871:
847:
303:
859:
291:
1680:
1307:
318:
66:
568:
554:
540:
128:
25:
582:
1042:
795:
administered the territory in his name. For nine days in July 1810, Grand Duke
Napoleon Louis also ruled over the Kingdom of Holland in another personal union, but this was short-lived, and French troops moved into the kingdom and incorporated it into France.
1074:
1067:
1060:
1581:
740:
east of the Rhine river. Murat's arms combined the red lion of Berg with the Cleves arms. The anchor and the batons came to the party due to Murat's position as Grand
Admiral and as
870:
2029:
846:
609:
1574:
803:
which led to a series of revolts and uprisings. The grand duchy's short existence came to an end when the French forces pulled back in the course of the
2024:
1567:
302:
858:
2034:
467:
1292:
2054:
2019:
192:
164:
2049:
1679:
1052:
171:
145:
38:
744:. As the husband of Napoleon's sister, he also had the right to use the imperial eagle. On 12 July 1806, Murat joined the
1814:
1450:
1236:
317:
229:
211:
178:
109:
87:
52:
816:
799:
The state was in constant economic decline ever since its formation, this is in large part due to
Napoleon's failed
602:
80:
1947:
1530:
765:
290:
160:
1480:
1460:
1046:
772:
710:
149:
820:
757:
587:
2044:
1862:
1857:
1743:
1445:
1337:
1216:
1191:
1546:
1083:
965:
1925:
713:, separated the remaining Duchy of Berg from his other Bavarian territories and granted it to his cousin
1935:
1753:
1591:
1559:
1488:
1465:
1455:
1382:
1342:
745:
332:
1727:
1422:
1962:
1087:
686:
1628:
1417:
1900:
1893:
1722:
1367:
780:
430:
74:
44:
1397:
804:
729:
714:
380:
185:
138:
2039:
1957:
1888:
1493:
1470:
1362:
828:
91:
811:, which officially incorporated the former grand duchy according to the Final Act of the 1815
1910:
1883:
1748:
1701:
1407:
1377:
1206:
1135:
1082:
882:
792:
741:
706:
662:
1028:
1952:
1942:
1789:
1784:
1649:
1644:
1387:
1372:
1347:
1231:
1211:
1010:
698:
650:
939:
8:
1794:
1171:
1161:
717:
as administrator, whereby it came under the rule of a junior branch of the
Wittelsbachs.
654:
1867:
1618:
1509:
1440:
1352:
1282:
1221:
1181:
1176:
1166:
812:
808:
800:
788:
775:
but he kept grand duke in his title. Berg was at first directly ruled by
Napoleon in a
702:
387:
1277:
674:
1776:
1623:
1402:
1272:
1254:
1226:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1156:
1119:
950:
732:. On 15 March 1806, the French emperor put Berg under the rule of his brother-in-law
721:
1930:
1151:
1845:
1969:
1920:
1835:
1830:
1665:
1525:
1287:
1100:
1091:
784:
737:
725:
678:
630:
559:
444:
370:
356:
352:
271:
257:
1799:
824:
776:
753:
720:
In 1806, in the reorganization of
Germany occasioned by the dissolution of the
694:
573:
2013:
1915:
1905:
1840:
1809:
1392:
733:
690:
545:
406:
366:
924:
342:
1306:
771:
Murat eventually left the grand duchy in 1808 to take up his new title as
1804:
1503:
1264:
1246:
893:
642:
1589:
979:
749:
418:
903:
929:
127:
1852:
1603:
1318:
955:
898:
761:
646:
1412:
1329:
1129:
1111:
832:
1517:
1041:
984:
908:
1540:
1432:
1143:
960:
934:
919:
658:
752:. His lands were further enlarged by the annexation of the
689:
in 1794 had again separated the two duchies of Jülich and
2030:
Former states and territories of North Rhine-Westphalia
783:(1804–1831), the elder son of Napoleon's brother
779:. In 1809, Napoleon appointed his young nephew, Prince
715:
William of
Palatinate-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Gelnhausen
876:
Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1809–1813)
852:
Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1806–1808)
152:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1025:Napoleon's German Allies: Westfalia and Kleve-Berg
791:, as Grand Duke of Berg; French bureaucrats under
2011:
736:, including territories of the former Prussian
705:. In 1803, the heir of Palatinate-Neuburg, the
1575:
1068:
16:Client state of the French Empire (1806–1813)
263:
249:
728:, ceded Berg to Napoleon in return for the
468:Abolition of the Confederation of the Rhine
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1582:
1568:
1075:
1061:
693:, which since 1614 had both been ruled in
316:
1311:Europe at the height of Napoleon's Empire
831:. Today, the territory is part of modern
807:. The territory was then administered by
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
212:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:Learn how and when to remove this message
2025:States of the Confederation of the Rhine
73:This article includes a list of general
2012:
1008:
973:
947:
916:
890:
864:Seal of the Grand Duchy of Berg (1807)
764:and numerous minor territories of the
490:17,300 km (6,700 sq mi)
1563:
1056:
2035:Client states of the Napoleonic Wars
150:adding citations to reliable sources
121:
59:
18:
13:
1023:Otto von Pivka, Michael P. Roffe,
653:(1805) on territories between the
79:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2066:
1034:
819:, and the eastern territories of
34:This article has multiple issues.
2055:1813 disestablishments in Europe
2020:19th century in Germany by state
1678:
1305:
1040:
1012:Recueil des traites de la France
869:
857:
845:
838:
766:Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle
607:
580:
566:
552:
538:
301:
289:
126:
64:
23:
322:The Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812
137:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1002:
881:
817:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
639:Grand Duchy of Berg and Cleves
603:Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg
1:
2050:1806 establishments in Europe
1009:Clercq, Alexandre de (1864).
996:
673:The French annexation of the
7:
758:Prince-Bishopric of Münster
748:and assumed the title of a
724:, Maximilian I Joseph, now
10:
2071:
1592:Confederation of the Rhine
1343:Confederation of the Rhine
815:. Berg became part of the
746:Confederation of the Rhine
668:
333:Confederation of the Rhine
1982:
1876:
1823:
1775:
1766:
1736:
1710:
1694:
1687:
1676:
1658:
1637:
1611:
1599:
1539:
1516:
1502:
1479:
1431:
1328:
1317:
1303:
1263:
1245:
1142:
1128:
1110:
1099:
687:French Revolutionary wars
649:after his victory at the
517:
513:
503:
499:
494:
486:
481:
477:
464:
454:
450:
440:
436:
424:
412:
400:
396:
386:
376:
362:
348:
338:
327:
315:
285:
280:
244:
781:Napoleon Louis Bonaparte
1398:Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck
805:German campaign of 1813
760:, the Imperial city of
730:Principality of Ansbach
645:established in 1806 by
589:Principality of Münster
381:Constitutional monarchy
94:more precise citations.
829:Province of Westphalia
682:
634:
264:
250:
827:were merged into the
793:Pierre Louis Roederer
742:Marshal of the Empire
663:Kingdom of Westphalia
661:river and the German
637:), also known as the
349:Common languages
161:"Grand Duchy of Berg"
2045:Former grand duchies
1863:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1858:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1088:French Revolutionary
1049:at Wikimedia Commons
651:Battle of Austerlitz
641:, was a territorial
331:Member state of the
146:improve this article
1293:Swiss Confederation
1015:(in French). Amyot.
627:Grand Duchy of Berg
456:• Established
251:Grand-duché de Berg
246:Grand Duchy of Berg
1451:Lucca and Piombino
813:Congress of Vienna
801:Continental System
703:Palatinate-Neuburg
635:Großherzogtum Berg
265:Großherzogtum Berg
2005:
2004:
1978:
1977:
1762:
1761:
1674:
1673:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1456:Massa and Carrara
1301:
1300:
1045:Media related to
994:
993:
722:Holy Roman Empire
711:Maximilian Joseph
623:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
595:
594:
426:• 1809–1813
414:• 1808–1809
402:• 1806–1808
240:
239:
232:
222:
221:
214:
196:
120:
119:
112:
57:
2062:
1948:Schaumburg-Lippe
1773:
1772:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1609:
1608:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1326:
1325:
1312:
1309:
1108:
1107:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1017:
1016:
1006:
888:
887:
873:
861:
849:
611:
610:
599:
598:
590:
584:
583:
570:
569:
556:
555:
542:
541:
535:
534:
519:
518:
320:
305:
293:
275:
267:
261:
253:
242:
241:
235:
228:
217:
210:
206:
203:
197:
195:
154:
130:
122:
115:
108:
104:
101:
95:
90:this article by
81:inline citations
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1974:
1872:
1819:
1815:Weimar-Eisenach
1790:Gotha-Altenburg
1785:Coburg-Saalfeld
1768:
1758:
1732:
1706:
1683:
1670:
1654:
1633:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1558:
1549:
1535:
1512:
1498:
1475:
1427:
1321:
1313:
1310:
1297:
1259:
1241:
1138:
1124:
1102:
1095:
1092:Napoleonic Wars
1081:
1037:
1020:
1007:
1003:
999:
886:
877:
874:
865:
862:
853:
850:
841:
789:King of Holland
785:Louis Bonaparte
738:Duchy of Cleves
726:King of Bavaria
675:Duchy of Jülich
671:
608:
588:
581:
567:
560:Duchy of Cleves
553:
539:
506:
473:1 December 1813
470:
457:
445:Napoleonic Wars
427:
415:
403:
323:
311:
310:
309:
306:
298:
297:
294:
276:
269:
262:
255:
247:
236:
225:
224:
223:
218:
207:
201:
198:
155:
153:
143:
131:
116:
105:
99:
96:
86:Please help to
85:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1880:
1878:
1877:Principalities
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1795:Hildburghausen
1792:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1740:
1738:
1737:Principalities
1734:
1733:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1696:
1689:
1688:States created
1685:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1596:
1590:States of the
1587:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1315:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1116:
1114:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1036:
1035:External links
1033:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1018:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
991:
990:
989:
988:
987:
982:
972:
971:
970:
969:
968:
963:
958:
946:
945:
944:
943:
942:
937:
932:
927:
915:
914:
913:
912:
911:
906:
901:
885:
880:
879:
878:
875:
868:
866:
863:
856:
854:
851:
844:
840:
837:
777:Personal Union
773:king of Naples
754:County of Mark
695:personal union
670:
667:
621:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
605:
596:
593:
592:
585:
577:
576:
574:County of Mark
571:
563:
562:
557:
549:
548:
543:
531:
530:
525:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
496:
492:
491:
488:
484:
483:
479:
478:
475:
474:
471:
465:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
442:
441:Historical era
438:
437:
434:
433:
428:
425:
422:
421:
416:
413:
410:
409:
404:
401:
398:
397:
394:
393:
390:
384:
383:
378:
374:
373:
364:
360:
359:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
329:
325:
324:
321:
313:
312:
307:
300:
299:
295:
288:
287:
286:
283:
282:
278:
277:
248:
245:
238:
237:
220:
219:
134:
132:
125:
118:
117:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2067:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:House of Berg
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2008:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1963:Sondershausen
1961:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Lippe-Detmold
1909:
1907:
1906:Liechtenstein
1904:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:Other duchies
1822:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1777:Saxon duchies
1774:
1771:
1765:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1744:Aschaffenburg
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:Grand Duchies
1709:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:Grand Duchies
1636:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1600:Rank elevated
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1481:Mediterranean
1478:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Salm-Horstmar
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:Aschaffenburg
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1308:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:Client states
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1048:
1047:Duchy of Berg
1043:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1027:, p. 3;
1026:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1005:
1001:
986:
983:
981:
978:
977:
975:
974:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
952:
949:
948:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
921:
918:
917:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
892:
891:
889:
884:
872:
867:
860:
855:
848:
843:
842:
839:Coats of arms
836:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
797:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Joachim Murat
731:
727:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
685:) during the
684:
680:
676:
666:
664:
660:
656:
655:French Empire
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
606:
604:
601:
600:
597:
591:
586:
579:
578:
575:
572:
565:
564:
561:
558:
551:
550:
547:
546:Duchy of Berg
544:
537:
536:
533:
532:
529:
526:
524:
521:
520:
516:
512:
508:
502:
498:
493:
489:
485:
480:
476:
472:
469:
463:
460:15 March 1806
459:
453:
449:
446:
443:
439:
435:
432:
429:
423:
420:
417:
411:
408:
405:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
382:
379:
375:
372:
368:
365:
361:
358:
354:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
319:
314:
304:
292:
284:
279:
273:
266:
259:
252:
243:
234:
231:
216:
213:
205:
202:December 2023
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
177:
173:
170:
166:
163: –
162:
158:
157:Find sources:
151:
147:
141:
140:
135:This article
133:
129:
124:
123:
114:
111:
103:
100:December 2016
93:
89:
83:
82:
76:
71:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2007:
1884:Hohenzollern
1767:Pre-existing
1717:
1357:
1232:Transpadania
1029:Google Books
1024:
1011:
1004:
798:
770:
719:
672:
638:
626:
624:
528:Succeeded by
527:
522:
308:Coat of arms
226:
208:
199:
189:
182:
175:
168:
156:
144:Please help
139:verification
136:
106:
97:
78:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
1953:Schwarzburg
1894:Sigmaringen
1629:Württemberg
1594:(1806–1813)
1504:Netherlands
1418:Württemberg
1265:Switzerland
1247:Netherlands
1207:Parthenopea
1094:(1792–1815)
883:Departments
699:Wittelsbach
643:grand duchy
523:Preceded by
92:introducing
2014:Categories
1998:until 1811
1992:until 1809
1989:until 1810
1958:Rudolstadt
1931:Lobenstein
1754:Regensburg
1702:Westphalia
1466:Pontecorvo
1408:Westphalia
1383:Regensburg
1319:Napoleonic
1222:Subalpinia
1182:Cispadania
1177:Cisalpinia
997:References
980:Dillenburg
925:Düsseldorf
750:grand duke
495:Population
419:Napoleon I
388:Grand Duke
377:Government
367:Protestant
343:Düsseldorf
172:newspapers
75:references
39:improve it
1995:from 1809
1986:from 1810
1921:Ebersdorf
1889:Hechingen
1868:Oldenburg
1800:Meiningen
1723:Frankfurt
1368:Frankfurt
1322:creations
1227:Tiberinia
1103:republics
930:Elberfeld
701:dukes of
407:Joachim I
363:Religion
281:1806–1813
45:talk page
1901:Isenburg
1853:Arenberg
1836:Bernburg
1810:Eisenach
1728:Würzburg
1695:Kingdoms
1612:Kingdoms
1604:Napoleon
1423:Würzburg
1283:Rauracia
1273:Helvetia
1212:Piedmont
1136:Connacht
956:Dortmund
899:Coesfeld
762:Dortmund
709:elector
707:Bavarian
647:Napoleon
505:•
371:Catholic
1970:Waldeck
1936:Schleiz
1659:Duchies
1619:Bavaria
1510:Holland
1471:Tuscany
1441:Etruria
1413:Wetzlar
1353:Bavaria
1330:Germany
1278:Lemania
1255:Batavia
1197:Liguria
1172:Brescia
1167:Bologna
1162:Bergamo
1130:Ireland
1112:Germany
1086:of the
940:Mülheim
904:Münster
833:Germany
821:Münster
809:Prussia
697:by the
683:Juliers
669:History
657:at the
509:880,000
466:•
431:Louis I
339:Capital
186:scholar
88:improve
1846:Köthen
1841:Dessau
1831:Anhalt
1805:Weimar
1769:states
1666:Nassau
1624:Saxony
1531:Danzig
1526:Warsaw
1518:Poland
1461:Naples
1403:Saxony
1363:Erfurt
1288:Valais
1237:Venice
1157:Ancona
1101:Sister
985:Siegen
909:Lingen
756:, the
679:French
631:German
392:
357:French
353:German
328:Status
272:German
268:
258:French
254:
188:
181:
174:
167:
159:
77:, but
1926:Greiz
1916:Reuss
1749:Leyen
1650:Hesse
1645:Baden
1547:Spain
1541:Spain
1494:Egypt
1489:Malta
1446:Italy
1433:Italy
1378:Leyen
1373:Hesse
1348:Baden
1202:Lucca
1192:Italy
1187:Crema
1144:Italy
1120:Mainz
976:Sieg
961:Hagen
935:Essen
920:Rhine
659:Rhine
193:JSTOR
179:books
1943:Salm
1718:Berg
1388:Salm
1358:Berg
1217:Rome
1152:Alba
1090:and
966:Hamm
951:Ruhr
825:Mark
823:and
691:Berg
625:The
487:1811
482:Area
296:Flag
165:news
1602:by
894:Ems
148:by
2016::
835:.
787:,
768:.
681::
665:.
633::
369:,
355:,
48:.
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1076:e
1069:t
1062:v
677:(
629:(
274:)
270:(
260:)
256:(
233:)
227:(
215:)
209:(
204:)
200:(
190:·
183:·
176:·
169:·
142:.
113:)
107:(
102:)
98:(
84:.
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)
.svg)
.svg)