303:
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572:
591:
661:
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31:
264:. They rushed them on foot among snowstorms and temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F). Those POWs who did not follow orders were killed by the German guards. The inhabitants of the nearby villages were forced to collect and bury the bodies in mass graves. Only a small group of prisoners survived this march of death. A few were able to escape into the woods and join the partisans.
1288:
Jewish prisoners from the outer Dachau camps were marched to Dachau, and then 70 miles south. Many of the Jewish marchers weighed less than 80 pounds. Shivering in their tattered striped uniforms, the "skeletons" marched 10 to 15 hours a day, passing more than a dozen
Bavarian towns. If they stopped
170:
Although most of the prisoners were already very weak or ill after enduring the routine violence, overwork, and starvation of concentration camp or prison camp life, they were marched for kilometres in the snow to railway stations, then transported for days without food, water, or shelter in freight
485:
were being cleared out by the Nazis ahead of the advancing Allied troops, and some 15,000 prisoners were first marched to the Dachau camp, only to be sent southwards on a death march towards the
Austrian border, the path for which generally headed southwards, partly along the eastern shore of the
366:
tried to help the marching prisoners. Some of the prisoners themselves managed to escape the death marches to freedom. At least 3,000 prisoners died on the
Gleiwitz route alone. Approximately 9,000-15,000 prisoners in total died on death marches out of Auschwitz's camps, and those who did survive
190:
The SS killed large numbers of prisoners by starvation before the marches and shot many more dead both during and after for not being able to keep pace. Seven hundred prisoners were killed during one ten-day march of 7,000 Jews, including 6,000 women, who were being moved from camps in the
613:
94:
Prisoners were marched to train stations, often a long way; transported for days at a time without food in freight trains; then forced to march again to a new camp. Those who lagged behind or fell were shot. The largest death march took place in
January 1945. Nine days before the Soviet
397:
In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from
Stutthof by sea, since it was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the
375:
On 17 January 1945, when
Russian troops were approaching the Auschwitz concentration camp, prisoners were sent on a march to Dachau concentration camp. The ten day journey was on foot and by cattle car: many prisoners were killed along the way.
406:, and released into the care of that neutral country. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, around half, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. One hundred prisoners were liberated from Stutthof on May 9, 1945.
171:
carriages originally designed for cattle. On arrival at their destination, they were then forced to march again to new camps. Prisoners who were unable to keep up due to fatigue or illness were usually executed by gunshot. The evacuation of
530:
of the Dachau main camp's "system". They and the other
American troops did what they could to save those left alive, for at least two days before dedicated medical personnel could take over. A memorial to the rescue by the 522nd exists at
388:
camp system in northern Poland began in
January 1945. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. The rest of the prisoners were marched in the direction of
393:
in eastern
Germany. They were cut off by the advancing Soviet forces. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march.
424:
on death march to the north, to prevent leaving live witnesses in the camp when the Soviet Red Army would arrive, as was likely to happen soon. The survivors of this march were liberated on 30 April 1945, by a Soviet scout unit.
276:
were driven in a 60-kilometre (37 mi) death march to
Hrubieszow. Those who could not continue on the way were shot by the SS guards. All death march survivors were deported along with about 3,000 Jews from Hrubieszow to
505:
By the second of May 1945, only some of the 6,000 prisoners sent on the death march were still alive; those in failing health had been shot as they fell. On that day, as the eastwards-marching prisoners had passed through
158:
divisions abandoned the concentration camps, moving or destroying evidence of the atrocities they had committed. Thousands of prisoners were killed in the camps before the marches commenced. These executions were deemed
514:, nearly sixty kilometers (37 miles) south of Dachau, several hundred of the dead and dying were lying on open ground, nearly all covered in freshly fallen snow. They were spotted by advance scouts of the U.S. Army's
590:
129:
1643:
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1340:
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had received numerous prisoners moved from camps further east in territory lost to the Soviets, and camp authorities began to close the outlying camps of Buchenwald (such as those in
571:
957:
2938:
326:. Between the 17th and 21st, the SS began marching approximately 56,000 prisoners out of the Auschwitz camps, most of them 63 km (39 mi) west to the train depot at
641:
2573:
515:
2963:
2608:
660:
445:) to concentrate prisoners in the main camp. In April 1945, about 28,000 prisoners were marched from Buchenwald on a journey of over 300 kilometers through
402:
near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. Many drowned along the way. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to
84:
2739:
1615:
1721:
1276:
2324:
534:
415:
306:
German civilians, under direction of U.S. medical officers, walk past a group of 30 Jewish women starved to death (Volary, Czechoslovakia) 1945
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17:
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The largest and the most notorious of the death marches took place in mid-January 1945. On January 12, the Soviet army began its
523:
318:
and reaching near enough such that artillery fire could be heard from the camps. By January 17, orders were given to vacate the
3096:
1850:
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362:(Hirschberg). Temperatures of −20 °C (−4 °F) and lower were recorded at the time of these marches. Some residents of
1350:
1102:
845:
818:
756:
2230:
1648:
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986:
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2513:
1976:
1716:
315:
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244:; 200–800 died during the march. At Hrubieszów, another 2,000 Jews were rounded up and forced to join the Chełm Jews.
1845:
1590:
470:
1860:
1796:
466:
421:
75:, mostly after the summer/autumn of 1944. Hundreds of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, from Nazi camps near the
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2088:
1865:
1806:
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1570:
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624:
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1704:
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to other locations, which involved walking long distances resulting in numerous deaths of weakened people. Most
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2001:
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100:
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1431:
1390:
652:
385:
216:
180:
2023:
1232:
473:. The remaining 21,000 prisoners in Buchenwald were liberated by the U.S. Third Army on April 11, 1945.
2903:
2782:
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2421:
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1957:
1918:
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116:
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34:
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2011:
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88:
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1970:
1548:
1542:
1424:
1364:
1032:
107:, 35 miles (56 km) away, to be transported to other camps. Around 15,000 died on the way.
80:
2235:
748:
2958:
2583:
2536:
2200:
1951:
1092:
37:
inmates on a death march, photographed on 28 April 1945 by Benno Gantner from his balcony in
1200:
https://web.archive.org/web/20161003130634/http://www.gz-tm-dachau.de/img/uebersicht_big.jpg
903:
873:
740:
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were then put on freight trains and shipped to other camps deeper in German held territory.
2921:
2858:
2441:
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1989:
1984:
1965:
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450:
2787:
110:
Earlier marches of prisoners, also known as "death marches", include those in 1939 in the
8:
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2916:
2762:
2349:
1368:
693:
138:
II in 1945, Nazi Germany had evacuated an estimated 10 to 15 million people, mostly from
64:
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722:
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1890:
111:
38:
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1150:
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257:
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region. Those still alive when the marchers reached the coast were forced into the
164:
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2101:
403:
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359:
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1946:
1061:
928:
747:. Cambridge and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p.
736:
487:
211:
184:
147:
143:
42:
2334:
2154:
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or fell behind, the SS guards shot them and left their corpses along the road.
807:
Kierunek Loslau. Marsz ewakuacyjny więźniów oświęcimskich w styczniu 1945 roku
3085:
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2772:
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2164:
2149:
1447:
549:
536:
363:
298:
Victims of a death march (via train) from Buchenwald to Dachau, 29 April 1945
50:
1094:
Jewish doctors and the Holocaust : the anatomy of survival in Auschwitz
840:. Paderborn: Schöningh GmbH. p. 685; ill., maps; 24 cm. D820.P72 G475 2010.
241:
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2159:
2112:
2044:
2006:
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597:
343:
139:
72:
522:-manned military unit in Germany at the time. Only days earlier, they had
355:
294:
30:
3061:
2578:
2195:
2049:
924:
698:
202:
68:
1360:
Death Marches of Prisoners Map (from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum)
507:
335:
215:(1960) how he and his father, Shlomo, were forced on a death march from
3050:
2885:
2658:
2436:
1410:
511:
428:
196:
130:
German evacuation from East-Central Europe near the end of World War II
347:
2890:
2696:
679:
493:
442:
390:
104:
2551:
330:(Loslau), while others marched 55 km (34 mi) northwest to
252:
In January 1940, the Germans deported a group of prisoners from the
192:
2416:
2216:
837:
Die Vertreibung im deutschen Erinnern. Legenden, Mythos, Geschichte
253:
220:
172:
151:
96:
237:
1402:
Memorial to the Death March Victims: Chelm and Hrubieszow, Poland
1342:
Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust
620:
351:
339:
331:
261:
103:, the Germans marched 56,000 prisoners toward a train station at
1416:
562:, just under two kilometers west of the Waakirchen town centre.
416:
Ravensbrück concentration camp § Death march and liberation
334:(Gleiwitz), with some being marched to other locations, through
2926:
438:
1397:
USHMM Photos page of Waakirchen and 522nd FA BN Nisei soldiers
2291:
648:
240:, Poland, were forced on a death march to the nearby town of
420:
In late March 1945, the SS sent 24,500 women prisoners from
1273:"Central Europe Campaign – 522nd Field Artillery Battalion"
458:
446:
409:
273:
631:(such triangles are known in Germany as references to the
154:
advanced from the East, trapped in the middle, the German
150:. While the Allied forces advanced from the West, and the
666:
Memorial plaque to the victims of the death march in Jena
632:
91:, and to keep the prisoners to bargain with the Allies.
247:
155:
2809:
779:
231:
63:) were massive forced transfers of prisoners from one
937:
481:
On April 24, 1945, the satellite labor camps around
429:
Buchenwald to Dachau, Flossenbürg and Theresienstadt
743:
The Death Marches: The Final Phase of Nazi Genocide
854:
384:The evacuation of about 50,000 prisoners from the
79:were moved to camps inside Germany away from the
41:. The prisoners were heading in the direction of
3083:
1097:. Boston, MA: De Gruter Oldenbourg. p. 50.
898:
896:
894:
492:, taking a left turn to the east in the town of
476:
2584:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
1172:"Die Todesmarsch-Stele in Weimar - Weimar-Lese"
1060:
175:inmates began in April 1944. The prisoners of
2944:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
1432:
891:
906:. U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2014-06-20
800:
798:
796:
794:
205:, Holocaust survivor and winner of the 1986
2643:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
723:"Oral history interview with Benno Gantner"
83:. Their purpose was to continue the use of
1439:
1425:
804:
775:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
725:. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
1335:
791:
272:In early June 1942, Jews concentrated in
1247:"Kaufering IV – Hurlach – Schwabmünchen"
1030:
958:"The Nazi Labor Camp on 7 Lipowa Street"
833:
410:Ravensbrück towards northern Mecklenburg
379:
301:
293:
29:
1369:A map of the Death March of Brandenburg
1018:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
943:
860:
785:
735:
236:In December 1939, 2,000 male Jews from
14:
3084:
1155:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1090:
1084:
923:
834:Hahn, Hans Henning; Hahn, Eva (2010).
805:Hojka, Piotr; Kulpa, Sławomir (2016).
370:
289:
2808:
2629:
2260:
1751:
1750:
1420:
1008:
1006:
981:
979:
977:
975:
267:
2231:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
651:for victims of the death march from
284:
248:Lublin to Biała Podlaska and Parczew
3036:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
232:Chełm to Hrubieszów, Sokal and Belz
24:
2630:
1329:
1031:Pędziwol, Aureliusz (2021-01-29).
1003:
972:
27:Nazi forced transfers of prisoners
25:
3113:
1446:
955:
461:with the intended destination of
2599:Polish leaders and intellectuals
2089:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
1169:
1070:. William Morrow & Company.
671:
659:
640:
625:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
612:
602:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
589:
570:
226:
1319:
1294:
1265:
1239:
1189:
1163:
1118:
1054:
1043:from the original on 2021-01-29
1024:
949:
917:
682:for the death march from Dachau
516:522nd Field Artillery Battalion
2527:Attack on the twentieth convoy
2340:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
878:U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum
866:
827:
813:: Museum in Wodzisław Śląski.
765:
728:
716:
422:Ravensbrück concentration camp
13:
1:
3097:Death marches in World War II
709:
477:Dachau to the Austrian border
400:Neuengamme concentration camp
187:was evacuated in April 1945.
71:took place toward the end of
2864:Jewish war conspiracy theory
2055:Extermination through labour
1014:"Death March from Auschwitz"
933:. New York: Hill & Wang.
320:Auschwitz concentration camp
134:Towards the end of World War
101:Auschwitz concentration camp
7:
3046:Righteous Among the Nations
2261:
1732:Righteous Among the Nations
687:
653:Stutthof concentration camp
123:
10:
3118:
2783:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
2753:Lithuanian Security Police
2672:Reich Security Main Office
1639:Evidence and documentation
528:satellite slave labor camp
413:
127:
117:Reichskommissariat Ukraine
2999:Books and other resources
2986:
2902:
2831:
2827:
2804:
2738:
2710:
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2402:
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2310:
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2125:
2111:
2073:
2032:
1932:
1889:
1767:
1763:
1746:
1662:
1631:
1531:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
1458:
1454:
1407:The Death March to Volary
635:-era concentration camps)
550:47.7683750°N 11.6486944°E
114:, Poland, and in 1942 in
35:Dachau concentration camp
18:Death marches (Holocaust)
2589:People with disabilities
2522:Aid and Rescue Committee
1033:"Nieznany marsz śmierci"
991:www.wollheim-memorial.de
623:of the death march from
600:of the death march from
581:of the death march from
496:and heading towards the
256:prisoner of war camp to
209:, describes in his book
87:, to remove evidence of
2730:Order Police battalions
161:crimes against humanity
89:crimes against humanity
85:prisoners' slave labour
2579:Soviet urban residents
1670:International response
1644:Contemporary knowledge
1365:Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
1067:Atlas of the Holocaust
647:Holocaust cemetery in
555:47.7683750; 11.6486944
518:, the only segregated
312:Vistula-Oder Offensive
307:
299:
58:
46:
3026:Memorials and museums
2964:Reparations Agreement
2959:Holocaust restitution
2537:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2060:Human experimentation
1899:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
1377:: Death marches from
1091:Halpin, Ross (2018).
566:Death march memorials
380:Stutthof to Lauenburg
305:
297:
183:or killed in August.
128:Further information:
33:
2226:Jewish Ghetto Police
2095:Politische Abteilung
1990:Risiera di San Sabba
1851:Natzweiler-Struthof
734:For the timing, see
526:Kaufering IV Hurlach
179:were transported to
3004:Days of remembrance
2917:Holocaust survivors
2912:Depopulated shtetls
2763:Rollkommando Hamann
2609:Jehovah's Witnesses
2427:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1489:Bohemia and Moravia
1197:www.gz-tm-dachau.de
987:"Wollheim Memorial"
694:March of the Living
629:red triangle emblem
606:red triangle emblem
546: /
371:Auschwitz to Dachau
290:Auschwitz to Loslau
219:(Auschwitz III) to
2987:History and memory
2891:Forced euthanasia
2839:Nazi racial policy
2542:Danish underground
2389:Operation Reinhard
2384:Wannsee Conference
1375:Todesmarsch Dachau
583:Auschwitz Birkenau
308:
300:
268:Belz to Hrubieszow
112:Lublin Reservation
47:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3071:
3070:
2922:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
2869:Jewish emigration
2859:Hitler's prophecy
2854:Haavara Agreement
2800:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2788:Ypatingasis būrys
2685:Sicherheitsdienst
2621:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2560:
2559:
2480:Bielski partisans
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2083:Totenkopfverbände
1742:
1741:
1352:978-0-679-77268-2
1337:Goldhagen, Daniel
1253:. 19 January 2008
1227:Missing or empty
1206:on 3 October 2016
1104:978-3-11-059604-5
847:978-3-506-77044-8
820:978-83-927256-0-2
758:978-0-674-05049-5
596:This memorial in
520:Japanese American
510:and were nearing
358:(Waldenburg) and
285:End of the Terror
207:Nobel Peace Prize
73:World War II
16:(Redirected from
3109:
2971:Holocaust denial
2949:Nuremberg trials
2939:Postwar violence
2894:
2829:
2828:
2806:
2805:
2768:Special Brigades
2758:Nederlandsche SS
2725:Police Regiments
2649:
2648:
2627:
2626:
2487:Ghetto uprisings
2475:Jewish partisans
2422:Harvest Festival
2394:Holocaust trains
2280:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2123:
2122:
2019:
1997:
1979:
1960:
1942:
1765:
1764:
1748:
1747:
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1441:
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1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1302:"Search Results"
1298:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1275:. Archived from
1269:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1202:. Archived from
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1154:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1131:. Archived from
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1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1088:
1082:
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1049:
1048:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1010:
1001:
1000:
998:
997:
983:
970:
969:
964:. Archived from
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941:
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921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
900:
889:
888:
886:
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824:
811:Wodzisław Śląski
802:
789:
783:
777:
776:
769:
763:
762:
746:
732:
726:
720:
704:The March (1945)
675:
663:
644:
627:also includes a
616:
593:
579:Wodzisław Śląski
574:
561:
560:
558:
557:
556:
551:
547:
544:
543:
542:
539:
354:(Langenbielau),
328:Wodzisław Śląski
165:Nuremberg trials
137:
21:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3102:Nazi war crimes
3082:
3081:
3080:
3067:
2982:
2898:
2892:
2881:Madagascar Plan
2874:Kindertransport
2823:
2822:
2792:
2734:
2706:
2691:Ordnungspolizei
2647:
2634:
2613:
2556:
2508:
2461:
2432:Maly Trostenets
2403:Mass executions
2398:
2368:
2306:
2265:
2240:
2210:
2169:
2107:
2069:
2028:
2017:
1995:
1977:
1958:
1940:
1928:
1885:
1759:
1738:
1658:
1649:Hidden children
1627:
1485:Czechoslovakia
1450:
1445:
1353:
1332:
1330:Further reading
1327:
1326:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1282:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1256:
1254:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1226:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1207:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1164:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1128:
1126:"Archived copy"
1124:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1059:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1029:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1004:
995:
993:
985:
984:
973:
954:
950:
942:
938:
922:
918:
909:
907:
902:
901:
892:
883:
881:
874:"Death Marches"
872:
871:
867:
859:
855:
848:
832:
828:
821:
803:
792:
788:, p. 81ff.
784:
780:
773:"Death marches"
771:
770:
766:
759:
737:Blatman, Daniel
733:
729:
721:
717:
712:
690:
683:
676:
667:
664:
655:
645:
636:
617:
608:
594:
585:
575:
554:
552:
548:
545:
540:
537:
535:
533:
532:
489:Starnberger See
479:
433:In early 1945,
431:
418:
412:
382:
373:
316:occupied Poland
314:, advancing on
292:
287:
270:
250:
234:
229:
135:
132:
126:
99:arrived at the
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3115:
3105:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:trivialization
2968:
2967:
2966:
2956:
2954:Eichmann trial
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2849:Nuremberg Laws
2846:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2832:Early elements
2825:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:Early elements
2810:
2802:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2748:Arajs Kommando
2744:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2719:Einsatzgruppen
2714:
2712:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2669:
2661:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:Responsibility
2623:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2411:Einsatzgruppen
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2380:
2378:
2375:Final Solution
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2277:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2236:Ústredňa Židov
2233:
2228:
2222:
2220:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2201:Theresienstadt
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Einsatzgruppen
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:Mittelbau-Dora
1843:
1834:
1829:
1827:Kraków-Płaszów
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1717:Rescue of Jews
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1372:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1293:
1264:
1238:
1188:
1176:weimar-lese.de
1170:Lese, Weimar.
1162:
1117:
1103:
1083:
1076:
1062:Martin Gilbert
1053:
1037:Deutsche Welle
1023:
1002:
971:
968:on 2014-10-17.
956:Socha, Paweł.
948:
936:
916:
890:
865:
853:
846:
826:
819:
790:
778:
764:
757:
727:
714:
713:
711:
708:
707:
706:
701:
696:
689:
686:
685:
684:
677:
670:
668:
665:
658:
656:
646:
639:
637:
618:
611:
609:
595:
588:
586:
576:
569:
567:
524:liberated the
478:
475:
471:Theresienstadt
430:
427:
414:Main article:
411:
408:
381:
378:
372:
369:
291:
288:
286:
283:
269:
266:
258:Biała Podlaska
249:
246:
233:
230:
228:
225:
185:Mittelbau-Dora
148:Central Europe
125:
122:
43:Wolfratshausen
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3114:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:The Holocaust
3090:
3089:
3087:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Nazi eugenics
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Topf and Sons
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2740:Collaborators
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:Referat IV B4
2676:
2675:
2674: (RSHA)
2673:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2665:Schutzstaffel
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2652:Organizations
2650:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2594:Romani people
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2547:Working Group
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2532:Kastner train
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2511:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2319:Kristallnacht
2316:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2102:Sanitätswesen
2099:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2065:Death marches
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1891:Extermination
1888:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:Sachsenhausen
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Herzogenbusch
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1782:Bergen-Belsen
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1769:Concentration
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1745:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1705:United States
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1545:and colonies
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:The Holocaust
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1307:
1306:www.ushmm.org
1303:
1297:
1290:
1279:on 2016-03-20
1278:
1274:
1268:
1252:
1251:Kaufering.com
1248:
1242:
1234:
1221:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1192:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1138:on 2017-09-07
1134:
1127:
1121:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1042:
1039:(in Polish).
1038:
1034:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1009:
1007:
992:
988:
982:
980:
978:
976:
967:
963:
962:Sztetl.org.pl
959:
952:
945:
940:
932:
931:
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920:
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869:
862:
857:
849:
843:
839:
838:
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822:
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808:
801:
799:
797:
795:
787:
782:
774:
768:
760:
754:
750:
745:
744:
738:
731:
724:
719:
715:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
691:
681:
674:
669:
662:
657:
654:
650:
643:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
615:
610:
607:
603:
599:
592:
587:
584:
580:
573:
568:
565:
564:
563:
559:
541:11°38′55.30″E
529:
527:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
501:
500:
495:
491:
490:
484:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
426:
423:
417:
407:
405:
404:Malmö, Sweden
401:
395:
392:
387:
377:
368:
365:
364:Upper Silesia
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
304:
296:
282:
280:
275:
265:
263:
259:
255:
245:
243:
239:
227:Early marches
224:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
198:
194:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
168:
166:
162:
157:
153:
149:
145:
142:and occupied
141:
131:
121:
119:
118:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
92:
90:
86:
82:
81:Allied forces
78:
77:Eastern Front
74:
70:
69:death marches
66:
62:
61:
56:
55:death marches
52:
51:the Holocaust
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
3056:Yizkor books
2717:
2664:
2409:
2357:in Lithuania
2317:
2215:
2100:
2093:
2082:
2064:
2016:
1994:
1975:
1956:
1939:
1722:by Catholics
1591:Soviet Union
1459:By territory
1341:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1287:
1281:. Retrieved
1277:the original
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
1241:
1229:|title=
1208:. Retrieved
1204:the original
1196:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
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1133:the original
1120:
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1093:
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1056:
1045:. Retrieved
1036:
1026:
1017:
994:. Retrieved
990:
966:the original
961:
951:
946:, p. 8.
944:Blatman 2011
939:
929:
925:Wiesel, Elie
919:
908:. Retrieved
882:. Retrieved
880:. 2014-06-20
868:
861:Blatman 2011
856:
836:
829:
806:
786:Blatman 2011
781:
767:
742:
730:
718:
678:Memorial in
619:Memorial in
598:Blievenstorf
577:Memorial in
538:47°46′6.15″N
525:
504:
497:
488:
480:
455:Bad Köstritz
432:
419:
396:
383:
374:
360:Jelenia Góra
342:(Neustadt),
324:its subcamps
309:
271:
260:and then to
251:
235:
210:
201:
189:
169:
140:East Prussia
133:
115:
109:
93:
60:Todesmärsche
59:
54:
48:
3062:Never again
2893:(Action T4)
2819:Remembrance
2604:Homosexuals
2574:Soviet POWs
2502:Częstochowa
2050:Gas chamber
1861:Ravensbrück
1802:Gross-Rosen
1797:Flossenbürg
1680:Philippines
1612:Yugoslavia
1571:Netherlands
1499:Sudetenland
1393:(in German)
1345:. Vintage.
699:Death march
604:includes a
553: /
467:Flossenbürg
338:(Ratibor),
203:Elie Wiesel
163:during the
3086:Categories
3051:Yad Vashem
3031:Uniqueness
2886:Nisko Plan
2659:Nazi Party
2467:Resistance
2437:Ninth Fort
2302:Vel' d'Hiv
2074:Nazi units
2012:Westerbork
2002:Amersfoort
1856:Neuengamme
1837:Mauthausen
1817:Kaiserwald
1787:Buchenwald
1566:Luxembourg
1411:Yad Vashem
1283:2015-01-12
1142:2017-09-07
1110:1 February
1077:0688123643
1047:2021-04-08
996:2018-12-20
910:2015-04-09
904:"Stutthof"
884:2015-04-09
710:References
512:Waakirchen
435:Buchenwald
346:(Neisse),
242:Hrubieszów
199:and shot.
197:Baltic Sea
177:Kaiserwald
3009:Education
2904:Aftermath
2816:Aftermath
2778:Trawnikis
2702:Wehrmacht
2697:Waffen-SS
2497:Białystok
2325:Bucharest
2297:Marseille
2174:Elsewhere
2135:Białystok
1947:Breendonk
1924:Treblinka
1777:Auschwitz
1561:Lithuania
1383:Kaufering
927:(1960) .
680:Krailling
499:Tegernsee
494:Eurasburg
451:Eisenberg
443:Altenburg
391:Lauenburg
356:Wałbrzych
350:(Glatz),
105:Wodzisław
65:Nazi camp
57:(German:
2994:Academia
2447:Piaśnica
2417:Babi Yar
2345:Jedwabne
2284:Roundups
2217:Judenrat
2181:Budapest
1952:Mechelen
1914:Majdanek
1871:Stutthof
1832:Majdanek
1727:by Poles
1685:Portugal
1663:Response
1654:Timeline
1632:Overview
1494:Slovakia
1481:Bulgaria
1387:Mühldorf
1339:(1997).
1220:cite web
1151:cite web
1064:(1993).
1041:Archived
739:(2011).
688:See also
508:Bad Tölz
386:Stutthof
336:Racibórz
254:Lipowa 7
221:Gleiwitz
181:Stutthof
173:Majdanek
152:Red Army
124:Overview
97:Red Army
3021:Lessons
2457:Rumbula
2330:Dorohoi
2311:Pogroms
2263:Victims
2113:Ghettos
2045:Gas van
2033:Methods
2007:Schoorl
1985:Bolzano
1933:Transit
1919:Sobibor
1909:Chełmno
1876:Vaivara
1812:Hinzert
1757:ghettos
1710:Vatican
1616:Croatia
1606:Ukraine
1596:Belarus
1586:Romania
1538:Hungary
1521:Germany
1511:Estonia
1506:Denmark
1476:Belgium
1471:Austria
1466:Albania
1413:website
1311:5 April
1210:5 April
1181:5 April
621:Putlitz
352:Bielawa
348:Kłodzko
340:Prudnik
332:Gliwice
279:Sobibor
262:Parczew
144:Eastern
49:During
2927:Bricha
2693:(Orpo)
2566:Others
2552:Żegota
2514:Rescue
2492:Warsaw
2452:Ponary
2362:Kaunas
2165:Warsaw
2150:Lublin
2140:Kraków
2127:Poland
1971:Drancy
1904:Belzec
1881:Warsaw
1792:Dachau
1700:Turkey
1695:Sweden
1621:Serbia
1601:Russia
1581:Poland
1576:Norway
1556:Latvia
1526:Greece
1516:France
1391:Allach
1379:Dachau
1349:
1257:6 July
1101:
1074:
844:
817:
755:
483:Dachau
469:, and
463:Dachau
457:, and
439:Apolda
193:Danzig
136:
39:Percha
3041:Humor
3014:Films
2711:Units
2442:Odesa
2292:Izieu
2206:Vilna
2191:Minsk
2186:Kovno
2160:Radom
2024:Sereď
1841:Gusen
1822:Kauen
1753:Camps
1690:Spain
1675:Japan
1549:Libya
1543:Italy
1409:, at
1136:(PDF)
1129:(PDF)
930:Night
649:Nawcz
238:Chełm
212:Night
2932:List
2687:(SD)
2667:(SS)
2350:Lviv
2335:Iași
2275:Jews
2196:Riga
2155:Lwów
2145:Łódź
2117:list
1966:Gurs
1839:and
1755:and
1389:and
1347:ISBN
1313:2018
1259:2012
1233:help
1212:2018
1183:2018
1157:link
1112:2022
1099:ISBN
1072:ISBN
842:ISBN
815:ISBN
753:ISBN
459:Gera
447:Jena
441:and
344:Nysa
322:and
274:Belz
217:Buna
146:and
2081:SS-
633:WW2
3088::
2018:sk
1996:nl
1978:it
1959:fr
1941:be
1385:,
1381:,
1367:,
1304:.
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1249:.
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1218:{{
1174:.
1153:}}
1149:{{
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465:,
453:,
449:,
281:.
223:.
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156:SS
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2119:)
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1235:)
1231:(
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1114:.
1080:.
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850:.
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761:.
749:2
45:.
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