorities described the Azerbaijani side's actions as "unacceptable, aggressive and destructive" and said they are taking all possible steps to resolve the situation, maintaining contact with the Russian peacekeeping contingent's command. "We are asking our citizens to stay calm and follow official reports and refrain from spreading unverified information. We will provide updates on further developments," the Artsakh official Information Center said in a statement. Meanwhile, the Artsakh State Service of Emergency Situations spokesperson Hunan Tadevosyan announced that the road is currently closed. "A group of Azerbaijanis closed the Shushi section of the interstate road under environmental pretexts," Tadevosyan said."" 3714: 4415:) have links to the Grey Wolves. According to Wangmo and Yazilitas, the Grey Wolves in the Netherlands have engaged in a variety of activities, ranging from criminal activities and nationalist propaganda to support of football teams. The organization was more influential in the 1990s when many first-generation Turkish immigrants "maintained a deep interest in Turkish politics and who had a deeply felt Turkish identity." Grey Wolves activists have participated—with varying successes—in the local politics of several Dutch municipalities. In November 2020, 474: 2948: 4237: 463: 8251:

some Member States; remains worried that the racist right-wing extremist movement Ülkü Ocakları, also known as the Grey Wolves, which is closely linked to the ruling coalition Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), is spreading not only in Turkey but also in EU Member States; calls for the EU and its Member States to examine the possibility of banning their associations in EU countries; calls on the Member States to closely monitor the racist activities of this organisation and to fight back to curtail its influence;

2781: 440: 3756:, the "shadowy backers of this uprising were never identified but appear to have included rogue elements of the Turkish security establishment and members of the 'Gray Wolves' Bozkurt movement." After the coup attempt, Hamidov was jailed, while the Azerbaijani Supreme Court formally abolished the National Democratic Party due to its links to the Turkish Grey Wolves, which it considered to be a terrorist organization. In 2004, Hamidov was freed in an amnesty granted by President 2414: 3507:. In October 2005 they staged a rally and proceeding to the gate they laid a black wreath, chanting "Patriarch Leave" and "Patriarchate to Greece", inaugurating the campaign for the collection of signatures to oust the Ecumenical Patriarchate from Istanbul. As of 2006 the Grey Wolves claimed to have collected more than 5 million signatures for the withdrawal of the Patriarch and called on the Turkish government to have the patriarch deported to Greece. 528: 561: 516: 51: 4294:. It denies any direct links with the Grey Wolves in Turkey or the MHP, however, its monthly journal publishes articles praising the MHP and denouncing left-wing and Kurdish organizations in Turkey and Germany. According to educationalist Kemal Bozay, their influence on third generation Turkish youth—who are "looking for an identity"—has "increased significantly". They had ties to the banned Turkish-nationalistic 496: 485: 13950: 11862: 13527:"Statement of the Spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ambassador Tanju Bilgiç in Response to a Question Regarding the Call on the EU and its Member States to Examine the Possibility of Adding Grey Wolves to the EU Terrorist List, to Ban their Associations and Organisations in EU countries, to Closely Monitor their Activities in the European Parliament's 2019-2020 Report on Turkey" 3677:. Korean tourists were attacked by Grey Wolves. An Uighur worked at the Turkish run Chinese restaurant which was assaulted. Members of the Grey Wolves displayed a banner in multiple locations that read, "We crave Chinese blood." Grey Wolves members attacked the Thai consulate in Istanbul in apparent retaliation for the deportation of hundreds of Uyghurs by Thailand. MHP chairman 4110:

sign that is widely used by Muslims in many countries as well as in Turkey. We do not accept this and we strongly condemn it," read the Foreign Ministry statement. Turkey also called on Austria to "correct this grave mistake," because it "deeply offends Turkey, the Turkish community in Austria and Muslims." In early March 2019, Grey Wolves sympathizers started a campaign on

11854: 11832: 3939:(BBP), which had split from MHP in 1993. The article suggested that they "run the mosques and commercial activities in some parts of Istanbul. It is in these mosques, in the suburbs of the city, that offerings are collected after daily prayers for the Chechen refugees. It is money that probably also goes to soldiers on the front lines." According to 6077:, p. 130: "...in March 1995, Sunni radicals opened fire on several coffee houses in the Alevi district of Gazi in Istanbul. This led to massive protests throughout the country, in which some thirty people died. Peace was only restored when the Gazi police, who were heavily infiltrated by Grey Wolves, were replaced by military units." 3254:, at the time of the coup, there were some 1,700 Grey Wolves branches, with about 200,000 registered members and a million sympathizers. Following the 1980 coup, the Grey Wolves and MHP were banned and their activity was diminished. Turkish nationalists and others assert that the Grey Wolves were "used and then discarded" by the 3760:. In 2008, Hamidov retired from politics and as president of the party, which had been inactive since. After 2007, the Grey Wolves reportedly used to not operate in Azerbaijan for some time. In the blockades of the Lachin corridor of December 2022 the presence of Grey Wolves was made apparent by their repeated salutations. 11824: 3788:. In this scope, the Grey Wolves' European affiliates attacked Chinese tourists in the Netherlands. The Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies suggested in 2012 they are "highly limited in their reach and support base". In March 2020, several Chinese state-run outlets published an article, which claimed that the 4141:(BTF) is considered to be "affiliated with or sympathetic" to the Grey Wolves. According to one study, its aim is "to foster loyalty among young people of Turkish origin to their ancestral culture, religion and history and to keep alive the Turkish identity in Europe. BTF claims to oppose not the integration of 8276: 3887:, "the cause of the fight was allegations by the Grey wolves' organization that some Kurdish students broke the windows of the Grey wolves organization’s building. Around 500 students went out on the streets holding clubs and rocks and the police asked for reinforcement in order to put them under control." 8044:

Ulkucus, the ultranationalists, were the lead players of the Turkish Gladio that was revealed with the Susurluk Accident. Abdullah Catli, a convicted criminal whose name was mentioned very often and who was accused of many cases, was mentioned as the head of the Gladio. There were many Ulkucu Special

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is suspected to have been carried out by the Grey Wolves due to Thailand's deportation of Uyghur terrorist suspects back to China instead of allowing them to travel to Turkey for asylum. A man with fake Turkish passports using the name Adem Karadag was arrested by the Thai police in connection to the

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it is "widely believed that the Grey Wolves organised arms shipments to Chechnya, probably with at least the partial knowledge of the Turkish authorities." Russian media has alleged that the Turkish government knew and possibly supported, or at least did not prevent, the activities of the Grey Wolves

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in 1992 and "considered itself a branch of the Turkish Grey Wolves." It was registered by the Justice Ministry in 1994. In interviews in 1992–93, Hamidov said there was no organisational link with the Turkish organization, stating that the "Grey Wolves of Azerbaijan are not subordinate to the Turkish

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is concerned by the attempts by the Turkish Government to influence members of the Turkish diaspora in the EU, such as through the Presidency for Turks Abroad and Related Communities (YTB) and the Turkish-Islamic Union for Religious Affairs (DITIB), which could interfere with democratic processes in

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member of North Rhine-Westphalia's state parliament, stated in an interview that the Grey Wolves "are in this country, unfortunately, too often ignored". He also added that they have a large number of sympathizers among young people. Another important organization affiliated with the Grey Wolves are

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quarter. During the opening ceremony Adem Yurdagül, the chairman of the Grey Wolves in Cyprus delivered a speech, while slogans like "Nicosia plain is home of Grey Wolves", "Cyprus is Turkish and will remain Turkish", "We are soldiers of Türkeş", "The Grey Wolves Movement cannot be prevented" were

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A large group of Turkish supporters making their way to the European Championship quarterfinal against the Netherlands made the same nationalistic hand gesture that got Demiral banned from the match, and were dispersed by the police. German authorities believe the group has around 12,100 members in

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Pour la minorité religieuse alévie – ces « protestants » de l'islam, près de quinze millions de personnes, et parmi elles nombre de Kurdes –, marquée par les terribles massacres perpétrés en particulier par les « Loups gris » à Maras (1978) ou à Sivas (1979, 1993), le retour du

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Grey Wolves members and leaders have been involved in international drug trafficking since the 1980s. In the early 1980s U.S. anti-terrorism officials at the State Department reported that Türkeş is "widely believed to have been involved" in moving heroin from Turkey into Western Europe. According

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During the UEFA Euro 2024 football tournament held in Germany, several Turkish supporters were observed giving the "wolf salute," a hand gesture associated with the Grey Wolves. This gesture, symbolic of Turkish ultra-nationalism and far-right ideologies, raised concerns among European authorities

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In Austria, the Grey Wolves salute as well as its symbols were legally banned starting from 1 March 2019. It is punishable by fines up to €4,000. Turkey's Foreign Ministry condemned the ban. "he 'bozkurt' ('Grey Wolves') sign, which is a symbol of a legal political party in Turkey and the 'rabia'

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assumes that there are around 12,100 people in Germany who can be assigned to the “Ülkücü” movement and its ideology as of 2023. The majority of these - around 10,500 supporters - are organized in clubs, which in turn are grouped together under the umbrella of larger associations. A 2017 article

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The salutation of the Grey Wolves is "a fist with the little finger and index finger raised" Turkic hand gesture, described by founder Alparslan Türkes, as: “The little finger symbolises the Turks, the index finger symbolises Islam, the ring – or snout – symbolises the world. The point where the

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In Deutschland sollen mindestens zehntausend Personen zu dieser Szene zählen. Die Grauen Wölfe träumen von der Vereinigung aller Turkvölker zu einer Großtürkei, die vom Balkan bis Zentralasien reichen soll. Die Liste derer, die sie verachten und bekämpfen, ist lang: Kurden, Armenier, Griechen,

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The Turkish nationalist "Ülkücü" movement is ideologically rooted in exaggerated nationalism, linked with an overstated image of its own ethnicity. The ideology is characterized by very distinct, often also racist, enemy concepts of ethnic minorities in Turkey. These minorities include Kurds,

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region in 2019, inciting violence against Kurds and Armenians and orchestrating marches targeting Armenians near Lyon. Turkey's Foreign Ministry criticized the ban and said: "we will reciprocate to this decision in the strongest way." In addition, accused the French government of tolerating

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stated that "Our nationalist youth is sensitive to injustices in China", and that the attacks by MHP-affiliated youth on South Korean tourists was "understandable", adding "What feature differentiates a Korean from a Chinese? They see that they both have slanted eyes. How can they tell the

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on 1 May 1977. The Grey Wolves became a "state-approved force" and used attacks on left-wing groups to "cause chaos and demoralization and inflame a climate in which a regime promising law and order would be welcomed by the masses." During this violent period, Grey Wolves operated with the

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to designate the Grey Wolves as a terrorist group, and thus, marking the first time that an EU institution has linked the Grey Wolves to terrorism. The Turkish government reacted to the EP report by calling it "biased" and "unacceptable", because, according to the Turkish Foreign Ministry

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The incident occurred during the group stage match between Turkey and Italy, held in Munich on June 20, 2024. The "wolf salute" was prominently displayed by a section of Turkish fans, leading to immediate condemnation from various quarters. UEFA officials noted the salute and initiated an

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and Turkish nationalist student groups. At his funeral, MHP leader Bahçeli stated that "We expect every kind of measure to be taken to prevent the expansion of the PKK mob, who have a tendency to grow in the universities." Violence between Turkish and Kurdish students also broke out in

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UEFA issued a statement reaffirming its commitment to keeping political and extremist expressions out of football. The German Football Association (DFB) also expressed its concern and emphasized the need for vigilance against far-right activities in sports events. From 2014-2018 the

6424:, or "Grey Wolves," after what Türkeş claimed had been the national symbol of the Turkic peoples in Central Asia. In 1968, Türkeş established more than 100 commando camps scattered across Anatolia, which provided young nationalists with ideological and paramilitary training. 8492:...the political violence towards the end of the decade which thrust his Grey Wolves – as MHP activists came to be known – into the limelight. This violence, which pitted left against right, cost the lives of around 5000 Turks. Much of it was perpetrated by the Grey Wolves. 2893:: only inhabited by 'true' Turks." A Turk is defined as someone who lives in the Turkish territory, feels Turkish and calls themselves Turkish. In their ideology and activities, they are hostile to virtually all non-Turkish or non-Sunni elements within Turkey, including 4563:

to provide "a detailed report of the activities of the Grey Wolves organization undertaken against US interests, allies, and international partners" and determine if the organization "meet the criteria for designation as a foreign terrorist organization." The state-run

8264: 3864:, the Grey Wolves campaigned for a 'no' vote. During the pre-voting period at least 50 Grey Wolves activists arrived in Northern Cyprus and caused riots against pro-ratification supporters. They were suspected of assaulting motorcyclists carrying 'vote yes' banners. 6631:

Mohamed Ali Agca of Turkey, the man who shot at Pope John Paul II in Rome had no political motive. The investigating agency in Italy tried to establish his link with the Turkey based terrorist group, 'Grey Wolf,' however, could not get any evidence of his political

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Dans les années 1970, les militants ultranationalistes des Loups gris étaient engagés dans une lutte sanglante contre la gauche turque. Mais, dans les années 1990, l'ennemi communiste disparu, les officines de la contre-guérilla se sont reconverties dans la lutte

4290:(Avrupa Demokratik Ülkücü Türk Dernekleri Federasyonu, ADÜTDF), which had around 200 member organizations. Founded in 1978 by 64 nationalist organizations it declined in the 1980s, but revived in the 1990s and claimed to have doubled its membership following the 3392:

In September 2011, the Ankara Police Department raided 40 locations across Ankara belonging to the Grey Wolves. They took 36 people into custody and seized numerous guns and knives. According to police, the Grey Wolves were planning an attack on the pro-Kurdish

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According to analyst Ankarali Jan, the Grey Wolves have a largely unofficial presence in Turkey's major universities, but their "real power is on the streets, among disaffected poor people in predominantly Turkish Sunni neighbourhoods." Norm Dixon wrote in the

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Grey Wolves appear to have been involved in the assassination attempt and write that Ağca "in his own confused way mixed Turkish nationalist sentiments with fundamentalist Islam." However, Italian investigators could not establish his link to the Grey Wolves.

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into their host society but rather their assimilation by it." Its activities mostly focus on "issues relevant to Turkish national sensitivities". For instance, it has demonstrated against the erection of an Armenian Genocide memorial in Brussels. During the

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spokesperson Tanju Bilgiç, the Grey Wolves are "a legal movement, which is associated with a long-established political party in Turkey." The MFA claimed the "slanders" are "fabricated by the anti-Turkey Armenian diaspora as well as PKK and FETÖ circles."

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in 1991, the Grey Wolves called for "a revived Turkish empire embracing newly independent Central Asian states of the former Soviet Union." They have proposed "a pan-Turkish extension of the Turkish nation-state." Due to their pan-Turkic agenda they are

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district, allegedly by the Grey Wolves. His family claimed that he was "brought several times to the Ülkü Ocakları building where ultranationalists forced him to become a member." They said that he was killed because he was a member of the pro-Kurdish

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For the next decade most operations were conducted from Germany. There, sheltering among the large emigre Turkish community, the Grey Wolves raised money from extortion, alien smuggling and heroin trafficking while attacking left-wing and pro-Soviet

3215:". According to authorities, 220 of its members carried out 694 murders of left-wing and liberal activists and intellectuals. In total, some 5,000 to 6,000 people were killed in the violence, with the Grey Wolves responsible for most of the killings. 3710:(1988–94), Grey Wolves members fought on the Azerbaijani side against Armenians, but many reportedly returned to Turkey in late 1992. Around 200 members of the Grey Wolves were still in the conflict zone in September 1994 to train Azerbaijani units. 8648:

In 1977, at the peak of a revolutionary movement in Turkey, half a million gathered there. Immediately after the demonstration began, snipers – from the fascist Grey Wolves, or from the police (this is still not clear today) – began shooting at the

2804:, Germany’s interior minister, condemned use of the gesture, saying: "To use the football championships as a platform for racism is completely unacceptable," and the Turkish ambassador was summoned to explain. Demiral was banned for two games by 12195: 3014:, the Grey Wolves—"the militant youth wing of the Turkish ethnic nationalists that are dissatisfied with the inertia of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) camp"—are supported by 3.6% of the Turkish electorate as of 2014. A 2021 poll by 12595:

Supporters of the Turkish nationalist Ülkücü movement (suspicious case), also publicly known as Grey Wolves, especially attracted attention during demonstrations, which occasionally sparked off heavy riots between nationalist Turks and

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The group transfers conflicts from their native Turkey into Germany with harassment against Kurds and Armenians as well as people with leftist political views in general. Its members have actively engaged in attacks on and clashes with

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wrote that the importance of the Grey Wolves "is attested to by the fact that Türkeş himself assumed responsibility for the formation of these youth groups and assigned the supervision of their training to two of his close associates".

12350: 4516:, the leaders of Grey Wolves had built in the late 1980s an army by trading drugs for military equipment, ranging from assault helicopters to tanks. Drugs were transported to Italy, where organized crime processed them. According to 8985: 13538: 4883:

The Grey Wolves – The most prominent organization of the violent right wing in Turkey is the Grey Wolves. The Grey Wolves are named for a mythical she-wolf who led ancient Turks to freedom. Its wolf's-head symbol is displayed by

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fascist network, which had an active role in the economy, education, and neighbourhoods. Nasuh Uslu characterized it as a well-disciplined paramilitary organization, while Joshua D. Hendrick compared its organization to the Nazi

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Their solidarity with the distant Uighurs may seem odd, but many Turkish ultranationalists view the Turkic-speaking peoples of Central Asia — the region from which the nomads who would settle Anatolia originally came — as their

7988:...the Ulku Ocaklari (Idealist Hearths), a street movement known more famously as the "Grey Wolves" - once a notorious paramilitary arm of the MHP - has for the first time taken a seat in parliament as an MHP representative... 9135:

Many of the attacks were reportedly initiated by supporters of the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and members of the Grey Wolves (Ülkücü Ocakları), an ultra-nationalist organisation which has close links to the

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Turkey is not preparing for military competition with Russia in the former Soviet republics, nor for a pan-Turkish extension of the Turkish nation-state, as has been proposed by the right-wing extremists, the 'Grey

4354:, stated in a 2011 interview that the threat of the Grey Wolves in Germany is underestimated. He said, "When thousands of Turkish right-wing radicals come together in Essen, we're not worried. But if 100 members of 3081:

takeover. Martin Lee writes that the Counter-Guerrilla supplied weapons to the Grey Wolves, while according to Tim Jacoby, the CIA transferred guns and explosives to Grey Wolves units through an agent in the 1970s.

9091: 8132: 10319:Партия «Боз гурд» («Серые волки») возникла в рядах НФ, организационно оформилась весной 1992 г. Партия считала себя филиалом турецкой экстремистской организации «Серые волки», которая была запрещена в Турции... 9925: 5989: 5757: 4166:, a commune in the Brussels Region. Korkmazer got a very low number of votes, while Denizli was elected but had to resign because it was discovered he had a false address and lived in another commune. In 2019, 8814: 6271: 8725: 12119: 13552: 4308:

State Government, there are 45 Grey Wolves clubs and associations in that state as of 2012. These associations are often given non-political names (usually cultural and athletic) to conceal their identity.

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During the first Chechen war, from 1993 to 1996, the paramilitary wing of the MHP, known as the "Bozkurtlar" ("The Grey Wolves") — in honor of Kemal Atatürk — had sent men to fight with the Chechen rebels.

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Within the past week, members of the ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves have carried out a symbolic "occupation" of the Hagia Sophia museum in Istanbul (alleging that the pope might try to turn it back into a

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I called a well-informed diplomat pal and arranged to meet him at a bar favoured by the pan-Turkic crowd known as the Gray Wolves, who were said to be actively supporting the Chechens with men and arms.

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The Gray Wolves, who are the militant youth wing of the Turkish ethnic nationalists that are dissatisfied with the inertia of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) camp, constitute 3.6 percent of voters.

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hundreds of photos of people showing the salute. Kurz defended the ban declaring people and organizations that do not accept democratic values, or fight against those values, have no place in Austria.

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It is also revealed that a new force of 200 armed members of the Grey Wolves organization has been dispatched from Turkey in preparation for a new Azeri offensive and to train units of the Azeri army.

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Pictures from the incident showed large groups of protesters carrying knives and sticks while making the sign of the grey wolf, a far-right symbol associated with the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP).

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On 13 September 2015, an explosion occurred at a Kurdish civil center in Stockholm, Sweden, following clashes between Turks, Kurds and anti-fascists at a rally organized by the Swedish Grey Wolves.

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members and other nationalists. The Grey Wolves have been implicated in many attacks against leftists, Kurds and student organizations. They have also been implicated in attacks supporting the

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Their ideology is based on a "superiority" of the Turkish "race" and the Turkish nation. According to Peters, they strive for an "ideal" Turkish nation, which they define as "Sunni-Islamic and

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Tasos Isaak, a Greek Cypriot, was beaten to death in the United Nations (UN) buffer zone on 11 August by Turkish Cypriots or alleged members of the right-wing Turkish organization Grey Wolves.

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which succeeded in re-electing President Erdoğan. In 2022, concerns around the close connections between the Turkish government and the Grey Wolves caused the Foreign Affairs Committee of the

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The attempted coup of April–May 1995 against Heydar Aliyev engineered by a coalition of Turkish ultra-nationalists, members of Boz Kurtlar organization, and Azerbaijani opposition leaders...

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in Istanbul in March 1995, the police in the Gazi quarter were "heavily infiltrated by Grey Wolves" and it was not until the police were replaced by military units that peace was restored.

3101:'s investigative committee "offered considerable evidence of close ties between state authorities and criminal gangs, including the use of the Grey Wolves to carry out illegal activities." 13034: 12624: 8915: 7706: 14948: 12829:

The most important speaker at the TNF-congress was the Turkish vice-prime minister Davlet Bahceli, leader of the extreme-right Nationalist Action-party MHP, also known as the Grey Wolves.

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Young zealots on the far left did their share of killing. But the MHP's paramilitary wing, known as the "Grey Wolves", committed the worst excesses. Some 6,000 Turks died in the violence.

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For different reasons, two groups in Turkey have a hostile view of Iran: (2) the ultranationalists with pan-Turkist aspirations, exemplified by groups such as the Grey Wolves (Bozkurt).

5176: 11825:"موجز أخبار مصر 1 ظهرا.. جيش الفتح يعلن مسئوليته عن اغتيال سفير روسيا بأنقرة [Army of Conquest announces responsibility for the assassination of Russia's ambassador in Ankara]" 12647: 11478: 10146: 9149: 5342: 12073: 9225:

June 1988: An unsuccessful assassination attempt was made on President Özal by a senior member of the 'Grey Wolves', a neo-fascist organization involved in the violence of the 1970s.

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12 Eylül sonrasında yeniden kurulan Ülkü Ocakları'nı ise kâh Apo konusunda eylemlerde, kâh Ermeni soykırımı iddialarını protesto ederken, kâh Kıbrıs'ta statükoyu desteklemek için...

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introduced a motion to ban the Grey Wolves. The motion was supported by 147 members of the parliament with 3 members voting against it. All three votes against the motion came from

9997: 9967: 9304: 6580: 13601: 13412: 10336:"Information on the strength and activities of a group called the Grey Wolves, and on whether this group is related to the ultra right-wing group called the Grey Wolves in Turkey" 7975: 8184: 5202: 13577: 12942: 11374: 10214: 5077:

The Grey Wolves (Ulku Ocagi in Turkish) are a group of ultra-right-wing Turkish nationalists whose agenda is rabidly anti-Hellenic, anti-Armenian, anti-Kurdish and anti-Semitic.

4616: 13678: 12293: 11640:"Both of the pilots were retrieved dead. Our comrades opened fire into the air and they died in the air," Alpaslan Celik, a deputy commander in a Syrian Turkmen brigade said... 5617: 14938: 13797: 11445: 11028: 10828: 3453:

members "masquerading as Grey Wolves" or that the Grey Wolves cooperated with AK Party members in attacks on HDP offices and left-wingers suspected of sympathy for the Kurds.

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in 1981, described MHP and its satellite groups as a "xenophobic, fanatically nationalist, neofascist network steeped in violence." The organization's ideology emphasizes the

13348: 9700: 9389: 8939: 2707:, who assumed the leadership of the MHP and Grey Wolves after Türkeş's death in 1997, the organization claims to have reformed. According to a 2021 poll, the Grey Wolves are 13381: 12546: 9334: 6941: 5741:

Both in Malatya and in Istanbul the local branches of the ultranationalist Grey Wolf youth organisation (Ulku Ocaklari) had also organised demonstrations against Christians.

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Our heroine and the murdered women are in fact being pursued by a Turkish fascist group, the Grey Wolves, survivors of a failed coup and followers of a psychopathic leader.

11855:"جيش فتح الشام يعلن مسئوليته عن اغتيال السفير الروسى فى أنقرة [Jaysh Fatah al-Sham claims responsibility for the assassination of the Russian ambassador in Ankara]" 9237: 14943: 14933: 12780: 11590: 9734: 7905: 3808:

in 1974 the Grey Wolves "continued to play a role in radicalizing the dispute with Greek Cypriots by actively engaging in violence on the island." They actively supported

11617: 5451: 3182:(SS). Young male students and economic migrants from rural areas who have settled in Istanbul and Ankara made up the majority of its members. In 1973 Israeli orientalist 2820:

to attend the following match after Demiral's suspension to show his support. He had defended the player, saying that he merely expressed his “excitement” after scoring.

12097: 12005: 11799: 11501: 9081: 7857: 7233: 7203: 3523: 13737: 13526: 11764: 10123: 8140: 7173: 6772: 13474: 11708:Однако жест в исполнении Альпаслана Челика и его соратников говорит не о любви к року, а о принадлежности к радикальной турецкой группировке «Бозкурт» — «Серые Волки». 11567: 10648: 10393: 6001: 5753: 3732:, which was known as Boz Qurd ("Grey Wolves"). According to Russian political scientist Stanislav Cherniavsky, the Azerbaijani Grey Wolves grew out of the nationalist 13703: 13317: 11413: 9122: 8824: 6743: 6279: 6210: 4212:

members of the Grey Wolves partook in a 21 January 2012 demonstration in Paris against the adoption of the bill criminalizing the Armenian genocide denial in France.

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In January 2020 four Turkish bus drivers were fired in Vienna for making the Grey Wolves sign. On 26 June 2020, Turkish nationalist groups, identified by journalist

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of Turkey (MİT) "is believed to be recruiting retired military personnel to provide support for armed groups operating in Syria, through the Grey Wolves Brigades."

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Graue Wölfe heulen wieder: Türkische Faschisten und ihre Vernetzung in Deutschland [Grey wolves howl again: Turkish fascists and their networks in Germany]

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the country. It is monitored by Germany’s federal domestic agency. The group has been banned in France, while Austria has banned the use of the Gray Wolf salute.

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who were passing by the organization's building. Kenan Mak, one of the students, was killed. On 5 May, a worker named Bilal Vural was killed in Istanbul's

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congress. Özal linked it to his visit to Greece three days earlier, saying that the attempt was carried out "by a group opposed to his efforts to improve

12049: 10947: 9491: 8853: 5922: 13496: 13130: 7879: 4268:“Federation of Turkish Democratic Idealist Associations in Germany e.V.” (ADÜTDF), with around 7,000 members organized in around 200 local associations. 14918: 13066: 12587: 11915: 10850: 10769: 10640: 10562: 6449: 3113: 13832: 12372: 8058: 7329: 7029:

The "grey wolf " sign, as well as the unique hand gesture used by Turkish nationalist groups, refers to the she-wolf depicted in the Ergenekon legend.

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Like many Turkmen brigades and individuals, the brigade openly affiliates with the Grey Wolves movement, an ultra-nationalist organisation in Turkey.

6095: 14010: 12700: 11526: 8796: 7944: 7618: 7554: 5106: 4675: 4602:("Börü") are particularly likely to provoke an exaggerated nationalist attitude and reinforce enemy images that are inherent in the Ülkücü movement. 14913: 10492: 8901: 8639: 7446: 6249: 2746:. In Turkey, the wolf also symbolizes honour. The Grey Wolves have a "strong emphasis on leadership and hierarchical, military-like organisation." 2141: 937: 12614: 12519: 9880:

Nevertheless, followers of the Gray Wolves far-right Turkish group occupied the historic Haghia Sophia monument last week in protest at the visit.

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Following the November 2020 ban of the Grey Wolves in France for hate speech and violence, and the calls for similar actions to be taken in the

3961:(FSK) in stating that the Azerbaijani Grey Wolves sent 80 fighters to Chechnya. Another 270 fighters went to Chechnya in December of that year. 3004: 12470: 11777:

Böyle demişken... "Türkmen komutanı" diye karşımıza dikilen şahıs, Elazığ/Keban'dan, MHP'li Ramazan Çelik'in oğlu Ülkücü Alparslan Çelik çıktı!

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This was the beginning of the massacre; later on, angry mobs led by grey wolves scattered into the city, killing and raping hundreds of Alevis.

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This was the beginning of the massacre; later on, angry mobs led by grey wolves scattered into the city, killing and raping hundreds of Alevis.

4744: 3669:, attacked Chinese restaurants and "tourists who were mistaken for being Chinese" in response to the Chinese government's ban on Muslim Turkic 3481: 13004: 7983: 6703:

Siirt Ülkü Ocakları Başkanı Abidin Yeşilkök, "Ülkü Ocakları olarak siyasal bir kuruluş değiliz. Ülkü Ocakları Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfıyız" dedi.

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attending a dinner party alongside leading members of the Grey Wolves. Kaplan resigned when a 2009 video was made public in which he compared

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in 1999 that the MHP and Grey Wolves "retain strong support within the military." In 2018, Tom Stevenson described it as a "street movement."

14983: 14720: 13982: 13219: 12671: 10723: 6799:"Communal violence and ethnic polarization before and after the 2015 elections in Turkey: attacks against the HDP and the Kurdish population" 5168: 3948:

Minister of State Security Valery Khaburdania stated in 2002 that the Grey Wolves were the "conduit of assistance" to the Chechen militants.

3823:

In August 1996, the Grey Wolves were involved in an attack on a protest of Greek Cypriots against the Turkish occupation of Northern Cyprus.

3559:, was committed by Kıvanç Ağaoglu, who sympathized with Abdullah Çatlı, the late leader of the Grey Wolves. According to Ruben Melkonyan, an 1952: 1097: 12657: 12168: 11468: 10440: 10156: 9157: 7013: 3203:, members of the Grey Wolves were involved in numerous assassinations of left-wing and liberal activists, intellectuals, labour organizers, 14605: 12083: 10092: 10020: 9601:

Yoğun şekilde milliyetçi temalarla karşılaştık. Mesela Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu'nun videoları ve Abdullah Çatlı'nın resimleri geniş yer tutuyordu.

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in Istanbul to perform Muslim prayers. They chanted slogans against the Pope, such as "Don't make a mistake Pope, don't try our patience".

2700: 2565: 1012: 338: 7258: 6971: 5891:"Türkische Nationalisten in Deutschland: Die unheimlichen Grauen Wölfe [Turkish nationalists in Germany: The Uncanny Grey Wolves]" 14978: 14803: 11657: 10922: 10436: 9989: 9957: 9449: 7358:(2004). "Intellectual Roots of Anti-European Sentiments in Turkish Politics: The Case of Radical Turkish Nationalism". In Çarkoğlu, Ali; 6454:

The Grey Wolves, also commonly referred to as the Ülkü Ocakları (Idealist Hearths), are a youth organization with close links to the MHP.

5823: 5143: 4870: 4524:, in 2010 there were drug producing and dealing groups that had clear ties with the Grey Wolves and its affiliated political party, MHP. 4416: 4010: 3686: 3109: 2548:

with left-wing militants and activists. Scholars hold it responsible for most of the violence and killings in this period, including the

1107: 13615: 13404: 9294: 7096: 5423: 5020: 3658:. Many protesters made the sign of the Grey Wolves, blocked roads in the city and removed Arabic-language signs from stores. AKP lawyer 3151:, because the Grey Wolves are subtle and often formally operate as cultural and sports organizations, information about them is scarce. 15008: 14953: 14923: 14868: 14798: 14106: 13655:

Alas, Levon does not allow this, becomes wounded in an assassination attempt of a high level Turkish general heading the grey wolves...

12583: 12217: 11382: 8180: 6829: 6614: 5857: 5198: 4710: 3200: 2541: 1082: 14620: 13587: 12934: 12875: 6050: 3820:, a Turkish Cypriot journalist who had criticized Denktaş and his policies, was killed by the Grey Wolves, according to some sources. 2630: 358: 14928: 14848: 14740: 12285: 10693: 9796: 6183:В 1995 году Верховный суд ликвидировал регистрацию «Боз Гурд» в связи с названием организации, известной в мире как террористическая. 5625: 3904: 3492: 1117: 13820: 12732: 11435: 10890: 10820: 8027: 3849:(IPI). Kanatlı had covered the Grey Wolves' demonstration against the "intervention" of the European Union and the United States in 3662:

commented: "This doesn't make them idealists but it is certain some people's attempt to show it like something the idealists did."

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The conflict between left-wing and right-wing groups eventually resulted in a military intervention in September 1980 when General

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According to scholar Ahmet İnsel, the Grey wolves also use "fascist slogans imported from America", such as "Love it or leave it" (

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The Containment of Organised Crime and Terrorism: Thirty-Five Years of Research on Police, Judicial and Administrative Cooperation

10530: 9668: 9326: 6951: 14973: 13934: 10331: 9652: 9247: 8615: 5232: 4685: 4471: 3639:, considered an offshoot of the Grey Wolves. Police arrested around 40 protesters for violating the ban on prayers in the former 2521:. Its members deny its political nature and claim it to be a cultural and educational foundation, citing its full official name: 2510: 12791: 12028:"Press Release Regarding the "Symbol Act" on Symbols of Extremist Organizations that Has Been Passed by the Austrian Parliament" 11600: 9724: 9553: 7920: 5651: 14893: 14778: 11208: 10288: 8867: 8758: 5809: 5725: 5447: 5384: 4129:. Turkey criticized the handling of the violence by the Austrian police and claimed that it was organized by PKK sympathizers. 3500: 3450: 12410: 12105: 12013: 11789: 11627: 11511: 9757: 8210: 7225: 7195: 3816:

between 1983 and 2005, and were involved, according to Harry Anastasiou, in state-sponsored terror of citizens. In July 1996,

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The paramilitary wing of the Grey Wolves have been utilized by the Turkish intelligence services to assassinate PKK leaders.

5089: 4271:“ATİB – Union of Turkish-Islamic Cultural Associations in Europe e.V.” (ATİB), with around 2,500 members in 25 associations. 13695: 13534: 13309: 12315: 11405: 10732: 9114: 8611: 6751: 6200: 4355: 3828: 3785: 1047: 11812:

DHA tarafından "Türkmen komutan" olarak gösterilen Alparslan Çelik isimli kişinin Elazığlı bir ülkücü olduğu ortaya çıktı.

9272: 8663:"Postmodern Responses to the September 12th 1980 Military Coup D'Etat in Turkish Literature Search within citing articles" 6298: 14873: 14853: 14788: 14045: 13642: 13088: 12271: 12192:"Verkiezingsborden Zuhal Demir plastered with Turkish slogans and symbol Grey Wolves: But I will not be intimidated News" 10803: 10051: 9180: 7822: 4660: 4028: 3958: 3857: 3427: 2930: 2241: 1242: 1112: 1102: 507: 11195:Но самое важное, что не без поддержки турецких спецслужб в Чечне воевали отряды так называемых "Серых волков" из Турции. 9621: 9357: 8635: 14903: 14291: 13930: 12035: 11685: 8159:

The Beast Reawakens: Fascism's resurgence from Hitler's Spymasters to Today's Neo-Nazi Groups and Right Wing Extremists

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The article concludes with a refutation of claims that Turkish terrorists ("Grey Wolves") are operating in Azerbaijan.

6618: 6478:"An Intellectual History of Turkish Nationalism: Between Turkish Ethnicity and Islamic Identity by Umut Uzer (review)" 6168: 3835: 14808: 14590: 14238: 13975: 13892: 13877: 13638: 13281: 13271: 10339: 7596: 6680: 6565: 6457: 5817: 5486: 5014: 4856: 4351: 3571: 3312:

In May 1998, the Grey Wolves were involved in two murders. On 3 May, a group of Grey Wolves attacked two students in

3098: 2216: 1857: 1502: 1427: 1062: 1032: 1017: 12463:"Press Release Regarding the French Council of Ministers' Decision on the dissolution of the "Grey Wolves" Movement" 11728: 11182: 7880:"Kadir Has Üniversitesi'nin siyasi eğilim araştırması [Political tendency research of Kadir Has University]" 3437:

On 7–8 September 2015, Turkish nationalists, including Grey Wolves members, attacked 128 offices of the pro-Kurdish

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The US also established contacts with the neofascist Nationalist Movement Party and its militants, the Grey Wolves.

6108:...the most likely perpetrators were members of an ultra-nationalist Turkish organization called the Grey Wolves... 4621: 4611:

a French-Armenian fighter named Levon attempts to kill a high level Turkish general who is the head of Grey Wolves.

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The activism of the Grey Wolves diminished after the 1980 military intervention, which banned such organizations.

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for ideological and paramilitary training were founded by Türkeş across Turkey. Canefe and Bora describe it as a

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Grey Wolves Turkish terrorist group (Bozkurtlar in Turkish), the youth organization of an extreme right party...

3548: 14993: 14783: 14625: 12812: 12765: 12681:(in German). Düsseldorf: Ministerium für Inneres und Kommunales des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen . Archived from 10590: 9893: 9521: 7527: 4185:

In 2022, Grey Wolves vandalized an Armenian genocide memorial in Brussels with three crescents, similar to the

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In July 1997 the Grey Wolves clashed in Northern Cyprus with Kurdish university students who protested against

3112:(MİT) armed and funded Grey Wolves members to carry out political murders. They mostly targeted members of the 3047: 2300: 2166: 2151: 1712: 1702: 1542: 1182: 14515: 12059: 10521:"Inside the World Uyghur Congress: The US-backed right-wing regime change network seeking the 'fall of China'" 8528:...attacks on minority Alawite communities by the Grey Wolves, including the Kahramanmaras massacre in 1978... 7567:...the far-right Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), with its openly fascist "Grey Wolves" youth organization... 4555:(D-NV) proposed designating the Grey Wolves as a terrorist group through an amendment to the Fiscal Year 2022 3247: 2176: 1222: 14813: 14698: 14693: 14580: 13696:"MST3K for politics: The hosts of Chapo Trap House trace their podcast's evolution to the disastrous present" 13122: 9809:

A nationalist gang called the Gray Wolves is staging regular demonstrations protesting the pontiff's arrival.

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The Grey Wolves, the unofficial militant arm of the MHP, has been involved in street killings and gunbattles.

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3.6 per cent amounts to around 1,904,188 individuals if the number of registered voters (52,894,115) for the

4404: 4291: 4249: 3846: 3337: 3128: 2925: 2502: 2196: 2191: 1902: 1737: 1372: 13056: 10755: 10552: 3752:, Turkish far-right organizations (including the Grey Wolves), and the Azerbaijani opposition. According to 15003: 14998: 14883: 14676: 14225: 13968: 13954: 13851: 12652: 9786: 9390:"The Violations of the Human Rights of the Greek Minority in Turkey: Atrocities and persecutions 1923–2009" 8091: 7668: 4458:

party have called for the Grey Wolves to be banned in Europe and for its members in Sweden to be deported.

4403:

reported that clashes between the Grey Wolves and the Dutch-Turkish Workers Association (HTIB) occurred on

4274:"Federation of the World Order in Europe” (ANF), with around 1,000 members in around 15 local associations. 4147: 3935:

reported in 2000 that the Grey Wolves with most pro-Chechen stance were those affiliated with the Islamist

3850: 3408: 3330: 3326: 3296: 3275: 3121: 2626: 1247: 1052: 997: 130: 11281: 7052: 6087: 6040: 1137: 14645: 14635: 14540: 14253: 14243: 14233: 14070: 10055: 9184: 7542: 3896: 3745: 3474: 3446: 3322: 3051: 2809: 2766:

remaining three fingers join is a stamp. It means: we will put the Turkish-Islamic stamp on the world."

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Turkey's Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan: State Identity and Security in the Middle East and Caucasus

8623:

In the 1978 Kahramanmaraş incident, right-wing "Grey Wolves" killed about 100 left-wing Alevi activists.

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backers as "Grey Wolves," an ironic reference to the podcast's pretended support of Erdoğan and the AKP.

3412: 1367: 14878: 14595: 14258: 14248: 11259:

Nevertheless it seems certain that isolated groups of Azeri Grey Wolves have participated in the war...

8591:

In the 1978 Kahramanmaraş incident, rightwing "Grey Wolves" killed about 100 left-wing Alevi activists.

7835:И, в-третьих, это националисты, или «серые волки», далеко недружелюбно посматривающие в сторону Москвы. 6420:, or "Idealists' Hearths"; although they and other pro-MHP activists were to become popularly known as 5997: 5861: 4885: 4752: 4216: 4186: 4159: 3805: 3707: 3488:

of 1955. They threw eggs and tore down photos. The Grey Wolves issued a statement denying involvement.

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Sørøst-Norge, Dag Einar Thorsen-førsteamanuensis i statsvitenskap ved Høgskolen i (20 November 2016).

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was hit by a political scandal in April 2016, as images emerged of party member and Housing Minister

3841:

On 17 October 2003, Murat Kanatlı, Turkish Cypriot journalist and editor of the opposition newspaper

3713: 3470: 2879: 2435: 2251: 2146: 2121: 2017: 1237: 1122: 1037: 703: 156: 14838: 14432: 13631:"Compressing Time, Expanding Horizons: The Armenian Film Festival of San Francisco in February 2004" 11892: 11294:По информации ФСК Дагестана азербайджанская организация "Серые волки" направила в Чечню 80 боевиков. 11109: 9418: 8115: 6519:"Screws tighten on Gray Wolves, Erdogan's European guard - Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East" 4628: 4003:

stated in 2016 that "Turkish NGOs, just as the Grey Wolves, give us humanitarian aid." According to

3597:, the local leader of the Grey Wolves suggested that his followers should "go on an Armenian hunt." 2664:. They are the largest right-wing extremist organization in Germany. The Grey Wolves were banned in 842: 14750: 14306: 14286: 14276: 12994: 10799: 9962: 9034:

The involvement of Huda-Par and the Grey Wolves in the violence rocking the southeast augurs badly.

8465: 8008: 6360: 4760: 4670: 3394: 2236: 2231: 2201: 1982: 1937: 1787: 1212: 1092: 1042: 957: 773: 648: 218: 14407: 13215: 12682: 7815:"Так будет ли у Т. Эрдогана достойный конкурент? [Will Erdogan have a worthy competitor?]" 3879:

In November 2013 a fight broke out between members of the Grey Wolves and Kurdish students at the

3116:(ASALA), which attacked Turkish embassies abroad in retaliation for the Turkish state's continued 2878:; their synthesis of Turkish identity, political ideology, and Islamic beliefs is referred to as " 2211: 308: 14715: 14688: 14301: 14281: 14156: 14005: 12847:

Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics

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Spyroglou, Valentine (April 2006). "A Populist Surge Splits Turkey From Its Traditional Allies".

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Turkey and the European Union: Domestic Politics, Economic Integration and International Dynamics

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In the 1978 Kahramanmaraş incident, rightwing "Grey Wolves" killed about 100 left-wing activists.

4072: 4044: 4036: 4017: 3996: 3872: 3434:, was stabbed to death by left-wing and according to some reports, Kurdish nationalist students. 3212: 2800:

Demiral displayed the ‘wolf salute’ after scoring in Turkey’s round of 16 match against Austria.

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From Azerbaijan, the Grey Wolves opposition party sent 270 fighters to Chechnya in mid-December.

11172: 7127: 7002: 4482:. The masterminds were not identified and the organization's role remains unclear. According to 2813: 14671: 14650: 14565: 10399: 7735:(1995). "A New Ottoman Empire? The Choice for Turkey: Euro-Asian Centre vs National Fortress". 6768:

On the Question, "what is Turkish-German?" Minority Literatures and the Dialectics of Exclusion

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investigation to address the display of political and extremist symbols during the tournament.

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was never formally linked to Grey Wolves leaders, and the organization's role remains unclear.

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The Turkish-American Relationship Between 1947 and 2003: The History of a Distinctive Alliance

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while the Grey Wolves target their vendetta against the communists, Greeks, and the Armenians.

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Türk Halkının Siyasi Yelpazedeki Yeri: Kendinizi siyasi görüşünüz açıdan nasıl tanımlarsınız?

7664:"Turkish elections: Turkey's Kurd-hating Grey Wolves spreading neo-nazi poison across Europe" 7091: 7009: 4982: 4560: 4479: 4286:

Historicly the most important Grey Wolves-affiliated Turkish organization in Germany was the

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After the 1980 coup, the Grey Wolves reorganized. They began to direct their efforts against

3160: 2537: 2387: 2221: 2206: 2181: 2131: 2091: 2062: 2052: 1837: 1822: 1652: 1347: 1287: 1277: 1217: 1177: 1077: 947: 942: 902: 892: 887: 758: 11126:(1999). "International Reactions to Massive Human Rights Violations: The Case of Chechnya". 8505: 6798: 3574:, nationalist groups, including the Grey Wolves, protested against the commemoration of the 2723:, which literally means "idealists". Its informal name is inspired by the ancient legend of 14968: 14725: 14472: 14362: 14342: 14131: 14035: 12883: 9862: 7916: 7425:

A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.

5064: 4633: 4581: 4439: 4313: 4171: 4092: 3880: 3845:, was "attacked by a group of 20-30 persons belonging to the Grey Wolves" according to the 3255: 3041: 3015: 2914: 2883: 2610:

organization, in the early 1990s the Grey Wolves extended their area of operation into the

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The Top Hat, the Grey Wolf, and the Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic

10685: 5549: 4305: 2513:, the Grey Wolves have been described by some scholars, journalists, and governments as a 8: 14555: 14417: 14271: 14050: 13991: 13870:

Graue Wölfe. Koranschulen. Idealistenvereine. Türkische Faschisten in der Bundesrepublik

13578:"Grey Wolves: Amendment to US defence bill has Turkey's ultra-nationalists in its sights" 12747: 11128: 10880: 10760: 10252: 9771: 9362: 8670: 8364: 8039: 7848:"Erdogan's plans for power hinge on Turkish nationalist feud | DW | 15.05.2016" 7588: 7168: 6557: 6331: 6129: 4934: 4748: 4723: 4665: 4585: 4000: 3617: 3552: 3381: 3361: 3132: 3090: 2906: 2833: 2685: 2677: 2275: 2161: 2106: 1627: 1352: 1192: 1057: 907: 882: 783: 753: 688: 658: 198: 183: 143: 14600: 12841:

Avcı, Gamze (2004). "Religion, Transnationalism and Turks in Europe". In Çarkoğlu, Ali;

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The Broken Olive Branch: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and the Quest for Peace in Cyprus

8787:"En Turquie, les "Loups" sont de retour [In Turkey, the "Wolves" are returning]" 6327:"Parliamentary question - E-006101/2020 - Inclusion of Grey Wolves on EU terrorist list" 4341: 3606: 3515: 3376:

On 9 November 2010, Hasan Şimşek, a Grey Wolves member and a student, was killed at the

3309:

described the organization as "the staunchest opponent to the Kurdish cause in Turkey."

1692: 302: 14710: 14630: 14575: 14510: 14452: 14377: 14372: 13553:"Proposed amendment calls for designation of Turkey's Grey Wolves as a terrorist group" 12289: 11145: 10728: 10607: 10520: 10232: 9762: 9678: 8604: 8540: 8356: 8234:"European Parliament resolution of 7 June 2022 on the 2021 Commission Report on Turkey" 8083: 7754: 7451: 7291: 7274: 6821: 5505: 5300: 4513: 3951:

Azerbaijani Grey Wolves also participated in the fight against Russia. In January 1995

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By the late 1970s the organizations had tens of thousands of members, and according to

3094: 2858: 2849: 2774: 2673: 2623: 2611: 2486: 2399: 2270: 1972: 1967: 1777: 1327: 1167: 1127: 788: 743: 591: 415: 351: 253: 23:. For another Turkish ultra-nationalist organization which uses similar symbolism, see 14477: 14462: 12343:"Le mouvement ultra-nationaliste turc des Loups gris officiellement dissous en France" 9644: 8045:

Team officers, ministers, deputies who were accused of being the member of the Gladio.

7976:"'Our bodies are Turkish, our souls Islamic!' The rise of Turkey's ultra-nationalists" 5224: 5169:"'Our bodies are Turkish, our souls Islamic!' The rise of Turkey's ultra-nationalists" 4893: 4467: 4048: 3689:

near Istanbul's Russian consulate, Ankara, and Adana, accusing Russia of slaughtering

3416: 2569: 14545: 14525: 14447: 14382: 14266: 14171: 14126: 14101: 14060: 14015: 13908: 13901: 13888: 13873: 13841: 13810: 13497:"Turkish Foreign Ministry slams EP over call to add Grey Wolves to EU terrorist list" 13277: 13250: 12999: 12854: 12240: 11690: 11315: 11248: 11153: 11071: 11032: 10948:"Russian think tank labels Turkish far-right Grey Wolves as 'extremist' organisation" 10652: 10611: 10525: 10403: 10366: 10264: 10218: 10151: 9791: 9563: 9470: 9466:

Globalization and Orthodox Christianity: The Transformations of a Religious Tradition

9214: 8701: 8580: 8517: 8506: 8445: 8410: 8372: 8336: 8307: 8087: 7758: 7737: 7637:"The big world experiment: the mobilization of social capital in migrant communities" 7522: 7414: 7375: 7319: 7057: 6937: 6908: 6825: 6657: 6405: 6302: 6045: 5962: 5813: 5643: 5621: 5584: 5482: 5427: 5388: 5308: 5068: 5010: 4862: 4852: 4848: 4475: 3945: 3936: 3924: 3792:(WUC) and "its offshoots have forged ties with the Grey Wolves" and that WUC founder 3624: 3541: 3511: 3300: 3074: 3055: 3028: 2619: 2580: 2317: 2312: 2185: 2116: 2022: 1997: 1907: 1887: 1867: 1792: 1752: 1697: 1667: 1577: 1557: 1457: 1322: 967: 952: 912: 596: 489: 423: 14704: 14610: 14352: 11648:"Syria's Turkmen: who they are, and what they have to do with Russia's downed plane" 10296: 8877: 8768: 7113: 5714: 4569: 4264:

The three “Ülkücü” associations in Germany with the largest number of members are:

4225: 4215:

In November 2020, France banned the Grey Wolves organization after defacement of an

3915:, a government think tank, classified the Grey Wolves as an extremist organization. 3776:. Failing to find support in post-Soviet Central Asian republics, they targeted the 3678: 3462: 3219: 2947: 2704: 2549: 1687: 1477: 332: 314: 14427: 14085: 13436:"Germany's political opposition wants Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves banned" 13027:"Sweden's housing minister Mehmet Kaplan quits after his Nazi comparison to Israel" 12402: 11618:"Turkmen forces in Syria shot dead pilots of downed Russian jet – deputy commander" 11137: 10599: 10202: 10087: 8576: 8549: 8206: 8073: 7746: 7283: 6813: 6244: 5514: 5478: 5381:

Iran's Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era: Resisting the New International Order

5255:"TRENDS Research and Advisory - The Grey Wolves: Erdoğan's extremist arm in Europe" 5002: 4747:; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an 4679: 4642: 4607: 4517: 4455: 4391:

were a extreme right criminal gang working as security guards for the gray wolves.

4388: 4298: 4280: 4236: 4142: 4064: 3988: 3769: 3725: 3717: 3655: 3401: 3148: 3105: 3086: 3070: 2910: 2845: 2837: 2735: 2649: 2584: 2526: 2494: 2481: 2472: 2460: 2032: 1957: 1892: 1852: 1817: 1717: 1612: 1447: 1392: 1382: 1282: 1257: 922: 810: 698: 673: 643: 608: 411: 320: 146: 14682: 14615: 14487: 14467: 14402: 13834:Պանթուրքական երազանք կամ "Գորշ գայլեր" [Pan-Turkic dream or "Grey Wolves"] 12808: 12034:. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 12 December 2018. Archived from 11245:

Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus

9492:"Turkish Nationalist Group Invaded İstanbul's Hagia Sophia Church to Pray (video)" 8059:"Turkey's Deep State: Ergenekon and the Threat to Democratisation in the Republic" 7355: 6817: 6583:[Grey Wolves - the largest right-wing extremist organisation in Germany]. 6235: 5754:"Turkey's ruling coalition now targets Christians with 'Grey Wolves' terror group" 4987:

Kurdish Nationalism and Political Islam in Turkey: Kemalist Identity in Transition

4543:, the European Parliament urged, on 20 May 2021, that the 27 member states of the 4170:

candidate Mustafa Ayutar was linked to the organization. In 2019, Belgian-Kurdish

3647: 3009: 1897: 1467: 14570: 14560: 14161: 14146: 14141: 14111: 13760:"Leftwing Breitbart? Chapo Trap House is strong new voice in resistance to Trump" 13673: 13582: 12469:. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4 November 2020. Archived from 11794: 11531: 11473: 10206: 9617: 9464: 9299: 9118: 9016: 8474: 8402: 8271: 7979: 7948: 7484: 7442: 7100: 6766: 6747: 6646:

Europe, a Political Profile: An American Companion to European Politics, Volume 1

6464: 5337: 4889: 4837:"Part II: The Terrorists – Violent Ideologies: Terrorism From the Left and Right" 4532:

In 2005, Kazakhstan banned the Grey Wolves, classifying it as a terrorist group.

3813: 3749: 3651: 3594: 3485: 3365: 3267: 3183: 2894: 2871: 2853: 2743: 2641: 2614:

with Turkic and Muslim populations. Up to thousands of its members fought in the

2591:. Among the Grey Wolves' prime targets are non-Turkish ethnic minorities such as 2418: 2306: 2285: 2280: 2057: 1872: 1797: 1747: 1742: 1637: 1597: 1552: 1537: 1527: 1487: 1397: 1252: 1007: 825: 820: 763: 723: 668: 613: 601: 581: 433: 193: 94: 14367: 13793: 12547:"Einführung: Graue Wölfe und türkischer Ultranationalismus in Deutschland | bpb" 10718: 10335: 10257:

Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis

7750: 4150:

two member of the BTF came to the attention of the media: Fuat Korkmazer on the

3969:

According to a December 2015 report by the independent Russian online newspaper

3809: 2067: 1142: 560: 326: 14585: 14550: 14520: 14505: 14020: 13611: 13376: 12320: 12009: 11240: 11123: 10389: 9495: 9262: 8433: 7852: 7818: 7398: 7229: 7199: 6205: 5376: 4565: 4544: 4115: 4040: 3992: 3976: 3940: 3900: 3883:

in North Nicosia resulting in arrest of 23 persons. According to the newspaper

3793: 3753: 3690: 3431: 3353: 3349: 3251: 3136: 3062: 2992: 2964: 2952: 2918: 2863: 2793: 2739: 2681: 2645: 2327: 2101: 2042: 2007: 2002: 1987: 1942: 1917: 1882: 1762: 1677: 1562: 1522: 1317: 1272: 1262: 778: 713: 520: 243: 161: 151: 122: 98: 14437: 14397: 14327: 14116: 13630: 11885:"Media: Jaish al-Fatah claims responsibility for murder of Russian ambassador" 9958:"Chinese tourists in Turkey told to avoid anti-Beijing protests after attacks" 8078: 6477: 3616:

In December 1996, the Grey Wolves attacked left-wing students and teachers at

3466: 3465:, a senior member of the Grey Wolves, attempted to assassinate Prime Minister 2780: 2575:

The organization has long been a prominent suspect in investigations into the

1492: 345: 24: 14772: 14080: 13725: 11652: 11339: 11020: 10603: 9826: 9758:"Istanbul University: Alleged Police-Ulkucu Collaboration Escalates Tensions" 9613: 8643: 8154: 7814: 7639:. FMG: Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research (AISSR). p. 152. 7048: 6862: 6036: 5072: 4990: 4443: 4359: 4317: 4122: 4032: 3868: 3741: 3666: 3628: 3627:'s visit to Turkey. On 22 November, tens of protesters symbolically occupied 3590: 3579: 3536: 3196: 3178: 2797: 2588: 2037: 1977: 1962: 1947: 1932: 1812: 1767: 1672: 1662: 1512: 1462: 1337: 1207: 1172: 1022: 917: 897: 653: 445: 272: 19:

This article is about the Turkish militant organization. For other uses, see

14482: 14025: 12733:"Stellung der Avrupa Türk-Islam Birliği (ATIB) im Spektrum der Grauen Wölfe" 11062:

Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in Chechnya

3923:

Members of the Grey Wolves fought on the Chechen separatist side during the

3659: 3407:

In October 2014, the Grey Wolves were involved in deadly clashes during the

3120:. The Turkish intelligence services also made use of the Grey Wolves in the 1842: 14392: 14332: 14176: 14055: 13118: 13114: 12373:"France to ban Turkish 'Grey Wolves' after defacement of Armenian memorial" 12148: 11724: 11157: 11141: 11055: 10465: 10260: 9115:"Far-right activists attack HDP offices across Turkey after anti-PKK demos" 8986:"10 people, including two police officers, killed in two Turkish provinces" 7945:"Increasing tensions see resurgence of Turkey's far-right street movements" 7732: 6610: 6178: 4487: 4483: 4451: 4420: 4179: 3824: 3757: 3556: 3519: 3232: 2935: 2922: 2875: 2867: 2801: 2692: 2372: 2290: 2012: 1912: 1757: 1682: 1657: 1642: 1632: 1622: 1587: 1572: 1547: 1507: 1472: 1442: 1437: 1422: 1402: 1377: 1267: 1157: 238: 106: 14442: 10857:. Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Interior, Press and Information Office. 10827:. Republic of Cyprus, Ministry of Interior, Press and Information Office. 9399:. Athens: The Constantinopolitan Society. 2009. p. 31. Archived from 5006: 4125:

as Grey Wolves members, attacked Kurdish rallies in Vienna protesting the

3340:, the Grey Wolves attacked members of the HADEP, allegedly with impunity. 3089:, the Grey Wolves were accused of being members of the Counter-Guerrilla. 14412: 14337: 14209: 14040: 13606: 13557: 12842: 12433:"Turkish Ultranationalist Group Linked to "Hunt For Armenians" in France" 12078: 11720: 11506: 10557: 10493:"Separatism in Xinjiang: Between Local Problems and International Jihad?" 7406: 7359: 7272:

Karasapan, Omer (1989). "Turkey and US Strategy in the Age of Glasnost".

5895: 5715:"Murder in Anatolia: Christian missionaries and Turkish ultranationalism" 4536: 4202: 4175: 4052: 4005: 3817: 3243: 3208: 3093:, second-in-command of the Grey Wolves leadership, was killed during the 3059: 3050:

Justice Emin Değer documented collaboration between the Grey Wolves, the

2960: 2890: 2841: 2785: 2669: 2661: 2607: 2514: 2498: 2086: 2027: 1862: 1847: 1827: 1807: 1802: 1782: 1722: 1647: 1602: 1452: 1202: 987: 847: 678: 623: 586: 552: 174: 169: 164: 14387: 12153: 11209:"Moscow, Washington and Tbilisi Wrestle With Instability in the Pankisi" 10756:"IPI expresses concern over brutal attack on Turkish Cypriot journalist" 10585: 9821: 9767: 8035: 4312:

The 2013 in three German federal states "two live arms with ammunition,

3995:, whom they consider kinsmen. The MHP and Grey Wolves have provided the 3480:

On 6 September 2005, a group of nationalists, led by Grey Wolves leader

3400:

In October 2013, the Grey Wolves demonstrated across Turkey against the

2413: 14311: 12436: 11916:"Bangkok bombing: Who are the Turkish terrorist group the Grey Wolves?" 11595: 11378: 11276: 11213: 10330: 10175: 10024: 7093:

Political, Religious and Ethnic Radicalisation Among Muslims in Belgium

6975: 6857: 5110: 4931:"Document A9-0149/2022: Report on the 2021 Commission Report on Turkey" 4740: 4552: 4163: 3953: 3908: 3768:

The Grey Wolves "set up training camps in Central Asia for youths from

3420: 3317: 3172: 2955:. This map shows parts of Eurasia inhabited by Turkic-speaking peoples. 2940: 2817: 2634: 2047: 1927: 1922: 1832: 1707: 1517: 1497: 1432: 1407: 1357: 1297: 1187: 992: 768: 748: 693: 532: 379: 188: 118: 13960: 12876:"Belabberd resultaat Grijze Wolven bij gemeenteraadsverkiezingen 2006" 11149: 11009: 9725:"Turkish Radical Threatens to 'Hunt for Armenians' In Streets of Kars" 9701:"Ülkücü başkandan tehdit: 'Sokaklarda Ermeni avına mı çıkalım' !" 8438:

NATO's Secret Armies: Operation GLADIO and Terrorism in Western Europe

7636: 7295: 7259:"Euro 2024: Türkiye fans make controversial gesture on way to stadium" 4220: 4182:

had been vandalized with swastikas and the symbol of the Grey Wolves.

3449:(PKK). Some have alleged that some of the attacks were carried out by 14347: 14191: 13061: 12743: 12376: 12316:"France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves – DW – 11/04/2020" 11271: 11177: 10917: 9822:"A chance to get friendlier: The pope's controversial trip to Turkey" 9012:"Kobani is Falling to ISIS in Syria. Kurd Protests Explode in Turkey" 8791: 8329:

Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World

4998: 4248:

As a far-right extremist group, the Grey Wolves are monitored by the

4063:, an Egyptian news site picked up a document allegedly issued by the 3979:

nationalists have apparently began cooperating with the Grey Wolves.

3827:, a Cypriot protester, was beaten to death by the Grey Wolves in the 3564: 3560: 3078: 2808:

for this reason, prompting protests denouncing the suspension by the

2728: 2676:, and calls for similar actions are made elsewhere. In May 2021, the 2600: 2377: 2332: 2295: 1732: 932: 852: 618: 419: 258: 12507:

Milli Görüș und Graue Wölfe werden vom Verfassungsschutz beobachtet.

12120:"Turkey, Austria trade barbs over Kurdish-Turkish clashes in Vienna" 10502:. New Delhi: Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies. Archived from 7287: 6581:"Graue Wölfe – die größte rechtsextreme Organisation in Deutschland" 6272:"Graue Wölfe – die größte rechtsextreme Organisation in Deutschland" 5802:

Satanic Purses: Money, Myth, and Misinformation in the War on Terror

4407:

celebrations. Organizations such as Turkish Federation Netherlands (

14065: 14030: 13089:"Charlie Weimers (SD): EU behöver bygga murar mot Erdogans Turkiet" 12705: 12489: 12266: 10881:"В Совфеде предложили запретить турецкую организацию "Серые волки"" 10793:"Cyprus Problem in the Integration of Turkey to the European Union" 10211:

The Caucasian Knot: The History and Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh

9673: 9150:"Comment: Is President Erdogan behaving more like Bashar al-Assad?" 9051: 7782: 7701: 6653: 6361:"The national list of banned terrorist organizations in Kazakhstan" 5805: 5682: 5647: 4789: 3781: 3575: 3333:(ÖDP) requested that the Grey Wolves be banned by the authorities. 2732: 2696: 2637:

also banned the organization, classifying it as a terrorist group.

2352: 2337: 1162: 683: 633: 449: 268: 178: 114: 50: 13669:"Empire of the Wolves, by Jean-Christophe Grangé, trans. Ian Monk" 13405:"Shadowy Turkish Ultra-Nationalist Group Under Scrutiny in Europe" 10147:"Ülkü Ocakları ve Alperen Ocakları'ndan 'Türkmen Dağı' protestosu" 6295:

Economic Warfare: Sanctions, Embargo Busting, and Their Human Cost

5580:"Anti-Syrian protests sign of growing tensions in southern Turkey" 4866: 3911:

proposed outlawing the Grey Wolves in Russia. In August 2020, the

3867:

In October 2013 that the Grey Wolves opened a new headquarters in

3665:

In July 2015 the Grey Wolves staged protests across Turkey, burnt

397:

Turkey: 3.6% of the electorate are supporters (2014) ≈ 1.9 million

12173: 12124: 11759: 11622: 11440: 9898: 9729: 9583: 9558: 9526: 9242: 8872: 8763: 7615:"Turkish and Kurdish Identity and Nationalism in the Netherlands" 7146:"Germany summons Turkish ambassador over 'wolf' goal celebration" 7122: 6685: 4647: 4540: 4500: 4111: 3777: 3674: 3670: 3632: 3018:

found that a similar percentage, 3.2% of respondents identify as

2968: 2777:

proposed banning the salute in October 2018, calling it fascist.

2657: 2653: 2579:, and is suspected of having close dealings in the past with the 2553: 2540:

in the late 1960s, the Grey Wolves rose to prominence during the

2347: 815: 663: 576: 13372:"German lawmakers urge ban on extreme-right Turkish Gray Wolves" 13184: 13153: 8508:

Blood and Belief: The PKK and the Kurdish Fight for Independence

5990:"Crying "Wolf": Why Turkish Fears Need Not Block Kurdish Reform" 5955:

Encyclopedia of Modern Worldwide Extremists and Extremist Groups

4755:, while Russia, on the other hand, considers the Crimea to be a 4631:

the Grey Wolves are involved in a woman's murder. The 2005 film

4584:, such as those released in 2003 to 2005 or 2018, which glorify 3999:

with relief aid and fighters. Syrian Turkmen Assembly president

3491:

In the 2000s the Grey Wolves routinely demonstrated outside the

13949: 11953: 11949:"Thailand's Shrine Bombing – The Case For Turkey's Grey Wolves" 11884: 11670:

To understand why Celik's rebels would even claim to do this...

10913:"Коммунисты предложили Чайке запретить турецких "Серых волков"" 9614:"Ethnic Armenian soldier in Turkey killed by Bozkurtlar member" 9330: 9069:

Sarıgazi'de ülkücü grup protestocu bir genci linç etmek istedi.

8916:"Nationalist violence spreads to Istanbul's Marmara University" 8005:"Political Violence, the 'War on Terror' and the Turkish State" 6416:

In 1966, Türkeş formed a network of youth organizations called

6070: 6068: 6041:"Turkish Dirty War Revealed, but Papal Shooting Still Obscured" 5060: 4994: 4736: 4447: 4325: 4241: 3640: 3504: 3199:, the Turkish authorities had lost control over it. During the 2898: 2665: 2596: 832: 383: 90: 13602:"FETÖ behind US move to designate Turkish group as terrorists" 12218:"Grey Wolves vandalize Armenian genocide memorial in Brussels" 7226:"Germany seeks to ban Turkish 'Gray Wolves' far-right symbols" 5618:"Behind the China Riots -- Oil, Terrorism & 'Grey Wolves'" 5420:

Transnational Politics: The Case of Turks and Kurds in Germany

4016:

Some Syrian rebel groups have ties to Grey Wolves. One is the

3623:

In late November 2006 the Grey Wolves staged protests against

3585:

In June 2015, during a visit to the medieval Armenian city of

14530: 12101: 11308:

The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union?

10955: 9705: 8181:"Why Erdogan is entering key elections with a far-right ally" 7403:

Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism

4321: 4197:

In May 1984, Grey Wolves leader Abdullah Çatlı carried out a

4155: 4059: 3987:

Activists of the MHP and Idealist Hearths have fought in the

3496: 3352:'s effigy in a protest in Ankara after he claimed the partly 3292: 3223: 3204: 2902: 2724: 2592: 1232: 977: 110: 102: 12615:"Wie die rechtsradikalen "Grauen Wölfe" junge Türken ködern" 12098:"Turkish ultranationalists attack Kurdish rallies in Vienna" 10201: 9990:"Turks protesting against China attack Koreans 'by mistake'" 6744:"The ultra-nationalist Turkish mob boss Erdogan can't touch" 6065: 4035:

bomber aircraft near the Syria–Turkey border. The pilot was

3534:

In January 2004, the Grey Wolves prevented the screening of

14949:

Organisations designated as terrorist by the European Union

12074:"4 Turkish bus drivers fired over gray wolf sign in Vienna" 11888: 10301:...National Democratic Party (aka Boz Gurd, Gray Wolves)... 8962:"Nationalists stage protests against package across Turkey" 6088:"Thai police look into Turkish connection in Bangkok blast" 5916: 5914: 4167: 4080: 4079:, the Russian ambassador to Turkey. Russian-state run news 3524:

United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel

3313: 3066: 3035: 2805: 2769:

It was banned in Austria in February 2019. In Germany, the

1342: 638: 467: 276: 13216:"Fascisme åpenbarer seg i Drammen? – Human Rights Service" 12995:"Swedish cabinet member compared Israel with Nazi-Germany" 12577:"2012 Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution" 12286:"France to ban Turkish ultranationalist Grey Wolves group" 11560:"A Cause For All Turks: Turkey and Syria's Turkmen Rebels" 11436:"MHP'nin iki ilçe başkanı Türkmen Dağı'nda savaşa katıldı" 11406:"A Cause for all Turks: Turkey and Syria's Turkmen Rebels" 10395:

Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War

9238:"Turkish Prime Minister Turgut Ozal Escapes Assassination" 8545:"Why was the commemoration for the Maraş massacre banned?" 5851:"2013 Annual Report on the Protection of the Constitution" 5798:"Striking Out! – Al-Qaida Cells in the Global Petrie Dish" 5510:"Why was the commemoration for the Maraş massacre banned?" 5355:...the Grey Wolves, a neo-fascist, militant youth group... 5057:

ITNetwork: International Network on Holocaust and Genocide

4096:

bombing and bomb making materials found in his apartment.

3097:, which sparked the scandal. The April 1997 report of the 13341:"France has banned the 'Grey Wolves' – but who are they?" 13310:"France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves group" 11790:"'Türkmen komutan' dedikleri kişi Elazığlı ülkücü çıktı!" 11686:"След "Серых Волков". Кто убил российского пилота Су-24?" 11105: 11085:...the Azerbaijani Gray Wolf leader, Iskander, Hamidov... 10673:

Balkan inferno: betrayal, war and intervention, 1990–2005

10647:. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 9926:"Turkish nationalists protest pope, Vatican remains calm" 8397:

Sloan, Stephen; Anderson, Sean K. (2009). "Gray Wolves".

7593:

Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey

6562:

Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey

5199:"France has banned the 'Grey Wolves' – but who are they?" 4358:

march, we immediately organize a counter-demonstration."

3932: 3586: 3124:, by offering them amnesty for their crimes in exchange. 13243:

Heroin, Organized Crime, and the Making of Modern Turkey

10586:"Nonstate Actors, Fragmentation, and Conflict Processes" 10584:

Pearlman, Wendy; Cunningham, Kathleen Gallagher (2012).

10116:"Thai PM defends decision to send Uighurs back to China" 8207:"Turkey election: Erdogan wins re-election as president" 7090:

Koutroubas, T., Vloeberghs, W. and Yanasmayan, Z. 2009.

5911: 5534: 5532: 5107:"Why Erdogan must expand his ultranationalist alliances" 4047:. The Turkmen rebel group operated under the command of 3484:, stormed into an Istanbul exhibition commemorating the 3291:

In the 1990s, the Grey Wolves turned their focus on the

3207:, officials, and journalists. The organization became a 13154:"Advarer mot tyrkisk fascistisk organisasjon i Drammen" 12906:"Nederland wil een verbod op organisatie Grijze Wolven" 12545:

Bildung, Bundeszentrale für politische (19 July 2017).

12006:"Turkey condemns Austria's ban on 'Grey Wolves' salute" 11557: 9327:"Eleven Taken Into Custody For Ergenekon Investigation" 9082:"Death of nationalist student stirs politics in Turkey" 7608: 7606: 7196:"Turkey condemns Austria's ban on 'Grey Wolves' salute" 7164:"Turkey condemns Austria's ban on 'Grey Wolves' salute" 3740:

In March 1995, a coup d'état attempt against President

3720:

founded and led the Azerbaijani Grey Wolves in 1993–95.

3456: 3226:

were killed. They are also accused of being behind the

13868:

Barbara Hoffmann, Michael Opperskalski, Erden Solmaz:

11375:"Turkey's nationalist 'Gray Wolves' enter Syrian fray" 9522:"Turkish Extremists Scuttle the Screening of "Ararat"" 8392: 8390: 8388: 8133:"Machete attacks raise fears over widespread violence" 7447:"Trial of Mehmet Ali Agca: 6 years of neofascist ties" 7103:. MICROCON Policy Working Paper 5, Brighton: MICROCON. 6899:

Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin (2007). "Grey Wolves".

4373:

Union der Türkisch-Islamischen Kulturvereine in Europa

3646:

In July 2014 around a thousand people demonstrated in

3529: 344:

18 June 1988: Assassination attempt on Prime Minister

14939:

Organizations based in Europe designated as terrorist

13535:

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Turkey

12965:"Housing minister, Turkish extremists dined together" 12403:"Grey Wolves: Far-right group to be banned in France" 10851:"Turkish Cypriot and Turkish Media Review 08/11/2013" 10821:"Turkish Cypriot and Turkish Media Review 30/10/2013" 8361:

Middle Eastern Themes: Papers in History and Politics

7938: 7936: 6177:(in Russian). Azerbaijan News Network. Archived from 5923:"Resurgence of Anti-Semitism in Turkey and Amsterdam" 5529: 4830: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4254:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

3510:

In December 2017 Grey Wolves members, among them the

3281: 3218:

Their most significant attack of this period was the

2844:

paramilitary organization by political scholars, the

13807:

Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy

12788:

Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy

12701:"Der Schein trügt, die Grauen Wölfe sind gefährlich" 10289:"Azerbaijan: Date For Presidential Ballot Confirmed" 8127: 8125: 7603: 6719:"Attack on Sept. 6-7 events photo exhibit condemned" 6440:"Video shows Turkish police singing Grey Wolf march" 6125:"Bangkok bombing: Was it the Grey Wolves of Turkey?" 6118: 6116: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6023: 6021: 6019: 6017: 4989:. Middle East Studies: History, Politics & Law. 4822: 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4808: 4806: 4804: 2812:

and Turkish government officials. Turkish President

2566:

attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II in 1981

1078:

National Radical Camp/Oboz Narodowo-Radykalny (1993)

14944:

Organizations designated as terrorist by Kazakhstan

14934:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

10423:Imanli, Mahammad; Nasrullayev, Shahin (July 2007). 10114:Lefevre, Amy Sawitta; Dikmen, Yesim (9 July 2015). 9181:"Tensions running high in Turkey as elections loom" 8726:"Turkey's "Deep-State" and the Ergenekon Conundrum" 8385: 8231: 7585:

Monterey Terrorism & Research Education Program

7003:"Turkey's "Deep-State" and the Ergenekon Conundrum" 6554:

Monterey Terrorism & Research Education Program

6201:"France bans Turkish ultra-nationalist Grey Wolves" 5957:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 5953:Atkins, Stephen E. (2004). "Grey Wolves (Turkey)". 5889:Baumgärtner, Maik; Diehl, Jörg (15 February 2014). 4527: 4499:There is allegedly a Grey Wolf group recruiting in 4178:reported that posters advertising her candidacy in 4051:, a Turkish national and a Grey Wolves member from 3441:(HDP) across Turkey in an apparent retaliation for 3159:The Grey Wolves organization was formed by Colonel 3135:to recommend that the Grey Wolves be banned in the 13900: 13467:"Will Turkey's Grey Wolves land on EU terror list" 12186: 12184: 11981:"Diese 13 extremistischen Symbole werden verboten" 11527:"Turks head to Syria to defend Turkmen 'brothers'" 11059: 10583: 10338:. European Country of Origin Information Network. 10251: 9894:"Police detain Turks protesting Pope at Aya Sofya" 8940:"Ankara police detain 36 in MHP youth branch raid" 8636:"Hundreds of thousands on Taksim Square on Mayday" 8539: 7933: 7518:"Kurds defy repression with strong vote for HADEP" 7349: 7347: 6898: 5504: 5448:"Ülkü Ocakları, trafodaki gökkuşağına sprey sıktı" 5417: 5142:. MENA Research & Study Center. 30 June 2020. 3163:in the late 1960s as the paramilitary wing of the 3114:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia 3046:In the late 1970s, former military prosecutor and 2934:, and have distributed the Turkish translation of 2523:Idealist Clubs Educational and Cultural Foundation 14746:Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation 13057:"Green Party leaders: We have no plans to resign" 12766:"Europe's extremists are converging at Euro 2024" 10422: 9462: 8932: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8122: 7776:Erdemir, Aykan; Tahiroglu, Merve (30 July 2015). 7511: 7509: 7507: 7478:Erdemir, Aykan; Tahiroglu, Merve (30 July 2015). 6852: 6850: 6297:. Boston: Northeastern University Press. p. 6113: 6014: 5676:Erdemir, Aykan; Tahiroglu, Merve (30 July 2015). 5644:"China-Turkey relationship strained over Uighurs" 4801: 4751:of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's 4506: 14959:Organizations that oppose LGBT rights in Germany 14770: 13107: 10398:. New York: New York University Press. pp. 9756:Ayik, Zeki; Yoruk, Zafer F. (13 December 1996). 9419:"By the Grey Wolves Tension at the Patriarchate" 7775: 7477: 7086: 7084: 7082: 7080: 6713: 6711: 6434: 6432: 5888: 5675: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4450:'s treatment of Palestinians to that of Jews by 2995:and have a history of violence toward leftists. 2556:. They are also alleged to have been behind the 2142:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooting 938:The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord 16:Turkish ultra-nationalist political organization 14964:Organizations that oppose LGBT rights in Turkey 14641:Alfortville Armenian Genocide Memorial bombings 13123:"Muslims in the West: Can Conflict Be Averted?" 12181: 12144:"Fuat Korkmazer stapt op bij Turkse vereniging" 11591:"Syrian Turkmen Groups in Latakia: An Overview" 11469:"Turkey protective of ethnic Turkmens in Syria" 11404:Heller, Sam; Grimaldi, S.G. (21 January 2016). 11027:. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 9358:"In Turkey, a Clash of Nationalism and History" 8628: 8331:. New York: New York University Press. p. 7612: 7344: 7305: 6972:"Turkey's Ultra-Nationalists Playing With Fire" 6000:. 7 October 2013. pp. 9–10. Archived from 5383:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 5333:"Turkey protective of ethnic Turkmens in Syria" 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4328:" were seized from members of the Grey Wolves. 3190: 943:World Church of the Creator/Creativity Movement 13402: 13369: 13338: 13270:Fijnaut, Cyrille J. C. F. (8 September 2016). 12239:. Far Hills, NJ: New Horizon Pr. p. 297. 11403: 10635: 10633: 10312: 10083:"Anti-China sentiment is sweeping over Turkey" 9446:Defense & Foreign Affairs Strategic Policy 8844:"Ultranationalist attacks viewed with concern" 8831: 8602: 8570: 7617:. New York: Humanity In Action. Archived from 7504: 6847: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5573: 5571: 5472: 5326: 5324: 5322: 4924: 4922: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4910: 4908: 3329:(CHP) Deputy Chairman Sinan Yerlikaya and the 2560:in May 1977, and to have played a role in the 378:Active; the Grey Wolves have been banned from 14889:Islamic organizations that oppose LGBT rights 13976: 13792: 12929: 12927: 12608: 12606: 12604: 12050:"So kontert der Kanzler auf Wolfsgruß-Aktion" 11989:(in German). 12 February 2019. Archived from 11558:Sam Heller; S.G. Grimaldi (21 January 2016). 10113: 8396: 7077: 7000: 6796: 6708: 6429: 6074: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 4682:group which was founded by former Grey Wolves 4224:associations affiliated with the PKK and the 4099: 2832:The Grey Wolves adhere to an extreme form of 2633:, they were banned in that country. In 2005, 2489:political movement and the youth wing of the 2436: 13464: 13182: 12152:(in Dutch). 8 September 2006. Archived from 11502:"Grey Wolves, Turkey's armed proxy in Syria" 11015: 9562:(in Turkish). 7 January 2004. Archived from 8876:(in Turkish). 23 August 2002. Archived from 8700:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington. p. 154. 8603:Rabasa, Angel; Larrabee, F. Stephen (2008). 8571:Rabasa, Angel; Larrabee, F. Stephen (2008). 8464: 7886:(in Turkish). 6 January 2022. Archived from 7318:(in German) (3rd. ed.). Unrast Verlag. 7053:"Turkey's Gray Wolves Nip at Heels of Power" 6355: 6353: 6351: 6349: 6319: 6195: 6193: 6191: 5473:Rabasa, Angel; Larrabee, F. Stephen (2008). 5299:Sullivan, Colleen (2011). "Grey Wolves". In 4945: 4928: 4834: 4210:Direction générale de la sécurité intérieure 4071:), which claimed that it conspired with the 3685:In November 2015, the Grey Wolves protested 3430:, leader of the Grey Wolves organization in 3423:, Istanbul, attempted to lynch a young man. 2631:attempt to seize power in Azerbaijan in 1995 339:Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II 12935:"Sweden's Green Party hit by religious row" 12485:"Radikale sollen in der NRW-CDU aktiv sein" 11524: 11305: 11173:"Шторм в "тихой гавани" чеченских боевиков" 11095: 11093: 10719:"Chronology for Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus" 10630: 10437:National Criminal Justice Reference Service 10052:"Uighur deportation sparks anger in Turkey" 9554:"'Ararat'ın ertelenmesine Egoyan'dan tepki" 9450:International Strategic Studies Association 9416: 9295:"Turkish leader links shooting, Greek trip" 8695: 7543:"The coup that followed the coup in Turkey" 7437: 7435: 7433: 6930: 5975: 5838: 5772: 5671: 5669: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5568: 5319: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5063:: Centre for Comparative Genocide Studies, 5050: 5048: 5046: 5044: 5042: 5040: 5038: 4905: 4759:and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three 4580:The Grey Wolves organization benefits from 4027:On 24 November 2015, the Turkish Air Force 3687:Russian involvement in the Syrian Civil War 3643:, which had been a museum since the 1930s. 3620:, with the alleged approval of the police. 3567:, Ağaoglu was a member of the Grey Wolves. 2629:on the Chechen side. After an unsuccessful 14107:Association for Defence of National Rights 13983: 13969: 13433: 13113: 12924: 12809:"Protest in Den Bosch against Grey Wolves" 12601: 11946: 11340:"Эрдоган отправляет в Крым "Серых волков"" 10639: 10237:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 10049: 9709:(in Turkish). 24 June 2015. Archived from 8696:Heper, Metin; Sayari, Sabri, eds. (2001). 8428: 8426: 7541:Maass, Alan; Gagné, Tom (11 August 2016). 7540: 7353: 7312:Aslan, Fikret; Bozay, Kemal, eds. (2012). 7311: 6615:Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses 6391: 6389: 5884: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5637: 5635: 5404: 4983:"The Kurdish Question in Turkish Politics" 4835:Martin, Augustus; Prager, Fynnwin (2019). 4637:is based on the same-name novel by Grangé. 4219:, organizing combat training camps in the 3780:, concentrated in the Chinese province of 2443: 2429: 1098:National Socialist Japanese Workers' Party 14919:Opposition to same-sex marriage in Europe 14741:How happy is the one who says I am a Turk 13151: 13049: 12058:(in German). 4 March 2019. Archived from 11683: 11645: 11025:The Columbia World Dictionary of Islamism 9784: 9755: 9443: 9417:Alexopoulos, Dimitris (28 October 2005). 9112: 8892:"MHP leader visits slain student's grave" 8778: 8698:Political Leaders and Democracy in Turkey 8262: 8077: 8028:"The Short and Bloody History of Ulkucus" 7998: 7996: 7973: 7942: 7697:"Turquie: les différents masques du loup" 7630: 7628: 7393: 7391: 7271: 6604: 6602: 6346: 6188: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 4793:(in Turkish). 7 July 2020. Archived from 4676:Vatansever Kuvvetler Güç Birliği Hareketi 4559:(NDAA). The proposed amendment asked the 4075:and the Grey Wolves in the December 2016 3635:reported that the event was organized by 3600: 3493:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 988:Hammerskins/Hammerskin Nation and Crew 38 13240: 13213: 12908:(in Dutch). NieuwsOn. 18 November 2020. 12234: 11372: 11170: 11090: 11066:. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 10360: 10018: 8784: 8756: 8326: 7967: 7731: 7430: 7139: 7137: 7043: 7041: 7039: 7037: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6806:Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 6797:O’Connor, Francis; Baser, Bahar (2018). 6790: 6741: 6492:...a group called the Idealist Hearths ( 6400:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 6230: 6228: 6122: 5666: 5615: 5604: 5540:"Hundreds march against Syrian refugees" 5298: 5279: 5035: 4980: 4745:under dispute between Russia and Ukraine 4401:Scientific Council for Government Policy 4235: 3712: 3522:and prayed there in protest against the 3231:encouragement and the protection of the 3201:political violence between 1976 and 1980 3036:Links to the Turkish government and NATO 2946: 2779: 2719:The organization's members are known as 2691:While it was characterized as the MHP's 2552:in December 1978, which killed over 100 14914:Opposition to same-sex marriage in Asia 14646:2005 Istanbul pogrom exhibition assault 13990: 13898: 13830: 13730:"What Will Become of the Dirtbag Left?" 13666: 13575: 13269: 13152:Ondrckova, Camilla (15 November 2016). 12778: 12584:German Federal Ministry of the Interior 12544: 12259: 12003: 11913: 11239: 11122: 11099: 10388: 10332:Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada 10021:"Attacks on Chinese escalate in Turkey" 9666: 9489: 9211:Political Chronology of the Middle East 9009: 8868:"Ülkü Ocakları'ndan Barzani protestosu" 8605:"The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey" 8533: 8497: 8423: 8266:Փանթուրանական Երազանք կամ «Գորշ Գայլեր» 8263:Krikorian, Krikor A. (3 October 2014). 7812: 7253: 7251: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6395: 6386: 5920: 5875: 5858:German Federal Ministry of the Interior 5632: 4841:Terrorism: An International Perspective 4646:(2016–present) refers to avid fans and 4411:, TFN) and Turkish Islamic Federation ( 4037:shot in mid-air parachuting toward land 3724:In 1993, Azerbaijani Interior Minister 3667:flags of the People's Republic of China 3325:(HADEP). As a result of these murders, 2542:late 1970s political violence in Turkey 400:Germany: 7,000 (2015) to 18,000+ (2017) 14771: 13645:from the original on 24 September 2015 13628: 12698: 12166: 11749: 11684:Sidorchik, Andrey (26 November 2015). 11588: 11499: 11337: 11284:from the original on 10 September 2013 11048: 10286: 10171:"Ülkücüler Türkmenler için sokaktaydı" 10000:from the original on 20 September 2016 9891: 9624:from the original on 24 September 2015 9576: 9275:from the original on 26 September 2015 8640:Committee for a Workers' International 8621:from the original on 9 November 2014. 8503: 8432: 8355: 7993: 7778:"Turkish Grey Wolves target 'Chinese'" 7634: 7625: 7613:Wangmo, Tenzin; Yazilitas, D. (2004). 7480:"Turkish Grey Wolves target 'Chinese'" 7397: 7388: 6936: 6858:"Turkey" Nation and tribe the winners" 6693:from the original on 24 September 2015 6681:"Siirt Ülkü Ocakları Başkanı Yeşilkök" 6608: 6599: 6529:from the original on 30 September 2021 6292: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6149: 5952: 5937: 5795: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5678:"Turkish Grey Wolves target 'Chinese'" 5454:from the original on 24 September 2021 5375: 5360: 5163: 5161: 5134: 5132: 5101: 5099: 4575: 4152:Flemish Christian Democrats (CD&V) 3696: 3348:In August 2002, the Grey Wolves burnt 2701:1976-1980 political violence in Turkey 2467:), officially known by the short name 13964: 13740:from the original on 24 February 2020 13724: 13706:from the original on 16 November 2020 13222:from the original on 30 November 2020 13133:from the original on 12 November 2014 12912:from the original on 19 November 2020 12882:(in Dutch). Xs4all.nl. Archived from 12834: 12763: 12713:from the original on 2 September 2017 12645: 12612: 12557:from the original on 28 November 2020 12477: 12425: 12353:from the original on 19 November 2020 12169:"Le loup gris du PS hante Schaerbeek" 11895:from the original on 25 December 2016 11802:from the original on 27 November 2015 11767:from the original on 27 November 2015 11755:"Rus uçağını düşürmek gerekli miydi?" 11731:from the original on 27 November 2015 11698:from the original on 26 November 2015 11570:from the original on 22 November 2018 11539:from the original on 14 December 2018 11500:Maguid, Mohamed Abdel (11 May 2017). 11481:from the original on 16 February 2016 11466: 11206: 11054: 10991:Russian International Affairs Council 10790: 10753: 10490: 10472:from the original on 15 December 2022 10443:from the original on 22 December 2015 10144: 10126:from the original on 26 November 2015 10080: 9870:from the original on 18 November 2014 9799:from the original on 20 December 2014 9785:Wilkinson, Tracy (25 November 2006). 9642: 9534:from the original on 10 November 2014 9337:from the original on 12 November 2014 9260: 9178: 9147: 9125:from the original on 9 September 2015 9094:from the original on 22 February 2015 8723: 8660: 8573:The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey 8512:. New York University Press. p. 8482:from the original on 11 February 2016 8025: 7943:MacDonald, Alex (14 September 2015). 7903: 7790:from the original on 18 December 2021 7676:from the original on 28 November 2015 7661: 7515: 7441: 7236:from the original on 15 December 2021 7206:from the original on 18 December 2021 7176:from the original on 27 February 2021 7134: 7112: 7047: 7034: 6982:from the original on 28 February 2021 6885: 6643: 6637: 6585:Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung 6578: 6475: 6234: 6225: 5690:from the original on 18 December 2021 5641: 5475:The Rise of Political Islam in Turkey 5345:from the original on 25 February 2021 5330: 5261:from the original on 12 November 2021 5235:from the original on 12 November 2021 5205:from the original on 12 November 2021 5179:from the original on 12 February 2019 4785:"Ülkü Ocakları'na yeni başkan atandı" 3913:Russian International Affairs Council 3270:, as well as lobbying for aggressive 3108:, a court document revealed that the 2760: 2714: 2480: 1013:Kotleba – People's Party Our Slovakia 866:Movements, organizations, and parties 14984:Persecution of LGBT people in Europe 14621:1995 Azerbaijani coup d'état attempt 13799:The European Union, Turkey and Islam 13770:from the original on 19 January 2021 13614:). 30 September 2021. Archived from 13446:from the original on 11 January 2021 13320:from the original on 4 November 2020 13290:from the original on 13 January 2023 13245:. Oxford University Press. pp. 13195:from the original on 13 January 2023 13164:from the original on 13 January 2023 12987: 12880:Onderzoeksgroep Turks extreem-rechts 12873: 12840: 12699:Stoldt, Till-R. (25 November 2011). 12639: 12497:from the original on 2 November 2014 12443:from the original on 1 November 2020 12413:from the original on 4 November 2020 12383:from the original on 2 November 2020 12296:from the original on 2 November 2020 12278: 11961:from the original on 10 October 2017 11947:Cunningham, Susan (24 August 2015). 11646:Beauchamp, Zack (24 November 2015). 11448:from the original on 3 December 2015 11416:from the original on 2 February 2016 11354:from the original on 8 December 2015 11171:Balmasov, Sergey (20 October 2011). 10980: 10925:from the original on 19 January 2016 10861:from the original on 2 November 2014 10831:from the original on 2 November 2014 10772:from the original on 25 October 2014 10754:Fritz, Johann P. (23 October 2003). 10735:from the original on 25 October 2014 10183:from the original on 8 December 2015 9938:from the original on 9 November 2014 9834:from the original on 9 November 2014 9667:Perrier, Guillaume (25 April 2012). 9655:from the original on 6 November 2014 9591:from the original on 9 November 2014 9425:from the original on 8 November 2014 9370:from the original on 11 October 2017 9355: 9307:from the original on 25 October 2014 9191:from the original on 30 October 2015 9113:MacDonald, Alex (8 September 2015). 9059:from the original on 8 December 2015 9024:from the original on 25 October 2014 8757:Çelikkan, Murat (18 December 2003). 8612:Defense Technical Information Center 8297: 8279:from the original on 9 November 2014 8178: 8147: 8056: 7955:from the original on 19 October 2016 7694: 7643:from the original on 8 December 2015 7248: 7143: 7065:from the original on 9 December 2014 6969: 6958: 6775:from the original on 13 January 2023 6764: 6621:from the original on 25 October 2014 6496:), widely known as the Grey Wolves ( 5826:from the original on 13 January 2023 5556:from the original on 19 October 2017 5117:from the original on 2 November 2020 5023:from the original on 13 January 2023 4941:from the original on 27 August 2022. 4873:from the original on 13 January 2023 4201:of an Armenian Genocide memorial in 4127:Turkish operation in Iraqi Kurdistan 4083:agency cited this in a news report. 3812:, the President of the unrecognized 3786:East Turkestan independence movement 3457:Greece-related violence and activism 3022:, or supporters of the Grey Wolves. 2680:also called on member states of the 2531:Ülkü Ocakları Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfı 1048:National Democratic Party of Germany 43:Ülkü Ocakları Eğitim ve Kültür Vakfı 13923:"Graue Wölfe [Grey Wolves]" 13561:. 15 September 2021. Archived from 13339:Patrick Keddie (24 November 2020). 13214:Storhaug, Hege (15 November 2016). 13095:from the original on 8 January 2022 13007:from the original on 6 October 2016 12975:from the original on 10 August 2016 12646:Kölbl, Andreas (17 December 2012). 12613:Bergs, Melanie (28 February 2011). 12365: 12198:from the original on 9 January 2022 12004:Nur Duz, Zehra (14 February 2019). 11928:from the original on 30 August 2015 11914:Murdoch, Lindsay (30 August 2015). 11865:from the original on 20 August 2020 11835:from the original on 20 August 2020 11660:from the original on 9 October 2017 11467:Starr, Stephen (15 February 2016). 11373:Taştekin, Fehim (3 February 2016). 11221:from the original on 20 August 2020 11185:from the original on 22 August 2020 10997:from the original on 19 August 2020 10983:"Серые волки [Grey Wolves]" 10962:from the original on 19 August 2020 10893:from the original on 3 January 2016 10696:from the original on 1 January 2019 10425:"Fight Against Terrorist Financing" 10342:from the original on 20 August 2020 10317:. Azer-Media: Moscow. p. 169. 10145:Aydin, Armagan (21 November 2015). 10062:from the original on 23 August 2015 10031:from the original on 10 August 2015 9858:"Pope reaches out to Islamic world" 9148:Ellis, Robert (21 September 2015). 8946:. 12 September 2011. Archived from 8785:Marchand, Laure (21 January 2008). 8677:from the original on 7 October 2015 8240:from the original on 26 August 2022 8232:European Parliament (7 June 2022). 8213:from the original on 26 August 2022 8187:from the original on 26 August 2022 8153: 7860:from the original on 8 January 2022 7825:from the original on 8 January 2022 7709:from the original on 8 January 2022 7557:from the original on 8 January 2022 7492:from the original on 20 August 2020 7459:from the original on 8 January 2022 6903:. New York: Facts On File. p. 6771:. Stanford University. p. 89. 6259: 6166: 6123:Sherwell, Philip (29 August 2015). 6035: 5760:from the original on 5 October 2021 5756:. India Narrative. 5 October 2021. 5702: 5654:from the original on 7 January 2022 5331:Starr, Stephen (15 February 2016). 5158: 5140:"The Grey Wolves conquering Europe" 5129: 5096: 4661:Racism and discrimination in Turkey 3959:Federal Counterintelligence Service 3763: 3530:Anti-Armenian violence and activism 3411:against the government's perceived 2931:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 2864:early history of the Turkic peoples 2640:The organization is also active in 2242:Colorado Springs nightclub shooting 1113:National Socialist Party of America 1103:National Socialist Liberation Front 325:23 February 1979: Assassination of 13: 14979:Persecution of LGBT people in Asia 14804:Anti-Christian sentiment in Turkey 14292:Nationalist and Conservative Party 13931:Federal Agency for Civic Education 13927:Jugendkultur, Islam und Demokratie 13862: 13667:Jakeman, Jane (17 December 2004). 13403:Ezel Sahinkaya (8 December 2020). 13370:Richard Connor (7 November 2020). 13037:from the original on 18 April 2016 12945:from the original on 16 March 2017 12819:from the original on 26 April 2015 12262:"Les Loups sont entrés dans Paris" 12167:Dorzée, Hugues (12 October 2006). 11626:. 24 November 2015. Archived from 11589:Xudosi, Arslon (7 February 2019). 11338:Ivanov, Andrey (8 December 2015). 10553:"Unmistakable US hand in Xinjiang" 10313:Cherni︠a︡vskiĭ, Stanislav (2002). 10095:from the original on 7 August 2015 9906:from the original on 21 March 2020 9892:Butler, Daren (22 November 2006). 9490:Ioannou, Theo (11 December 2017). 9463:Victor Roudometof (October 2013). 9010:Dettmer, Jamie (10 October 2014). 8924:. 12 November 2010. Archived from 8900:. 14 November 2010. Archived from 8815:"Grey Wolves in charge for Ocalan" 8399:Historical Dictionary of Terrorism 8302:. New York: Nova Science. p. 8002: 7813:Nuriyev, Bulat (3 November 2012). 7019:from the original on 28 March 2019 6727:. 9 September 2005. Archived from 6371:from the original on 31 March 2023 6278:. 24 November 2017. Archived from 6276:Federal Agency for Civic Education 6240:"Parties and political identities" 6098:from the original on 28 March 2022 5927:Investigative Project on Terrorism 5731:from the original on 9 August 2011 5577: 5305:The SAGE Encyclopedia of Terrorism 5090:"Ülkü Ocakları Atatürk için çaldı" 4686:Nasyonal Aktivite ve Zinde İnkişaf 4557:National Defense Authorization Act 4259:Federal Agency for Civic Education 4011:National Intelligence Organization 3836:Turkey's invasion of northern Iraq 3796:met Türkeş on numerous occasions. 3784:and began actively supporting the 3282:Anti-Kurdish violence and activism 3110:National Intelligence Organization 2836:. It has been characterized as an 1293:World Union of National Socialists 1213:Social-National Assembly (Ukraine) 319:1 February 1979: Assassination of 14: 15020: 15009:Turkish nationalist organizations 14954:Organizations established in 1969 14924:Organised crime groups in Germany 14869:Far-right terrorist organizations 14799:Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey 14721:Confiscation of Armenian property 14591:Expulsion of Greeks from Istanbul 14239:Republican Villagers Nation Party 13942: 13840:(in Armenian). Yerevan: Asoghik. 13639:University of Southern California 13069:from the original on 2 March 2017 12627:from the original on 4 March 2016 12260:Meynial, Claire (29 March 2012). 12082:. 21 January 2020. Archived from 11207:Cohen, Ariel (19 February 2002). 11102:"Istanbul: Gateway to a holy war" 11100:Isingor, Ali (6 September 2000). 10565:from the original on 31 July 2020 10533:from the original on 31 July 2020 10429:Crime & Justice International 9970:from the original on 12 July 2015 9737:from the original on 23 July 2015 9502:from the original on 12 June 2018 8823:. 30 January 1999. Archived from 7904:Aydın, Mustafa (4 January 2022). 7720:MHP n'est pas une bonne nouvelle. 7118:"Amerika'dan ithal faşist slogan" 6870:from the original on 12 June 2017 6579:Bozay, Kemal (24 November 2017). 6213:from the original on 12 June 2023 5921:Vermaat, Emerson (19 July 2010). 5724:. 12 January 2011. pp. 1–2. 5616:Shimatsu, Yoichi (13 July 2009). 5592:from the original on 4 March 2016 5146:from the original on 18 July 2020 4551:In September 2021 Representative 4470:, an alleged Grey Wolves member, 3572:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day 3380:during an apparent fight between 3356:-inhabited Iraqi governorates of 2967:in one state stretching from the 2644:, and has affiliated branches in 2618:on the Azerbaijani side, and the 2583:, the Turkish branch of the NATO 2217:2021 United States Capitol attack 1108:National Socialist Movement (USA) 1018:Korean National Youth Association 359:Coup d'état attempt in Azerbaijan 14929:Organized crime groups in Turkey 14849:Deniers of the Armenian genocide 13948: 13752: 13718: 13688: 13660: 13622: 13594: 13576:Mathews, Sean (6 October 2021). 13569: 13545: 13519: 13507:from the original on 20 May 2021 13489: 13477:from the original on 20 May 2021 13458: 13427: 13415:from the original on 11 May 2021 13396: 13384:from the original on 14 May 2021 13363: 13351:from the original on 1 June 2021 13332: 13302: 13263: 13234: 13207: 13176: 13145: 13127:United States Institute of Peace 13081: 13019: 12957: 12898: 12867: 12801: 12772: 12757: 12725: 12692: 12664: 12569: 12538: 12512: 12455: 12395: 12335: 12308: 12253: 12228: 12210: 12160: 12136: 12112: 12090: 12066: 12042: 12020: 11997: 11973: 11940: 11907: 11877: 11847: 11817: 11798:(in Turkish). 24 November 2015. 11782: 11743: 11713: 11677: 11610: 11582: 11551: 11525:Umar Farooq (16 February 2016). 11518: 11493: 11460: 11444:(in Turkish). 30 November 2015. 11428: 11397: 11366: 11331: 11299: 11264: 11233: 11200: 11164: 11116: 10974: 10940: 10905: 10889:(in Russian). 30 November 2015. 10873: 10843: 10813: 10784: 10747: 10711: 10678: 10665: 10618:from the original on 6 July 2015 10577: 10545: 10513: 10484: 10458: 10416: 10382: 10354: 10324: 10306: 10280: 10255:; Sullivan, Paige, eds. (1997). 10245: 10195: 10179:(in Turkish). 21 November 2015. 10163: 10138: 10107: 10074: 10050:Broadhurst, Clea (9 July 2015). 10043: 10019:Tremblay, Pinar (20 July 2015). 10012: 9982: 9950: 9918: 9885: 9850: 9814: 9787:"A tense time for a papal visit" 9778: 9749: 9717: 9693: 9636: 9606: 9570: 9546: 9514: 9483: 9456: 9437: 9410: 9382: 9356:Vick, Karl (30 September 2005). 9349: 9319: 9287: 9263:"Ozal sees plot behind shooting" 9254: 9230: 9213:. Routledge. 2001. p. 234. 9203: 9172: 9141: 9106: 9074: 9039: 9003: 8992:. 9 October 2014. Archived from 8978: 8970:. 2 October 2013. Archived from 8954: 8908: 8884: 8860: 8807: 8750: 8717: 8689: 8654: 8596: 8564: 8458: 8349: 8320: 8291: 8256: 8225: 8199: 8172: 7578: 6835:from the original on 1 July 2022 6742:Goksedef, Ece (15 August 2018). 6547: 6170:"Серые волки" собрались на охоту 6167:Ali, Kyamal (18 February 2014). 6137:from the original on 5 June 2022 5418:Østergaard-Nielsen, Eva (2003). 4929:Sánchez Amor, N. (25 May 2022). 4729: 4528:Designation as a terrorist group 4331:The Ministry of the Interior of 4261:estimated over 18,000 members. 4240:Grey Wolves symbols on a car in 4160:Francophone Socialist Party (PS) 3609:and Linden, when Sunni radicals 3499:(Phanar), Istanbul and burn the 3222:in December 1978, when over 100 3154: 3127:In 2018, the AK Party formed an 2711:3.2% of the Turkish electorate. 2412: 2112:1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt 1728:Princess Marie Adelheid of Lippe 1228:Spartans (Greek political party) 1083:National Renaissance Party (USA) 963:Everything For the Country Party 559: 526: 514: 494: 483: 472: 461: 438: 49: 14899:Nationalist movements in Europe 14218:Committee of Union and Progress 14167:Turkish Resistance Organisation 13933:. 19 March 2012. Archived from 13786: 13629:Afeyan, Bedros (1 March 2004). 13125:. Philadelphia and Washington: 12746:. 5 August 2016. Archived from 12620:Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung 12520:"Auslandsbezogener Extremismus" 11861:(in Arabic). 21 December 2016. 11831:(in Arabic). 21 December 2016. 11280:(in Russian). 18 January 1995. 10293:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 10081:Tasch, Barbara (22 July 2015). 9665:; Translated from the original 9577:Türker, Yıldırım (9 May 2011). 9179:Cross, Tony (26 October 2015). 8161:. New York: Routledge. p. 8070:Royal United Services Institute 8050: 8019: 7974:Stevenson, Tom (21 July 2018). 7897: 7872: 7840: 7806: 7769: 7725: 7688: 7655: 7572: 7534: 7471: 7265: 7218: 7188: 7156: 7106: 6994: 6924: 6758: 6735: 6689:(in Turkish). 2 November 2011. 6673: 6572: 6541: 6511: 6505: 6469: 6448:. 25 April 2011. Archived from 6286: 6080: 6053:from the original on 3 May 2015 6008: 5810:McGill–Queen's University Press 5746: 5498: 5466: 5440: 5273: 5247: 5217: 5191: 4900:, was a known former Grey Wolf. 4716: 4703: 4640:The left-wing American podcast 4369:Avrupa Türk-İslam Birliği, ATİB 3895:In November and December 2015, 3774:dissolution of the Soviet Union 3272:denial of the Armenian genocide 3167:(MHP). In 1968, over a hundred 3118:denial of the Armenian genocide 2973:dissolution of the Soviet Union 2137:Centennial Olympic Park bombing 508:Designated as a terrorist group 14974:Persecution of Kurds in Turkey 14757:Şehitler ölmez vatan bölünmez! 14626:Zirve Publishing House murders 14616:Assassination of Kemal Türkler 14581:1957 arson attack at Tahtakale 13809:: Amsterdam University Press. 13635:Armenian News Network / Groong 13434:Zoe Didili (9 November 2020). 12813:Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau 12672:"Wer sind die "Grauen Wölfe"?" 12524:BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz 12349:(in French). 4 November 2020. 12237:The new explosion of terrorism 12128:. 29 June 2020. Archived from 12104:. 27 June 2020. Archived from 10591:Journal of Conflict Resolution 10209:; Donabedian, Patrick (1994). 9246:. 18 June 1988. Archived from 9055:(in Turkish). 8 October 2014. 8667:Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Dergisi 8139:. 14 July 2013. Archived from 7662:Humer, Stephan (5 June 2015). 6609:Prabha, Kshitij (April 2008). 5422:. London: Routledge. pp. 5082: 4777: 4592:The Turkish television series 4507:Illegal drug trade allegations 4394: 4077:assassination of Andrei Karlov 3673:fast during the holy month of 3213:street killings and gunbattles 2991:The Grey Wolves are staunchly 2951:Grey Wolves seek to unite all 2753:) and "Communists to Moscow" ( 2301:National Socialist black metal 2167:Oak Creek Sikh temple shooting 2152:Columbine High School massacre 1: 14894:Nationalist movements in Asia 14779:1969 establishments in Turkey 13796:; Linden, H. van der (2004). 13537:. 19 May 2021. Archived from 12790:. p. 113. Archived from 12764:Zidan, Karim (26 June 2024). 12526:(in German). 1 September 2023 11306:Evangelista, Matthew (2003). 11247:. Routledge. pp. 226–7. 9268:The Christian Science Monitor 8852:. 15 May 1998. Archived from 8724:Ünver, H. Akin (April 2009). 7695:Jégo, Marie (30 April 1999). 7516:Dixon, Norm (28 April 1999). 6970:Idiz, Semih (29 March 2013). 6818:10.1080/14683857.2018.1451035 6476:Benam, Cigdem (Winter 2017). 5722:European Stability Initiative 4691: 4292:Solingen arson attack of 1993 3847:International Press Institute 3701: 3402:Kurdish–Turkish peace process 3378:Kütahya Dumlupınar University 3065:organization organized under 2928:such as those put forward by 2493:(MHP). Commonly described as 2197:Christchurch mosque shootings 2192:Pittsburgh synagogue shooting 1903:Florentine Rost van Tonningen 1568:Anthime Gionet / Baked Alaska 14864:Far-right politics in Turkey 14859:Far-right politics in Europe 14606:Political violence in Turkey 13831:Avagyan, Ashot, ed. (2013). 13465:Nazlan Ertan (20 May 2021). 13031:International Business Times 10802:. p. 98. Archived from 10791:Sayın, Fatih Mehmet (2009). 10675:, (Enigma Books, 2007), 389. 10491:Singh, Bhavna (April 2012). 10361:Murinson, Alexander (2009). 10155:(in Turkish). Archived from 9643:Moral, Efe (25 April 2012). 9421:. The Hellenic Radio (ERA). 8767:(in Turkish). Archived from 8642:. 2 May 2010. Archived from 8327:Hendrick, Joshua D. (2013). 7919:. p. 14. Archived from 7669:International Business Times 7126:(in Turkish). Archived from 7001:H. Akin Ünver (April 2009). 5906:Juden, Schwule und Christen. 5860:. p. 27. Archived from 5642:Girit, Selin (9 July 2015). 4890:Turkish occupation of Cyprus 4770: 4627:("Empire of the Wolves") by 4413:Turks Islamitische Federatie 3851:elections in Northern Cyprus 3419:. A group of Grey Wolves in 3409:2014 Kurdish riots in Turkey 3389:in Istanbul on 12 November. 3331:Freedom and Solidarity Party 3276:Turkish occupation of Cyprus 3261: 3191:1970s violence and 1980 coup 2544:when its members engaged in 1248:Traditionalist Workers Party 998:International Third Position 7: 14636:Assassination of Hrant Dink 14541:Turkish War of Independence 14071:Turkish Cypriot nationalism 12656:(in German). Archived from 12648:"Graue Wölfe im Schafspelz" 12586:. p. 8. Archived from 12270:(in French). Archived from 11023:; King, John, eds. (2007). 10287:Fuller, Liz (30 May 2007). 10056:Radio France Internationale 9677:(in French). Archived from 9303:. 20 June 1988. p. 4. 9261:Cohen, Sam (20 June 1988). 9185:Radio France Internationale 8795:(in French). Archived from 8470:"Obituary: Alpaslan Turkes" 8179:Uras, Umut (18 June 2018). 8057:Park, Bill (October 2008). 8026:Pacal, Jan (4 April 1997). 8011:. p. 7. Archived from 7906:"Türkiye Eğilimleri – 2021" 7751:10.1177/0967010695026004007 5899:(in German). Archived from 5870:Armenians, Greeks and Jews. 4654: 4582:Turkish TV films and series 4399:As early as 1979 the Dutch 4148:municipal elections of 2006 4086: 3052:Central Intelligence Agency 2971:to Central Asia. After the 2827: 2810:Turkish Football Federation 2648:nations with a significant 2177:Trollhättan school stabbing 10: 15025: 14874:Grey Wolves (organization) 14854:Far-right politics in Asia 14789:Nationalist Movement Party 14596:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 14249:Nationalist Movement Party 13887:. Bergisch Gladbach 2005, 12493:(in German). 1 June 2014. 10365:. Routledge. p. 126. 9047:"Üç büyük kent de karıştı" 5998:International Crisis Group 4898:shooting Pope John Paul II 4753:cities with special status 4711:2014 presidential election 4461: 4409:Turkse Federatie Nederland 4364:Christian Democratic Union 4231: 4217:Armenian Genocide Memorial 4132: 4104: 4100:Presence in Western Europe 3829:United Nations Buffer Zone 3806:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 3708:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 3237:Special Warfare Department 3165:Nationalist Movement Party 3142: 3039: 2794:2024 European Football Cup 2788:, used by the Grey Wolves. 2771:Christian Democratic Union 2616:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 2491:Nationalist Movement Party 2172:Charleston church shooting 2157:2006 Moscow market bombing 1133:Nordic Resistance Movement 1088:National Revival of Poland 1068:Nationalist Movement Party 873:American Identity Movement 35:Idealist Clubs Educational 21:Grey Wolf (disambiguation) 18: 14904:Neo-fascist organizations 14731:Denial of Kurds by Turkey 14659: 14496: 14320: 14297:Rights and Equality Party 14226:Republican People's Party 14200: 14094: 14076:Turkish-Islamic synthesis 13998: 12653:Zeitungsverlag Waiblingen 11921:The Sydney Morning Herald 10766:Reporters Without Borders 8466:de Bellaigue, Christopher 8079:10.1080/03071840802521937 7581:"Definition of Terrorism" 6901:Encyclopedia of terrorism 6650:Santa Barbara, California 6550:"Definition of Terrorism" 6398:Political Islam in Turkey 6075:Zürcher & Linden 2004 5588:. No. 21 July 2014. 5229:Counter Extremism Project 4845:Thousand Oaks, California 4757:federal subject of Russia 4520:, the author of the book 4494: 4430: 4192: 4158:and Murat Denizli on the 4020:. Another is the Turkmen 3890: 3799: 3730:National Democratic Party 3439:Peoples' Democratic Party 3327:Republican People's Party 3099:Turkish National Assembly 3003:According to sociologist 2880:Turkish Islamonationalism 2708: 2603:, and leftist activists. 2252:2024 United Kingdom riots 2147:1999 London nail bombings 2127:Rocky Mountain Rendezvous 2122:Fort Smith sedition trial 1343:Andrew Auernheimer / Weev 1123:National Vanguard (Italy) 1038:National Alliance July 18 704:Opposition to immigration 506: 456: 429: 407: 390: 374: 282: 264: 252: 157:Turkish Islamonationalism 129: 86: 68: 60: 48: 42: 41: 34: 14809:Anti-communist terrorism 14751:Armenian genocide denial 14516:1913 Ottoman coup d'état 14277:Independent Turkey Party 14011:Atatürk personality cult 13883:Jean-Christophe Grangé: 13833: 10800:Tbilisi State University 10604:10.1177/0022002711429669 10315:Новый путь Азербайджана 9963:South China Morning Post 9674:istanbul.blog.lemonde.fr 9579:"Asker Sevag'a ne oldu?" 8265: 8009:University of St Andrews 7405:(3rd ed.). London: 6765:Mani, B. Venkat (2002). 6396:Jenkins, Gareth (2008). 6169: 4696: 4671:Ergenekon (organization) 4379:and football officials. 4139:Belçika Türk Federasyonu 3982: 3650:against the presence of 3593:by the Armenian pianist 3447:Kurdistan Workers' Party 3395:Democratic Regions Party 3371: 3343: 3323:People's Democracy Party 3297:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 3295:and participated in the 3286: 3122:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 2562:Kurdish–Turkish conflict 2237:Aracruz school shootings 2232:2022 Bratislava shooting 2207:El Paso Walmart shooting 2202:Poway synagogue shooting 1983:Brenton Harrison Tarrant 1953:Benjamin Nathaniel Smith 1788:Frazier Glenn Miller Jr. 1118:National Vanguard (U.S.) 1093:National Socialist Front 1043:National Bolshevik Party 958:European Social Movement 774:Pan-European nationalism 649:Economic interventionism 479:Kurdistan Workers' Party 219:Anti-Christian sentiment 14819:Anti-Iranian sentiments 14794:Anti-Armenian sentiment 14716:Citizen, speak Turkish! 14157:Turkish Revenge Brigade 14006:16 Great Turkic Empires 13885:Das Imperium der Wölfe 13241:Gingeras, Ryan (2014). 13185:"En flørt med fascisme" 12779:Penninx, Rinus (1979). 12235:Grosscup, Beau (1991). 10686:"AI Concerns in Europe" 6942:"You reap what you sow" 6483:The Middle East Journal 4981:Taspinar, Omer (2005). 4896:, who was convicted of 4598:("Kurtlar Vadisi") and 4348:Social Democratic Party 4073:Turkistan Islamic Party 4045:Syrian Turkmen Brigades 4018:Muntasir Billah Brigade 3997:Syrian Turkmen Assembly 3549:murder of Sevag Balıkçı 3443:anti-government attacks 3413:collaboration with ISIL 2998: 2816:changed plans to visit 2564:from 1978 onwards. The 2546:urban guerrilla warfare 2536:Established by Colonel 2482:[ylcyodʒakɫaɾɯ] 2227:Izhevsk school shooting 1878:George Lincoln Rockwell 1608:Christopher Paul Hasson 1153:Official National Front 1073:National Party – Greeks 1063:Nationalist Front (USA) 1033:National Alliance (USA) 1003:Italian Social Movement 709:Anti-parliamentarianism 254:Political position 209:Anti-Assyrian sentiment 204:Anti-Armenian sentiment 37:and Cultural Foundation 14844:Antisemitism in Turkey 14834:Anti-Arabism in Turkey 14829:Anti-Kurdish sentiment 14824:Anti-Israeli sentiment 14672:Turkish History Thesis 14651:Murder of Deniz Poyraz 14566:Racism-Turanism trials 13899:Poulton, Hugh (1997). 13276:. BRILL. p. 281. 11142:10.1080/09668139999137 10692:. July–December 1996. 8504:Marcus, Aliza (2007). 8110:Cite journal requires 6293:Naylor, R. T. (1999). 5796:Naylor, R. T. (2006). 5257:. Trendsresearch.org. 4713:is taken into account. 4629:Jean-Christophe Grangé 4333:North Rhine-Westphalia 4296:outlaw motorcycle club 4245: 4114:by sending Chancellor 4022:Abdulhamid Han Brigade 3838:in search of the PKK. 3770:Turkic language groups 3744:was staged in Baku by 3721: 3601:Other acts of violence 3570:On 24 April 2012, the 3547:On 24 April 2011, the 3428:Fırat Yılmaz Çakıroğlu 3228:Taksim Square massacre 2963:and seek to unite the 2956: 2789: 2755:Komünistler Moskova'ya 2568:by Grey Wolves member 2558:Taksim Square massacre 2530: 2519:terrorist organization 2476: 2464: 2097:Piazza Fontana bombing 2087:1967 Greek coup d'état 1388:Anders Behring Breivik 1333:Gaston-Armand Amaudruz 1198:Russian National Unity 1053:National Front (Italy) 928:British National Party 878:American Freedom Party 629:Social interventionism 296:Taksim Square massacre 234:Anti-Kurdish sentiment 229:Anti-Iranian sentiment 214:Anti-Chinese sentiment 14994:Sunni Islamist groups 14699:1934 Resettlement Law 14536:Deportations of Kurds 14458:Gökçe Fırat Çulhaoğlu 14408:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 14287:People's Ascent Party 14187:Youth Union of Turkey 14182:Sultan Murad Division 14152:Peace at Home Council 13681:on 22 November 2014. 12849:. Routledge. p. 11312:Brookings Institution 10690:Amnesty International 10213:. Zed Books. p. 9333:. 18 September 2008. 8996:on 10 November 2014. 8771:on 29 November 2014. 8737:Middle East Institute 8661:Alver, Ahmet (2013). 8440:. Routledge. p. 8209:. BBC. 25 June 2018. 7635:Peters, L.S. (2010). 7547:socialistworker.org ( 7366:. Routledge. p. 7010:Middle East Institute 6463:1 August 2020 at the 5450:. 24 September 2021. 5007:10.4324/9780203327036 4572:was behind the move. 4561:US Secretary of State 4239: 3790:World Uyghur Congress 3716: 3475:relations with Greece 3426:On 20 February 2015, 3338:1999 general election 3129:alliance with the MHP 3048:Turkish Supreme Court 2978:hostile towards China 2950: 2783: 2744:Central Asian steppes 2740:Turkic ethnic origins 2684:to designate it as a 2668:in November 2020 for 2388:Unite Against Fascism 2222:Buffalo Tops shooting 2212:Bærum mosque shooting 2182:Unite the Right rally 2132:Oklahoma City bombing 2117:Neo-Nazism in America 2092:Tate-LaBianca murders 2063:Francis Parker Yockey 1838:William Luther Pierce 1823:Georgios Papadopoulos 1653:Konstantin Kasimovsky 1288:White power skinheads 1278:United Patriots Front 1218:Socialist Reich Party 1178:Patriotic Alternative 948:Deutsche Reichspartei 903:Aryan Republican Army 893:Antipodean Resistance 888:Anti-Communist Action 309:Bahçelievler massacre 14814:Anti-Greek sentiment 14363:Mehmet Emin Yurdakul 14036:Nine Lights Doctrine 13957:at Wikimedia Commons 13565:on 18 December 2021. 12593:on 7 November 2014. 12473:on 11 December 2020. 11891:. 21 December 2016. 11753:(26 November 2015). 11727:. 25 November 2015. 11721:"Найти и уничтожить" 10299:on 15 January 2009. 10259:. Washington, D.C.: 10253:Brzezinski, Zbigniew 10159:on 29 November 2015. 9934:. 24 November 2006. 9866:. 28 November 2006. 9863:The Washington Times 9830:. 27 November 2006. 9566:on 10 November 2014. 9406:on 11 November 2014. 9090:. 20 February 2015. 8950:on 17 November 2014. 8928:on 29 November 2014. 8904:on 29 November 2014. 8880:on 29 November 2014. 8856:on 12 November 2014. 8799:on 2 November 2014. 8739:: 13. Archived from 8646:on 22 October 2014. 8543:(25 December 2012). 8401:. Lanham, Maryland: 8298:Uslu, Nasuh (2003). 8042:on 19 October 2014. 7917:Kadir Has University 7890:on 19 January 2022. 7530:on 28 February 2020. 7202:. 14 February 2019. 7172:. 14 February 2019. 7130:on 29 November 2014. 6954:on 12 November 2014. 6644:Slomp, Hans (2011). 6613:. New Delhi, India: 6611:"Defining Terrorism" 6525:. 12 November 2020. 6452:on 19 October 2017. 6252:on 19 October 2014. 6181:on 25 October 2014. 6004:on 1 September 2014. 5903:on 2 November 2014. 5867:on 7 November 2014. 5508:(25 December 2012). 5065:Macquarie University 4634:Empire of the Wolves 4595:Valley of the Wolves 4522:American War Machine 4172:New Flemish Alliance 4093:2015 Bangkok bombing 3991:, in support of the 3881:Near East University 3256:deep state in Turkey 3042:Deep state in Turkey 3016:Kadir Has University 2959:The Grey Wolves are 2814:Recep Tayyip Erdogan 2727:, a she-wolf in the 2627:Chechen–Russian Wars 2577:deep state in Turkey 2323:White power skinhead 1993:Eugène Terre'Blanche 1583:Joshua Ryne Goldberg 1533:Joseph Paul Franklin 1483:Ian Stuart Donaldson 1418:Christopher Cantwell 1363:William John Beattie 1223:Sonnenkrieg Division 1163:One-People Principle 1148:November 9th Society 1028:National Action (UK) 838:National Syndicalism 501:Raiders Organization 365:2015 Bangkok bombing 224:Anti-Greek sentiment 64:Ahmet Yiğit Yıldırım 15004:Turkish nationalism 14999:Terrorism in Turkey 14884:Islamic nationalism 14694:Animal name changes 14556:1934 Thrace pogroms 14418:Mahmut Esat Bozkurt 14272:Bright Turkey Party 14254:Nation Party (1992) 14244:Nation Party (1962) 14234:Nation Party (1948) 14051:Sun Language Theory 13992:Turkish nationalism 13937:on 2 November 2014. 13857:on 5 November 2014. 13826:on 7 November 2014. 13590:on 4 December 2021. 13316:. 4 November 2020. 12797:on 7 November 2014. 12781:"Ethnic minorities" 12688:on 2 November 2014. 12439:. 29 October 2020. 12409:. 2 November 2020. 12379:. 2 November 2020. 12292:. 2 November 2020. 12274:on 2 November 2014. 12156:on 31 October 2014. 11725:ntv.livejournal.com 11314:Press. p. 89. 11129:Europe-Asia Studies 11112:on 17 October 2014. 10809:on 7 November 2014. 10509:on 6 November 2014. 10500:IPCS Special Report 9931:Hürriyet Daily News 9363:The Washington Post 9250:on 25 October 2014. 9087:Hürriyet Daily News 8990:Hürriyet Daily News 8974:on 25 October 2014. 8967:Hürriyet Daily News 8921:Hürriyet Daily News 8897:Hürriyet Daily News 8849:Hürriyet Daily News 8827:on 9 November 2014. 8820:Hürriyet Daily News 8746:on 9 November 2014. 8671:Istanbul University 8557:on 7 October 2015. 8143:on 25 October 2014. 8097:on 25 October 2014. 8015:on 25 October 2014. 7926:on 6 January 2022. 7621:on 19 October 2014. 7589:Middlebury, Vermont 7169:Hurriyet Daily News 6947:Hürriyet Daily News 6724:Hürriyet Daily News 6558:Middlebury, Vermont 6445:Hürriyet Daily News 6332:European Parliament 6209:. 4 November 2020. 6130:The Daily Telegraph 5994:Europe Report N°227 5933:on 25 October 2014. 5628:on 6 November 2014. 5620:. Dunhuang, China. 5545:Hürriyet Daily News 5522:on 7 October 2015. 5092:. 10 November 2020. 5055:"The Grey Wolves". 4935:European Parliament 4749:autonomous republic 4739:and of the city of 4724:European Parliament 4666:Turkish nationalism 4586:Turkish nationalism 4576:Cultural references 4440:Swedish Green Party 4367:the ATIB (Turkish: 4299:Osmanen Germania BC 4001:Abdurrahman Mustafa 3746:paramilitary police 3697:Presence in Eurasia 3618:Istanbul University 3540:, a film about the 3382:Kurdish nationalist 3306:Hürriyet Daily News 3274:and support of the 3133:European Parliament 2926:conspiracy theories 2870:and blends it with 2834:Turkish nationalism 2678:European Parliament 2419:Politics portal 2276:Right-wing populism 2247:Allen mall shooting 2162:2011 Norway attacks 2107:Greensboro massacre 1628:Dimitrios Ioannidis 1353:Alexander Barkashov 1193:Republic (Slovakia) 1058:National Front (UK) 908:Atomwaffen Division 883:American Nazi Party 784:National Bolshevism 659:Fascist corporatism 199:Anti-Arab sentiment 184:Anti-LGBT sentiment 87:Active regions 14711:The Twenty Classes 14677:Place name changes 14631:Gezi Park protests 14576:Battle of Tillyria 14511:Hamidian massacres 14373:Ali bey Huseynzade 13702:. 24 August 2017. 13618:on 2 October 2021. 12815:. 5 January 2002. 12753:on 23 August 2020. 11385:on 5 February 2016 11272:"Наемники в Чечне" 11124:Cornell, Svante E. 10958:. 18 August 2020. 10729:Minorities at Risk 9763:Turkish Daily News 9530:. 7 January 2004. 9160:on 11 October 2015 8541:Orhan Kemal Cengiz 8032:Turkish Daily News 7986:on 5 August 2020. 7599:on 7 January 2013. 7452:The New York Times 7443:Apple, R. W. . Jr. 7275:Middle East Report 7232:. 9 October 2018. 7116:(7 October 2007). 7099:2014-10-25 at the 6938:Birand, Mehmet Ali 6568:on 7 January 2013. 6523:www.al-monitor.com 6094:. 27 August 2015. 5506:Orhan Kemal Cengiz 5377:Hunter, Shireen T. 5113:. 19 August 2020. 5001:. pp. 92–94. 4617:L'Empire des loups 4614:In the 2003 novel 4514:Stephen E. Ambrose 4480:St. Peter's Square 4352:state's parliament 4322:electric stun guns 4250:German authorities 4246: 4205:, a Paris suburb. 3929:Second Chechen War 3927:(1994–96) and the 3897:Federation Council 3722: 3387:Marmara University 3095:Susurluk car crash 2957: 2859:The New York Times 2790: 2761:Grey Wolves Salute 2751:Ya Sev Ya Terk Et! 2715:Name and symbolism 2674:political violence 2612:post-Soviet states 2503:Islamo-nationalist 2400:Anti-Racist Action 2271:Far-right politics 1973:Kevin Alfred Strom 1968:Richard B. Spencer 1778:Robert Jay Mathews 1738:Michael McLaughlin 1328:Bela Ewald Althans 1168:Patriot of Ukraine 1128:New European Order 913:Blood & Honour 789:National-anarchism 744:Christian Identity 592:Ethnic nationalism 416:illegal drug trade 357:13–17 March 1995: 352:Gazi Quarter riots 350:12–15 March 1995: 70:Dates of operation 14879:Idealism (Turkey) 14766: 14765: 14667:Atatürk's reforms 14546:Elza Niego affair 14531:Assyrian genocide 14526:Armenian genocide 14433:Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu 14383:Zeki Velidi Togan 14358:Noman Çelebicihan 14267:Great Unity Party 14172:Turkists of Gebze 14127:Counter-Guerrilla 14102:9 September Front 14016:Idealism (Turkey) 13953:Media related to 13914:978-0-8147-6648-4 13847:978-99941-2-834-1 13816:978-90-5356-712-8 13541:on 13 April 2022. 13256:978-0-19-871602-0 13065:. 25 April 2016. 13033:. 18 April 2016. 13003:. 17 April 2016. 13000:Svenska Dagbladet 12971:. 14 April 2016. 12941:. 27 April 2016. 12874:Haffmans, Ernst. 12860:978-1-135-76120-2 12660:on 21 March 2020. 12246:978-0-88282-074-3 12038:on 21 April 2019. 12016:on 21 March 2020. 11691:Argumenty i Fakty 11603:on 16 July 2020. 11410:warontherocks.com 11348:Svobodnaya Pressa 11321:978-0-8157-2497-1 11254:978-1-135-79669-3 11077:978-0-312-26874-9 11038:978-0-231-14640-1 10987:russiancouncil.ru 10981:Denisova, Sofya. 10658:978-0-8156-5090-4 10641:Anastasiou, Harry 10561:. 20 March 2020. 10529:. 16 March 2020. 10409:978-0-8147-1945-9 10372:978-0-415-77892-3 10270:978-1-56324-637-1 10224:978-1-85649-287-4 10203:Chorbajian, Levon 9792:Los Angeles Times 9774:on 18 April 2013. 9713:on 7 August 2015. 9476:978-0-415-84373-7 9220:978-1-85743-115-5 9154:Famagusta Gazette 8707:978-0-7391-0352-4 8586:978-0-8330-4457-0 8523:978-0-8147-9611-5 8451:978-1-135-76785-3 8416:978-0-8108-6311-8 8378:978-0-7146-2969-8 8342:978-0-8147-7098-6 8313:978-1-59033-832-2 7738:Security Dialogue 7579:Bale, Jeffrey M. 7523:Green Left Weekly 7420:978-0-7453-1917-9 7381:978-1-135-76120-2 7325:978-3-89771-035-1 7058:Los Angeles Times 7051:(20 April 1999). 6914:978-1-4381-1019-6 6866:. 22 April 1999. 6731:on 19 March 2014. 6663:978-0-313-39181-1 6548:Bale, Jeffrey M. 6411:978-0-230-61245-7 6308:978-1-55553-499-8 6238:(22 April 2014). 6046:Los Angeles Times 6039:(12 April 1998). 5968:978-0-313-32485-7 5622:New America Media 5578:Yalçın, Zübeyde. 5550:Doğan News Agency 5433:978-0-415-26586-7 5394:978-0-313-38194-2 5309:SAGE Publications 4849:SAGE Publications 4722:Suggested by the 4605:In the 2002 film 4568:claimed that the 4476:Pope John Paul II 4314:blank-firing guns 4306:Baden-Württemberg 4304:According to the 4257:published by the 3972:Svobodnaya Pressa 3937:Great Union Party 3925:First Chechen War 3625:Pope Benedict XVI 3542:Armenian genocide 3486:anti-Greek pogrom 3301:Turkish Kurdistan 3075:guerrilla warfare 3056:Counter-Guerrilla 3029:Green Left Weekly 2838:ultra-nationalist 2796:, Turkish player 2587:, as well as the 2581:Counter-Guerrilla 2453: 2452: 2318:White power music 2313:Political Soldier 2186:Unite the Right 2 2023:Jack van Tongeren 1998:H. Keith Thompson 1908:Hans-Ulrich Rudel 1888:Dylann Storm Roof 1868:Povl Riis-Knudsen 1833:Michael Peinovich 1793:Davud Monshizadeh 1753:Jacques de Mahieu 1698:Robert E. Kuttner 1668:Colin King-Ansell 1578:Fredrik Vejdeland 1558:Matthew Q. Gebert 1458:Peter Cvjetanovic 1323:Giorgio Almirante 953:The Daily Stormer 597:White nationalism 538: 537: 490:Kurdish Hezbollah 424:human trafficking 15016: 14989:Racism in Turkey 14909:Operation Gladio 14784:Alparslan Türkeş 14601:Beyazıt massacre 14428:Abulfaz Elchibey 14423:Alparslan Türkeş 14263: 14230: 14222: 14221:(Ottoman Empire) 14214: 14213:(Ottoman Empire) 14046:Racism in Turkey 13985: 13978: 13971: 13962: 13961: 13952: 13938: 13918: 13906: 13858: 13856: 13850:. Archived from 13839: 13827: 13825: 13819:. Archived from 13804: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13775: 13766:. 23 July 2017. 13756: 13750: 13749: 13747: 13745: 13722: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13692: 13686: 13685: 13677:. Archived from 13664: 13658: 13657: 13652: 13650: 13626: 13620: 13619: 13598: 13592: 13591: 13586:. Archived from 13573: 13567: 13566: 13549: 13543: 13542: 13523: 13517: 13516: 13514: 13512: 13493: 13487: 13486: 13484: 13482: 13462: 13456: 13455: 13453: 13451: 13431: 13425: 13424: 13422: 13420: 13409:Voice of America 13400: 13394: 13393: 13391: 13389: 13367: 13361: 13360: 13358: 13356: 13336: 13330: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13306: 13300: 13299: 13297: 13295: 13267: 13261: 13260: 13238: 13232: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13200: 13189:Drammens Tidende 13180: 13174: 13173: 13171: 13169: 13158:Drammens Tidende 13149: 13143: 13142: 13140: 13138: 13111: 13105: 13104: 13102: 13100: 13091:. 4 March 2020. 13085: 13079: 13078: 13076: 13074: 13053: 13047: 13046: 13044: 13042: 13023: 13017: 13016: 13014: 13012: 12991: 12985: 12984: 12982: 12980: 12961: 12955: 12954: 12952: 12950: 12931: 12922: 12921: 12919: 12917: 12902: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12891: 12871: 12865: 12864: 12838: 12832: 12831: 12826: 12824: 12805: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12785: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12761: 12755: 12754: 12752: 12737: 12729: 12723: 12722: 12720: 12718: 12696: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12676: 12668: 12662: 12661: 12643: 12637: 12636: 12634: 12632: 12610: 12599: 12598: 12592: 12581: 12573: 12567: 12566: 12564: 12562: 12542: 12536: 12535: 12533: 12531: 12516: 12510: 12509: 12504: 12502: 12481: 12475: 12474: 12459: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12448: 12429: 12423: 12422: 12420: 12418: 12399: 12393: 12392: 12390: 12388: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12360: 12358: 12339: 12333: 12332: 12330: 12328: 12312: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12301: 12282: 12276: 12275: 12257: 12251: 12250: 12232: 12226: 12225: 12224:. 27 April 2022. 12214: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12203: 12188: 12179: 12178: 12164: 12158: 12157: 12140: 12134: 12133: 12132:on 15 July 2020. 12116: 12110: 12109: 12108:on 31 July 2020. 12094: 12088: 12087: 12086:on 28 July 2020. 12070: 12064: 12063: 12062:on 28 July 2020. 12046: 12040: 12039: 12024: 12018: 12017: 12012:. Archived from 12001: 11995: 11994: 11993:on 28 July 2020. 11977: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11944: 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933: 11911: 11905: 11904: 11902: 11900: 11881: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11870: 11851: 11845: 11844: 11842: 11840: 11821: 11815: 11814: 11809: 11807: 11786: 11780: 11779: 11774: 11772: 11747: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11736: 11717: 11711: 11710: 11705: 11703: 11681: 11675: 11672: 11667: 11665: 11642: 11637: 11635: 11630:on 21 March 2020 11614: 11608: 11607: 11599:. Archived from 11586: 11580: 11579: 11577: 11575: 11564:War on the Rocks 11555: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11514:on 29 July 2020. 11510:. Archived from 11497: 11491: 11490: 11488: 11486: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11455: 11453: 11432: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11390: 11381:. Archived from 11370: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11359: 11335: 11329: 11328: 11303: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11289: 11268: 11262: 11261: 11237: 11231: 11230: 11228: 11226: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11190: 11168: 11162: 11161: 11120: 11114: 11113: 11108:. Archived from 11097: 11088: 11087: 11065: 11052: 11046: 11045: 11013: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11002: 10978: 10972: 10971: 10969: 10967: 10944: 10938: 10937: 10935:16 December 2015 10932: 10930: 10909: 10903: 10902: 10900: 10898: 10877: 10871: 10870: 10868: 10866: 10847: 10841: 10840: 10838: 10836: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10797: 10788: 10782: 10781: 10779: 10777: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10740: 10715: 10709: 10708: 10703: 10701: 10682: 10676: 10669: 10663: 10662: 10637: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10581: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10570: 10549: 10543: 10542: 10540: 10538: 10517: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10497: 10488: 10482: 10481: 10479: 10477: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10450: 10448: 10420: 10414: 10413: 10386: 10380: 10379: 10358: 10352: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10310: 10304: 10303: 10295:. Archived from 10284: 10278: 10277: 10249: 10243: 10242: 10236: 10228: 10207:Mutafian, Claude 10199: 10193: 10192: 10190: 10188: 10167: 10161: 10160: 10142: 10136: 10135: 10133: 10131: 10111: 10105: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10088:Business Insider 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10016: 10010: 10009: 10007: 10005: 9986: 9980: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9954: 9948: 9947: 9945: 9943: 9922: 9916: 9915: 9913: 9911: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9877: 9875: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9841: 9839: 9818: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9804: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9770:. Archived from 9766:. No. 208. 9753: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9733:. 25 June 2015. 9721: 9715: 9714: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9686: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9629: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9598: 9596: 9574: 9568: 9567: 9550: 9544: 9543: 9541: 9539: 9518: 9512: 9511: 9509: 9507: 9487: 9481: 9480: 9460: 9454: 9453: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9414: 9408: 9407: 9405: 9394: 9386: 9380: 9379: 9377: 9375: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9323: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9312: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9258: 9252: 9251: 9234: 9228: 9227: 9207: 9201: 9200: 9198: 9196: 9176: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9165: 9156:. Archived from 9145: 9139: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9110: 9104: 9103: 9101: 9099: 9078: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9064: 9043: 9037: 9036: 9031: 9029: 9007: 9001: 9000: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8958: 8952: 8951: 8936: 8930: 8929: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8888: 8882: 8881: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8840: 8829: 8828: 8811: 8805: 8804: 8782: 8776: 8775: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8745: 8730: 8721: 8715: 8714: 8693: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8658: 8652: 8651: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8620: 8609: 8600: 8594: 8593: 8577:RAND Corporation 8575:. Santa Monica: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8553:. Archived from 8537: 8531: 8530: 8511: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8489: 8487: 8468:(9 April 1997). 8462: 8456: 8455: 8430: 8421: 8420: 8394: 8383: 8382: 8357:Landau, Jacob M. 8353: 8347: 8346: 8324: 8318: 8317: 8295: 8289: 8288: 8286: 8284: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8247: 8245: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8203: 8197: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8176: 8170: 8169: 8151: 8145: 8144: 8129: 8120: 8119: 8113: 8108: 8106: 8098: 8096: 8090:. Archived from 8081: 8063: 8054: 8048: 8047: 8038:. Archived from 8034:. No. 222. 8023: 8017: 8016: 8000: 7991: 7990: 7982:. Archived from 7971: 7965: 7964: 7962: 7960: 7940: 7931: 7930: 7925: 7910: 7901: 7895: 7894: 7876: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7865: 7844: 7838: 7837: 7832: 7830: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7797: 7795: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7716: 7714: 7692: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7681: 7659: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7632: 7623: 7622: 7610: 7601: 7600: 7595:. Archived from 7576: 7570: 7569: 7564: 7562: 7549:Socialist Worker 7538: 7532: 7531: 7526:. Archived from 7513: 7502: 7501: 7499: 7497: 7475: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7464: 7439: 7428: 7427: 7395: 7386: 7385: 7354:Canefe, Nergis; 7351: 7342: 7341: 7339: 7337: 7328:. Archived from 7309: 7303: 7302: 7282:(160): 587–606. 7269: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7211: 7192: 7186: 7185: 7183: 7181: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7144:Connolly, Kate. 7141: 7132: 7131: 7110: 7104: 7088: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7045: 7032: 7031: 7026: 7024: 7018: 7007: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6967: 6956: 6955: 6950:. Archived from 6934: 6928: 6922: 6921: 6896: 6883: 6882: 6877: 6875: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6834: 6803: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6782: 6780: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6754:on 26 June 2020. 6750:. Archived from 6739: 6733: 6732: 6715: 6706: 6705: 6700: 6698: 6677: 6671: 6670: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6628: 6626: 6606: 6597: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6564:. Archived from 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6515: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6473: 6467: 6456: 6436: 6427: 6426: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6357: 6344: 6343: 6341: 6339: 6323: 6317: 6316: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6282:on 22 July 2020. 6268: 6257: 6256: 6248:. Archived from 6232: 6223: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6197: 6186: 6185: 6164: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6120: 6111: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6084: 6078: 6072: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6033: 6012: 6006: 6005: 5986: 5973: 5972: 5950: 5935: 5934: 5929:. Archived from 5918: 5909: 5908: 5886: 5873: 5872: 5866: 5855: 5847: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5793: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5750: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5736: 5730: 5719: 5711: 5700: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5673: 5664: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5639: 5630: 5629: 5624:. Archived from 5613: 5602: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5575: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5552:. 14 July 2014. 5536: 5527: 5526: 5518:. Archived from 5502: 5496: 5495: 5479:RAND Corporation 5477:. Santa Monica: 5470: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5459: 5444: 5438: 5437: 5415: 5402: 5401: 5373: 5358: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5328: 5317: 5316: 5307:(2nd ed.). 5296: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5240: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5186: 5184: 5165: 5156: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5136: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5103: 5094: 5093: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5052: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5028: 4978: 4943: 4942: 4926: 4903: 4902: 4880: 4878: 4832: 4799: 4798: 4797:on 28 July 2020. 4781: 4764: 4733: 4727: 4720: 4714: 4707: 4680:ultranationalist 4643:Chapo Trap House 4625: 4518:Peter Dale Scott 4456:Sweden Democrats 4389:Osmanen Germania 4345: 4281:Kurds in Germany 4065:Army of Conquest 3989:Syrian civil war 3772:" following the 3764:China (Xinjiang) 3728:established the 3726:Isgandar Hamidov 3718:Isgandar Hamidov 3656:Syrian Civil War 3637:Alperen Ocakları 3516:Alperen Ocakları 3471:Motherland Party 3461:On 18 June 1988 3161:Alparslan Türkeş 3149:Ruben Safrastyan 3106:Ergenekon trials 3087:Susurluk scandal 3085:During the 1996 3071:Operation Gladio 3013: 2846:mainstream media 2784:The nationalist 2738:associated with 2699:wing during the 2650:Turkish diaspora 2646:Western European 2585:Operation Gladio 2538:Alparslan Türkeş 2495:ultranationalist 2485:), is a Turkish 2484: 2469:Idealist Hearths 2445: 2438: 2431: 2417: 2416: 2033:Dominique Venner 1958:Albert Spaggiari 1893:Horst Rosenkranz 1853:Otto Ernst Remer 1818:Revilo P. Oliver 1718:Daniel Lewis Lee 1693:Gottfried Küssel 1683:August Kreis III 1613:Matthew Heimbach 1448:Harold Covington 1393:Alain de Benoist 1383:Salvador Borrego 1348:Alparslan Türkeş 1283:Vanguard America 923:British Movement 843:Japanese statism 811:Clerical fascism 699:Ultranationalism 674:Racial supremacy 644:Social Darwinism 609:Authoritarianism 563: 540: 539: 531: 530: 529: 519: 518: 517: 499: 498: 497: 488: 487: 486: 477: 476: 475: 466: 465: 464: 444: 442: 441: 412:Arms trafficking 408:Means of revenue 363:17 August 2015: 307:9 October 1978: 303:Beyazıt massacre 147:ultranationalism 81: 79: 71: 53: 44: 32: 31: 15024: 15023: 15019: 15018: 15017: 15015: 15014: 15013: 14769: 14768: 14767: 14762: 14689:Language reform 14655: 14571:Istanbul pogrom 14561:Dersim massacre 14498: 14492: 14473:Yusuf Halaçoğlu 14463:Kemal Kerinçsiz 14343:Kâzım Karabekir 14316: 14307:Patriotic Party 14261: 14228: 14220: 14212: 14202: 14196: 14162:Turkish Hearths 14147:Ottoman Hearths 14142:Kuva-yi Milliye 14112:Alperen Hearths 14090: 13994: 13989: 13945: 13921: 13915: 13865: 13863:Further reading 13854: 13848: 13837: 13835: 13823: 13817: 13802: 13789: 13784: 13783: 13773: 13771: 13758: 13757: 13753: 13743: 13741: 13723: 13719: 13709: 13707: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13674:The Independent 13665: 13661: 13648: 13646: 13627: 13623: 13600: 13599: 13595: 13583:Middle East Eye 13574: 13570: 13551: 13550: 13546: 13525: 13524: 13520: 13510: 13508: 13503:. 20 May 2021. 13495: 13494: 13490: 13480: 13478: 13463: 13459: 13449: 13447: 13432: 13428: 13418: 13416: 13401: 13397: 13387: 13385: 13368: 13364: 13354: 13352: 13337: 13333: 13323: 13321: 13308: 13307: 13303: 13293: 13291: 13284: 13268: 13264: 13257: 13239: 13235: 13225: 13223: 13212: 13208: 13198: 13196: 13181: 13177: 13167: 13165: 13150: 13146: 13136: 13134: 13121:(August 1993). 13112: 13108: 13098: 13096: 13087: 13086: 13082: 13072: 13070: 13055: 13054: 13050: 13040: 13038: 13025: 13024: 13020: 13010: 13008: 12993: 12992: 12988: 12978: 12976: 12963: 12962: 12958: 12948: 12946: 12933: 12932: 12925: 12915: 12913: 12904: 12903: 12899: 12889: 12887: 12886:on 5 March 2010 12872: 12868: 12861: 12839: 12835: 12822: 12820: 12807: 12806: 12802: 12794: 12783: 12777: 12773: 12762: 12758: 12750: 12735: 12731: 12730: 12726: 12716: 12714: 12697: 12693: 12685: 12674: 12670: 12669: 12665: 12644: 12640: 12630: 12628: 12611: 12602: 12590: 12579: 12575: 12574: 12570: 12560: 12558: 12543: 12539: 12529: 12527: 12518: 12517: 12513: 12500: 12498: 12483: 12482: 12478: 12461: 12460: 12456: 12446: 12444: 12431: 12430: 12426: 12416: 12414: 12401: 12400: 12396: 12386: 12384: 12371: 12370: 12366: 12356: 12354: 12341: 12340: 12336: 12326: 12324: 12314: 12313: 12309: 12299: 12297: 12284: 12283: 12279: 12258: 12254: 12247: 12233: 12229: 12216: 12215: 12211: 12201: 12199: 12194:. 11 May 2019. 12190: 12189: 12182: 12165: 12161: 12142: 12141: 12137: 12118: 12117: 12113: 12096: 12095: 12091: 12072: 12071: 12067: 12048: 12047: 12043: 12026: 12025: 12021: 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9815: 9802: 9800: 9783: 9779: 9754: 9750: 9740: 9738: 9723: 9722: 9718: 9699: 9698: 9694: 9684: 9682: 9658: 9656: 9649:The Globe Times 9641: 9637: 9627: 9625: 9620:. 18 May 2011. 9618:PanARMENIAN.Net 9612: 9611: 9607: 9594: 9592: 9575: 9571: 9552: 9551: 9547: 9537: 9535: 9520: 9519: 9515: 9505: 9503: 9488: 9484: 9477: 9461: 9457: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9415: 9411: 9403: 9392: 9388: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9371: 9354: 9350: 9340: 9338: 9325: 9324: 9320: 9310: 9308: 9300:Chicago Tribune 9293: 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9259: 9255: 9236: 9235: 9231: 9221: 9209: 9208: 9204: 9194: 9192: 9177: 9173: 9163: 9161: 9146: 9142: 9128: 9126: 9119:Middle East Eye 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9080: 9079: 9075: 9062: 9060: 9045: 9044: 9040: 9027: 9025: 9017:The Daily Beast 9008: 9004: 8984: 8983: 8979: 8960: 8959: 8955: 8938: 8937: 8933: 8914: 8913: 8909: 8890: 8889: 8885: 8866: 8865: 8861: 8842: 8841: 8832: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8783: 8779: 8759:"Ülkü Ocakları" 8755: 8751: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8718: 8708: 8694: 8690: 8680: 8678: 8659: 8655: 8634: 8633: 8629: 8618: 8607: 8601: 8597: 8587: 8569: 8565: 8538: 8534: 8524: 8502: 8498: 8485: 8483: 8475:The Independent 8463: 8459: 8452: 8434:Ganser, Daniele 8431: 8424: 8417: 8403:Scarecrow Press 8395: 8386: 8379: 8354: 8350: 8343: 8325: 8321: 8314: 8296: 8292: 8282: 8280: 8275:(in Armenian). 8272:Hairenik Weekly 8267: 8261: 8257: 8243: 8241: 8230: 8226: 8216: 8214: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8190: 8188: 8177: 8173: 8152: 8148: 8131: 8130: 8123: 8111: 8109: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8024: 8020: 8001: 7994: 7980:Middle East Eye 7972: 7968: 7958: 7956: 7949:Middle East Eye 7941: 7934: 7923: 7908: 7902: 7898: 7878: 7877: 7873: 7863: 7861: 7846: 7845: 7841: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7807: 7793: 7791: 7774: 7770: 7730: 7726: 7712: 7710: 7693: 7689: 7679: 7677: 7660: 7656: 7646: 7644: 7633: 7626: 7611: 7604: 7577: 7573: 7560: 7558: 7539: 7535: 7514: 7505: 7495: 7493: 7485:Politico Europe 7476: 7472: 7462: 7460: 7445:(25 May 1981). 7440: 7431: 7421: 7399:Cooley, John K. 7396: 7389: 7382: 7352: 7345: 7335: 7333: 7326: 7310: 7306: 7288:10.2307/3013440 7270: 7266: 7257: 7256: 7249: 7239: 7237: 7224: 7223: 7219: 7209: 7207: 7194: 7193: 7189: 7179: 7177: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7142: 7135: 7111: 7107: 7101:Wayback Machine 7089: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7046: 7035: 7022: 7020: 7016: 7005: 6999: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6968: 6959: 6940:(19 May 2006). 6935: 6931: 6925: 6915: 6897: 6886: 6873: 6871: 6856: 6855: 6848: 6838: 6836: 6832: 6801: 6795: 6791: 6778: 6776: 6763: 6759: 6748:Middle East Eye 6740: 6736: 6717: 6716: 6709: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6656:. p. 744. 6642: 6638: 6624: 6622: 6607: 6600: 6590: 6588: 6577: 6573: 6546: 6542: 6532: 6530: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6474: 6470: 6465:Wayback Machine 6438: 6437: 6430: 6412: 6394: 6387: 6374: 6372: 6359: 6358: 6347: 6337: 6335: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6309: 6291: 6287: 6270: 6269: 6260: 6233: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6199: 6198: 6189: 6171: 6165: 6150: 6140: 6138: 6121: 6114: 6101: 6099: 6086: 6085: 6081: 6073: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6034: 6015: 6009: 5988: 5987: 5976: 5969: 5951: 5938: 5919: 5912: 5887: 5876: 5864: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5820: 5812:. p. 296. 5794: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5717: 5713: 5712: 5703: 5693: 5691: 5674: 5667: 5657: 5655: 5640: 5633: 5614: 5605: 5595: 5593: 5576: 5569: 5559: 5557: 5538: 5537: 5530: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5471: 5467: 5457: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5416: 5405: 5395: 5374: 5361: 5348: 5346: 5338:The Irish Times 5329: 5320: 5297: 5280: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5238: 5236: 5223: 5222: 5218: 5208: 5206: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5182: 5180: 5173:Middle East Eye 5167: 5166: 5159: 5149: 5147: 5138: 5137: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5105: 5104: 5097: 5088: 5087: 5083: 5054: 5053: 5036: 5026: 5024: 5017: 4979: 4946: 4927: 4906: 4894:Mehmet Ali Ağca 4876: 4874: 4859: 4851:. p. 302. 4833: 4802: 4783: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4767: 4734: 4730: 4721: 4717: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4657: 4619: 4578: 4530: 4509: 4497: 4468:Mehmet Ali Ağca 4466:On 13 May 1981 4464: 4433: 4397: 4339: 4288:Türk Federasyon 4234: 4195: 4135: 4107: 4102: 4089: 4049:Alparslan Çelik 3985: 3907:members of the 3905:Communist Party 3893: 3858:2004 referendum 3814:Northern Cyprus 3802: 3766: 3750:Rovshan Javadov 3704: 3699: 3691:Syrian Turkmens 3652:Syrian refugees 3611:attacked Alevis 3603: 3595:Tigran Hamasyan 3565:Turkish studies 3555:descent in the 3551:, a soldier of 3532: 3459: 3417:Siege of Kobanî 3374: 3366:Iraqi Kurdistan 3346: 3289: 3284: 3268:Kurds in Turkey 3264: 3250:. According to 3193: 3184:Jacob M. Landau 3157: 3145: 3044: 3038: 3007: 3001: 2921:. They embrace 2872:Islamic culture 2854:R. W. Apple Jr. 2830: 2763: 2717: 2686:terrorist group 2642:Northern Cyprus 2570:Mehmet Ali Ağca 2449: 2411: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2383:American Antifa 2367: 2359: 2358: 2357: 2307:Nouvelle Droite 2286:Italian fascism 2281:British fascism 2265: 2257: 2256: 2082: 2074: 2073: 2072: 2058:Christian Worch 1873:Jacob D. Robida 1798:Eustace Mullins 1748:James H. Madole 1743:Timothy McVeigh 1638:Arthur J. Jones 1598:Matthew F. Hale 1553:Mark Fredriksen 1538:Gianfranco Fini 1528:Roy Frankhouser 1488:Aleksandr Dugin 1398:James von Brunn 1312: 1304: 1303: 1302: 1253:Tricolour Flame 1183:Posse Comitatus 1008:Kohti Vapautta! 867: 859: 858: 857: 805: 797: 796: 795: 764:Neo-Legionarism 759:Identitarianism 754:Esoteric Nazism 738: 730: 729: 728: 724:Anti-capitalism 669:Anti-liberalism 614:One-party state 602:White supremacy 582:Actual idealism 571: 527: 525: 524: 515: 513: 495: 493: 492: 484: 482: 481: 473: 471: 470: 462: 460: 439: 437: 436: 434:Alperen Hearths 403: 370: 313:December 1978: 301:16 March 1978: 291: 290: 283:Notable attacks 248: 177: 140: 139: 95:Northern Cyprus 77: 75: 69: 56: 36: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 15022: 15012: 15011: 15006: 15001: 14996: 14991: 14986: 14981: 14976: 14971: 14966: 14961: 14956: 14951: 14946: 14941: 14936: 14931: 14926: 14921: 14916: 14911: 14906: 14901: 14896: 14891: 14886: 14881: 14876: 14871: 14866: 14861: 14856: 14851: 14846: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14781: 14764: 14763: 14761: 14760: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14705:Varlık Vergisi 14701: 14696: 14691: 14686: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14663: 14661: 14657: 14656: 14654: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14611:Maraş massacre 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14586:Sivas massacre 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14551:Zilan massacre 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14521:Greek genocide 14518: 14513: 14508: 14506:Adana massacre 14502: 14500: 14494: 14493: 14491: 14490: 14485: 14480: 14475: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14440: 14435: 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14400: 14395: 14390: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14353:Ömer Seyfettin 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14330: 14324: 14322: 14318: 14317: 14315: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14302:National Party 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14282:Homeland Party 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259:Workers' Party 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14223: 14215: 14206: 14204: 14198: 14197: 14195: 14194: 14189: 14184: 14179: 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14119: 14114: 14109: 14104: 14098: 14096: 14092: 14091: 14089: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14023: 14021:Islamokemalism 14018: 14013: 14008: 14002: 14000: 13996: 13995: 13988: 13987: 13980: 13973: 13965: 13959: 13958: 13944: 13943:External links 13941: 13940: 13939: 13919: 13913: 13896: 13881: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13859: 13846: 13828: 13815: 13788: 13785: 13782: 13781: 13751: 13734:The New Yorker 13726:Tolentino, Jia 13717: 13687: 13659: 13621: 13612:Anadolu Agency 13593: 13568: 13544: 13518: 13501:Turkish Minute 13488: 13457: 13426: 13395: 13377:Deutsche Welle 13362: 13331: 13314:Deutsche Welle 13301: 13282: 13262: 13255: 13233: 13206: 13175: 13144: 13106: 13080: 13048: 13018: 12986: 12956: 12923: 12897: 12866: 12859: 12833: 12800: 12771: 12756: 12724: 12691: 12663: 12638: 12600: 12568: 12537: 12511: 12476: 12454: 12424: 12394: 12364: 12334: 12321:Deutsche Welle 12307: 12277: 12252: 12245: 12227: 12222:Turkish Minute 12209: 12180: 12159: 12135: 12111: 12089: 12065: 12041: 12019: 12010:Anadolu Agency 11996: 11972: 11939: 11906: 11876: 11846: 11816: 11781: 11763:(in Turkish). 11742: 11723:(in Russian). 11712: 11694:(in Russian). 11676: 11674: 11673: 11609: 11581: 11550: 11517: 11492: 11459: 11427: 11396: 11365: 11346:(in Russian). 11330: 11320: 11310:. Washington: 11298: 11263: 11253: 11232: 11199: 11181:(in Russian). 11163: 11115: 11089: 11076: 11047: 11037: 11021:Sfeir, Antoine 11008: 10973: 10939: 10921:(in Russian). 10904: 10872: 10842: 10812: 10783: 10746: 10710: 10677: 10664: 10657: 10629: 10576: 10544: 10526:People's Daily 10512: 10483: 10457: 10415: 10408: 10381: 10371: 10353: 10334:(2 May 1995). 10323: 10305: 10279: 10269: 10244: 10223: 10194: 10162: 10137: 10106: 10073: 10042: 10011: 9981: 9949: 9917: 9884: 9849: 9813: 9777: 9748: 9716: 9692: 9681:on 18 May 2019 9635: 9605: 9587:(in Turkish). 9569: 9545: 9513: 9496:Greek Reporter 9482: 9475: 9455: 9436: 9409: 9381: 9348: 9318: 9286: 9253: 9229: 9219: 9202: 9171: 9140: 9105: 9073: 9038: 9002: 8977: 8953: 8931: 8907: 8883: 8859: 8830: 8806: 8777: 8749: 8716: 8706: 8688: 8653: 8627: 8614:. p. 21. 8595: 8585: 8563: 8532: 8522: 8496: 8457: 8450: 8422: 8415: 8384: 8377: 8348: 8341: 8319: 8312: 8290: 8255: 8224: 8198: 8183:. Al Jazeera. 8171: 8155:Lee, Martin A. 8146: 8121: 8112:|journal= 8049: 8018: 7992: 7966: 7932: 7896: 7884:habercalar.com 7871: 7853:Deutsche Welle 7839: 7819:Echo of Moscow 7817:(in Russian). 7805: 7768: 7745:(4): 413–427. 7724: 7687: 7654: 7624: 7602: 7571: 7533: 7503: 7470: 7429: 7419: 7387: 7380: 7343: 7332:on 11 May 2021 7324: 7304: 7264: 7261:. 7 July 2024. 7247: 7230:Deutsche Welle 7217: 7200:Anadolu Agency 7187: 7155: 7133: 7105: 7076: 7049:Zaman, Amberin 7033: 6993: 6957: 6929: 6923: 6913: 6884: 6846: 6789: 6757: 6734: 6707: 6672: 6662: 6636: 6598: 6571: 6540: 6510: 6504: 6490:(1): 165–166. 6468: 6428: 6410: 6385: 6345: 6318: 6307: 6285: 6258: 6224: 6206:Deutsche Welle 6187: 6148: 6112: 6079: 6064: 6037:Lee, Martin A. 6013: 6007: 5974: 5967: 5936: 5910: 5874: 5837: 5818: 5771: 5745: 5701: 5665: 5631: 5603: 5567: 5528: 5497: 5487: 5465: 5439: 5432: 5403: 5393: 5359: 5318: 5278: 5272: 5246: 5216: 5190: 5157: 5128: 5095: 5081: 5034: 5015: 4944: 4904: 4857: 4800: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4765: 4761:federal cities 4735:The status of 4728: 4715: 4701: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4651: 4638: 4612: 4603: 4577: 4574: 4570:Gülen movement 4566:Anadolu Agency 4545:European Union 4529: 4526: 4508: 4505: 4496: 4493: 4463: 4460: 4432: 4429: 4396: 4393: 4350:member of the 4326:Samurai swords 4276: 4275: 4272: 4269: 4233: 4230: 4194: 4191: 4134: 4131: 4116:Sebastian Kurz 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4088: 4085: 4069:Jaish al-Fatah 4041:Syrian Turkmen 3993:Syrian Turkmen 3984: 3981: 3967: 3966: 3941:Svante Cornell 3921: 3920: 3901:Andrey Klishas 3892: 3889: 3804:Following the 3801: 3798: 3794:Erkin Alptekin 3765: 3762: 3754:Thomas de Waal 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3679:Devlet Bahçeli 3602: 3599: 3578:in Istanbul's 3531: 3528: 3518:, invaded the 3463:Kartal Demirağ 3458: 3455: 3432:Ege University 3373: 3370: 3350:Masoud Barzani 3345: 3342: 3288: 3285: 3283: 3280: 3263: 3260: 3252:Daniele Ganser 3220:Maraş massacre 3192: 3189: 3156: 3153: 3144: 3141: 3137:European Union 3091:Abdullah Çatlı 3063:anti-communist 3058:, the Turkish 3037: 3034: 3000: 2997: 2993:anti-communist 2965:Turkic peoples 2953:Turkic peoples 2829: 2826: 2773:(CDU) and the 2762: 2759: 2716: 2713: 2705:Devlet Bahçeli 2682:European Union 2550:Maraş massacre 2451: 2450: 2448: 2447: 2440: 2433: 2425: 2422: 2421: 2408: 2407: 2403: 2402: 2397: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2328:Third Position 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2288: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2264:Related topics 2263: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2209: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2189: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2134: 2129: 2124: 2119: 2114: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2043:Martin Webster 2040: 2035: 2030: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2010: 2008:Terry Tremaine 2005: 2003:Joseph Tommasi 2000: 1995: 1990: 1988:Antonio Tejero 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943:Miguel Serrano 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1918:Makoto Sakurai 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1883:Manfred Roeder 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1763:Charles Manson 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1695: 1690: 1688:Michael Kühnen 1685: 1680: 1678:Matthias Koehl 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1605: 1600: 1595: 1593:István Győrkös 1590: 1585: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1565: 1563:Payton Gendron 1560: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1530: 1525: 1523:Haakon Forwald 1520: 1515: 1510: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1480: 1478:Françoise Dior 1475: 1470: 1465: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1413:Richard Butler 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1318:Curtis Allgier 1314: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1290: 1285: 1280: 1275: 1273:Union Movement 1270: 1265: 1263:True Blue Crew 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1138:Northern Order 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 869: 868: 865: 864: 861: 860: 856: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 829: 828: 823: 813: 807: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 794: 793: 792: 791: 786: 779:Third Position 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 740: 739: 736: 735: 732: 731: 727: 726: 721: 716: 714:Anti-communism 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 605: 604: 599: 589: 584: 579: 573: 572: 569: 568: 565: 564: 556: 555: 549: 548: 536: 535: 521:European Union 511: 504: 503: 458: 454: 453: 431: 427: 426: 409: 405: 404: 402: 401: 398: 394: 392: 388: 387: 376: 372: 371: 369: 368: 361: 355: 354:(involvement) 348: 342: 335: 333:Çorum massacre 329: 323: 317: 315:Maraş massacre 311: 305: 299: 288: 287: 286: 284: 280: 279: 273:assassinations 266: 262: 261: 256: 250: 249: 247: 246: 244:Anti-communism 241: 236: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 172: 167: 159: 154: 152:Islamokemalism 149: 137: 136: 135: 133: 127: 126: 123:North Caucasus 99:Western Europe 88: 84: 83: 72: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 39: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15021: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15000: 14997: 14995: 14992: 14990: 14987: 14985: 14982: 14980: 14977: 14975: 14972: 14970: 14967: 14965: 14962: 14960: 14957: 14955: 14952: 14950: 14947: 14945: 14942: 14940: 14937: 14935: 14932: 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14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14503: 14501: 14495: 14489: 14488:Bülent Ecevit 14486: 14484: 14481: 14479: 14476: 14474: 14471: 14469: 14468:Meral Akşener 14466: 14464: 14461: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14453:Doğu Perinçek 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14403:Nejdet Sançar 14401: 14399: 14396: 14394: 14391: 14389: 14386: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14378:Ahmet Ağaoğlu 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14329: 14326: 14325: 14323: 14319: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14227: 14224: 14219: 14216: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14205: 14199: 14193: 14190: 14188: 14185: 14183: 14180: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14118: 14115: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14105: 14103: 14100: 14099: 14097: 14095:Organizations 14093: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14081:Turkification 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14001: 13997: 13993: 13986: 13981: 13979: 13974: 13972: 13967: 13966: 13963: 13956: 13951: 13947: 13946: 13936: 13932: 13929:(in German). 13928: 13924: 13920: 13916: 13910: 13907:. NYU Press. 13905: 13904: 13897: 13894: 13893:3-404-15411-8 13890: 13886: 13882: 13879: 13878:3-7609-0648-6 13875: 13872:. Köln 1981, 13871: 13867: 13866: 13853: 13849: 13843: 13836: 13829: 13822: 13818: 13812: 13808: 13801: 13800: 13795: 13794:Zürcher, E.J. 13791: 13790: 13769: 13765: 13761: 13755: 13739: 13735: 13731: 13727: 13721: 13705: 13701: 13700:The A.V. Club 13697: 13691: 13684: 13680: 13676: 13675: 13670: 13663: 13656: 13644: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13625: 13617: 13613: 13609: 13608: 13603: 13597: 13589: 13585: 13584: 13579: 13572: 13564: 13560: 13559: 13554: 13548: 13540: 13536: 13532: 13528: 13522: 13506: 13502: 13498: 13492: 13476: 13472: 13468: 13461: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13430: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13399: 13383: 13379: 13378: 13373: 13366: 13350: 13346: 13342: 13335: 13319: 13315: 13311: 13305: 13289: 13285: 13283:9789004281943 13279: 13275: 13274: 13266: 13258: 13252: 13248: 13244: 13237: 13221: 13217: 13210: 13194: 13190: 13186: 13179: 13163: 13159: 13155: 13148: 13132: 13128: 13124: 13120: 13119:Duran, Khalid 13116: 13115:Pipes, Daniel 13110: 13094: 13090: 13084: 13068: 13064: 13063: 13058: 13052: 13036: 13032: 13028: 13022: 13006: 13002: 13001: 12996: 12990: 12974: 12970: 12966: 12960: 12944: 12940: 12936: 12930: 12928: 12911: 12907: 12901: 12885: 12881: 12877: 12870: 12862: 12856: 12852: 12848: 12844: 12837: 12830: 12818: 12814: 12810: 12804: 12793: 12789: 12782: 12775: 12767: 12760: 12749: 12745: 12742:(in German). 12741: 12734: 12728: 12712: 12709:(in German). 12708: 12707: 12702: 12695: 12684: 12680: 12673: 12667: 12659: 12655: 12654: 12649: 12642: 12626: 12623:(in German). 12622: 12621: 12616: 12609: 12607: 12605: 12597: 12589: 12585: 12578: 12572: 12556: 12553:(in German). 12552: 12548: 12541: 12525: 12521: 12515: 12508: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12480: 12472: 12468: 12464: 12458: 12442: 12438: 12434: 12428: 12412: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12382: 12378: 12374: 12368: 12352: 12348: 12344: 12338: 12323: 12322: 12317: 12311: 12295: 12291: 12287: 12281: 12273: 12269: 12268: 12263: 12256: 12248: 12242: 12238: 12231: 12223: 12219: 12213: 12197: 12193: 12187: 12185: 12176: 12175: 12170: 12163: 12155: 12151: 12150: 12145: 12139: 12131: 12127: 12126: 12121: 12115: 12107: 12103: 12099: 12093: 12085: 12081: 12080: 12075: 12069: 12061: 12057: 12056: 12051: 12045: 12037: 12033: 12029: 12023: 12015: 12011: 12007: 12000: 11992: 11988: 11987: 11982: 11976: 11960: 11956: 11955: 11950: 11943: 11927: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11910: 11894: 11890: 11886: 11880: 11864: 11860: 11856: 11850: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11820: 11813: 11801: 11797: 11796: 11791: 11785: 11778: 11766: 11762: 11761: 11756: 11752: 11746: 11730: 11726: 11722: 11716: 11709: 11697: 11693: 11692: 11687: 11680: 11671: 11659: 11655: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11643: 11641: 11629: 11625: 11624: 11619: 11613: 11606: 11602: 11598: 11597: 11592: 11585: 11569: 11565: 11561: 11554: 11538: 11534: 11533: 11528: 11521: 11513: 11509: 11508: 11503: 11496: 11480: 11476: 11475: 11470: 11463: 11447: 11443: 11442: 11437: 11431: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11400: 11384: 11380: 11376: 11369: 11353: 11349: 11345: 11341: 11334: 11327: 11323: 11317: 11313: 11309: 11302: 11295: 11283: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11260: 11256: 11250: 11246: 11242: 11236: 11220: 11216: 11215: 11210: 11203: 11196: 11184: 11180: 11179: 11174: 11167: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11130: 11125: 11119: 11111: 11107: 11103: 11096: 11094: 11086: 11079: 11073: 11069: 11064: 11063: 11057: 11056:Goltz, Thomas 11051: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11030: 11026: 11022: 11018: 11012: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10977: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10952:ahvalnews.com 10949: 10943: 10936: 10924: 10920: 10919: 10914: 10908: 10892: 10888: 10887: 10882: 10876: 10860: 10856: 10852: 10846: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10816: 10805: 10801: 10794: 10787: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10762: 10757: 10750: 10734: 10730: 10726: 10725: 10720: 10714: 10707: 10695: 10691: 10687: 10681: 10674: 10671:Wes Johnson, 10668: 10660: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10634: 10617: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10587: 10580: 10564: 10560: 10559: 10554: 10548: 10532: 10528: 10527: 10522: 10516: 10505: 10501: 10494: 10487: 10471: 10467: 10461: 10454: 10442: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10426: 10419: 10411: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10391: 10385: 10378: 10374: 10368: 10364: 10357: 10341: 10337: 10333: 10327: 10320: 10316: 10309: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10283: 10276: 10272: 10266: 10262: 10258: 10254: 10248: 10240: 10234: 10226: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10204: 10198: 10182: 10178: 10177: 10172: 10166: 10158: 10154: 10153: 10148: 10141: 10125: 10121: 10117: 10110: 10094: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10046: 10030: 10026: 10022: 10015: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9969: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9953: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9921: 9905: 9901: 9900: 9895: 9888: 9881: 9869: 9865: 9864: 9859: 9853: 9846: 9833: 9829: 9828: 9827:The Economist 9823: 9817: 9810: 9798: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9781: 9773: 9769: 9765: 9764: 9759: 9752: 9736: 9732: 9731: 9726: 9720: 9712: 9708: 9707: 9702: 9696: 9680: 9676: 9675: 9670: 9654: 9650: 9646: 9639: 9623: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9602: 9590: 9586: 9585: 9580: 9573: 9565: 9561: 9560: 9555: 9549: 9533: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9517: 9501: 9497: 9493: 9486: 9478: 9472: 9469:. Routledge. 9468: 9467: 9459: 9451: 9447: 9440: 9424: 9420: 9413: 9402: 9398: 9391: 9385: 9369: 9365: 9364: 9359: 9352: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9322: 9306: 9302: 9301: 9296: 9290: 9274: 9270: 9269: 9264: 9257: 9249: 9245: 9244: 9239: 9233: 9226: 9222: 9216: 9212: 9206: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9175: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9144: 9137: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9083: 9077: 9070: 9058: 9054: 9053: 9048: 9042: 9035: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9006: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8963: 8957: 8949: 8945: 8944:Today's Zaman 8941: 8935: 8927: 8923: 8922: 8917: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8898: 8893: 8887: 8879: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8863: 8855: 8851: 8850: 8845: 8839: 8837: 8835: 8826: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8810: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8770: 8766: 8765: 8760: 8753: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8727: 8720: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8699: 8692: 8676: 8672: 8668: 8664: 8657: 8650: 8645: 8641: 8637: 8631: 8624: 8617: 8613: 8606: 8599: 8592: 8588: 8582: 8578: 8574: 8567: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8551: 8550:Today's Zaman 8546: 8542: 8536: 8529: 8525: 8519: 8515: 8510: 8509: 8500: 8493: 8481: 8477: 8476: 8471: 8467: 8461: 8453: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8427: 8418: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8400: 8393: 8391: 8389: 8380: 8374: 8370: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8352: 8344: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8323: 8315: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8294: 8278: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8259: 8252: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8212: 8208: 8202: 8186: 8182: 8175: 8168: 8164: 8160: 8156: 8150: 8142: 8138: 8137:Today's Zaman 8134: 8128: 8126: 8117: 8104: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8046: 8041: 8037: 8033: 8029: 8022: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8003:Jacoby, Tim. 7999: 7997: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7977: 7970: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7937: 7929: 7922: 7918: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7889: 7885: 7881: 7875: 7859: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7843: 7836: 7824: 7820: 7816: 7809: 7802: 7789: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7772: 7765: 7760: 7756: 7752: 7748: 7744: 7740: 7739: 7734: 7733:Tunander, Ola 7728: 7721: 7708: 7705:(in French). 7704: 7703: 7698: 7691: 7675: 7671: 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6793: 6786: 6774: 6770: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6738: 6730: 6726: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6704: 6692: 6688: 6687: 6682: 6676: 6669: 6665: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6605: 6603: 6586: 6582: 6575: 6567: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6544: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6501: 6499: 6495: 6494:Ülkü Ocakları 6489: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6472: 6466: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6433: 6425: 6423: 6419: 6418:Ülkü Ocakları 6413: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6392: 6390: 6382: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6334: 6333: 6328: 6322: 6315: 6310: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6289: 6281: 6277: 6274:(in German). 6273: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6246: 6245:Today's Zaman 6241: 6237: 6231: 6229: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6163: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6136: 6132: 6131: 6126: 6119: 6117: 6109: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6083: 6076: 6071: 6069: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6030: 6028: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6011: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5985: 5983: 5981: 5979: 5970: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5949: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5941: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5917: 5915: 5907: 5902: 5898: 5897: 5892: 5885: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5846: 5844: 5842: 5825: 5821: 5819:9780773531505 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5759: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5727: 5723: 5716: 5710: 5708: 5706: 5689: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5672: 5670: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5638: 5636: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5591: 5587: 5586: 5581: 5574: 5572: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5516: 5515:Today's Zaman 5511: 5507: 5501: 5494: 5490: 5488:9780833044570 5484: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5435: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5356: 5344: 5340: 5339: 5334: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5234: 5230: 5226: 5225:"Grey Wolves" 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Bruxelles: 4932: 4925: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4858:9781526459954 4854: 4850: 4846: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4796: 4792: 4791: 4786: 4780: 4776: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4743:is currently 4742: 4738: 4732: 4725: 4719: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4658: 4649: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4549: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4504: 4502: 4492: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4469: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4444:Mehmet Kaplan 4441: 4436: 4428: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4374: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4338: 4337:Serdar Yüksel 4334: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4310: 4307: 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3751: 3747: 3743: 3742:Heydar Aliyev 3738: 3735: 3734:Popular Front 3731: 3727: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3692: 3688: 3683: 3682:difference?" 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3661: 3657: 3654:who fled the 3653: 3649: 3648:Kahramanmaraş 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3629:Haghia Sophia 3626: 3621: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3605:According to 3598: 3596: 3592: 3591:Kars Province 3588: 3583: 3581: 3580:Taksim Square 3577: 3573: 3568: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3545: 3544:, in Turkey. 3543: 3539: 3538: 3527: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3489: 3487: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3429: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3398: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3383: 3379: 3369: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3334: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3238: 3234: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197:Amberin Zaman 3188: 3185: 3181: 3180: 3179:Schutzstaffel 3174: 3170: 3166: 3162: 3155:Early history 3152: 3150: 3147:According to 3140: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3080: 3077:in case of a 3076: 3073:, a plan for 3072: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3011: 3006: 2996: 2994: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2954: 2949: 2945: 2943: 2942: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2927: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2887: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2860: 2856:, writing in 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2825: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2795: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2776: 2772: 2767: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589:Turkish mafia 2586: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2477:Ülkü Ocakları 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2446: 2441: 2439: 2434: 2432: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2423: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2409: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2395: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2362: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2343:Radical right 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2292: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2261: 2260: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2133: 2130: 2128: 2125: 2123: 2120: 2118: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2103: 2102:Borghese coup 2100: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2038:Varg Vikernes 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1978:Rocky Suhayda 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1963:Otto Strasser 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:Otto Skorzeny 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1933:Gary Schipper 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1898:Fritz Rössler 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1813:Terry Nichols 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1768:Clark Martell 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1713:Lee Beom-seok 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1673:Yoshio Kodama 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1663:Jason Kessler 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1559: 1556: 1554: 1551: 1549: 1546: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1536: 1534: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1516: 1514: 1513:Bert Eriksson 1511: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1503:James Ellison 1501: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1469: 1468:Léon Degrelle 1466: 1464: 1463:Nathan Damigo 1461: 1459: 1456: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1428:Patrick Casey 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1369: 1366: 1364: 1361: 1359: 1356: 1354: 1351: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1338:Andrew Anglin 1336: 1334: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1284: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1274: 1271: 1269: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1244: 1241: 1239: 1236: 1234: 1231: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1208:Social Action 1206: 1204: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1189: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1179: 1176: 1174: 1173:Patriot Front 1171: 1169: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1064: 1061: 1059: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1046: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1031: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1023:Manson Family 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 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Retrieved 13764:the Guardian 13763: 13754: 13742:. Retrieved 13733: 13720: 13708:. Retrieved 13699: 13690: 13682: 13679:the original 13672: 13662: 13654: 13647:. Retrieved 13634: 13624: 13616:the original 13605: 13596: 13588:the original 13581: 13571: 13563:the original 13556: 13547: 13539:the original 13530: 13521: 13509:. Retrieved 13500: 13491: 13479:. Retrieved 13470: 13460: 13448:. Retrieved 13439: 13429: 13417:. Retrieved 13408: 13398: 13386:. Retrieved 13375: 13365: 13353:. Retrieved 13344: 13334: 13322:. Retrieved 13313: 13304: 13292:. Retrieved 13272: 13265: 13242: 13236: 13224:. Retrieved 13209: 13197:. Retrieved 13188: 13178: 13166:. Retrieved 13157: 13147: 13135:. Retrieved 13109: 13097:. Retrieved 13083: 13071:. Retrieved 13060: 13051: 13039:. Retrieved 13030: 13021: 13009:. Retrieved 12998: 12989: 12977:. Retrieved 12969:Radio Sweden 12968: 12959: 12947:. Retrieved 12938: 12914:. Retrieved 12900: 12888:. Retrieved 12884:the original 12879: 12869: 12846: 12843:Rubin, Barry 12836: 12828: 12821:. Retrieved 12803: 12792:the original 12774: 12759: 12748:the original 12740:bundestag.de 12739: 12727: 12715:. Retrieved 12704: 12694: 12683:the original 12678: 12666: 12658:the original 12651: 12641: 12629:. Retrieved 12618: 12594: 12588:the original 12571: 12559:. Retrieved 12550: 12540: 12528:. Retrieved 12523: 12514: 12506: 12499:. Retrieved 12488: 12479: 12471:the original 12466: 12457: 12445:. Retrieved 12427: 12415:. Retrieved 12406: 12397: 12385:. Retrieved 12367: 12355:. Retrieved 12346: 12337: 12325:. Retrieved 12319: 12310: 12298:. Retrieved 12280: 12272:the original 12265: 12255: 12236: 12230: 12221: 12212: 12200:. Retrieved 12177:(in French). 12172: 12162: 12154:the original 12149:De Standaard 12147: 12138: 12130:the original 12123: 12114: 12106:the original 12092: 12084:the original 12077: 12068: 12060:the original 12053: 12044: 12036:the original 12031: 12022: 12014:the original 11999: 11991:the original 11984: 11975: 11963:. Retrieved 11952: 11942: 11930:. Retrieved 11919: 11909: 11897:. Retrieved 11879: 11867:. Retrieved 11858: 11849: 11837:. Retrieved 11828: 11819: 11811: 11804:. Retrieved 11793: 11784: 11776: 11769:. Retrieved 11758: 11751:Kıvanç, Ümit 11745: 11733:. Retrieved 11715: 11707: 11700:. Retrieved 11689: 11679: 11669: 11662:. Retrieved 11651: 11639: 11632:. Retrieved 11628:the original 11621: 11612: 11604: 11601:the original 11594: 11584: 11572:. Retrieved 11563: 11553: 11543:17 September 11541:. Retrieved 11530: 11520: 11512:the original 11505: 11495: 11483:. Retrieved 11472: 11462: 11450:. Retrieved 11439: 11430: 11418:. Retrieved 11409: 11399: 11387:. 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