8294:, Motilal Banarsidass, pp. 92–93; Quote – "In Indian literature, especially in Mahabharata over and over again is heard the energetic cry – Each is alone. None belongs to anyone else, we are all but strangers to strangers; (...), none knows the other, the self belongs only to self. Man is born alone, alone he lives, alone he dies, alone he tastes the fruit of his deeds and his ways, it is only his work that bears him company. (...) Our body and spiritual organism is ever changing; what belongs, then, to us? (...) Thus, too, there is really no teacher or leader for anyone, each is his own Guru, and must go along the road to happiness alone. Only the self is the friend of man, only the self is the foe of man; from others nothing comes to him. Therefore, what must be done is to honor, to assert one's self..."; Quote – "(in parts of the epic), the most thoroughgoing egoism and individualism is stressed..."
86:
100:
8391:
8455:
180:
60:
7839:. There is thus no evidence that IIr. *dharman was a significant culture word during the Indo-Iranian period." (p. 449) "The origin of the concept of dharman rests in its formation. It is a Vedic, rather than an Indo-Iranian word, and a more recent coinage than many other key religious terms of the Vedic tradition. Its meaning derives directly from dhr 'support, uphold, give foundation to' and therefore 'foundation' is a reasonable gloss in most of its attestations." (p. 485).
4458:, according to Van Buitenen, is that which all existing beings must accept and respect to sustain harmony and order in the world. It is neither the act nor the result, but the natural laws that guide the act and create the result to prevent chaos in the world. It is innate characteristic, that makes the being what it is. It is, claims Van Buitenen, the pursuit and execution of one's nature and true calling, thus playing one's role in cosmic concert. In Hinduism, it is the
8318:, pp. 44–45; Quote – "(...)In the Epic, free will has the upper hand. Only when a man's effort is frustrated or when he is overcome with grief does he become a predestinarian (believer in destiny)."; Quote – "This association of success with the doctrine of free will or human effort (purusakara) was felt so clearly that among the ways of bringing about a king's downfall is given the following simple advice: 'Belittle free will to him, and emphasise destiny.
5145:
6003:
968:, but also spiritual maturity, a reverential attitude toward life, and includes the right conduct toward one's parents, siblings and children, the right conduct between husband and wife, and the conduct between biologically unrelated people. This rock inscription, concludes Paul Hacker, suggests dharma in India, about 2300 years ago, was a central concept and meant not only religious ideas, but ideas of right, of good, of one's duty toward the human community.
6542:
74:
344:
115:
5726:
6792:
904:
6931:
4393:
44:
663:, such as that which is established or firm, steadfast decree, statute, law, practice, custom, duty, right, justice, virtue, morality, ethics, religion, religious merit, good works, nature, character, quality, property. Yet, each of these definitions is incomplete, while the combination of these translations does not convey the total sense of the word. In common parlance,
1075:
4838:
accepting gifts from others. The five yama apply in action, speech and mind. In explaining yama, Patanjali clarifies that certain professions and situations may require qualification in conduct. For example, a fisherman must injure a fish, but he must attempt to do this with least trauma to fish and the fisherman must try to injure no other creature as he fishes.
5012:, the life of giving away all property, becoming a recluse and devotion to moksa, spiritual matters. Patrick Olivelle suggests that "ashramas represented life choices rather than sequential steps in the life of a single individual" and the vanaprastha stage was added before renunciation over time, thus forming life stages.
5070:
reaches a full circle. A land with less moral and lawful life suffers distress, and as distress rises it causes more immoral and unlawful life, which further increases distress. Those in power must follow the raja dharma (that is, dharma of rulers), because this enables the society and the individual
4837:
The five yamas, according to
Patanjali, are: abstain from injury to all living creatures, abstain from falsehood (satya), abstain from unauthorised appropriation of things-of-value from another (acastrapurvaka), abstain from coveting or sexually cheating on your partner, and abstain from expecting or
4481:
means for a Hindu to "expand the mind". Furthermore, it represents the direct connection between the individual and the societal phenomena that bind the society together. In the way societal phenomena affect the conscience of the individual, similarly may the actions of an individual alter the course
4964:
does not require any varnas. In practice, medieval India is widely believed to be a socially stratified society, with each social strata inheriting a profession and being endogamous. Varna was not absolute in Hindu dharma; individuals had the right to renounce and leave their Varna, as well as their
5102:
related literature (sutras, shastras); four of the sutras survive and these are now referred to as
Dharmasutras. Along with laws of Manu in Dharmasutras, exist parallel and different compendium of laws, such as the laws of Narada and other ancient scholars. These different and conflicting law books
5089:
as duty or propriety is found in India's ancient legal and religious texts. Common examples of such use are pitri dharma (meaning a person's duty as a father), putra dharma (a person's duty as a son), raj dharma (a person's duty as a king) and so forth. In Hindu philosophy, justice, social harmony,
5107:
in
Hinduism. These Dharmasutras include instructions on education of the young, their rites of passage, customs, religious rites and rituals, marital rights and obligations, death and ancestral rites, laws and administration of justice, crimes, punishments, rules and types of evidence, duties of a
4841:
The five niyamas (observances) are cleanliness by eating pure food and removing impure thoughts (such as arrogance or jealousy or pride), contentment in one's means, meditation and silent reflection regardless of circumstances one faces, study and pursuit of historic knowledge, and devotion of all
4637:
focus on continual renewal and realization of a ritual world through adherence to Vedic injunctions. They assert that the ultimate good is essentially inaccessible to perception and can only be understood through language, reflecting confidence in Vedic injunctions and the reality of language as a
809:
for example, where it becomes the cosmic law that links cause and effect through a subject. Dharma, in these ancient texts, also takes a ritual meaning. The ritual is connected to the cosmic, and "dharmani" is equated to ceremonial devotion to the principles that deities used to create order from
7204:
Trommsdorff, Gisela (2012), Development of "agentic" regulation in cultural context: the role of self and world views, Child
Development Perspectives, 6(1), pp. 19–26; Quote – "Neglect of one's duties (dharma – sacred duties toward oneself, the family, the community, and humanity) is seen as an
4736:
at the individual level in the Epics of
Hinduism; for example, on free will versus destiny, when and why human beings believe in either, the strong and prosperous naturally uphold free will, while those facing grief or frustration naturally lean towards destiny. The Epics of Hinduism illustrate
4708:. The value and appeal of the Mahabharata, according to Ingalls, is not as much in its complex and rushed presentation of metaphysics in the 12th book. Indian metaphysics, he argues, is more eloquently presented in other Sanskrit scriptures. Instead, the appeal of Mahabharata, like
6589:
in
Jainism is found in all its key texts. It has a contextual meaning and refers to a number of ideas. In the broadest sense, it means the teachings of the Jinas, or teachings of any competing spiritual school, a supreme path, socio-religious duty, and that which is the highest
5019:
enables the individual to satisfy the striving for stability and order, a life that is lawful and harmonious, the striving to do the right thing, be good, be virtuous, earn religious merit, be helpful to others, interact successfully with society. The other three strivings are
813:
Past the ritual and cosmic sense of dharma that link the current world to mythical universe, the concept extends to an ethical-social sense that links human beings to each other and to other life forms. It is here that dharma as a concept of law emerges in
Hinduism.
797:, then deliver and hold order from disorder, harmony from chaos, stability from instability – actions recited in the Veda with the root of word dharma. In hymns composed after the mythological verses, the word dharma takes expanded meaning as a
4728:, which falls between the two extremes, and who, claims Ingalls, symbolically reveals the finest moral qualities of man. The Epics of Hinduism are a symbolic treatise about life, virtues, customs, morals, ethics, law, and other aspects of
628:, English and French. The concept, claims Paul Horsch, has caused exceptional difficulties for modern commentators and translators. For example, while Grassmann's translation of Rig-Veda identifies seven different meanings of dharma,
1000:
in Rig-veda and later literature means illusion, fraud, deception, magic that misleads and creates disorder, thus is contrary to reality, laws and rules that establish order, predictability and harmony. Paul Horsch suggests Ṛta and
702:
designates human behaviours considered necessary for order of things in the universe, principles that prevent chaos, behaviours and action necessary to all life in nature, society, family as well as at the individual level.
4633:, emphasizes "the desire to know dharma" as the central concern, defining dharma as what connects a person with the highest good, always yet to be realized. While some schools associate dharma with post-mortem existence,
5825:
in Pali) particularly as "the dharma", generally means the teachings of the Buddha, commonly known throughout the East as
Buddhadharma. It includes especially the discourses on the fundamental principles (such as the
9182:
198:
into
English (or other European languages), it is understood as reference to behaviours which are in harmony with the "order and custom" that sustain life; "virtue", or "religious and moral duties". The antonym of
4681:
in
Ramayana. Each episode of Ramayana presents life situations and ethical questions in symbolic terms. The issue is debated by the characters, and finally the right prevails over wrong, the good over evil.
821:, in later Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and the Epics; the word dharma also plays a central role in the literature of other Indian religions founded later, such as Buddhism and Jainism. According to Brereton,
785:
created the universe from chaos, they hold (dhar-) the earth and sun and stars apart, they support (dhar-) the sky away and distinct from earth, and they stabilise (dhar-) the quaking mountains and plains.
4900:
with the help of one's teacher. Second, observing the behaviour and example of good people. The third source applies when neither one's education nor example exemplary conduct is known. In this case, "
6651:
A right believer should constantly meditate on virtues of dharma, like supreme modesty, in order to protect the Self from all contrary dispositions. He should also cover up the shortcomings of others.
8462:
8460:
8458:
7010:: "In Hinduism, dharma is a fundamental concept, referring to the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order."
8396:
8394:
181:
8279:
There is considerable amount of literature on dharma-related discussion in Hindu Epics: of Egoism versus Altruism, Individualism versus Social Virtues and Tradition; for examples, see:
5032:– the striving for spiritual meaning, liberation from life-rebirth cycle, self-realisation in this life, and so forth. The four stages are neither independent nor exclusionary in Hindu
8346:
4574:
continues as universal principle of law, order, harmony, and truth. It acts as the regulatory moral principle of the Universe. It is explained as law of righteousness and equated to
6635:) with referring to ten righteous virtues: forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, purity, truthfulness, self-restraint, austerity, renunciation, non-attachment, and celibacy.
707:
encompasses ideas such as duty, rights, character, vocation, religion, customs and all behaviour considered appropriate, correct or morally upright. For further context, the word
655:
is "dhr̥", which means "to support, hold, or bear". It is the thing that regulates the course of change by not participating in change, but that principle which remains constant.
5059:– moral and lawful life. In times of distress, of drought, of poverty, everything suffers including relations between human beings and the human ability to live according to
5047:
being necessary for individual and society, is dependent on poverty and prosperity in a society, according to Hindu dharma scriptures. For example, according to Adam Bowles,
11312:
470:, with a range of meanings encompassing "something established or firm" (in the literal sense of prods or poles). Figuratively, it means "sustainer" and "supporter" (of
4454:
includes the religious duties, moral rights and duties of each individual, as well as behaviours that enable social order, right conduct, and those that are virtuous.
8684:
Derrett, J. D. M. (1959), "Bhu-bharana, bhu-palana, bhu-bhojana: an Indian conundrum", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 22, pp. 108–123.
8304:
Ganeri, J. (2010), A Return to the Self: Indians and Greeks on Life as Art and Philosophical Therapy, Royal Institute of Philosophy supplement, 85(66), pp. 119–135.
6836:
movement in Western culture, which has incorporated certain Sikh beliefs, defines Sikh Dharma broadly as all that constitutes religion, moral duty and way of life.
4778:
Dharma from words one speaks or writes: satya (truth and facts), hitavacana (talking with good intention), priyavacana (gentle, kind talk), svadhyaya (self-study)
4447:
and its parts. It refers to the order and customs which make life and universe possible, and includes behaviours, rituals, rules that govern society, and ethics.
5901:
of Buddhism in which practitioners of Buddhism seek refuge, or that upon which one relies for his or her lasting happiness. The Three Jewels of Buddhism are the
678:
depends on the context, and its meaning has evolved as ideas of Hinduism have developed through history. In the earliest texts and ancient myths of Hinduism,
7328:
7715:
5055:
through water. Waters come from rains, it claims; when rains are abundant there is prosperity on the earth, and this prosperity enables people to follow
4600:); Therefore, when a man speaks the Truth, they say, "He speaks the Dharma"; and if he speaks Dharma, they say, "He speaks the Truth!" For both are one.
613:, as the word has a long and varied history and straddles a complex set of meanings and interpretations. There is no equivalent single-word synonym for
1009:
are also correlative concepts, the former being that which corrupts law and moral life, the later being that which strengthens law and moral life.
7543:
Monier-Williams: A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Etymological and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages
7590:, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 423–448; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Horsch, Paul, (1967) "Vom Schoepfungsmythos zum Weltgesetz",
5845:
is regarded variably by different Buddhist traditions. Some regard it as an ultimate truth, or as the fount of all things which lie beyond the "
659:, the widely cited resource for definitions and explanation of Sanskrit words and concepts of Hinduism, offers numerous definitions of the word
5207:
232:—the "order and custom" that makes life and universe possible. This includes duties, rights, laws, conduct, virtues and "right way of living".
4781:
Adharma of mind: paradroha (ill will to anyone), paradravyabhipsa (covetousness), nastikya (denial of the existence of morals and religiosity)
8343:
7622:; "...the order and custom which make life and a universe possible, and thus to the behaviours appropriate to the maintenance of that order".
7586:
English translated version by Jarrod Whitaker: Horsch, Paul, (December 2004) "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma",
4443:
that applies to human beings in solitude, in their interaction with human beings and nature, as well as between inanimate objects, to all of
4704:, who is told he may not enter paradise with such an animal. Yudhishthira refuses to abandon his companion, for which he is then praised by
10906:
10059:
9336:
Conlon, Frank F. (1994). "Hindu revival and Indian womanhood: The image and status of women in the writings of Vishnubawa Brahamachari".
736:
includes and implies many ideas; in common parlance, adharma means that which is against nature, immoral, unethical, wrong or unlawful.
9974:
4956:
texts and Smritis differ from Manusmriti on the nature and structure of Varnas. Yet, other texts question the very existence of varna.
4769:
Adharma of body: hinsa (violence), steya (steal, theft), pratisiddha maithuna (sexual indulgence with someone other than one's partner)
8185:
4712:, lies in its presentation of a series of moral problems and life situations, where there are usually three answers: one answer is of
4969:
of life, in search of moksa. While neither Manusmriti nor succeeding Smritis of Hinduism ever use the word varnadharma (that is, the
1123:
11001:
4981:
with varna system of India. In 6th century India, even Buddhist kings called themselves "protectors of varnasramadharma" – that is,
4908:
in Hinduism, that is the good person reflects and follows what satisfies his heart, his own inner feeling, what he feels driven to.
11287:
4775:
Adharma from words one speaks or writes: mithya (falsehood), parusa (caustic talk), sucana (calumny) and asambaddha (absurd talk)
3300:
1886:
432:(firm, stable). From this, it takes the meaning of "what is established or firm", and hence "law". It is derived from an older
11292:
11266:
10000:
9854:
9703:
9682:
9584:
9452:
9411:
9368:
9250:
9153:
9126:
9099:
9048:
9027:
9002:
8978:
8945:
8882:
8855:
8672:
8611:
8339:
8163:
8040:
8002:
7957:
7860:
7660:
7550:
7493:
7275:
7140:
7601:, Volume 34, Issue 5, pp. 479–496; Original peer reviewed publication in German: Paul Hacker, (1965) "Dharma im Hinduismus"
5008:
or aranyaka, the life of the forest-dweller, transitioning from worldly occupations to reflection and renunciation, and (4)
667:
means "right way of living" and "path of rightness". Dharma also has connotations of order, and when combined with the word
11317:
7006:
3179:
698:, the meaning became refined, richer, and more complex, and the word was applied to diverse contexts. In certain contexts,
4596:
Nothing is higher than dharma. The weak overcomes the stronger by dharma, as over a king. Truly that dharma is the Truth (
11327:
10016:
8266:
6980:
4665:
costs him dearly. In Hindu Epics, the good, morally upright, law-abiding king is referred to as "dharmaraja". Similarly,
942:
908:
556:
548:
4716:, which represents brute force, an individual angle representing materialism, egoism, and self; the second answer is of
4466:
is the need for, the effect of and essence of service and interconnectedness of all life. This includes duties, rights,
8563:
Kane, P.V. (1962), History of Dharmasastra (Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India), Volume 1, pp. 2–10.
5943:
Buddhism obtaining ultimate realisation of the dhamma is achieved in three phases; learning, practising and realising.
5756:
5202:
5159:
4423:
4056:
9873:
9797:
9661:
9433:
9072:
8371:
8291:
8225:
7934:
6572:
6526:
6027:
4853:
is an empirical and experiential inquiry for every man and woman, according to some texts of Hinduism. For example,
1005:
are parallel concepts, the former being a cosmic principle, the latter being of moral social sphere; while Māyā and
7335:
4462:
of the bee to make honey, of cow to give milk, of sun to radiate sunshine, of river to flow. In terms of humanity,
85:
10467:
8514:
Thapar, R. (1995), The first millennium BC in northern India, Recent perspectives of early Indian history, 80–141.
6353:
711:
is often used in its place, defined as dharma specifically related to the stage of life one is in. The concept of
10052:
7667:
7626:
4772:
Dharma of body: dana (charity), paritrana (succor of the distressed) and paricarana (rendering service to others)
4765:
is not merely in one's actions, but also in words one speaks or writes, and in thought. According to Vātsyāyana:
3209:
2040:
552:
10107:
5927:
in a specific context in relation to transmission of authentic doctrine, understanding and bodhi; recognised in
10399:
9529:
8151:
7358:
Dhand, Arti (17 December 2002). "The Dharma of Ethics, the Ethics of Dharma: Quizzing the Ideals of Hinduism".
5834:), as opposed to the parables and to the poems. The Buddha's teachings explain that in order to end suffering,
5098:
is a record of these guidelines and rules. The available evidence suggest India once had a large collection of
4692:
is central, and it is presented through symbolism and metaphors. Near the end of the epic, Yama referred to as
1160:
879:, also meaning the "eternal Law" or "religion", is related to Sanskrit "dharma". Ideas in parts overlapping to
7173:, "Chapter 3"; Quote – "Rites of passage are dharma in action."; "Rites of passage, a category of rituals,..."
7114:, 32(5), pp. 671–685; Quote – "virtues enter the general topic of dharma as 'common, or general, dharma', ..."
5871:) that the Buddha gave to various types of people, based upon their individual propensities and capabilities.
4650:, places major emphasis on individual practical morality. In the Sanskrit epics, this concern is omnipresent.
4482:
of the society, for better or for worse. This has been subtly echoed by the credo धर्मो धारयति प्रजा: meaning
11101:
10031:
5685:
5380:
2633:
632:
in his translation of the Rig-Veda employs 20 different translations for dharma, including meanings such as "
364:
165:
9968:
11201:
10800:
9541:
7968:
Northrop, F. S. C. (1949), "Naturalistic and cultural foundations for a more effective international law",
5630:
5405:
5365:
5117:
3189:
3129:
1109:
933:
in ancient India meant spiritual maturity, devotion, piety, duty towards and reverence for human community.
829:; in addition, words related to Dharman also appear in Rig-veda, for example once as dharmakrt, 6 times as
761:
7023:
was retained by the Buddha to refer to phenomena or things. However, he was always careful to define this
1732:
520:
9954:
7725:
5882:
have developed to help explain and to expand upon the Buddha's teachings. For others still, they see the
4661:
morally requires of him, the King agrees and does accordingly even though his compliance with the law of
4359:
4250:
2860:
964:
Scholars of Hellenistic Greece explain eusebeia as a complex concept. Eusebia means not only to venerate
11307:
10680:
8452:; For an English Translation, see Ganganatha Jha (tr.) (1924), Bibliotheca Indica, Work No. 161, Vol. 1.
6773:
to mean motion and to refer to an ontological sub-category is peculiar to Jainism, and not found in the
5024:– the striving for means of life such as food, shelter, power, security, material wealth, and so forth;
296:
indicates the path of righteousness, proper religious practices, and performing one's own moral duties.
10770:
10665:
10045:
9196:
6914:, a Jain text of the post-Sangam period, follows a similar pattern as that of the Kural in emphasizing
4378:
4049:
3953:
2900:
2569:
2254:
1566:
1020:, as the idea developed in ancient India over time in a nonlinear manner. The following verse from the
10625:
10022:
7401:
4868:
do not go around saying, "That is us." Neither do gods, nor gandharvas, nor ancestors declare what is
4818:; the elements of Hindu dharma are the attributes, qualities and aspects of yoga. Patanjali explained
4545:, an epoch or age as established by Hindu tradition and thus may change at the conclusion of its time.
2895:
620:
There have been numerous, conflicting attempts to translate ancient Sanskrit literature with the word
356:
288:(Jina) and the body of doctrine pertaining to the purification and moral transformation of humans. In
10946:
10532:
10102:
8814:
6388:
6306:
6278:
5505:
4647:
4355:
4001:
3119:
2855:
1143:
1128:
444:
215:
5315:
1796:
10586:
10569:
10166:
6521:
5886:
as referring to the "truth", or the ultimate reality of "the way that things really are" (Tibetan:
5510:
5460:
4977:
of varnas and asramas), the scholarly commentary on Manusmriti use these words, and thus associate
4794:
4605:
4589:
3911:
3904:
3883:
3592:
3482:
3454:
3184:
2074:
1861:
954:
10630:
7043:), in an ontological sense, the Buddha utilised the conception of result or consequence or fruit (
6107:
1836:
1752:
1016:
is a manifestation of Ṛta, but suggests Ṛta may have been subsumed into a more complex concept of
996:
principle which regulates and coordinates the operation of the universe and everything within it.
10846:
10826:
10516:
10208:
9006:
8577:
8177:
7776:
6888:, a text probably of Jain or Hindu origin, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on
5670:
4126:
3339:
3244:
3169:
2350:
2272:
1165:
1133:
20:
7329:"How did the 'Ramayana' and 'Mahabharata' come to be (and what has 'dharma' got to do with it)?"
2312:
11126:
11091:
10527:
10252:
9089:
7946:
7772:
7528:
6428:
5749:
5485:
5470:
5450:
5375:
5370:
5285:
5192:
4416:
4325:
4255:
4091:
3720:
3489:
3149:
2050:
1727:
682:
meant cosmic law, the rules that created the universe from chaos, as well as rituals; in later
629:
10543:
9594:
Horsch, Paul (December 2004). "From Creation Myth to World Law: the Early History of Dharma".
9574:
9062:
8872:
8217:
7850:
11302:
10304:
9964:
9883:
9143:
8968:
8283:
7345:
6565:
5690:
5680:
5635:
4949:
4365:
4343:
4233:
4098:
3671:
3279:
3159:
2562:
2548:
1716:
848:
7396:
6728:
4784:
Dharma of mind: daya (compassion), asprha (disinterestedness), and sraddha (faith in others)
1711:
218:(1500–500 BCE), and its meaning and conceptual scope has evolved over several millennia. In
11322:
10690:
9187:
5831:
5700:
5660:
5655:
5620:
5465:
5345:
5253:
5238:
5182:
5154:
4896:, are: First, learning historical knowledge such as Vedas, Upanishads, the Epics and other
4625:
4351:
4347:
4339:
4228:
3890:
3468:
3438:
3269:
3174:
3070:
2800:
2694:
856:
756:
260:
10346:
8771:
Leave Space for the Practice of Abortion and are Upheld by Contemporary Japanese Buddhist
5015:
The four stages of life complete the four human strivings in life, according to Hinduism.
8:
11036:
10976:
10750:
10324:
10248:
10082:
9937:
7597:
English translated version by Donald R. Davis: Paul Hacker, (2006) "Dharma in Hinduism",
6471:
6022:
5928:
5879:
5798:
5710:
5665:
5603:
5543:
5480:
5425:
5420:
5175:
5164:
5048:
4917:
4897:
4383:
4276:
4112:
3643:
3505:
3249:
3139:
3124:
3030:
2970:
2935:
2835:
2415:
2327:
1946:
1605:
1216:
1118:
1089:
264:
106:
10911:
10645:
10171:
9807:
Potter, Karl H. (Apr–Jul 1958). "Dharma and Mokṣa from a Conversational Point of View".
8448:
Kumarila Bhatta, Tantravarttika, Anandasramasamskrtagranthavalih, Vol. 97, pp. 204–205.
6712:
5028:– the striving for sex, desire, pleasure, love, emotional fulfilment, and so forth; and
4619:
2516:
1706:
805:. It evolves into a concept, claims Paul Horsch, that has a dynamic functional sense in
11297:
10550:
10361:
10191:
9903:
9824:
9773:
9730:
9640:
9611:
9558:
9508:
9479:
9324:
9208:
8218:
The Mahābhārata: Vol. 7, Book 11: The Book of Women; Book 12: The Book of Peace, Part 1
7072:) are born with a number of debts, hence through common moral duties prescribed in the
6880:
6017:
5915:, meaning the community of practitioners who provide one another guidance and support.
5695:
5675:
5615:
5610:
5498:
5400:
5393:
5320:
5310:
5217:
4750:
4305:
4291:
4010:
3535:
3431:
3259:
3239:
3234:
3229:
2830:
2596:
2467:
2079:
1965:
993:
798:
695:
309:
10891:
10561:
10394:
9245:(in Tamil and English) (1st ed.). Chennai: Unique Media Integrators. p. 55.
7146:
Harvey, Mark (1986), The Secular as Sacred?, Modern Asian Studies, 20(2), pp. 321–331.
5838:, or the right thoughts, understanding, actions and livelihood, should be cultivated.
4497:
866:
period. Instead, it was primarily developed more recently under the Vedic tradition.
10941:
10921:
10876:
10745:
10522:
10498:
10491:
10068:
9996:
9869:
9850:
9793:
9777:
9765:
9699:
9678:
9657:
9580:
9525:
9483:
9448:
9429:
9407:
9364:
9328:
9316:
9246:
9212:
9149:
9122:
9095:
9068:
9044:
9023:
8998:
8974:
8941:
8878:
8851:
8792:
8668:
8607:
8367:
8335:
8287:
8229:
8221:
8159:
8036:
7998:
7953:
7930:
7856:
7656:
7546:
7489:
7375:
7271:
7136:
6906:
6845:
6825:
6684:
6257:
6201:
6196:
6137:
6125:
6057:
5912:
5906:
5827:
5742:
5640:
5625:
5430:
5305:
5248:
5212:
5197:
5128:
4581:
4409:
4315:
4284:
4240:
3897:
3848:
3783:
3542:
3528:
3274:
3199:
3020:
2980:
2975:
2965:
2805:
2501:
2435:
2030:
1767:
1058:
586:
327:
195:
174:
160:
11206:
10241:
6704:
6152:
4921:
2880:
2287:
1574:
237:
11146:
10780:
10715:
10503:
10437:
10366:
10147:
10139:
9990:
9928:
9924:
9895:
9816:
9785:
9755:
9722:
9632:
9603:
9550:
9500:
9471:
9390:
9345:
9308:
9200:
8784:
8061:
7532:
7367:
7249:
6808:
6601:
6558:
6481:
6466:
6456:
6360:
6087:
6072:
6067:
6062:
5986:
5977:
5878:, but also to the later traditions of interpretation and addition that the various
5705:
5650:
5580:
5570:
5435:
4191:
4153:
4133:
4084:
4033:
3932:
3727:
3713:
3664:
3607:
3154:
2810:
2729:
2480:
2400:
2025:
1451:
1305:
1202:
950:
590:
560:
390:
376:
278:
187:
136:
10725:
9760:
9743:
9475:
8366:
Klostermaier, Klaus. Chapter 3: "Hindu dharma", A survey of Hinduism, SUNY Press,
7812:
P. Thieme, Gedichte aus dem Rig-Veda, Reclam Universal-Bibliothek Nr. 8930, p. 52.
7229:
3569:
99:
11096:
10966:
10841:
10740:
10416:
10334:
10309:
10231:
9693:
9672:
9570:
9358:
9116:
8935:
8845:
8350:
8262:
7898:
6942:
to Indian civilization is illustrated by India's decision in 1947 to include the
6546:
6461:
6330:
6316:
6039:
5730:
5645:
5445:
5355:
5300:
4989:
4966:
4754:
4528:
4508:
4397:
4320:
4268:
4077:
3981:
3925:
3862:
3678:
3579:
3475:
3224:
3204:
3075:
2950:
2930:
2850:
2541:
2527:
2425:
2405:
2368:
1960:
1955:
1682:
1561:
1525:
1470:
1465:
1292:
851:
parallels for "dharma" are known, but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian
625:
19:
This article is about the concept found in Indian religions. For other uses, see
11186:
10257:
5295:
2089:
1841:
1542:
11171:
11121:
11111:
10760:
10655:
10537:
10480:
10450:
10319:
10092:
10027:
9443:
Flood, Gavin (1998). "Chapter 2, Making moral decisions". In Paul Bowen (ed.).
9118:
Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present
8788:
7592:
Asiatische Studien: Zeitschrift der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Asiankunde
7201:, 25(2), pp. 161–173; Quote – "Dharma pointed to duty, and specified duties..";
6875:
6733:), the latter consisting of five categories: inert non-sentient atomic matter (
6395:
6381:
6367:
6346:
6211:
6157:
6097:
6052:
5859:). Others, who regard the Buddha as simply an enlightened human being, see the
5590:
5520:
5475:
5333:
4893:
4310:
4119:
3967:
3618:
3512:
3461:
3264:
3090:
3010:
2960:
2945:
2910:
2865:
2762:
2534:
2395:
2277:
2226:
2211:
2191:
2155:
2084:
1866:
1821:
1772:
1530:
1155:
957:, on the rock appears a Greek rendering for the Sanskrit word dharma: the word
946:
892:
876:
744:
488:
433:
304:
11156:
10341:
10272:
9607:
9554:
9349:
9312:
9204:
9183:"Corruption and Redemption: The Legend of Valluvar and Tamil Literary History"
6374:
1912:
1692:
1623:
1138:
16:
Key concept in Indian philosophy and Eastern religions, with multiple meanings
11281:
10620:
10593:
10456:
10443:
10430:
10384:
10329:
9769:
9394:
9378:
9320:
7379:
7128:
6943:
6241:
6206:
6171:
6012:
5924:
5778:
5415:
5410:
5350:
5095:
4721:
4623:, developed through commentaries on its foundational texts, particularly the
3974:
3939:
3876:
3822:
3815:
3776:
3769:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3657:
3601:
3219:
3164:
3144:
3134:
3114:
3085:
2995:
2785:
2780:
2770:
2719:
2641:
2555:
2388:
2337:
2236:
2171:
2010:
1777:
1231:
965:
938:
912:
863:
802:
790:
531:
471:
368:
252:
10198:
9742:
Kumar, Shailendra; Choudhury, Sanghamitra (2021) . Meissner, Richard (ed.).
9522:
A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English
7831:(cf. Wennerberg 1981: 95f.), but the only Iranian equivalent is Old Persian
7371:
6742:
6339:
5555:
5360:
2955:
2714:
1922:
1917:
59:
11166:
11066:
11051:
10785:
10615:
10423:
10356:
10236:
10216:
10097:
8796:
8331:
8269:
from the original on Jan 13, 2024 – via Internet Sacred Text Archive.
7110:
Fitzgerald, James (2004), "Dharma and its Translation in the Mahābhārata",
6948:
6516:
6246:
6216:
6077:
6047:
5898:
5846:
5455:
5340:
5258:
5144:
4997:
4717:
4701:
3946:
3855:
3762:
3755:
3748:
3734:
3392:
3214:
3050:
3045:
3005:
2915:
2905:
2875:
2845:
2775:
2679:
2601:
2332:
2297:
2221:
2196:
2125:
1975:
1826:
1618:
1613:
1512:
1499:
1494:
648:
in English, and is included in all modern unabridged English dictionaries.
121:
10186:
9845:
Rocher, Ludo (2003). "Chapter 4, The Dharmasastra". In Gavin Flood (ed.).
8574:
The Asrama System: The history and hermeneutics of a religious institution
7651:
Johannes Heesterman (1978). "Veda and Dharma", in W. D. O'Flaherty (ed.),
6642:
6636:
2150:
497:
464:
11246:
11136:
11116:
10886:
10710:
10670:
10660:
10462:
10277:
10161:
9491:
Goodwin, William F. (Jan 1955). "Ethics and Value in Indian Philosophy".
9421:
8964:
8750:
8737:
Lariviere, Richard W. (2003), The Naradasmrti, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
8523:
Trautmann, Thomas R. (Jul 1964), "On the Translation of the Term Varna",
8233:
6774:
6506:
6402:
6288:
6236:
6092:
5855:
5525:
5005:
4930:
for society and at the individual level. Of these, the most cited one is
4686:
4534:
4017:
3741:
3634:
3564:
3377:
3331:
3292:
3194:
3035:
3025:
2890:
2754:
2744:
2613:
2608:
2511:
2410:
2302:
2292:
2262:
2231:
2140:
1907:
1721:
1644:
1636:
1438:
1207:
916:
806:
492:
285:
11081:
9615:
9562:
5009:
1036:
O Indra, lead us on the path of Rta, on the right path over all evils...
11196:
11176:
11086:
11041:
11016:
10956:
10951:
10901:
10821:
10795:
10730:
10556:
10509:
10314:
10262:
9907:
9828:
9744:"Ancient Vedic Literature and Human Rights: Resonances and Dissonances"
9734:
9644:
9512:
6970:
6851:
6701:(substance or a reality). In the Jain tradition, existence consists of
6438:
6433:
6283:
6273:
6268:
6176:
6147:
6102:
5902:
5875:
5786:
5530:
5290:
5187:
4932:
4842:
actions to the Supreme Teacher to achieve perfection of concentration.
4567:
4063:
4024:
3988:
3869:
3808:
3415:
3407:
3318:
3095:
2870:
2820:
2674:
2664:
2430:
2378:
2307:
2216:
2145:
2135:
2130:
1902:
1677:
1654:
1649:
1378:
1178:
1041:
687:
504:
10486:
6695:
and soteriological meaning in Jainism, as a part of its theory of six
6002:
5004:, the life of the householder with family and other social roles, (3)
11221:
11056:
10881:
10856:
10775:
10735:
10720:
10675:
10473:
10267:
8693:
8064:". Encyclopædia Britannica, 18 Jun. 2009. Accessed 14 September 2021.
7197:
Creel, Austin (1975), "The Reexamination of Dharma in Hindu Ethics",
6965:
6911:
6606:
6511:
6501:
6476:
6311:
6263:
6142:
5950:
5940:
5806:
5575:
5550:
5080:
5001:
4901:
4854:
4815:
4724:, social virtue, and tradition; the third answer is of introspective
4678:
4570:
and later ancient scripts of Hinduism. In Upanishads, the concept of
4514:
4173:
4105:
4042:
3960:
3792:
3363:
3323:
3254:
3100:
3065:
3015:
2985:
2920:
2840:
2739:
2709:
2689:
2373:
2317:
2282:
2267:
2186:
2181:
2163:
1489:
1403:
1334:
1273:
997:
862:, suggesting that the word "dharma" did not play a major role in the
817:
Dharma and related words are found in the oldest Vedic literature of
743:
incorporates the teachings and doctrines of the founder of Buddhism,
640:", "custom", "quality", and "model", among others. However, the word
343:
274:
10221:
10037:
9899:
9820:
9726:
9636:
9504:
9039:
Dusenbery, Verne (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),
4940:, their rights and duties. Most texts of Hinduism, however, discuss
1970:
571:
564:
11216:
11106:
11046:
10996:
10991:
10836:
10831:
10790:
10755:
10705:
10640:
10635:
10389:
10226:
9956:
Sanatana Dharma: an advanced text book of Hindu religion and Ethics
9296:
8993:
Rinehart, Robin (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),
7925:
Holdrege, Barbara (2004), "Dharma" in: Mittal & Thursby (eds.)
6934:
The wheel in the centre of India's flag symbolises Ashoka's dhamma.
6692:
6541:
6251:
5585:
5565:
5560:
5440:
5136:
4709:
4654:
4440:
4245:
3801:
3627:
3584:
3551:
3402:
3397:
3370:
3080:
3060:
2990:
2940:
2815:
2704:
2620:
2591:
2586:
2455:
2445:
2342:
2322:
2246:
2241:
2206:
1876:
1856:
1816:
1782:
1762:
1742:
1628:
1504:
1239:
1197:
1192:
1066:
958:
925:
818:
645:
598:
594:
543:
484:
414:
360:
244:
219:
11226:
9713:
Koller, J. M. (1972). "Dharma: an expression of universal order".
9240:
8724:
Davis, Donald Jr. (September 2006) "A Realist View of Hindu Law",
6720:
5066:
In Rajadharmaparvan 91.34-8, the relationship between poverty and
4486:
is that which holds and provides support to the social construct.
3308:
73:
11236:
11231:
11211:
11151:
11141:
11131:
11071:
11021:
11011:
10936:
10926:
10916:
10861:
10695:
10575:
10299:
10176:
10151:
10087:
9464:
International Journal of the Philosophical Traditions of the East
9259:
9162:
9018:
Cole, W. Owen (2014), in Pashaura Singh, Louis E. Fenech (eds.),
8498:
8496:
8494:
8492:
8490:
6824:) means the path of righteousness and proper religious practice.
6786:
5994:
5864:
5265:
4630:
4178:
4168:
3918:
3839:
3831:
3648:
3574:
3559:
3356:
3055:
3000:
2734:
2684:
2654:
2649:
2521:
2496:
2383:
2015:
1894:
1871:
1846:
1757:
1747:
1556:
1520:
1408:
1393:
1388:
1324:
1319:
1283:
1278:
1265:
1021:
989:
826:
782:
778:
770:
724:
691:
606:
602:
508:
455:
348:
289:
228:
204:
10961:
9915:
Widgery, Alban G. (Jan 1930). "The Principles of Hindu Ethics".
8937:
Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Cultures in Indian History
8297:
Piper, Raymond F. (1954), "In Support of Altruism in Hinduism",
7143:; Quote – "Yoga is a dharmic approach to the spiritual life...";
6930:
6791:
6750:
4911:
4214:
2060:
2055:
1881:
903:
313:, despite being a collection of aphoristic teachings on dharma (
236:
is believed to have a transtemporal validity, and is one of the
11241:
11191:
11181:
11076:
11061:
10981:
10931:
10871:
10866:
10851:
10816:
10765:
10685:
10351:
10181:
10122:
9992:
Dharma: Studies in Its Semantic, Cultural and Religious History
8874:
Makers of Modern Indian Religion in the Late Nineteenth Century
6672:
6423:
6082:
5911:, meaning the teachings and the methods of the Buddha, and the
5797:) of the Buddha's teachings is then comprehended as Dharma. In
5725:
5280:
5275:
5270:
4957:
4830:
4725:
4471:
4448:
4444:
4183:
3997:
3313:
3040:
2925:
2825:
2795:
2790:
2724:
2699:
2488:
2358:
2201:
2176:
2115:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1927:
1851:
1811:
1806:
1737:
1662:
1597:
1484:
1428:
1413:
1359:
1339:
1252:
1247:
1084:
728:(Sanskrit: अधर्म), meaning that which is "not dharma". As with
534:
476:
372:
299:
As with the other components of the Puruṣārtha, the concept of
114:
50:
27:
9462:
Fritzman, J.M. (2015). "The Bhagavadgītā, Sen, and Anderson".
9243:
Why Should Thirukkural Be Declared the National Book of India?
8696:, "Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of View",
8604:
The strides of Vishnu: Hindu culture in historical perspective
8487:
7603:
Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft und Religionswissenschaft
5103:
are neither exclusive, nor do they supersede other sources of
773:, as an adjective or noun. According to Paul Horsch, the word
609:. It is difficult to provide a single concise definition for
43:
11256:
11251:
11161:
11031:
10986:
10896:
10700:
10650:
10599:
10580:
10156:
10117:
8767:
Brown, Hannah Jean (2019). "Key Tenets of Classical Buddhist
8387:. 2 vols. Translated by Ganganatha Jha. Oriental Books. 1939.
7696:
7694:
7644:
Albrecht Wezler, "Dharma in the Veda and the Dharmaśāstras",
7185:; Quote – "Hindu stages of life approach (ashrama dharma)..."
6975:
6855:
5774:
5515:
5029:
5021:
4824:
4713:
4576:
4563:
4200:
4070:
3835:
3347:
2885:
2749:
2659:
2506:
2460:
2440:
2120:
2105:
2045:
2035:
2020:
2005:
1980:
1831:
1801:
1687:
1587:
1418:
1383:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1329:
1257:
871:
794:
683:
8843:
8477:
8475:
8263:"The Mahabharata, Book 17: Mahaprasthanika Parva: Section 3"
7909:
7907:
5867:
of the "84,000 different aspects of the teaching" (Tibetan:
399:
226:
denotes behaviours that are considered to be in accord with
145:
11261:
11026:
11006:
10112:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8106:
8012:
8010:
7852:
The Religion Toolkit: A Complete Guide to Religious Studies
7069:
6859:
6800:
5025:
4811:
4674:
4670:
4542:
2669:
2450:
2420:
2363:
2110:
2097:
1990:
1592:
1433:
1423:
1398:
1364:
1314:
1296:
888:
637:
547:(εὐσέβεια, piety, spiritual maturity, or godliness) in the
512:
405:
151:
9623:
Ingalls, Daniel H. H. (Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa".
9360:
Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India
9230:(2nd ed.). Chennai: University of Madras. p. 82.
7771:
RgVeda 6.70.1, 8.41.10, 10.44.8, for secondary source see
7691:
7416:
4761:
by contrasting it with adharma. Vātsyāyana suggested that
9576:
Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative
8808:
8806:
8472:
8130:
7904:
7794:
7782:
7509:
7507:
7505:
7503:
7501:
6833:
4697:
4467:
941:
from the year 258 BCE was discovered in Afghanistan, the
884:
633:
448:
9381:(2004). "Hindu bioethics for the twenty-first century".
9064:
The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India
8525:
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
8430:
8418:
8406:
8238:
8096:
8094:
8007:
4988:
At the individual level, some texts of Hinduism outline
9404:
The Conception of Punishment in Early Indian Literature
8891:
8847:
The World's Religions: Continuities and Transformations
8079:
4657:, for example, when a peasant asks the King to do what
1537:
1074:
855:, meaning "remedy". This meaning is different from the
9424:(1994). "Hinduism". In Jean Holm; John Bowker (eds.).
8940:. State University of New York Press. pp. 10–11.
8803:
8156:
The Mukhya Upanishads: Books of Hidden Wisdom, Kshetra
7498:
7284:
5905:, meaning the mind's perfection of enlightenment, the
4960:, in the Epics, for example, presents the theory that
4744:
937:
In the mid-20th century, an inscription of the Indian
443:, with a literal meaning of "bearer, supporter", in a
9383:
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
8198:
8091:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7876:
7874:
7872:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7456:
7454:
6819:
883:
are found in other ancient cultures: such as Chinese
769:
appears at least fifty-six times in the hymns of the
11313:
Words and phrases with no direct English translation
9840:. Chennai: International Institute of Tamil Studies.
9234:
8665:
Dharma, Disorder, and the Political in Ancient India
8118:
8067:
7975:
7679:
7558:
7309:
7297:
7133:
Yoga and Ayurveda: Self-Healing and Self-Realization
4888:
In other texts, three sources and means to discover
4669:
is at the centre of all major events in the life of
396:
142:
9539:Hacker, Paul (October 2006). "Dharma in Hinduism".
9241:Velusamy, N.; Faraday, Moses Michael, eds. (2017).
9091:
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot
8903:
8825:
8583:
8035:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale,
7997:, 6th ed. (2013), Columbia University Press, Gale,
7901:, Bibliothèque du Museon 43, Louvain, 1958, p. 249.
7835:, 'remedy', which has little bearing on Indo-Aryan
7775:, Der Rigveda in Auswahl (2 vols.), Stuttgart; and
4527:Sadharana dharma, moral duties irrespective of the
777:has its origin in Vedic Hinduism. The hymns of the
402:
393:
148:
139:
9835:
9265:
9168:
9141:
9094:. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4333–4334, 4341–4342.
8915:
7869:
7648:, December 2004, Volume 32, Issue 5–6, pp. 629–654
7451:
7157:Jackson, Bernard S. (1975), "From dharma to law",
4696:in the text, is portrayed as taking the form of a
541:into Greek and Aramaic and he used the Greek word
8959:
8957:
8184:, Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University,
186:) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the
11279:
9970:A History of Indian Philosophy: Indian Pluralism
9121:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–154.
7234:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
7076:would help to repay one's debts to the humanity.
5960:Patipatti – putting the theory into practice and
5957:as contained within the suttas of the Pali canon
9985:, Vol. XXI, No. 1, Spring 1966, pp. 84–87.
9602:(5–6). Translated by Jarrod Whitaker: 423–448.
9060:
8821:. Translated by Thanissaro Bhikkhu. p. 33.
8812:
8606:. Oxford: Oxford University press. p. 87.
5967:or through experience realises the truth of it.
4892:in Hinduism are described. These, according to
801:principle and appears in verses independent of
9981:Murthy, K. Krishna. "Dharma – Its Etymology."
9741:
9695:Acharya Amritchandra's Purushartha Siddhyupaya
9174:
8954:
8745:
8743:
8112:
7700:
7668:Practitioners of Hindu Law: Ancient and Modern
6768:
6762:
6756:
6748:
6740:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6696:
6678:
6610:
6591:
4973:of varnas), or varnasramadharma (that is, the
4788:
715:is believed to have a transtemporal validity.
10053:
9549:(5). Translated by Donald R. Davis: 479–496.
9406:. Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
9219:
8659:
8657:
8655:
8385:Gautama's Nyāyasūtras, with Vātsyāyana-Bhāṣya
8180:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.),
7223:
7221:
7219:
7217:
7215:
7213:
7161:, Vol. 23, No. 3 (Summer, 1975), pp. 490–512.
7031:) ... In order to distinguish this notion of
7000:
6998:
6996:
6854:and post-Sangam period, many of which are of
6777:of Buddhism and various schools of Hinduism.
6566:
5874:Dharma refers not only to the sayings of the
5750:
4912:Dharma, life stages and social stratification
4558:of this article discusses the development of
4417:
671:, it can also be described as eternal truth.
585:Dharma is a concept of central importance in
9882:
9790:Dharmasūtras: The Law Codes of Ancient India
9656:. Continuum International Publishing Group.
9114:
8987:
8543:
8016:
7848:
7820:
7818:
7757:
7422:
7104:
5090:and happiness requires that people live per
5000:, the life of preparation as a student, (2)
9569:
9279:International Journal of Constitutional Law
8973:(2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 93–95.
8963:
8740:
8502:
7950:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
7729:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
7534:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
7341:
6616:
5785:) latter came to refer to the teachings of
4507:Varṇ āśramā dharma, one's duty at specific
4500:, the eternal and unchanging principals of
976:The evolving literature of Hinduism linked
657:Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary
474:). It is semantically similar to the Greek
10060:
10046:
9338:South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies
9087:
8700:, Vol. 3, Issue 1 (Jan., 1956), pp. 36–71.
8652:
8301:, Vol. 22, No. 3 (Jul., 1954), pp. 178–183
7210:
7035:from the Indian conception where the term
6993:
6904:), is completely and exclusively based on
6573:
6559:
5757:
5743:
4646:The Hindu religion and philosophy, claims
4549:
4424:
4410:
325:), is completely and exclusively based on
9759:
9228:First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers
9180:
9067:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 156–171.
8667:, Brill's Indological Library (Book 28),
8625:
8623:
8601:
8362:
8360:
8358:
7815:
5853:) and the "wheel of becoming" (Sanskrit:
5071:to follow dharma and achieve prosperity.
9988:
9963:
9784:
9461:
9294:
9225:
8877:. Oxford University Press. p. 124.
8466:
8085:
7827:; "There are Indo-European parallels to
7824:
7315:
7068:is based on the idea that, individuals (
7051:) to bring out the pragmatic meaning of
6929:
6790:
5817:For practising Buddhists, references to
4517:, one's own individual or personal duty.
902:
523:and dialects it alternatively occurs as
342:
9959:. Central Hindu College, Benaras. 1904.
9914:
9622:
9490:
9051:, Oxford University Press, pp. 560–568.
8844:Clarke, Peter B.; Beyer, Peter (2009).
8755:The New Concise Pali English Dictionary
8709:
8644:
8589:
8334:(2009) The World Religions, HarperOne,
8315:
8249:
8204:
8182:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
8147:
8145:
7579:
7577:
7575:
7573:
7488:(German Edition), Motilal Banarsidass,
7443:
7245:
7243:
7159:The American Journal of Comparative Law
7019:David Kalupahana: "The old Indian term
6839:
3301:Sources and classification of scripture
971:
11280:
9844:
9806:
9712:
9651:
9593:
9538:
9524:. State University of New York Press.
9519:
9377:
9335:
8870:
8638:
8632:
8620:
8549:
8481:
8355:
8175:
8166:, p. 481, for discussion: pp. 478–505.
8136:
8124:
8100:
8073:
8022:
7913:
7886:
7855:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 324.
7800:
7788:
7751:
7731:, University of Koeln, Germany (2009).
7685:
7619:
7564:
7472:
7437:
7227:
7182:
6956:"), as the central motif on its flag.
5773:as "cosmic law", as in the working of
5051:11.1.6.24 links social prosperity and
4804:is real; in the Vedanta it is unreal.
4524:prescribed at the time of adversities.
898:
10067:
10041:
9935:
9863:
9442:
9420:
8850:. Taylor & Francis. p. 325.
8766:
8710:Gächter, Othmar (1998). "Anthropos".
8436:
8424:
8412:
8400:
8046:
7849:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2011).
7745:
7513:
7391:
7389:
7357:
7265:
7170:
5934:
5812:
5039:
4613:
1923:Anupalabdi (non-perception, negation)
1918:Arthāpatti (postulation, presumption)
173:
9886:(Apr–Jul 1957). "Dharma and Moksa".
9691:
9670:
9356:
9148:. Abhinav Publications. p. 13.
8933:
8921:
8909:
8897:
8831:
8142:
7570:
7428:
7240:
7007:Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
6925:
5963:Pativedha – when one penetrates the
4992:, or stages of life as individual's
4566:. This development continued in the
4493:generally includes various aspects:
565:
9847:The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism
9401:
9295:Brereton, Joel P. (December 2004).
9041:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
9020:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
8995:The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies
7981:
7303:
7027:as "dependently arisen phenomena" (
6981:List of Hindu empires and dynasties
6866:. Most of these texts are based on
4745:According to 4th-century Vatsyayana
4732:. There is extensive discussion of
943:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
919:. The inscription renders the word
909:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
557:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
549:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
13:
10032:Dharma Is Not The Same As Religion
9947:
9836:Purnalingam Pillai, M. S. (2015).
9030:, Oxford University Press, p. 254.
8663:Bowles, Adam (2007), "Chapter 3",
7386:
7013:
5208:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
5203:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
11339:
10010:
9674:Acharya Umasvami's Tattvārthsūtra
7653:The Concept of Duty in South Asia
7292:Chambers Dictionary of Etymology
5074:
980:to two other important concepts:
945:. This rock inscription contains
9579:. Oxford University Press, USA.
9271:
9181:Blackburn, Stuart (April 2000).
9135:
9108:
9081:
9054:
9033:
9012:
8819:: Good Dhamma is of three sorts"
7268:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
7254:The Philosophy of the Middle Way
6664:
6540:
6001:
5953:– the learning of the theory of
5918:
5869:chos-sgo brgyad-khri bzhi strong
5769:Buddhism held the Hindu view of
5724:
5143:
4391:
1073:
810:disorder, the world from chaos.
480:("fixed decree, statute, law").
389:
135:
113:
98:
84:
72:
58:
42:
11288:Buddhist philosophical concepts
9917:International Journal of Ethics
8927:
8864:
8837:
8813:Lee Dhammadharo, Ajaan (1994).
8760:
8731:
8718:
8703:
8687:
8678:
8595:
8566:
8557:
8534:
8517:
8508:
8442:
8377:
8325:
8309:
8273:
8255:
8220:. University of Chicago Press.
8210:
8188:from the original on 8 Jul 2024
8169:
8054:
7987:
7962:
7940:
7919:
7892:
7842:
7806:
7765:
7736:
7706:
7635:
7627:Britannica Concise Encyclopedia
7610:
7519:
7478:
7351:
7321:
7259:
7058:
4926:Some texts of Hinduism outline
4753:, 4th-century CE Hindu scholar
4641:
10400:Progressive utilization theory
9936:Woods, James Haughton (1914).
9929:10.1086/intejethi.40.2.2377977
8777:Journal of Religion and Health
8728:. Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 287–313.
8344:Background to Hindu Literature
8176:Arnold, Daniel (Summer 2024),
7545:, Asian Educational Services,
7188:
7176:
7164:
7151:
7119:
7095:
6832:as duty and moral values. The
4985:of varna and asramas of life.
4439:is an organising principle in
1161:Epic-Puranic royal genealogies
593:. It has multiple meanings in
120:Duties, such as learning from
1:
9761:10.1080/23311886.2020.1858562
9476:10.1080/09552367.2015.1102693
9445:Themes and issues in Hinduism
8299:Journal of Bible and Religion
7748:, pp. 30–54 and 151–152;
7666:K. L. Seshagiri Rao (1997), "
7290:Barnhart, R. K. (ed.) (1998)
7236:– via Encyclopedia.com.
7228:Bowker, John (June 8, 2018).
7083:
4222:Other society-related topics:
1913:Upamāṇa (comparison, analogy)
644:has become a widely accepted
580:
521:contemporary Indian languages
269:
11293:Hindu philosophical concepts
9939:The yoga-system of Patanjali
9596:Journal of Indian Philosophy
9542:Journal of Indian Philosophy
9301:Journal of Indian Philosophy
9288:
8284:Sexual life in ancient India
8282:Meyer, Johann Jakob (1989),
8216:Fitzgerald, James L. (2004)
7646:Journal of Indian Philosophy
7599:Journal of Indian Philosophy
7588:Journal of Indian Philosophy
7112:Journal of Indian philosophy
7088:
5406:Buddhist Paths to liberation
5118:Buddhist paths to liberation
4588:, truth), in hymn 1.4.14 of
4555:
4333:Hinduism and other religions
3130:Chandrashekarendra Saraswati
572:
338:
91:Rituals and rites of passage
7:
11318:Jain philosophical concepts
10019:(archived 28 February 2010)
9942:. Harvard University Press.
9792:. Oxford University Press.
9363:. Oxford University Press.
9142:Iraianban, Swamiji (1997).
8815:"What is the Triple Gem? –
7720:Sanskrit-English Dictionary
7674:, Volume 66, pp. 1185–1199.
7360:Journal of Religious Ethics
6959:
6820:
6643:
6641:, author of the Jain text,
6637:
6382:Uttaradhyayana (Śvetāmbara)
6158:Aparigraha (non-possession)
5111:
5108:king, as well as morality.
4936:, which describes the four
4789:According to Patanjali Yoga
4474:and "right way of living".
4078:Kamba Ramayanam/Ramavataram
4050:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
1778:Arishadvargas (six enemies)
1722:Antaḥkaraṇa (mental organs)
1717:Sūkṣma śarīra (subtle body)
1049:
530:In the 3rd century BCE the
498:
465:
303:is pan-Indian. The ancient
284:refers to the teachings of
10:
11344:
11328:Sanskrit words and phrases
9989:Olivelle, Patrick (2009).
9975:Cambridge University Press
9197:Cambridge University Press
8789:10.1007/s10943-019-00763-4
8322:" (Mahabharata 12.106.20).
8113:Kumar & Choudhury 2021
7701:Kumar & Choudhury 2021
6843:
6784:
6780:
6761:), and principle of rest (
6670:
6368:Dravyasamgraha (Digambara)
6347:Pravachanasara (Digambara)
5975:
5971:
5115:
5078:
4915:
4845:
4720:, which appeals to piety,
4700:to test the compassion of
4653:In the Second Book of the
3954:Naalayira Divya Prabandham
2634:Gurus, sants, philosophers
2570:Akshar Purushottam Darshan
1758:Uparati (self-settledness)
992:in Vedas is the truth and
750:
447:conceived as an aspect of
428:, and is related to Latin
371:, as inscribed by Emperor
25:
18:
10809:
10608:
10408:
10377:
10292:
10207:
10138:
10131:
10075:
10023:Buddhism A–Z: "D" Entries
9608:10.1007/s10781-004-8628-3
9555:10.1007/s10781-006-9002-4
9350:10.1080/00856409408723205
9313:10.1007/s10781-004-8631-8
9205:10.1017/S0026749X00003632
8602:Glucklich, Ariel (2008).
8033:The Columbia Encyclopedia
7995:The Columbia Encyclopedia
7270:(3rd ed.). Longman.
7205:indicator of immaturity."
7029:paticca-samuppanna-dhamma
6812:
6688:
4585:
3120:Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati
1773:Samadhana (concentration)
1637:Three paths to liberation
1144:Tribal religions in India
1129:Historical Vedic religion
1124:Indus Valley Civilisation
915:in 258 BCE, and found in
458:, the word appears as an
216:historical Vedic religion
190:, among others. The term
164:
10587:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
9888:Philosophy East and West
9809:Philosophy East and West
9715:Philosophy East and West
9652:Jacobs, Stephen (2010).
9625:Philosophy East and West
9520:Grimes, John A. (1996).
9493:Philosophy East and West
9402:Day, Terence P. (1982).
9395:10.1001/jama.291.22.2759
9061:Zvelebil, Kamil (1973).
7531:Monier Monier-Williams,
7256:. SUNY Press, pp. 15–16.
7199:Philosophy East and West
6986:
6755:), principle of motion (
6522:Parasparopagraho Jivanam
6375:Kalpa Sūtra (Śvetāmbara)
6165:Anuvratas (further vows)
4606:Brihadaranyaka Upanishad
1949:, sacrifice, and charity
674:The meaning of the word
495:, the stem is thematic:
65:Yoga, personal behaviour
26:Not to be confused with
10517:Samkhyapravachana Sutra
10017:India Glossary – Dharma
9692:Jain, Vijay K. (2012).
9671:Jain, Vijay K. (2011).
9297:"Dhárman In The Rgveda"
9266:Purnalingam Pillai 2015
9169:Purnalingam Pillai 2015
9145:Ambrosia of Thirukkural
9007:Oxford University Press
8871:Brekke, Torkel (2002).
8578:Oxford University Press
7929:, New York: Routledge,
7779:, 33–36, Bd. 1–3: 1951.
7777:Harvard Oriental Series
7594:, Volume 21, pp. 31–61;
7541:Carl Cappeller (1999),
7486:Worterbuch zum Rig-veda
7402:Encyclopædia Britannica
7372:10.1111/1467-9795.00113
7266:Wells, John C. (2008).
6767:). The use of the term
6131:Mahavratas (major vows)
5426:Philosophical reasoning
4590:Brhadaranyaka Upanishad
4550:In Vedas and Upanishads
4127:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
3340:Timeline of Hindu texts
3245:Siddharameshwar Maharaj
2273:Pumsavana Simantonayana
1928:Śabda (word, testimony)
1166:Epic-Puranic chronology
1134:Dravidian folk religion
869:It is thought that the
762:History of Dharmaśāstra
261:teachings of the Buddha
21:Dharma (disambiguation)
10253:Early Buddhist schools
9965:Dasgupta, Surendranath
9884:Van Buitenen, J. A. B.
9864:Rosen, Steven (2006).
9748:Cogent Social Sciences
9357:Cort, John E. (2001).
8934:Cort, John E. (1998).
8775:Remembrance Rituals".
7773:Karl Friedrich Geldner
7605:Volume 49, pp. 93–106.
6935:
6862:origin, emphasizes on
6796:
6769:
6763:
6757:
6749:
6741:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6711:
6703:
6697:
6691:) also has a specific
6679:
6662:
6611:
6592:
6429:Mahavir Janma Kalyanak
6340:Samayasāra (Digambara)
6153:Brahmacarya (chastity)
5923:Dharma is employed in
5805:is also the term for "
5782:
5193:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
4886:
4611:
4092:Eighteen Greater Texts
3721:Brahma Vaivarta Purana
3150:Krishnananda Saraswati
2389:Vijayadashami-Dussehra
1903:Pratyakṣa (perception)
1763:Titiksha (forbearance)
1047:
934:
630:Karl Friedrich Geldner
617:in western languages.
380:
273:is also the term for "
256:
9226:Sanjeevi, N. (2006).
9115:Roy, Kaushik (2012).
8572:Olivelle, P. (1993).
8342:; For summary notes:
7064:The common duties of
6946:, a depiction of the
6933:
6870:, the Tamil term for
6850:Several works of the
6794:
6671:Further information:
6657:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya
6649:
6644:Puruṣārthasiddhyupāya
6148:Asteya (non-stealing)
6138:Ahiṃsā (non-violence)
5461:Aids to Enlightenment
5286:Dependent Origination
4882:Apastamba Dharmasutra
4859:
4855:Apastamba Dharmasutra
4594:
4541:which is valid for a
4477:In its true essence,
4208:Varna-related topics:
4099:Eighteen Lesser Texts
3672:Devi Bhagavata Purana
2563:Svabhavika Bhedabheda
2549:Achintya Bheda Abheda
2481:Philosophical schools
1783:Ahamkara (attachment)
1743:Vairagya (dispassion)
1671:Mokṣa-related topics:
1034:
929:in Greek, suggesting
906:
651:The root of the word
577:; truth, rectitude).
553:Kandahar Greek Edicts
346:
10691:Brihadratha Ikshvaku
10528:Sarvadarsanasangraha
10305:Acintya bheda abheda
10034:(huffingtonpost.com)
9281:, 4(4), pp. 741–751.
9188:Modern Asian Studies
7972:, 59, pp. 1430–1441.
7655:, New Delhi: Vikas,
6840:In Sangam literature
6307:Schools and Branches
5832:Noble Eightfold Path
5431:Devotional practices
5254:Noble Eightfold Path
4340:Hinduism and Jainism
3270:Vethathiri Maharishi
3175:Nisargadatta Maharaj
1738:Viveka (discernment)
1113:(500/200 BCE–300 CE)
1024:is an example where
972:Rta, maya and dharma
757:Pandurang Vaman Kane
331:—the Tamil term for
10751:Dayananda Saraswati
10325:Nimbarka Sampradaya
10249:Buddhist philosophy
9698:. Vikalp Printers.
9677:. Vikalp Printers.
9277:Narula, S. (2006),
9088:Lal, Mohan (1992).
8900:, pp. 192–194.
8712:Anthropos Institute
8647:, pp. 321–344.
8635:, pp. 131–144.
8552:, pp. 131–144.
8544:Van Buitenen (1957)
8505:, pp. 215–227.
8484:, pp. 487–489.
8439:, pp. 181–191.
8427:, pp. 180–181.
8415:, pp. 178–180.
7916:, pp. 136–142.
7803:, pp. 430–432.
7791:, pp. 430–431.
7758:Van Buitenen (1957)
7484:Hermann Grassmann,
7331:. 13 December 2018.
7105:Van Buitenen (1957)
6547:Religion portal
6237:The 24 Tirthankaras
5929:dharma transmission
5880:schools of Buddhism
5799:Buddhist philosophy
5777:. The term Dharma (
5731:Buddhism portal
5604:Buddhism by country
5366:Sanskrit literature
5049:Shatapatha Brahmana
4944:with no mention of
4904:" is the source of
4898:Sanskrit literature
4822:in two categories:
4737:various aspects of
4511:or inherent duties.
4398:Hinduism portal
4277:Hinduism by country
4113:Iraiyanar Akapporul
4057:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
3140:Dayananda Saraswati
3125:Bhaktivinoda Thakur
3031:Sripada Srivallabha
2971:Raghunatha Siromani
2936:Narasimha Saraswati
2836:Santadas Kathiababa
1908:Anumāṇa (inference)
953:text. According to
899:Eusebeia and dharma
825:occurs 63 times in
413:; has roots in the
265:Buddhist philosophy
10362:Pashupata Shaivism
10192:Pashupata Shaivism
9866:Essential Hinduism
8349:2004-09-22 at the
8139:, p. 112-113.
7672:Fordham Law Review
6938:The importance of
6936:
6878:moral text of the
6797:
6638:Acārya Amṛtacandra
6354:Agama (Śvetāmbara)
5935:Theravada Buddhism
5813:Buddha's teachings
5218:Buddhist modernism
5040:Dharma and poverty
4751:Klaus Klostermaier
4638:means of knowing.
4614:Dharma and Mimamsa
4292:Caribbean Shaktism
4011:Kanakadhara Stotra
3260:U. G. Krishnamurti
3240:Satyadhyana Tirtha
2831:Gangesha Upadhyaya
2489:Six Astika schools
1733:Ānanda (happiness)
1712:Anātman (non-self)
935:
485:Classical Sanskrit
381:
214:was in use in the
11275:
11274:
11127:Pratītyasamutpāda
10288:
10287:
10069:Indian philosophy
10002:978-81-208-3338-8
9983:The Tibet Journal
9856:978-0-631-21535-6
9786:Olivelle, Patrick
9705:978-81-903639-4-5
9684:978-81-903639-2-1
9586:978-0-19-539423-8
9454:978-0-304-33851-1
9426:Rites of Passages
9413:978-0-919812-15-4
9389:(22): 2759–2760.
9370:978-0-19-803037-9
9252:978-93-85471-70-4
9155:978-81-7017-346-5
9128:978-1-107-01736-8
9101:978-81-260-1221-3
9049:978-0-19-969930-8
9028:978-0-19-969930-8
9003:978-0-19-969930-8
8980:978-0-415-26605-5
8947:978-0-7914-3786-5
8884:978-0-19-925236-7
8857:978-1-135-21100-4
8673:978-90-04-15815-3
8641:, pp. 49–63.
8613:978-0-19-531405-2
8546:, pp. 38–39.
8340:978-0-06-166018-4
8252:, pp. 41–48.
8164:978-1-4959-4653-0
8152:Johnston, Charles
8041:978-0-7876-5015-5
8017:Van Buitenen 1957
8003:978-0-7876-5015-5
7984:, pp. 42–44.
7958:978-81-206-0369-1
7862:978-1-4443-4371-7
7661:978-0-7286-0032-4
7551:978-81-206-0369-1
7516:, pp. 34–45.
7494:978-81-208-1636-7
7423:Van Buitenen 1957
7306:, pp. 42–45.
7277:978-1-4058-8118-0
7250:Kalupahana, David
7141:978-0-9149-5581-8
6926:Dharma in symbols
6846:Sangam literature
6826:Guru Granth Sahib
6818:
6583:
6582:
6202:Micchami Dukkadam
6197:Bhaktamara Stotra
6126:Ethics of Jainism
5828:Four Noble Truths
5793:); the practice (
5767:
5766:
5249:Four Noble Truths
4996:. These are: (1)
4828:(restraints) and
4434:
4433:
4285:Balinese Hinduism
3784:Markandeya Purana
3021:Satyanatha Tirtha
2976:Raghuttama Tirtha
2966:Raghavendra Swami
2806:Ramdas Kathiababa
1887:Sources of dharma
1753:Dama (temperance)
1748:Sama (equanimity)
1114:
587:Indian philosophy
515:, it is rendered
379:(3rd century BCE)
11335:
10781:Satyakama Jabala
10716:Akshapada Gotama
10666:Gārgī Vāchaknavī
10646:Vāchaspati Misra
10504:Nyayakusumanjali
10438:Bhagavata Purana
10395:Radical Humanism
10367:Shaiva Siddhanta
10136:
10135:
10108:Vedic philosophy
10062:
10055:
10048:
10039:
10038:
10006:
9978:
9977:. pp. 2–11.
9973:. Vol. IV.
9960:
9943:
9932:
9911:
9879:
9860:
9841:
9838:Tamil Literature
9832:
9803:
9781:
9763:
9738:
9709:
9688:
9667:
9648:
9619:
9590:
9571:Hiltebeitel, Alf
9566:
9535:
9516:
9487:
9458:
9439:
9417:
9398:
9374:
9353:
9332:
9307:(5–6): 449–489.
9282:
9275:
9269:
9263:
9257:
9256:
9238:
9232:
9231:
9223:
9217:
9216:
9178:
9172:
9166:
9160:
9159:
9139:
9133:
9132:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9085:
9079:
9078:
9058:
9052:
9037:
9031:
9016:
9010:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8961:
8952:
8951:
8931:
8925:
8919:
8913:
8907:
8901:
8895:
8889:
8888:
8868:
8862:
8861:
8841:
8835:
8829:
8823:
8822:
8810:
8801:
8800:
8764:
8758:
8747:
8738:
8735:
8729:
8722:
8716:
8715:
8707:
8701:
8691:
8685:
8682:
8676:
8661:
8650:
8627:
8618:
8617:
8599:
8593:
8587:
8581:
8570:
8564:
8561:
8555:
8538:
8532:
8531:(2) pp. 196–201.
8521:
8515:
8512:
8506:
8503:Hiltebeitel 2011
8500:
8485:
8479:
8470:
8464:
8453:
8451:
8446:
8440:
8434:
8428:
8422:
8416:
8410:
8404:
8398:
8389:
8388:
8381:
8375:
8364:
8353:
8329:
8323:
8321:
8313:
8307:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8259:
8253:
8247:
8236:
8214:
8208:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8173:
8167:
8149:
8140:
8134:
8128:
8122:
8116:
8110:
8104:
8098:
8089:
8083:
8077:
8071:
8065:
8058:
8052:
8026:
8020:
8014:
8005:
7991:
7985:
7979:
7973:
7970:Yale Law Journal
7966:
7960:
7944:
7938:
7923:
7917:
7911:
7902:
7896:
7890:
7884:
7867:
7866:
7846:
7840:
7822:
7813:
7810:
7804:
7798:
7792:
7786:
7780:
7769:
7763:
7740:
7734:
7722:, Germany (2011)
7710:
7704:
7698:
7689:
7683:
7677:
7639:
7633:
7614:
7608:
7581:
7568:
7562:
7556:
7523:
7517:
7511:
7496:
7482:
7476:
7470:
7449:
7432:
7426:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7411:
7409:
7393:
7384:
7383:
7355:
7349:
7342:Hiltebeitel 2011
7339:
7333:
7332:
7325:
7319:
7313:
7307:
7301:
7295:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7263:
7257:
7247:
7238:
7237:
7225:
7208:
7192:
7186:
7180:
7174:
7168:
7162:
7155:
7149:
7123:
7117:
7099:
7077:
7074:Sadharana dharma
7066:Sadharana-dharma
7062:
7056:
7017:
7011:
7002:
6823:
6817:romanized:
6816:
6814:
6772:
6766:
6760:
6754:
6746:
6738:
6732:
6724:
6716:
6708:
6700:
6690:
6682:
6660:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6631:
6624:
6621:
6618:
6614:
6602:Tattvartha Sutra
6595:
6575:
6568:
6561:
6545:
6544:
6482:Shravanabelagola
6389:Cīvaka Cintāmaṇi
6361:Tattvartha Sutra
6005:
5982:
5981:
5978:Dharma (Jainism)
5759:
5752:
5745:
5729:
5728:
5456:Sublime abidings
5147:
5124:
5123:
4884:
4741:with metaphors.
4609:
4587:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4356:and Christianity
4326:Pilgrimage sites
4256:Reform movements
4134:Vinayagar Agaval
4085:Five Great Epics
4034:Tamil literature
3933:Sushruta Samhita
3728:Bhavishya Purana
3714:Brahmanda Purana
3665:Bhagavata Purana
3593:Other scriptures
3155:Mahavatar Babaji
2730:Satyakama Jabala
2401:Ganesh Chaturthi
2255:Rites of passage
1768:Shraddha (faith)
1186:Major traditions
1112:
1077:
1054:
1053:
1045:
591:Indian religions
575:
568:
567:
501:
468:
412:
411:
408:
407:
404:
401:
398:
395:
377:Edicts of Ashoka
259:) refers to the
188:Indian religions
185:
184:
183:
177:
175:[dʱɐrmɐ]
172:
168:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
117:
102:
88:
76:
62:
49:Virtues such as
46:
11343:
11342:
11338:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11332:
11278:
11277:
11276:
11271:
11097:Parameshashakti
10805:
10741:Ramana Maharshi
10626:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
10604:
10570:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
10544:Tattvacintāmaṇi
10417:Abhinavabharati
10404:
10373:
10347:Sikh Philosophy
10335:Vishishtadvaita
10284:
10203:
10127:
10071:
10066:
10013:
10003:
9995:. Delhi: MLBD.
9953:
9950:
9948:Further reading
9900:10.2307/1396832
9876:
9857:
9821:10.2307/1397421
9800:
9727:10.2307/1398120
9706:
9685:
9664:
9637:10.2307/1396833
9587:
9532:
9505:10.2307/1396742
9455:
9436:
9414:
9371:
9291:
9286:
9285:
9276:
9272:
9264:
9260:
9253:
9239:
9235:
9224:
9220:
9179:
9175:
9167:
9163:
9156:
9140:
9136:
9129:
9113:
9109:
9102:
9086:
9082:
9075:
9059:
9055:
9038:
9034:
9017:
9013:
8992:
8988:
8981:
8962:
8955:
8948:
8932:
8928:
8920:
8916:
8908:
8904:
8896:
8892:
8885:
8869:
8865:
8858:
8842:
8838:
8830:
8826:
8811:
8804:
8765:
8761:
8748:
8741:
8736:
8732:
8723:
8719:
8708:
8704:
8692:
8688:
8683:
8679:
8662:
8653:
8628:
8621:
8614:
8600:
8596:
8588:
8584:
8571:
8567:
8562:
8558:
8539:
8535:
8522:
8518:
8513:
8509:
8501:
8488:
8480:
8473:
8465:
8456:
8449:
8447:
8443:
8435:
8431:
8423:
8419:
8411:
8407:
8399:
8392:
8383:
8382:
8378:
8365:
8356:
8351:Wayback Machine
8330:
8326:
8319:
8314:
8310:
8278:
8274:
8261:
8260:
8256:
8248:
8239:
8215:
8211:
8203:
8199:
8191:
8189:
8174:
8170:
8150:
8143:
8135:
8131:
8123:
8119:
8111:
8107:
8099:
8092:
8084:
8080:
8072:
8068:
8062:Sanatana dharma
8059:
8055:
8027:
8023:
8015:
8008:
7992:
7988:
7980:
7976:
7967:
7963:
7945:
7941:
7927:The Hindu World
7924:
7920:
7912:
7905:
7899:Etienne Lamotte
7897:
7893:
7885:
7870:
7863:
7847:
7843:
7825:Brereton (2004)
7823:
7816:
7811:
7807:
7799:
7795:
7787:
7783:
7770:
7766:
7741:
7737:
7711:
7707:
7699:
7692:
7684:
7680:
7640:
7636:
7615:
7611:
7582:
7571:
7563:
7559:
7536:(2008 revision)
7524:
7520:
7512:
7499:
7483:
7479:
7471:
7452:
7433:
7429:
7421:
7417:
7407:
7405:
7395:
7394:
7387:
7356:
7352:
7340:
7336:
7327:
7326:
7322:
7314:
7310:
7302:
7298:
7289:
7285:
7278:
7264:
7260:
7248:
7241:
7226:
7211:
7193:
7189:
7181:
7177:
7169:
7165:
7156:
7152:
7124:
7120:
7100:
7096:
7091:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7063:
7059:
7039:meant reality (
7018:
7014:
7003:
6994:
6989:
6962:
6952:(the "wheel of
6928:
6848:
6842:
6789:
6783:
6675:
6669:
6661:
6655:
6632:
6625:
6622:
6619:
6579:
6539:
6532:
6531:
6497:
6496:
6487:
6486:
6454:
6453:
6444:
6443:
6419:
6418:
6409:
6408:
6334:
6333:
6331:Jain literature
6322:
6321:
6304:
6303:
6294:
6293:
6232:
6231:
6222:
6221:
6212:Ṇamōkāra mantra
6192:
6191:
6182:
6181:
6123:
6122:
6113:
6112:
6043:
6042:
5980:
5974:
5937:
5921:
5815:
5763:
5723:
5716:
5715:
5606:
5596:
5595:
5546:
5536:
5535:
5501:
5491:
5490:
5396:
5386:
5385:
5356:Mahayana Sutras
5336:
5326:
5325:
5266:Five Aggregates
5244:
5243:
5223:
5222:
5213:Later Buddhists
5178:
5120:
5114:
5083:
5077:
5042:
4924:
4916:Main articles:
4914:
4885:
4880:
4848:
4834:(observances).
4791:
4747:
4644:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4556:history section
4552:
4498:Sanātana Dharma
4430:
4392:
4390:
4371:
4370:
4364:
4334:
4300:
4279:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4223:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4036:
4004:
3926:Charaka Samhita
3905:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
3863:Shilpa Shastras
3842:
3795:
3679:Naradiya Purana
3651:
3646:
3621:
3595:
3554:
3418:
3350:
3334:
3303:
3295:
3285:
3284:
3230:Shirdi Sai Baba
3225:Sathya Sai Baba
3205:Ramana Maharshi
3109:
3076:Vadiraja Tirtha
3071:Vācaspati Miśra
2951:Srinivasacharya
2931:Narahari Tirtha
2911:Matsyendranatha
2896:Kumārila Bhaṭṭa
2861:Jagannatha Dasa
2851:Haridasa Thakur
2765:
2644:
2636:
2626:
2625:
2581:
2542:Vishishtadvaita
2491:
2483:
2473:
2472:
2426:Makar Sankranti
2406:Vasant Panchami
2369:Maha Shivaratri
2353:
2257:
2166:
2100:
2069:
1950:
1941:
1933:
1932:
1897:
1791:
1728:Prajña (wisdom)
1724:
1701:
1665:
1639:
1608:
1577:
1575:Meaning of life
1562:God in Hinduism
1551:
1515:
1513:Supreme reality
1490:Subtle elements
1479:
1460:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1299:
1268:
1242:
1234:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1187:
1181:
1171:
1170:
1115:
1110:Hindu synthesis
1106:
1101:
1052:
1046:
1040:
974:
923:in Sanskrit as
911:is from Indian
901:
753:
718:The antonym of
709:varnasramdharma
583:
532:Mauryan Emperor
445:religious sense
392:
388:
341:
210:The concept of
179:
178:
170:
138:
134:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
118:
110:
109:
103:
94:
93:
92:
89:
81:
80:
79:Law and justice
77:
68:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
47:
38:
37:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11341:
11331:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11273:
11272:
11270:
11269:
11264:
11259:
11254:
11249:
11244:
11239:
11234:
11229:
11224:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11172:Shabda Brahman
11169:
11164:
11159:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11134:
11129:
11124:
11122:Pratibimbavada
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11089:
11084:
11079:
11074:
11069:
11064:
11059:
11054:
11049:
11044:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11014:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10974:
10969:
10964:
10959:
10954:
10949:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10914:
10909:
10904:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10864:
10859:
10854:
10849:
10844:
10839:
10834:
10829:
10824:
10819:
10813:
10811:
10807:
10806:
10804:
10803:
10798:
10793:
10788:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10768:
10763:
10761:Vedanta Desika
10758:
10753:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10728:
10723:
10718:
10713:
10708:
10703:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10656:Gautama Buddha
10653:
10651:Uddalaka Aruni
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10623:
10618:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10602:
10597:
10590:
10583:
10578:
10573:
10566:
10565:
10564:
10554:
10547:
10540:
10538:Tarka-Sangraha
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10513:
10506:
10501:
10496:
10495:
10494:
10489:
10481:Mimamsa Sutras
10477:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10453:
10451:Buddhist texts
10448:
10441:
10434:
10427:
10420:
10412:
10410:
10406:
10405:
10403:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10381:
10379:
10375:
10374:
10372:
10371:
10370:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10338:
10337:
10332:
10327:
10322:
10317:
10312:
10307:
10296:
10294:
10290:
10289:
10286:
10285:
10283:
10282:
10281:
10280:
10275:
10270:
10265:
10260:
10246:
10245:
10244:
10239:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10213:
10211:
10205:
10204:
10202:
10201:
10196:
10195:
10194:
10189:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10144:
10142:
10133:
10129:
10128:
10126:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10079:
10077:
10073:
10072:
10065:
10064:
10057:
10050:
10042:
10036:
10035:
10028:Rajiv Malhotra
10025:
10020:
10012:
10011:External links
10009:
10008:
10007:
10001:
9986:
9979:
9961:
9949:
9946:
9945:
9944:
9933:
9923:(2): 232–245.
9912:
9894:(1/2): 33–40.
9880:
9874:
9861:
9855:
9842:
9833:
9815:(1/2): 49–63.
9804:
9798:
9782:
9754:(1). 1858562.
9739:
9721:(2): 131–144.
9710:
9704:
9689:
9683:
9668:
9662:
9654:Hinduism Today
9649:
9631:(1/2): 41–48.
9620:
9591:
9585:
9567:
9536:
9530:
9517:
9499:(4): 321–344.
9488:
9470:(4): 319–338.
9459:
9453:
9440:
9434:
9418:
9412:
9399:
9379:Coward, Harold
9375:
9369:
9354:
9333:
9290:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9270:
9258:
9251:
9233:
9218:
9173:
9161:
9154:
9134:
9127:
9107:
9100:
9080:
9073:
9053:
9032:
9011:
9009:, pp. 138–139.
8986:
8979:
8953:
8946:
8926:
8914:
8912:, p. 128.
8902:
8890:
8883:
8863:
8856:
8836:
8834:, p. 100.
8824:
8802:
8759:
8739:
8730:
8717:
8702:
8686:
8677:
8651:
8649:
8648:
8645:Goodwin (1955)
8642:
8636:
8619:
8612:
8594:
8582:
8565:
8556:
8554:
8553:
8547:
8533:
8516:
8507:
8486:
8471:
8454:
8441:
8429:
8417:
8405:
8390:
8376:
8354:
8324:
8316:Ingalls (1957)
8308:
8306:
8305:
8302:
8295:
8272:
8254:
8237:
8209:
8197:
8168:
8141:
8129:
8117:
8105:
8103:, p. 112.
8090:
8088:, p. 326.
8078:
8066:
8053:
8051:
8050:
8049:, "Chapter 3".
8044:
8021:
8006:
7986:
7974:
7961:
7939:
7937:, pp. 213–248.
7918:
7903:
7891:
7868:
7861:
7841:
7814:
7805:
7793:
7781:
7764:
7762:
7761:
7755:
7749:
7735:
7733:
7732:
7723:
7705:
7690:
7678:
7676:
7675:
7664:
7649:
7634:
7632:
7631:
7623:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7595:
7569:
7557:
7555:
7554:
7553:, pp. 510–512.
7539:
7538:, pp. 543–544;
7518:
7497:
7477:
7450:
7448:
7447:
7444:Widgery (1930)
7441:
7427:
7415:
7385:
7350:
7334:
7320:
7308:
7296:
7283:
7276:
7258:
7239:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7202:
7187:
7175:
7163:
7150:
7148:
7147:
7144:
7129:Frawley, David
7118:
7116:
7115:
7108:
7093:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7085:
7082:
7079:
7078:
7057:
7012:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6961:
6958:
6927:
6924:
6874:. The ancient
6844:Main article:
6841:
6838:
6785:Main article:
6782:
6779:
6764:adharmāstikāya
6736:pudgalāstikāya
6668:
6663:
6653:
6581:
6580:
6578:
6577:
6570:
6563:
6555:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6549:
6534:
6533:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6492:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6484:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6455:
6451:
6450:
6449:
6446:
6445:
6442:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6426:
6420:
6416:
6415:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6407:
6406:
6399:
6396:Silappatikaram
6392:
6385:
6378:
6371:
6364:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6314:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6233:
6229:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6193:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6180:
6179:
6174:
6168:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6134:
6133:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6007:
6006:
5998:
5997:
5991:
5990:
5976:Main article:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5961:
5958:
5936:
5933:
5920:
5917:
5897:is one of the
5841:The status of
5814:
5811:
5765:
5764:
5762:
5761:
5754:
5747:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5521:Pratyekabuddha
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5497:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5476:Buddhist chant
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5397:
5392:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5337:
5334:Buddhist texts
5332:
5331:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5308:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5262:
5261:
5251:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5236:
5230:
5229:
5228:
5225:
5224:
5221:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5170:
5169:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5149:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5133:
5132:
5113:
5110:
5085:The notion of
5079:Main article:
5076:
5075:Dharma and law
5073:
5041:
5038:
4913:
4910:
4878:
4847:
4844:
4790:
4787:
4786:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4770:
4746:
4743:
4648:Daniel Ingalls
4643:
4640:
4629:attributed to
4626:Mimamsa Sutras
4615:
4612:
4602:
4592:, as follows:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4532:
4529:stages of life
4525:
4518:
4512:
4509:stages of life
4505:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4362:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4281:
4280:
4275:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4229:Discrimination
4225:
4224:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4211:
4210:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4120:Abirami Antati
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4006:
4005:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3985:
3978:
3971:
3968:Ramcharitmanas
3964:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3919:Pramana Sutras
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3891:Mimamsa Sutras
3887:
3884:Samkhya Sutras
3880:
3873:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3849:Dharma Shastra
3844:
3843:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3486:
3483:Shvetashvatara
3479:
3472:
3465:
3458:
3455:Brihadaranyaka
3450:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3360:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3265:Upasni Maharaj
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3091:Vedanta Desika
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3011:Samarth Ramdas
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2961:Purandara Dasa
2958:
2953:
2948:
2946:Nimbarkacharya
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Jayanta Bhatta
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2767:
2766:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2484:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2396:Raksha Bandhan
2393:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2278:Simantonnayana
2275:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Carnatic music
2224:
2219:
2214:
2212:Bhagavata Mela
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2156:Kundalini yoga
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:Stages of life
1604:
1601:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:God and gender
1564:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1502:
1500:Gross elements
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:Itihasa-Purana
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1051:
1048:
1038:
973:
970:
900:
897:
877:Zoroastrianism
833:, and once as
752:
749:
582:
579:
489:Vedic Sanskrit
434:Vedic Sanskrit
420:, which means
340:
337:
196:untranslatable
194:is held as an
119:
112:
111:
107:stages of life
104:
97:
96:
95:
90:
83:
82:
78:
71:
70:
69:
64:
57:
56:
53:(non-violence)
48:
41:
40:
39:
35:
34:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11340:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11285:
11283:
11268:
11265:
11263:
11260:
11258:
11255:
11253:
11250:
11248:
11245:
11243:
11240:
11238:
11235:
11233:
11230:
11228:
11225:
11223:
11220:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11158:
11155:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11140:
11138:
11135:
11133:
11130:
11128:
11125:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
11110:
11108:
11105:
11103:
11102:Parinama-vada
11100:
11098:
11095:
11093:
11090:
11088:
11085:
11083:
11080:
11078:
11075:
11073:
11070:
11068:
11065:
11063:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11045:
11043:
11040:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10973:
10970:
10968:
10965:
10963:
10960:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10948:
10945:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10905:
10903:
10900:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10868:
10865:
10863:
10860:
10858:
10855:
10853:
10850:
10848:
10845:
10843:
10840:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10830:
10828:
10825:
10823:
10820:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10808:
10802:
10799:
10797:
10794:
10792:
10789:
10787:
10784:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10772:
10769:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10727:
10726:Padmasambhāva
10724:
10722:
10719:
10717:
10714:
10712:
10709:
10707:
10704:
10702:
10699:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10631:Maṇḍana Miśra
10629:
10627:
10624:
10622:
10621:Abhinavagupta
10619:
10617:
10614:
10613:
10611:
10607:
10601:
10598:
10596:
10595:
10594:Yoga Vasistha
10591:
10589:
10588:
10584:
10582:
10579:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10571:
10567:
10563:
10560:
10559:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10552:
10548:
10546:
10545:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10514:
10512:
10511:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10500:
10497:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10487:All 108 texts
10485:
10484:
10483:
10482:
10478:
10476:
10475:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10458:
10457:Dharmashastra
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10446:
10442:
10440:
10439:
10435:
10433:
10432:
10431:Bhagavad Gita
10428:
10426:
10425:
10421:
10419:
10418:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10407:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10385:Integral yoga
10383:
10382:
10380:
10376:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10354:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10331:
10330:Shuddhadvaita
10328:
10326:
10323:
10321:
10318:
10316:
10313:
10311:
10308:
10306:
10303:
10302:
10301:
10298:
10297:
10295:
10291:
10279:
10276:
10274:
10271:
10269:
10266:
10264:
10261:
10259:
10256:
10255:
10254:
10250:
10247:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10235:
10234:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10214:
10212:
10210:
10206:
10200:
10197:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10184:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10149:
10146:
10145:
10143:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10130:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10078:
10074:
10070:
10063:
10058:
10056:
10051:
10049:
10044:
10043:
10040:
10033:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10004:
9998:
9994:
9993:
9987:
9984:
9980:
9976:
9972:
9971:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9957:
9952:
9951:
9941:
9940:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9913:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9897:
9893:
9889:
9885:
9881:
9877:
9875:0-275-99006-0
9871:
9867:
9862:
9858:
9852:
9848:
9843:
9839:
9834:
9830:
9826:
9822:
9818:
9814:
9810:
9805:
9801:
9799:0-19-283882-2
9795:
9791:
9787:
9783:
9779:
9775:
9771:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9753:
9749:
9745:
9740:
9736:
9732:
9728:
9724:
9720:
9716:
9711:
9707:
9701:
9697:
9696:
9690:
9686:
9680:
9676:
9675:
9669:
9665:
9663:9780826440273
9659:
9655:
9650:
9646:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9626:
9621:
9617:
9613:
9609:
9605:
9601:
9597:
9592:
9588:
9582:
9578:
9577:
9572:
9568:
9564:
9560:
9556:
9552:
9548:
9544:
9543:
9537:
9533:
9527:
9523:
9518:
9514:
9510:
9506:
9502:
9498:
9494:
9489:
9485:
9481:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9465:
9460:
9456:
9450:
9446:
9441:
9437:
9435:1-85567-102-6
9431:
9427:
9423:
9419:
9415:
9409:
9405:
9400:
9396:
9392:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9376:
9372:
9366:
9362:
9361:
9355:
9351:
9347:
9343:
9339:
9334:
9330:
9326:
9322:
9318:
9314:
9310:
9306:
9302:
9298:
9293:
9292:
9280:
9274:
9268:, p. 70.
9267:
9262:
9254:
9248:
9244:
9237:
9229:
9222:
9214:
9210:
9206:
9202:
9198:
9194:
9190:
9189:
9184:
9177:
9171:, p. 75.
9170:
9165:
9157:
9151:
9147:
9146:
9138:
9130:
9124:
9120:
9119:
9111:
9103:
9097:
9093:
9092:
9084:
9076:
9074:90-04-03591-5
9070:
9066:
9065:
9057:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9036:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9015:
9008:
9004:
9000:
8996:
8990:
8982:
8976:
8972:
8971:
8966:
8960:
8958:
8949:
8943:
8939:
8938:
8930:
8924:, p. 22.
8923:
8918:
8911:
8906:
8899:
8894:
8886:
8880:
8876:
8875:
8867:
8859:
8853:
8849:
8848:
8840:
8833:
8828:
8820:
8818:
8809:
8807:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8778:
8774:
8770:
8763:
8756:
8752:
8746:
8744:
8734:
8727:
8721:
8713:
8706:
8699:
8695:
8690:
8681:
8674:
8670:
8666:
8660:
8658:
8656:
8646:
8643:
8640:
8639:Potter (1958)
8637:
8634:
8633:Koller (1972)
8631:
8630:
8626:
8624:
8615:
8609:
8605:
8598:
8591:
8586:
8579:
8575:
8569:
8560:
8551:
8550:Koller (1972)
8548:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8537:
8530:
8526:
8520:
8511:
8504:
8499:
8497:
8495:
8493:
8491:
8483:
8478:
8476:
8468:
8467:Olivelle 1999
8463:
8461:
8459:
8450:(in Sanskrit)
8445:
8438:
8433:
8426:
8421:
8414:
8409:
8402:
8397:
8395:
8386:
8380:
8373:
8372:0-88706-807-3
8369:
8363:
8361:
8359:
8352:
8348:
8345:
8341:
8337:
8333:
8332:Smith, Huston
8328:
8317:
8312:
8303:
8300:
8296:
8293:
8292:81-208-0638-7
8289:
8285:
8281:
8280:
8276:
8268:
8264:
8258:
8251:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8235:
8231:
8227:
8226:9780226252506
8223:
8219:
8213:
8207:, p. 43.
8206:
8201:
8187:
8183:
8179:
8172:
8165:
8161:
8157:
8153:
8148:
8146:
8138:
8133:
8127:, p. 12.
8126:
8121:
8114:
8109:
8102:
8097:
8095:
8087:
8086:Fritzman 2015
8082:
8076:, p. 50.
8075:
8070:
8063:
8057:
8048:
8045:
8042:
8038:
8034:
8030:
8029:
8025:
8018:
8013:
8011:
8004:
8000:
7996:
7990:
7983:
7978:
7971:
7965:
7959:
7955:
7951:
7948:
7943:
7936:
7935:0-415-21527-7
7932:
7928:
7922:
7915:
7910:
7908:
7900:
7895:
7888:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7875:
7873:
7864:
7858:
7854:
7853:
7845:
7838:
7834:
7830:
7826:
7821:
7819:
7809:
7802:
7797:
7790:
7785:
7778:
7774:
7768:
7760:, p. 37.
7759:
7756:
7753:
7752:Coward (2004)
7750:
7747:
7744:
7743:
7739:
7730:
7727:
7724:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7709:
7702:
7697:
7695:
7688:, p. 58.
7687:
7682:
7673:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7647:
7643:
7642:
7638:
7629:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7620:Bowker (2018)
7618:
7617:
7613:
7604:
7600:
7596:
7593:
7589:
7585:
7584:
7580:
7578:
7576:
7574:
7567:, p. 57.
7566:
7561:
7552:
7548:
7544:
7540:
7537:
7535:
7530:
7527:
7526:
7522:
7515:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7481:
7474:
7469:
7467:
7465:
7463:
7461:
7459:
7457:
7455:
7445:
7442:
7439:
7438:Rocher (2003)
7436:
7435:
7431:
7425:, p. 36.
7424:
7419:
7404:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7381:
7377:
7373:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7354:
7347:
7343:
7338:
7330:
7324:
7317:
7316:Brereton 2004
7312:
7305:
7300:
7293:
7287:
7279:
7273:
7269:
7262:
7255:
7251:
7246:
7244:
7235:
7231:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7218:
7216:
7214:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7195:
7191:
7184:
7179:
7172:
7167:
7160:
7154:
7145:
7142:
7138:
7134:
7130:
7127:
7126:
7122:
7113:
7109:
7106:
7103:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7075:
7071:
7067:
7061:
7054:
7050:
7046:
7042:
7038:
7034:
7030:
7026:
7022:
7016:
7009:
7008:
7001:
6999:
6997:
6992:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6951:
6950:
6945:
6944:Ashoka Chakra
6941:
6932:
6923:
6921:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6908:
6903:
6900:), and kama (
6899:
6895:
6891:
6887:
6883:
6882:
6877:
6873:
6869:
6865:
6861:
6857:
6853:
6847:
6837:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6793:
6788:
6778:
6776:
6771:
6770:dharmāstikāya
6765:
6759:
6758:dharmāstikāya
6753:
6752:
6745:
6744:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6723:
6722:
6715:
6714:
6707:
6706:
6699:
6694:
6686:
6681:
6680:dharmāstikāya
6674:
6667:
6666:Dharmāstikāya
6658:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6639:
6629:
6613:
6608:
6604:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6588:
6576:
6571:
6569:
6564:
6562:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6537:
6536:
6535:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6491:
6490:
6483:
6480:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6458:
6448:
6447:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6425:
6422:
6421:
6413:
6412:
6405:
6404:
6400:
6398:
6397:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6386:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6363:
6362:
6358:
6356:
6355:
6351:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6326:
6325:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6309:
6308:
6298:
6297:
6290:
6287:
6285:
6282:
6280:
6279:Samantabhadra
6277:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6230:Major figures
6226:
6225:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6207:Navkar Mantra
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6186:
6185:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6163:
6162:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6143:Satya (truth)
6141:
6139:
6136:
6135:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6127:
6117:
6116:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6045:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6009:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5983:
5979:
5966:
5962:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5932:
5930:
5926:
5925:Chan Buddhism
5919:Chan Buddhism
5916:
5914:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5891:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5877:
5872:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5852:
5849:" (Sanskrit:
5848:
5844:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5810:
5808:
5804:
5803:dhamma/dharma
5800:
5796:
5792:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5772:
5760:
5755:
5753:
5748:
5746:
5741:
5740:
5738:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5721:
5720:
5719:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5605:
5600:
5599:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5540:
5539:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5500:
5495:
5494:
5487:
5486:Vegetarianism
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Recollections
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5411:Five precepts
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5395:
5390:
5389:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5376:Chinese canon
5374:
5372:
5371:Tibetan canon
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5322:
5319:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5307:
5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5141:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5125:
5122:
5119:
5109:
5106:
5101:
5097:
5096:Dharmashastra
5093:
5088:
5082:
5072:
5069:
5064:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5037:
5035:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4923:
4919:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4805:
4803:
4799:
4797:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4749:According to
4742:
4740:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4683:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4649:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4607:
4601:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4583:
4579:
4578:
4573:
4569:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4544:
4540:
4536:
4533:
4530:
4526:
4523:
4520:Āpad dharma,
4519:
4516:
4513:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4489:In Hinduism,
4487:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4427:
4422:
4420:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4399:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4303:
4299:Hindu culture
4297:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4251:Organisations
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4054:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4013:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3977:
3976:
3975:Yoga Vasistha
3972:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3940:Natya Shastra
3937:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3921:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3877:Brahma Sutras
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3823:Sthapatyaveda
3820:
3818:
3817:
3816:Gandharvaveda
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3777:Varaha Purana
3774:
3772:
3771:
3770:Skanda Purana
3767:
3765:
3764:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:Brahma Purana
3704:
3702:
3701:
3700:Garuda Purana
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:Matsya Purana
3690:
3688:
3687:
3686:Vāmana Purana
3683:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3658:Vishnu Purana
3655:
3654:
3650:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3602:Bhagavad Gita
3599:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Radhakrishnan
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Narayana Guru
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:Jaggi Vasudev
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Chinmayananda
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:Ramprasad Sen
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2846:Gorakshanatha
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:Allama Prabhu
2784:
2782:
2781:Akka Mahadevi
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2771:Abhinavagupta
2769:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:Prashastapada
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2580:Other schools
2578:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2556:Shuddhadvaita
2553:
2551:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2237:Kalaripayattu
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:Bharatanatyam
2170:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2051:Nritta-Nritya
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1012:Day proposes
1010:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
969:
967:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
939:Emperor Asoka
932:
928:
927:
922:
918:
914:
913:Emperor Asoka
910:
905:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
873:
867:
865:
861:
858:
854:
850:
849:Indo-European
846:
844:
841:and twice as
840:
837:, 4 times as
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
811:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
763:
758:
755:According to
748:
746:
742:
739:In Buddhism,
737:
735:
731:
727:
726:
721:
716:
714:
710:
706:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
636:", "order", "
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
578:
576:
574:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:
540:
536:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
500:
494:
490:
487:, and in the
486:
481:
479:
478:
473:
469:
467:
461:
457:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
410:
386:
378:
374:
370:
369:Brahmi script
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
336:
334:
330:
329:
324:
321:), and kama (
320:
316:
312:
311:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
281:
276:
272:
271:
270:dhamma/dharma
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
230:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
182:
176:
167:
162:
156:
132:
123:
116:
108:
105:Sannyasa and
101:
87:
75:
61:
52:
45:
29:
22:
11303:Buddhist law
11202:Iccha-mrityu
11167:Satkaryavada
11067:Nididhyasana
11052:Matsya Nyaya
10971:
10786:Madhvacharya
10616:Adi Shankara
10609:Philosophers
10592:
10585:
10568:
10549:
10542:
10533:Shiva Sutras
10523:Sangam texts
10515:
10508:
10499:Nyāya Sūtras
10479:
10472:
10455:
10445:Brahma Sutra
10444:
10436:
10429:
10424:Arthashastra
10422:
10415:
10357:Pratyabhijna
10237:Anekantavada
9991:
9982:
9969:
9955:
9938:
9920:
9916:
9891:
9887:
9865:
9846:
9837:
9812:
9808:
9789:
9751:
9747:
9718:
9714:
9694:
9673:
9653:
9628:
9624:
9599:
9595:
9575:
9546:
9540:
9521:
9496:
9492:
9467:
9463:
9444:
9425:
9422:Flood, Gavin
9403:
9386:
9382:
9359:
9344:(2): 43–61.
9341:
9337:
9304:
9300:
9278:
9273:
9261:
9242:
9236:
9227:
9221:
9192:
9186:
9176:
9164:
9144:
9137:
9117:
9110:
9090:
9083:
9063:
9056:
9040:
9035:
9019:
9014:
8994:
8989:
8969:
8936:
8929:
8917:
8905:
8893:
8873:
8866:
8846:
8839:
8827:
8816:
8780:
8776:
8772:
8768:
8762:
8754:
8733:
8725:
8720:
8711:
8705:
8697:
8689:
8680:
8664:
8603:
8597:
8590:Widgery 1930
8585:
8576:, New York:
8573:
8568:
8559:
8536:
8528:
8524:
8519:
8510:
8444:
8432:
8420:
8408:
8384:
8379:
8327:
8311:
8298:
8275:
8257:
8250:Ingalls 1957
8212:
8205:Ingalls 1957
8200:
8190:, retrieved
8181:
8171:
8155:
8132:
8120:
8115:, p. 8.
8108:
8081:
8069:
8056:
8047:Rosen (2006)
8032:
8024:
7994:
7989:
7977:
7969:
7964:
7949:
7942:
7926:
7921:
7894:
7851:
7844:
7836:
7832:
7828:
7808:
7796:
7784:
7767:
7746:Flood (1998)
7738:
7728:
7719:
7708:
7681:
7671:
7652:
7645:
7637:
7625:
7612:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7587:
7560:
7542:
7533:
7521:
7485:
7480:
7430:
7418:
7408:14 September
7406:. Retrieved
7400:
7363:
7359:
7353:
7337:
7323:
7311:
7299:
7291:
7286:
7267:
7261:
7253:
7233:
7198:
7190:
7178:
7166:
7158:
7153:
7132:
7121:
7111:
7097:
7073:
7065:
7060:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7036:
7032:
7028:
7024:
7020:
7015:
7005:
6953:
6949:dharmachakra
6947:
6939:
6937:
6919:
6915:
6905:
6901:
6897:
6893:
6889:
6885:
6879:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6849:
6829:
6804:
6798:
6689:धर्मास्तिकाय
6676:
6665:
6656:
6650:
6627:
6600:
6598:
6586:
6584:
6517:Jain symbols
6401:
6394:
6387:
6380:
6373:
6366:
6359:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6256:
6217:Jai Jinendra
6190:Jain prayers
6164:
6130:
6078:Kevala Jnana
6048:Anekantavada
5964:
5954:
5945:
5938:
5922:
5907:
5899:Three Jewels
5894:
5892:
5887:
5883:
5873:
5868:
5860:
5854:
5850:
5847:three realms
5842:
5840:
5835:
5822:
5818:
5816:
5802:
5794:
5790:
5770:
5768:
5436:Merit making
5401:Three Jewels
5341:Buddhavacana
5271:Impermanence
5259:Dharma wheel
5233:
5121:
5104:
5099:
5091:
5086:
5084:
5067:
5065:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5044:
5043:
5033:
5016:
5014:
4993:
4990:four āśramas
4987:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4961:
4953:
4945:
4941:
4937:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4905:
4889:
4887:
4881:
4873:
4872:and what is
4869:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4850:
4849:
4840:
4836:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4798:of Patanjali
4795:
4792:
4762:
4758:
4748:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4718:Yudhishthira
4705:
4702:Yudhishthira
4693:
4689:
4684:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4642:In the Epics
4634:
4624:
4618:
4617:
4597:
4595:
4575:
4571:
4559:
4553:
4538:
4521:
4501:
4490:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4476:
4463:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4436:
4435:
4358: /
4354: /
4350: /
4346: /
4344:and Buddhism
4342: /
4306:Architecture
4269:Other topics
4207:
4190:
4162:Four varnas:
4161:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4041:
4023:
4016:
4009:
3987:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3952:
3947:Panchatantra
3945:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3898:Nyāya Sūtras
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3861:
3856:Artha Śastra
3854:
3847:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3763:Kūrma Purana
3761:
3756:Linga Purana
3754:
3749:Shiva Purana
3747:
3740:
3735:Padma Purana
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3633:
3626:
3611:s (Hinduism)
3608:
3600:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3521:Atharvaveda:
3520:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3467:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3385:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3235:Shraddhanand
3210:Ravi Shankar
3190:R. D. Ranade
3051:Śyāma Śastri
3046:Swaminarayan
3006:Rupa Goswami
2916:Morya Gosavi
2876:Jiva Goswami
2776:Adi Shankara
2602:Pratyabhijña
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2526:
2333:Samavartanam
2313:Vidyāraṃbhaṃ
2298:Annaprashana
2222:Dandiya Raas
2197:Mohiniyattam
2090:Nididhyāsana
1895:Epistemology
1827:Brahmacharya
1707:Ātman (self)
1670:
1614:Brahmacharya
1582:
1543:Saccidānanda
1495:Panchikarana
1371:
1304:
1295: /
1291:Other major
1215:
1149:
1148:
1103:
1035:
1032:are linked:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1002:
985:
981:
977:
975:
963:
936:
930:
924:
920:
880:
870:
868:
864:Indo-Iranian
859:
852:
847:
842:
838:
834:
831:satyadharman
830:
822:
816:
812:
788:
774:
766:
760:
759:, author of
754:
740:
738:
733:
729:
723:
719:
717:
712:
708:
704:
699:
679:
675:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
650:
641:
621:
619:
614:
610:
584:
570:
559:he used the
542:
538:
529:
524:
516:
507:: धर्म). In
496:
482:
475:
463:
459:
453:
440:
436:
429:
425:
421:
417:
384:
382:
352:
332:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
300:
298:
293:
279:
268:
248:
242:
233:
227:
223:
211:
209:
200:
191:
130:
129:
11323:Natural law
11308:Puruṣārthas
11247:Vivartavada
11137:Rājamaṇḍala
11092:Paramananda
10892:Apauruṣheyā
10887:Anupalabdhi
10746:Vivekananda
10711:Dharmakirti
10671:Buddhaghosa
10661:Yājñavalkya
10468:Jain Agamas
10463:Hindu texts
10342:Navya-Nyāya
10278:Svatantrika
10273:Sautrāntika
10162:Vaisheshika
9868:. Praeger.
8965:Paul Dundas
8773:Mizuko Kuyo
8726:Ratio Juris
8482:Hacker 2006
8469:, p. .
8403:, p. .
8137:Grimes 1996
8125:Grimes 1996
8101:Grimes 1996
8074:Conlon 1994
7914:Koller 1972
7887:Hacker 2006
7801:Horsch 2004
7789:Horsch 2004
7718:"adharma",
7686:Jacobs 2010
7663:, pp. 80–95
7565:Jacobs 2010
7473:Horsch 2004
7344:, pp.
7183:Coward 2004
7101:see below:
6803:, the word
6775:metaphysics
6725:(non-soul,
6693:ontological
6612:daśa dharma
6609:, mentions
6527:Topics list
6452:Pilgrimages
6403:Valayapathi
6302:Major sects
6289:Yashovijaya
6093:Brahmacarya
5856:bhavachakra
5671:New Zealand
5526:Bodhisattva
5511:Four Stages
5466:Monasticism
5446:Mindfulness
5416:Perfections
5346:Early Texts
4998:brahmacārya
4894:Paul Hacker
4814:, suggests
4810:is part of
4796:Yoga Sutras
4687:Mahabharata
4562:concept in
4535:Yuga dharma
4470:, conduct,
4352:and Judaism
4348:and Sikhism
4316:Iconography
4241:Nationalism
4234:Persecution
4018:Shiva Stuti
3912:Yoga Sutras
3742:Agni Purana
3644:Other texts
3635:Mahabharata
3378:Atharvaveda
3275:Vivekananda
3200:Rama Tirtha
3195:Ramakrishna
3170:Nigamananda
3160:Mahesh Yogi
3036:Sripadaraja
3026:Siddheshwar
2921:Mukundarāja
2901:Madhusūdana
2891:Kanaka Dasa
2811:Chakradhara
2755:Yajnavalkya
2745:Vishvamitra
2614:Pancharatra
2512:Vaisheshika
2468:Ratha Yatra
2416:Janmashtami
2411:Rama Navami
2328:Ritushuddhi
2303:Chudakarana
2293:Nishkramana
2263:Garbhadhana
2232:Pandav Lila
2141:Bhakti yoga
2026:Prāyaścitta
1797:Niti śastra
1645:Bhakti yoga
1624:Vānaprastha
1439:Vishvakarma
1372:Post-Vedic:
1208:Vaishnavism
1150:Traditional
955:Paul Hacker
917:Afghanistan
891:, Sumerian
887:, Egyptian
807:Atharvaveda
765:, the word
732:, the word
537:translated
493:Atharvaveda
286:Tirthankara
11282:Categories
11197:Svātantrya
11087:Paramatman
11042:Kshetrajna
11017:Ishvaratva
10957:Cittabhumi
10952:Chidabhasa
10902:Asiddhatva
10822:Abhasavada
10796:Guru Nanak
10731:Vasubandhu
10557:Upanishads
10551:Tirukkuṟaḷ
10510:Panchadasi
10315:Bhedabheda
10263:Madhyamaka
10103:Monotheism
9531:0791430677
8783:(2): 477.
8694:Gonda, Jan
8437:Woods 1914
8425:Woods 1914
8413:Woods 1914
8401:Woods 1914
8228:. p. 124.
8192:2024-04-11
8178:"Kumārila"
8031:"Dharma",
7993:"Dharma",
7514:Rosen 2006
7366:(3): 351.
7171:Flood 1994
7084:References
6971:Dhammapada
6896:), artha (
6881:Tirukkuṟaḷ
6739:), space (
6605:, a major
6439:Samvatsari
6434:Paryushana
6317:Śvetāmbara
6284:Haribhadra
6274:Siddhasena
6269:Kundakunda
6177:Sallekhana
6103:Gunasthana
6098:Aparigraha
6040:Philosophy
5787:the Buddha
5544:Traditions
5481:Pilgrimage
5421:Meditation
5381:Post-canon
5361:Pāli Canon
5291:Middle Way
5188:The Buddha
5116:See also:
5006:vānprastha
4933:Manusmriti
4922:Puruṣārtha
4757:explained
4755:Vātsyāyana
4635:Mimamsakas
4568:Upanishads
4192:Varna-less
4064:Tiruppukal
4025:Vayu Stuti
3989:Panchadasi
3982:Swara yoga
3870:Kama Sutra
3809:Dhanurveda
3469:Taittiriya
3447:Yajurveda:
3439:Kaushitaki
3416:Upanishads
3408:Upanishads
3332:Scriptures
3180:Prabhupada
3096:Vidyaranya
2981:Ram Charan
2956:Prabhākara
2871:Jayatīrtha
2821:Dadu Dayal
2816:Chāngadeva
2675:Bharadwaja
2665:Ashtavakra
2431:Kumbh Mela
2379:Durga Puja
2308:Karnavedha
2288:Nāmakaraṇa
2217:Yakshagana
2146:Karma yoga
2136:Jnana yoga
2131:Hatha yoga
2068:Meditation
2041:Tirthadana
1822:Aparigraha
1678:Paramātman
1663:Liberation
1655:Karma yoga
1650:Jnana yoga
1379:Dattatreya
1179:Traditions
1104:Historical
857:Indo-Aryan
835:dharmavant
745:the Buddha
688:Upanishads
581:Definition
519:. In some
505:Devanagari
426:to support
317:), artha (
310:Tirukkuṟaḷ
282:in Jainism
238:Puruṣārtha
171:pronounced
11298:Hindu law
11057:Mithyatva
10947:Chaitanya
10942:Catuṣkoṭi
10907:Asatkalpa
10882:Anavastha
10857:Aishvarya
10776:Sakayanya
10771:Sadananda
10736:Gaudapada
10721:Nagarjuna
10676:Patañjali
10492:Principal
10474:Kamasutra
10268:Yogachara
10187:Raseśvara
9967:(1955) .
9849:. Wiley.
9778:234164343
9770:2331-1886
9484:146705129
9329:170807380
9321:0022-1791
9213:144101632
8970:The Jains
8922:Jain 2012
8910:Jain 2011
8898:Cort 2001
8832:Cort 2001
7726:"adharma"
7380:1467-9795
7089:Citations
7004:From the
6966:Ayyavazhi
6912:Naladiyar
6828:connotes
6747:), time (
6677:The term
6607:Jain text
6585:The word
6512:Jain flag
6502:Ekendriya
6477:Shikharji
6417:Festivals
6312:Digambara
6264:Ganadhara
6053:Cosmology
5951:Pariyatti
5946:In Pali:
5941:Theravada
5807:phenomena
5795:paṭipatti
5791:pariyatti
5691:Sri Lanka
5681:Singapore
5636:Indonesia
5576:Vajrayāna
5551:Theravāda
5506:Awakening
5394:Practices
5351:Tripiṭaka
5321:Cosmology
5296:Emptiness
5276:Suffering
5081:Hindu law
4952:). Other
4902:atmatusti
4816:Patanjali
4608:, 1.4.xiv
4515:Svadharma
4366:Criticism
4360:and Islam
4321:Mythology
4174:Kshatriya
4106:Athichudi
4043:Tirumurai
3961:Tirumurai
3570:Vyākaraṇa
3506:Chandogya
3498:Samaveda:
3386:Divisions
3364:Yajurveda
3324:Ātmatuṣṭi
3280:Yogananda
3255:Trailanga
3250:Sivananda
3115:Aurobindo
3101:Vyasaraja
3066:Tyagaraja
3016:Sankardev
2986:Ramananda
2881:Jñāneśvar
2856:Harivansh
2841:Gaudapada
2801:Chaitanya
2740:Vashistha
2710:Patanjali
2690:Jamadagni
2609:Vaishnava
2597:Pashupata
2374:Navaratri
2351:Festivals
2318:Upanayana
2283:Jatakarma
2268:Pumsavana
2187:Kuchipudi
2182:Kathakali
2151:Rāja yoga
2085:Samādhāna
1966:Prarthana
1940:Practices
1867:Svādhyāya
1471:Mythology
1466:Cosmology
1459:Worldview
1404:Kartikeya
1335:Prajapati
1274:Saraswati
793:, mainly
555:. In the
383:The word
367:) in the
363:: Dharma
339:Etymology
275:phenomena
11222:Tanmatra
11217:Tajjalan
11207:Syādvāda
11107:Pradhana
11082:Padārtha
11047:Lakshana
10992:Ekagrata
10837:Adrishta
10832:Adarsana
10810:Concepts
10791:Mahavira
10756:Ramanuja
10706:Chanakya
10641:Avatsara
10636:Valluvar
10576:Vedangas
10390:Gandhism
10293:Medieval
10242:Syādvāda
10227:Charvaka
10199:Pāṇiniya
10093:Idealism
9788:(1999).
9616:23497148
9573:(2011).
9563:23497312
8967:(2003).
8797:30673995
8347:Archived
8267:Archived
8234:59170383
8186:archived
7982:Day 1982
7529:"Dharma"
7397:"dharma"
7304:Day 1982
7230:"Dharma"
7131:(2009),
6960:See also
6685:Sanskrit
6654:—
6647:writes:
6596:(holy).
6467:Palitana
6252:Mahavira
6242:Rishabha
6172:Sāmāyika
6023:Timeline
5987:a series
5985:Part of
5851:tridhatu
5830:and the
5701:Thailand
5661:Mongolia
5656:Malaysia
5621:Cambodia
5586:Navayana
5566:Hinayana
5561:Mahāyāna
5471:Lay life
5301:Morality
5281:Not-self
5239:Concepts
5198:Councils
5183:Timeline
5155:Glossary
5137:Buddhism
5129:a series
5127:Part of
5112:Buddhism
5010:sannyāsa
5002:gṛhastha
4879:—
4857:states:
4710:Ramayana
4690:, dharma
4679:Lakshman
4655:Ramayana
4603:—
4582:Sanskrit
4441:Hinduism
4379:Glossary
4311:Calendar
4246:Hindutva
4169:Brahmana
3840:samhitas
3832:Shastras
3802:Ayurveda
3793:Upavedas
3628:Ramayana
3619:Itihasas
3585:Jyotisha
3552:Vedangas
3536:Mandukya
3432:Aitareya
3424:Rigveda:
3403:Aranyaka
3398:Brahmana
3371:Samaveda
3086:Valluvar
3081:Vallabha
3061:Tulsidas
2991:Ramanuja
2941:Nayanars
2926:Namadeva
2763:Medieval
2705:Kashyapa
2621:Charvaka
2592:Kapalika
2456:Puthandu
2446:Vaisakhi
2343:Antyesti
2323:Keshanta
2247:Adimurai
2242:Silambam
2207:Sattriya
2192:Manipuri
1877:Mitahara
1857:Santosha
1817:Achourya
1629:Sannyasa
1619:Gṛhastha
1478:Ontology
1452:Concepts
1240:Trimurti
1203:Smartism
1198:Shaktism
1193:Shaivism
1067:Hinduism
1059:a series
1057:Part of
1050:Hinduism
1039:—
959:eusebeia
926:eusebeia
843:dhariman
827:Rig-veda
819:Hinduism
694:and the
669:sanatana
646:loanword
599:Buddhism
595:Hinduism
551:and the
544:eusebeia
466:dhárman-
441:dharman-
415:Sanskrit
361:Sanskrit
353:dha-ṃ-ma
245:Buddhism
220:Hinduism
161:Sanskrit
122:teachers
11267:More...
11237:Upekkhā
11232:Uparati
11212:Taijasa
11187:Śūnyatā
11157:Saṃsāra
11152:Samadhi
11117:Prakṛti
11072:Nirvāṇa
11022:Jivatva
11012:Ikshana
10967:Devatas
10937:Bhumika
10927:Brahman
10917:Avyakta
10862:Akrodha
10842:Advaita
10801:More...
10696:Jaimini
10600:More...
10310:Advaita
10300:Vedanta
10258:Śūnyatā
10217:Ājīvika
10209:Nāstika
10177:Vedanta
10172:Mīmāṃsā
10152:Samkhya
10132:Ancient
10088:Atomism
10083:Atheism
9908:1396832
9829:1397421
9735:1398120
9645:1396833
9513:1396742
9289:Sources
9199:: 453.
7837:dhárman
7829:dhárman
7630:, 2007.
7252:(1986)
6809:Punjabi
6795:Sikhism
6787:Sikhism
6781:Sikhism
6729:anātman
6709:(soul,
6620:
6593:mangala
6507:Temples
6258:Arihant
6108:Saṃsāra
6018:History
5995:Jainism
5972:Jainism
5865:essence
5863:as the
5711:Vietnam
5666:Myanmar
5581:Tibetan
5571:Chinese
5499:Nirvāṇa
5316:Saṃsāra
5311:Rebirth
5176:History
5165:Outline
4967:asramas
4874:Adharma
4866:Adharma
4846:Sources
4831:niyamas
4793:In the
4722:deities
4685:In the
4631:Jaimini
4620:Mimamsa
4472:virtues
4384:Outline
4179:Vaishya
4147:Society
3998:Stotras
3649:Puranas
3575:Nirukta
3565:Chandas
3560:Shiksha
3543:Prashna
3529:Mundaka
3393:Samhita
3357:Rigveda
3220:Samarth
3056:Tukaram
3001:Ravidas
2735:Valmiki
2685:Jaimini
2655:Angiras
2650:Agastya
2642:Ancient
2528:Advaita
2522:Vedanta
2517:Mīmāṃsā
2497:Samkhya
2384:Ramlila
2126:Sādhanā
2016:Tarpana
2001:Kīrtana
1996:Bhajana
1947:Worship
1872:Shaucha
1847:Akrodha
1693:Saṃsāra
1557:Ishvara
1526:Nirguna
1521:Brahman
1485:Tattvas
1409:Krishna
1394:Hanuman
1389:Ganesha
1325:Chandra
1320:Ashvins
1284:Parvati
1279:Lakshmi
1266:Tridevi
1232:Deities
1139:Śramaṇa
1119:History
1100:Origins
1090:History
1022:Rigveda
966:deities
951:Aramaic
860:dhárman
839:dharman
823:Dharman
803:deities
791:Deities
783:Brahman
779:Rigveda
771:Rigveda
751:History
734:adharma
725:adharma
692:Puranas
607:Jainism
603:Sikhism
561:Aramaic
509:Prakrit
499:dhárma-
491:of the
472:deities
462:-stem,
456:Rigveda
454:In the
422:to hold
375:in his
349:Prakrit
290:Sikhism
205:adharma
11242:Utsaha
11192:Sutram
11182:Sthiti
11177:Sphoṭa
11147:Sakshi
11132:Puruṣa
11112:Prajna
11077:Niyama
11037:Kasaya
10982:Dravya
10972:Dharma
10932:Bhuman
10922:Bhrama
10877:Ananta
10872:Anatta
10867:Aksara
10852:Ahimsa
10827:Abheda
10817:Abhava
10766:Raikva
10686:Kapila
10681:Kanada
10378:Modern
10352:Shaiva
10320:Dvaita
10222:Ajñana
10182:Shaiva
10140:Āstika
10123:Moksha
10076:Topics
9999:
9906:
9872:
9853:
9827:
9796:
9776:
9768:
9733:
9702:
9681:
9660:
9643:
9614:
9583:
9561:
9528:
9511:
9482:
9451:
9432:
9410:
9367:
9327:
9319:
9249:
9211:
9152:
9125:
9098:
9071:
9047:
9026:
9001:
8977:
8944:
8881:
8854:
8817:Dhamma
8795:
8769:Dharma
8751:dhamma
8671:
8610:
8370:
8338:
8290:
8232:
8224:
8162:
8039:
8001:
7956:
7947:"Māyā"
7933:
7859:
7833:darmān
7716:अधर्मा
7659:
7549:
7492:
7378:
7274:
7139:
7053:dhamma
7047:, Sk.
7037:dharma
7033:dhamma
7025:dharma
7021:dharma
6954:dharma
6940:dharma
6920:dharma
6910:. The
6890:dharma
6872:dharma
6864:dharma
6852:Sangam
6830:dharma
6821:dharam
6805:dharam
6717:) and
6698:dravya
6673:Dravya
6628:dharma
6587:dharma
6472:Girnar
6424:Diwali
6247:Pārśva
6121:Ethics
6088:Tattva
6083:Dravya
6068:Dharma
6058:Ahimsa
5965:dharma
5955:dharma
5913:Sangha
5908:dharma
5903:Buddha
5895:dharma
5884:dharma
5876:Buddha
5861:dharma
5843:dharma
5836:dharma
5823:dhamma
5819:dharma
5783:dhamma
5771:Dharma
5696:Taiwan
5676:Russia
5616:Brazil
5611:Bhutan
5531:Buddha
5451:Wisdom
5234:Dharma
5105:dharma
5100:dharma
5094:. The
5092:dharma
5087:dharma
5068:dharma
5061:dharma
5057:Dharma
5053:dharma
5045:Dharma
5034:dharma
5017:Dharma
4994:dharma
4983:dharma
4979:dharma
4975:dharma
4971:dharma
4962:dharma
4958:Bhrigu
4954:dharma
4942:dharma
4938:Varnas
4928:dharma
4918:Āśrama
4906:dharma
4890:dharma
4870:Dharma
4862:Dharma
4851:Dharma
4820:dharma
4808:Dharma
4802:dharma
4763:dharma
4759:dharma
4739:dharma
4734:dharma
4730:dharma
4726:Arjuna
4706:dharma
4694:dharma
4677:, and
4667:dharma
4663:dharma
4659:dharma
4572:dharma
4560:dharma
4539:dharma
4522:dharma
4502:dharma
4491:dharma
4484:dharma
4479:dharma
4464:dharma
4460:dharma
4456:Dharma
4452:dharma
4445:cosmos
4437:Dharma
4184:Shudra
4002:stutis
3838:, and
3836:sutras
3490:Maitri
3215:Ramdas
3108:Modern
3041:Surdas
2906:Madhva
2826:Eknath
2796:Basava
2791:Alvars
2725:Raikva
2715:Pāṇini
2700:Kapila
2695:Kanada
2680:Gotama
2587:Shaiva
2535:Dvaita
2436:Pongal
2359:Diwali
2338:Vivaha
2202:Odissi
2177:Kathak
2116:Yogini
2080:Dhyana
2031:Tirtha
1986:Bhakti
1976:Temple
1971:Śrauta
1852:Arjava
1812:Ahimsa
1807:Niyama
1790:Ethics
1598:Moksha
1583:Dharma
1531:Saguna
1429:Shakti
1414:Kubera
1360:Varuna
1340:Pushan
1253:Vishnu
1248:Brahma
1085:Hindus
1044:.133.6
1030:dharma
1018:dharma
1014:dharma
1007:dharma
1003:dharma
994:cosmic
978:dharma
931:dharma
921:dharma
881:Dharma
853:darmān
799:cosmic
781:claim
775:dharma
767:dharma
741:dharma
730:dharma
720:dharma
713:Dharma
705:Dharma
700:dharma
680:dharma
676:dharma
665:dharma
661:dharma
653:dharma
642:dharma
626:German
622:dharma
615:dharma
611:dharma
539:dharma
535:Ashoka
517:dhamma
477:themis
439:-stem
430:firmus
385:dharma
373:Ashoka
357:𑀥𑀁𑀫
351:word "
333:dharma
301:dharma
294:dharma
280:Dharma
257:dhamma
249:dharma
234:Dharma
224:dharma
212:dharma
201:dharma
192:dharma
131:Dharma
51:ahimsa
36:Dharma
28:Dharna
11257:Yamas
11252:Viraj
11227:Tyāga
11162:Satya
11062:Mokṣa
11032:Karma
10987:Dhrti
10912:Ātman
10897:Artha
10701:Vyasa
10581:Vedas
10562:Minor
10409:Texts
10157:Nyaya
10148:Hindu
10118:Artha
10098:Logic
9904:JSTOR
9825:JSTOR
9774:S2CID
9731:JSTOR
9641:JSTOR
9612:JSTOR
9559:JSTOR
9509:JSTOR
9480:S2CID
9325:S2CID
9209:S2CID
9195:(2).
8698:Numen
8629:see:
8540:see:
8028:see:
7742:see:
7641:see:
7616:see:
7583:see:
7525:see:
7434:See:
7346:36–37
7194:see:
7125:see:
7049:artha
7045:attha
7041:atman
6987:Notes
6976:Karma
6902:inpam
6898:porul
6886:Kural
6876:Tamil
6856:Hindu
6801:Sikhs
6743:ākāśa
6721:ajīva
6713:ātman
6495:Other
6457:Tirth
6073:Mokṣa
6063:Karma
6028:Index
6013:Jains
5775:Karma
5706:Tibet
5646:Korea
5641:Japan
5631:India
5626:China
5591:Newar
5516:Arhat
5306:Karma
5160:Index
5030:Moksa
5022:Artha
4950:caste
4946:Varna
4825:yamas
4714:Bhima
4598:Satya
4586:सत्यं
4577:satya
4564:Vedas
4449:Hindu
4201:Dalit
4154:Varna
4071:Kural
3609:Agama
3580:Kalpa
3476:Katha
3348:Vedas
3319:Ācāra
3314:Smṛti
3309:Śruti
3293:Texts
2886:Kabir
2750:Vyasa
2660:Aruni
2507:Nyaya
2461:Vishu
2441:Ugadi
2121:Asana
2106:Sadhu
2075:Tapas
2046:Matha
2036:Yatra
2021:Vrata
2006:Yajna
1981:Murti
1862:Tapas
1837:Damah
1832:Satya
1802:Yamas
1688:Karma
1588:Artha
1505:Guṇas
1419:Radha
1384:Durga
1355:Ushas
1350:Surya
1345:Rudra
1330:Indra
1306:Vedic
1297:Devis
1293:Devas
1258:Shiva
1042:RV 10
947:Greek
872:Daena
795:Indra
696:Epics
684:Vedas
624:into
573:qšyṭ’
566:קשיטא
563:word
525:dharm
323:inpam
319:porul
307:text
305:Tamil
263:. In
11262:Yoga
11027:Kama
11007:Idam
11002:Hitā
10997:Guṇa
10962:Dāna
10847:Aham
10251:and
10232:Jain
10167:Yoga
10113:Kama
9997:ISBN
9870:ISBN
9851:ISBN
9794:ISBN
9766:ISSN
9700:ISBN
9679:ISBN
9658:ISBN
9581:ISBN
9526:ISBN
9449:ISBN
9430:ISBN
9408:ISBN
9365:ISBN
9317:ISSN
9247:ISBN
9150:ISBN
9123:ISBN
9096:ISBN
9069:ISBN
9045:ISBN
9024:ISBN
8999:ISBN
8975:ISBN
8942:ISBN
8879:ISBN
8852:ISBN
8793:PMID
8669:ISBN
8608:ISBN
8368:ISBN
8336:ISBN
8288:ISBN
8230:OCLC
8222:ISBN
8160:ISBN
8037:ISBN
7999:ISBN
7954:ISBN
7931:ISBN
7857:ISBN
7712:see
7657:ISBN
7547:ISBN
7490:ISBN
7410:2021
7376:ISSN
7272:ISBN
7137:ISBN
7070:Jiva
6916:aṟam
6907:aṟam
6894:aram
6868:aṟam
6860:Jain
6799:For
6751:kāla
6705:jīva
6659:(27)
6626:ten
6617:lit.
6599:The
5893:The
5779:Pali
5651:Laos
5556:Pāli
5026:Kama
4920:and
4864:and
4812:yoga
4800:the
4675:Sita
4671:Rama
4554:The
4543:yuga
4468:laws
4215:Jāti
4000:and
3513:Kena
3462:Isha
2670:Atri
2502:Yoga
2451:Bihu
2421:Onam
2364:Holi
2164:Arts
2111:Yogi
2098:Yoga
2061:Sevā
2056:Dāna
2011:Homa
1991:Japa
1961:Ārtī
1956:Puja
1882:Dāna
1842:Dayā
1700:Mind
1683:Maya
1593:Kama
1434:Sita
1424:Rama
1399:Kali
1365:Vayu
1315:Agni
1217:List
1028:and
998:Māyā
986:Māyā
984:and
949:and
907:The
889:Maat
789:The
638:duty
605:and
589:and
513:Pali
511:and
418:dhr-
365:धर्म
347:The
328:aṟam
315:aram
253:Pali
166:धर्म
11142:Ṛta
10977:Dhi
9925:doi
9896:doi
9817:doi
9756:doi
9723:doi
9633:doi
9604:doi
9551:doi
9501:doi
9472:doi
9391:doi
9387:291
9346:doi
9309:doi
9201:doi
8785:doi
8753:",
7670:",
7368:doi
6918:or
6884:or
6858:or
6834:3HO
6813:ਧਰਮ
6462:Abu
5939:In
5890:).
5888:Chö
5809:".
4698:dog
1550:God
1026:rta
990:Ṛta
982:Ṛta
885:Tao
875:of
722:is
634:law
483:In
449:Rta
424:or
400:ɑːr
335:.
277:".
243:In
229:Ṛta
203:is
146:ɑːr
11284::
10150::
10030:,
9921:40
9919:.
9902:.
9890:.
9823:.
9811:.
9772:.
9764:.
9750:.
9746:.
9729:.
9719:22
9717:.
9639:.
9627:.
9610:.
9600:32
9598:.
9557:.
9547:34
9545:.
9507:.
9495:.
9478:.
9468:25
9466:.
9447:.
9428:.
9385:.
9342:17
9340:.
9323:.
9315:.
9305:32
9303:.
9299:.
9207:.
9193:34
9191:.
9185:.
9043:,
9022:,
9005:,
8997:,
8956:^
8805:^
8791:.
8781:58
8779:.
8742:^
8654:^
8622:^
8527:,
8489:^
8474:^
8457:^
8393:^
8357:^
8286:,
8265:.
8240:^
8158:,
8154:,
8144:^
8093:^
8009:^
7952:,
7906:^
7871:^
7817:^
7693:^
7572:^
7500:^
7453:^
7399:.
7388:^
7374:.
7364:30
7362:.
7242:^
7232:.
7212:^
7135:,
7055:."
6995:^
6922:.
6815:,
6811::
6687::
5989:on
5931:.
5801:,
5781::
5686:US
5131:on
5063:.
5036:.
4673:,
4584::
4537:,
3834:,
1538:Om
1061:on
988:.
961:.
895:.
893:Me
845:.
747:.
690:,
686:,
601:,
597:,
527:.
451:.
355:"/
292:,
267:,
255::
247:,
240:.
222:,
207:.
169:,
163::
159:;
10061:e
10054:t
10047:v
10005:.
9931:.
9927::
9910:.
9898::
9892:7
9878:.
9859:.
9831:.
9819::
9813:8
9802:.
9780:.
9758::
9752:7
9737:.
9725::
9708:.
9687:.
9666:.
9647:.
9635::
9629:7
9618:.
9606::
9589:.
9565:.
9553::
9534:.
9515:.
9503::
9497:4
9486:.
9474::
9457:.
9438:.
9416:.
9397:.
9393::
9373:.
9352:.
9348::
9331:.
9311::
9255:.
9215:.
9203::
9158:.
9131:.
9104:.
9077:.
8983:.
8950:.
8887:.
8860:.
8799:.
8787::
8757:.
8749:"
8714:.
8675:.
8616:.
8592:.
8580:.
8529:7
8374:.
8320:'
8060:"
8043:;
8019:.
7889:.
7865:.
7754:;
7703:.
7475:.
7446:.
7440:.
7412:.
7382:.
7370::
7348:.
7318:.
7294:.
7280:.
7107:;
6892:(
6807:(
6683:(
6633:'
6630:s
6623:'
6615:(
6574:e
6567:t
6560:v
5821:(
5789:(
5758:e
5751:t
5744:v
4948:(
4876:.
4580:(
4531:.
4504:.
4425:e
4418:t
4411:v
4194::
1308::
569:(
503:(
460:n
437:n
409:/
406:ə
403:m
397:d
394:ˈ
391:/
387:(
359:(
251:(
155:/
152:ə
149:m
143:d
140:ˈ
137:/
133:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.