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and warmer seas, ocean acidification and changes in oceanic currents. These climate drivers will result in changes to flora and fauna, and changes in ground conditions (both on and below the surface) and so will also affect archaeological deposits and structures, while human responses to the climate crisis will also impact archaeological sites. The archaeologist's knowledge and skills are relevant to supporting society in adapting to a changing climate and a low carbon future. Another effect of higher temperatures has been melting of glaciers and ice patches. This has led to the discovery of artifacts and bodies long buried in the ice, fostering the new field of glacial archaeology.
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of the public view archaeology as something only available to a narrow demographic. The job of archaeologist is depicted as a "romantic adventurist occupation", and as a hobby more than a job in the scientific community. Cinema audiences form a notion of "who archaeologists are, why they do what they do, and how relationships to the past are constituted", and is often under the impression that all archaeology takes place in a distant and foreign land, only to collect monetarily or spiritually priceless artifacts. The modern depiction of archaeology has incorrectly formed the public's perception of what archaeology is.
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people who illegally take artifacts from protected sites, and by alerting people who live near archaeological sites of the threat of looting. Common methods of public outreach include press releases, the encouragement of school field trips to sites under excavation by professional archaeologists, and making reports and publications accessible outside of academia. Public appreciation of the significance of archaeology and archaeological sites often leads to improved protection from encroaching development or other threats.
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1388:(light detection and ranging) uses a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) to transmit a light pulse and a receiver with sensitive detectors to measure the backscattered or reflected light. Distance to the object is determined by recording the time between the transmitted and backscattered pulses and using the speed of light to calculate the distance travelled. Lidars can determine atmospheric profiles of aerosols, clouds, and other constituents of the atmosphere.
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1158:). These civilizations are, not coincidentally, the best-known; they are open to the inquiry of historians for centuries, while the study of pre-historic cultures has arisen only recently. Within a literate civilization many events and important human practices may not be officially recorded. Any knowledge of the early years of human civilization – the development of agriculture, cult practices of folk religion, the rise of the first cities – must come from archaeology.
2306:, temporary, and non-tenure track appointments) to the annual number of archaeology MA/MSc and PhD students is disproportionate. Cultural Resource Management, once considered an intellectual backwater for individuals with "strong backs and weak minds", has attracted these graduates, and CRM offices are thus increasingly staffed by advance degreed individuals with a track record of producing scholarly articles but who also have extensive CRM field experience.
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remains to storage facilities for further study. In some cases human remains were not even thoroughly studied but instead archived rather than reburied. Furthermore, Western archaeologists' views of the past often differ from those of tribal peoples. The West views time as linear; for many natives, it is cyclic. From a
Western perspective, the past is long-gone; from a native perspective, disturbing the past can have dire consequences in the present.
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contributing to human ecology, independent evidence base, historic context development and tourism. The delivery of public benefits through archaeology can be summarised as follows: through making a contribution to a shared history, artistic and cultural treasures, local values, place-making and social cohesion, educational benefits, contribution to science and innovation, health and wellbeing, and added economic value to developers.
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1777:. The cut describes the edge of the feature, where the feature meets the natural soil. It is the feature's boundary. The fill is what the feature is filled with, and will often appear quite distinct from the natural soil. The cut and fill are given consecutive numbers for recording purposes. Scaled plans and sections of individual features are all drawn on site, black and white and colour photographs of them are taken, and
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2217:(NHPA) of 1966, and most taxpayers, scholars, and politicians believe that CRM has helped preserve much of that nation's history and prehistory that would have otherwise been lost in the expansion of cities, dams, and highways. Along with other statutes, the NHPA mandates that projects on federal land or involving federal funds or permits consider the effects of the project on each
2353:, said during a cultural property protection mission in Lebanon in April 2019 with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon: "Cultural assets are part of the identity of the people who live in a certain place. If you destroy their culture, you also destroy their identity. Many people are uprooted, often have no prospects anymore and subsequently flee from their homeland."
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for the least funding. CRM archaeologists face considerable time pressure, often being forced to complete their work in a fraction of the time that might be allotted for a purely scholarly endeavour. Compounding the time pressure is the vetting process of site reports that are required (in the US) to be submitted by CRM firms to the appropriate
2299:(SHPO). From the SHPO's perspective there is to be no difference between a report submitted by a CRM firm operating under a deadline, and a multi-year academic project. The result is that for a Cultural Resource Management archaeologist to be successful, they must be able to produce academic quality documents at a corporate world pace.
329:, but he also had them restored to their former glory. He was also the first to date an archaeological artifact in his attempt to date Naram-Sin's temple during his search for it. Even though his estimate was inaccurate by about 1,500 years, it was still a very good one considering the lack of accurate dating technology at the time.
2426:(USFS) operates a volunteer archaeology and historic preservation program called the Passport in Time (PIT). Volunteers work with professional USFS archaeologists and historians on national forests throughout the U.S. Volunteers are involved in all aspects of professional archaeology under expert supervision.
2346:. Blue Shield International has undertaken various fact-finding missions in recent years to protect archaeological sites during the wars in Libya, Syria, Egypt and Lebanon. The importance of archaeological finds for identity, tourism and sustainable economic growth is repeatedly emphasized internationally.
1055:, thereby no written records exist for study purposes. Without such written sources, the only way to understand prehistoric societies is through archaeology. Because archaeology is the study of past human activity, it stretches back to about 2.5 million years ago when the first stone tools are found –
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Adibe, Luiz
Abdalla Filho; Gabriela, Bielefeld Nardoto; Leonardo, de Aro Galera; Janaina, Leite de Souza; Luiza, Santos Reis; Yeleine, Almoza Hernandez; Rebeca, Sales; Daniel, Guimarães Gerardi; Luiz, Antonio Martinelli (2019). "Is the 'canine surrogacy approach' (CSA) still valid for dogs and humans
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affects our environment, projections show that there will be changes in rainfall with increased drought and desertification, increases in intensity and frequency of rainfall, increases in temperature (winter and summer), increases in both the temperature and frequency of heatwaves, rising sea levels,
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As a consequence of this, American
Indians attempted to prevent archaeological excavation of sites inhabited by their ancestors, while American archaeologists believed that the advancement of scientific knowledge was a valid reason to continue their studies. This contradictory situation was addressed
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trade. Smuggling of antiquities abroad to private collectors has caused great cultural and economic damage in many countries whose governments lack the resources and or the will to deter it. Looters damage and destroy archaeological sites, denying future generations information about their ethnic and
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of the soil are also widely used. Archaeological features whose electrical resistivity contrasts with that of surrounding soils can be detected and mapped. Some archaeological features (such as those composed of stone or brick) have higher resistivity than typical soils, while others (such as organic
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can be used to look where sites are located within a large area or provide more information about sites or regions. There are two types of remote sensing instruments—passive and active. Passive instruments detect natural energy that is reflected or emitted from the observed scene. Passive instruments
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Cultural resources management has, however, been criticized. CRM is conducted by private companies that bid for projects by submitting proposals outlining the work to be done and an expected budget. It is not unheard of for the agency responsible for the construction to choose the proposal that asks
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sites on public and private lands, and the removal of culturally valuable materials from areas where they would otherwise be destroyed by human activity, such as proposed construction. This study involves at least a cursory examination to determine whether or not any significant archaeological sites
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aims to systematize archaeological measurement. It emphasizes the application of analytical techniques from physics, chemistry, and engineering. It is a field of research that frequently focuses on the definition of the chemical composition of archaeological remains for source analysis. Archaeometry
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Drones costing as little as £650 have proven useful. In 2013, drones have flown over at least six
Peruvian archaeological sites, including the colonial Andean town Machu Llacta 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea level. The drones continue to have altitude problems in the Andes, leading to plans
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Often, archaeology provides the only means to learn of the existence and behaviors of people of the past. Across the millennia many thousands of cultures and societies and billions of people have come and gone of which there is little or no written record or existing records are misrepresentative or
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who now inhabit the region. The remains may be of
Iroquoian ancestry, since Iroquoian people inhabited the area before the Algonquin. Moreover, the oldest of these remains might have no relation at all to the Algonquin or Iroquois, and belong to an earlier culture who previously inhabited the area.
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Pseudoarchaeology is an umbrella term for all activities that falsely claim to be archaeological but in fact violate commonly accepted and scientific archaeological practices. It includes much fictional archaeological work (discussed above), as well as some actual activity. Many non-fiction authors
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One audience for archaeologists' work is the public. Archaeologists increasingly realize that their work can benefit non-academic and non-archaeological audiences, and that they have a responsibility to educate and inform the public about archaeology. Local heritage awareness is aimed at increasing
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Early archaeology was largely an attempt to uncover spectacular artifacts and features, or to explore vast and mysterious abandoned cities and was mostly done by upper class, scholarly men. This general tendency laid the foundation for the modern popular view of archaeology and archaeologists. Many
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to find out as much as possible about it and the surrounding area. Second, an excavation may take place to uncover any archaeological features buried under the ground. And, third, the information collected during the excavation is studied and evaluated in an attempt to achieve the original research
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Motivated by a desire to halt looting, curb pseudoarchaeology, and to help preserve archaeological sites through education and fostering public appreciation for the importance of archaeological heritage, archaeologists are mounting public-outreach campaigns. They seek to stop looting by combatting
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and be preserved there for posterity. Thus, written records tend to reflect the biases, assumptions, cultural values and possibly deceptions of a limited range of individuals, usually a small fraction of the larger population. Hence, written records cannot be trusted as a sole source. The material
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is the ethnographic study of living people, designed to aid in our interpretation of the archaeological record. The approach first gained prominence during the processual movement of the 1960s, and continues to be a vibrant component of post-processual and other current archaeological approaches.
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Archaeologists around the world use drones to speed up survey work and protect sites from squatters, builders and miners. In Peru, small drones helped researchers produce three-dimensional models of
Peruvian sites instead of the usual flat maps – and in days and weeks instead of months and years.
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There is a considerable international body of research focused on archaeology and public value and tangible benefits of archaeology include helping to counteract racism, documenting accomplishments of ignored communities, providing time-depth as a response to short-termism of the modern age, and
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battlefields, metal distribution analysis prior to excavation of a 19th-century ship wreck, and service cable location during evaluation. Metal detectorists have also contributed to archaeology where they have made detailed records of their results and refrained from raising artifacts from their
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criticized contemporary
Chinese scholars for attributing ancient bronze vessels as creations of famous sages rather than artisan commoners, and for attempting to revive them for ritual use without discerning their original functionality and purpose of manufacture. Such antiquarian pursuits waned
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An inconspicuous rock mound marks the reburial site where close to 80 boxes of various sizes are buried. Because of this reburial, no further scientific study is possible. Although negotiations were at times tense between the
Kitigan Zibi community and museum, they were able to reach agreement.
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The simplest survey technique is surface survey. It involves combing an area, usually on foot but sometimes with the use of mechanized transport, to search for features or artifacts visible on the surface. Surface survey cannot detect sites or features that are completely buried under earth, or
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and archaeologists, which can be summarized as a conflict between a need to remain respectful toward sacred burial sites and the academic benefit from studying them. For years, American archaeologists dug on Indian burial grounds and other places considered sacred, removing artifacts and human
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Survey work has many benefits if performed as a preliminary exercise to, or even in place of, excavation. It requires relatively little time and expense, because it does not require processing large volumes of soil to search out artifacts. (Nevertheless, surveying a large region or site can be
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In addition to their scientific importance, archaeological remains sometimes have political or cultural significance to descendants of the people who produced them, monetary value to collectors, or strong aesthetic appeal. Many people identify archaeology with the recovery of such aesthetic,
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Archaeology became a professional activity in the first half of the 20th century, and it became possible to study archaeology as a subject in universities and even schools. By the end of the 20th century nearly all professional archaeologists, at least in developed countries, were
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While this cooperation presents a new set of challenges and hurdles to fieldwork, it has benefits for all parties involved. Tribal elders cooperating with archaeologists can prevent the excavation of areas of sites that they consider sacred, while the archaeologists gain the elders' aid in
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The protection of archaeological finds for the public from catastrophes, wars and armed conflicts is increasingly being implemented internationally. This happens on the one hand through international agreements and on the other hand through organizations that monitor or enforce protection.
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Archaeologists have also been obliged to re-examine what constitutes an archaeological site in view of what native peoples believe to constitute sacred space. To many native peoples, natural features such as lakes, mountains or even individual trees have cultural significance. Australian
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represents the application of the experimental method to develop more highly controlled observations of processes that create and impact the archaeological record. In the context of the logical positivism of processualism with its goals of improving the scientific rigor of archaeological
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first cites "archaeologist" from 1824; this soon took over as the usual term for one major branch of antiquarian activity. "Archaeology", from 1607 onward, initially meant what we would call "ancient history" generally, with the narrower modern sense first seen in 1837. However, it was
417:. Antiquarians studied history with particular attention to ancient artifacts and manuscripts, as well as historical sites. Antiquarianism focused on the empirical evidence that existed for the understanding of the past, encapsulated in the motto of the 18th century antiquary, Sir
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has sometimes been restricted to deeds and contracts. The interests and world-view of elites are often quite different from the lives and interests of the populace. Writings that were produced by people more representative of the general population were unlikely to find their way into
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in Europe during the 19th century, and has since become a discipline practiced around the world. Archaeology has been used by nation-states to create particular visions of the past. Since its early development, various specific sub-disciplines of archaeology have developed, including
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An archaeological investigation usually involves several distinct phases, each of which employs its own variety of methods. Before any practical work can begin, however, a clear objective as to what the archaeologists are looking to achieve must be agreed upon. This done, a site is
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are present in the area affected by the proposed construction. If these do exist, time and money must be allotted for their excavation. If initial survey and/or test excavations indicate the presence of an extraordinarily valuable site, the construction may be prohibited entirely.
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The archaeological project then continues (or alternatively, begins) with a field survey. Regional survey is the attempt to systematically locate previously unknown sites in a region. Site survey is the attempt to systematically locate features of interest, such as houses and
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patterns may also be used. A relatively nascent subfield is that of archaeological materials, designed to enhance understanding of prehistoric and non-industrial culture through scientific analysis of the structure and properties of materials associated with human activity.
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archaeologists especially have explored this issue and attempted to survey these sites to give them some protection from being developed. Such work requires close links and trust between archaeologists and the people they are trying to help and at the same time study.
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536:"Cyriac of Ancona was the most enterprising and prolific recorder of Greek and Roman antiquities, particularly inscriptions, in the fifteenth century, and the general accuracy of his records entitles him to be called the founding father of modern classical archeology."
871:", and within types chronologically. This style of arrangement, designed to highlight the evolutionary trends in human artifacts, was of enormous significance for the accurate dating of the objects. His most important methodological innovation was his insistence that
1394:: A laser altimeter uses a lidar (see above) to measure the height of the instrument platform above the surface. By independently knowing the height of the platform with respect to the mean Earth's surface, the topography of the underlying surface can be determined.
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is to lead the project that is to commemorate an estimated 570 West
Africans buried in unmarked graves at the site of the former Newton sugar plantation. Barbados can be seen as a good example of respectful preservation of an African burial ground. Throughout the
2570:, is not exclusively Däniken's, nor did the idea originate with him. Works of this nature are usually marked by the renunciation of well-established theories on the basis of limited evidence, and the interpretation of evidence with a preconceived theory in mind.
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hobbyists who search for artifacts using increasingly advanced technology. Efforts are underway among all major
Archaeological organizations to increase education and legitimate cooperation between amateurs and professionals in the metal detecting community.
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Shipwreck Project integrated a one-hour HD documentary, short videos for public viewing and video updates during the expedition as part of the educational outreach. Webcasting is also another tool for educational outreach. For one week in 2000 and 2001, live
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Archaeological excavation existed even when the field was still the domain of amateurs, and it remains the source of the majority of data recovered in most field projects. It can reveal several types of information usually not accessible to survey, such as
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methods.) As with other forms of non-destructive archaeology, survey avoids ethical issues (of particular concern to descendant peoples) associated with destroying a site through excavation. It is the only way to gather some forms of information, such as
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This view is often espoused in works of popular fiction, such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, The Mummy, and King Solomon's Mines. When unrealistic subjects are treated more seriously, accusations of pseudoscience are invariably levelled at their proponents
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intend to build a restorative justice-based structure in archaeology. They suggest to define descendants not only in genealogical terms, but also to welcome input of African Americans whose ancestors had a shared historical experience in enslavement.
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have resulted in a huge upsurge in public interest. Where possible, archaeologists now make more provisions for public involvement and outreach in larger projects than they once did, and many local archaeological organizations operate within the
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Survey was not widely practised in the early days of archaeology. Cultural historians and prior researchers were usually content with discovering the locations of monumental sites from the local populace, and excavating only the plainly visible
1539:, which changes colour rapidly at maturation, have revealed buried structures with great precision. Aerial photographs taken at different times of day will help show the outlines of structures by changes in shadows. Aerial survey also employs
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framework to expand public involvement in smaller-scale, more local projects. Archaeological excavation, however, is best undertaken by well-trained staff that can work quickly and accurately. Often this requires observing the necessary
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2209:(CHM) in the United Kingdom. CRM archaeologists frequently examine archaeological sites that are threatened by development. Today, CRM accounts for most of the archaeological research done in the United States and much of that in
2404:, and data processing. Some archaeologists refer to such off-the-mark portrayals as "pseudoarchaeology". Archaeologists are also very much reliant on public support; the question of for whom they are working is often discussed.
1527:. A bird's-eye view is useful for quick mapping of large or complex sites. Aerial photographs are used to document the status of the archaeological dig. Aerial imaging can also detect many things not visible from the surface.
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There is no one approach to archaeological theory that has been adhered to by all archaeologists. When archaeology developed in the late 19th century, the first approach to archaeological theory to be practised was that of
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of activity. For example, excavation of a site reveals its stratigraphy; if a site was occupied by a succession of distinct cultures, artifacts from more recent cultures will lie above those from more ancient cultures.
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Roche, Hélène; Kent, Dennis V.; Kirwa, Christopher; Lokorodi, Sammy; Wright, James D.; Mortlock, Richard A.; et al. (May 2015). "3.3 million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya".
2601:. Archaeology stimulates interest in ancient objects, and people in search of artifacts or treasure cause damage to archaeological sites. The commercial and academic demand for artifacts contributes directly to the
2562:, together with many subsequent lesser-known works, expounds a theory of ancient contacts between human civilization on Earth and more technologically advanced extraterrestrial civilizations. This theory, known as
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projects are starting to become more common. Often archaeologists are assisted by the public in the locating of archaeological sites, which professional archaeologists have neither the funding, nor the time to do.
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in determining applications for new development. As a result, numerous archaeological organizations undertake mitigation work in advance of (or during) construction work in archaeologically sensitive areas, at the
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Jeffrey Quilter, an archaeologist with Harvard University said, "You can go up three metres and photograph a room, 300 metres and photograph a site, or you can go up 3,000 metres and photograph the entire valley."
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unanimously passed a bill in December 2020 that centers African American cemeteries at risk in South Carolina. The bill is made to better protect historic African burial grounds and can lead to the creation of an
1264:. However, this approach has been criticized by processualists as lacking scientific rigor, and the validity of both processualism and post-processualism is still under debate. Meanwhile, another theory, known as
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This photo is made of a single goat hair from a textile found on the 14th century ship in Tallinn, Estonia. Photo was done in archaeology department (University of Tartu) by microscope Olympus BX51, magnification
610:'s writings involved recording of local traditions, examining manuscripts, inscriptions, coins and architectures, which is described as one of the earliest traces of archaeology. One of his notable work is called
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in southern England. He was also ahead of his time in the analysis of his findings. He attempted to chart the chronological stylistic evolution of handwriting, medieval architecture, costume, and shield-shapes.
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objectives of the archaeologists. It is then considered good practice for the information to be published so that it is available to other archaeologists and historians, although this is sometimes neglected.
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While most looting is deliberate, accidental looting can occur when amateurs, who are unaware of the importance of Archaeological rigor, collect artifacts from sites and place them into private collections.
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released a statement that the museum would no longer purchase or accept collections from looted contexts. The first conviction of the transport of artifacts illegally removed from private property under the
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He traveled throughout Greece and all around the Eastern Mediterranean, to record his findings on ancient buildings, statues and inscriptions, including archaeological remains still unknown to his time: the
901:, laid down many of the ideas behind modern archaeological recording; he remarked that "I believe the true line of research lies in the noting and comparison of the smallest details." Petrie developed the
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to be tantamount to treasure hunting, others deem them an effective tool in archaeological surveying. Examples of formal archaeological use of metal detectors include musketball distribution analysis on
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Friedrich Schipper: "Bildersturm: Die globalen Normen zum Schutz von Kulturgut greifen nicht" (German - The global norms for the protection of cultural property do not apply), In: Der Standard, 6 March
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remains. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for which, by definition, there are no written records. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the
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in archaeology and anthropology, a lack of inclusion of the African descendant community, and possession of human remains in the collections of universities and museums. In the 1990s, anthropologist
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incomplete. Writing as it is known today did not exist in human civilization until the 4th millennium BC, in a relatively small number of technologically advanced civilizations. In contrast,
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lived in Rome and devoted himself to the study of Roman antiquities, gradually acquiring an unrivalled knowledge of ancient art. Then, he visited the archaeological excavations being conducted at
2400:, but the bulk of activities and finds of modern archaeology are not so sensational. Archaeological adventure stories tend to ignore the painstaking work involved in carrying out modern surveys,
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689:. These excavations began in 1748 in Pompeii, while in Herculaneum they began in 1738. The discovery of entire towns, complete with utensils and even human shapes, as well the unearthing of
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Gifford-Gonzalez, D.P.; Damrosch, D.B.; Damrosch, D.R.; Pryor, J. & Thunen, R.L. (1985). "The Third Dimension in Site Structure: An Experiment in Trampling and Vertical Dispersal".
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2752:'s research collection for decades, some since the late 19th century. Elders from various Algonquin communities conferred on an appropriate reburial, eventually deciding on traditional
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civic and individual pride through projects such as community excavation projects, and better public presentations of archaeological sites and knowledge. The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,
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were being destroyed, emergency archaeological digs took place whenever any part of the line was removed, to further scientific knowledge and reveal details of the line's construction.
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sense only radiation emitted by the object being viewed or reflected by the object from a source other than the instrument. Active instruments emit energy and record what is reflected.
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bodies sometimes offer places on research projects either as part of academic work or as a defined community project. There is also a flourishing industry selling places on commercial
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Archaeologists trying to protect artifacts may be placed in danger by looters or locals trying to protect the artifacts from archaeologists who are viewed as looters by the locals.
2094:, the experimental method gained importance. Experimental techniques remain a crucial component to improving the inferential frameworks for interpreting the archaeological record.
182:, and numerous different scientific techniques have been developed to aid archaeological investigation. Nonetheless, today, archaeologists face many problems, such as dealing with
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Sime, James; Mitchell, John Malcolm (1911). "Winckelmann, Johann Joachim". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 707
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to support the organization's mission "to nurturing and bringing attention to the human cultural heritage, by using media in the most efficient and effective ways possible."
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concerns. As a result, very few sites are excavated in their entirety. Again the percentage of a site excavated depends greatly on the country and "method statement" issued.
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1213:, compared the continuity between the past and contemporary ethnic and cultural groups. In the 1960s, an archaeological movement largely led by American archaeologists like
863:, who began excavations on his land in England in the 1880s. Highly methodical by the standards of the time, he is widely regarded as the first scientific archaeologist. He
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arose that rebelled against the established cultural-history archaeology. They proposed a "New Archaeology", which would be more "scientific" and "anthropological", with
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cultural heritage. Indigenous peoples especially lose access to and control over their 'cultural resources', ultimately denying them the opportunity to know their past.
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however the burial grounds are in danger of being destroyed or human remains are being excavated without the descendant community being involved. In 2022, residents on
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However, it is not only prehistoric, pre-literate cultures that can be studied using archaeology but historic, literate cultures as well, through the sub-discipline of
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At a basic level of analysis, artifacts found are cleaned, catalogued and compared to published collections. This comparison process often involves classifying them
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3252:"The Intellectual Base of Archaeological Research 2004–2013: A visualisation and analysis of its disciplinary links, networks of authors, and conceptual language"
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African Diaspora Archaeology is an area of study within the subfield of historical archaeology that studies those that have been forcibly transported through the
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5861:"UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly.", UNESCO - 13 September 2017.
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UNESCO convenes Libyan and international experts meeting for the safeguard of Libya's cultural heritage. UNESCO World Heritage Center - News, 21. Oktober 2011.
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Archaeological Legacy Institute (ALI), is a registered 501 non-profit, media and education corporation registered in Oregon in 1999. ALI founded a website,
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and Marine Grafics, this project enabled students to talk to scientists and learn about methods and technologies used by the underwater archaeology team.
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2658:(NAGPRA, 1990), which sought to reach a compromise by limiting the right of research institutions to possess human remains. Due in part to the spirit of
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These techniques frequently provide information that would not otherwise be known, and therefore they contribute greatly to the understanding of a site.
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of native artifacts to the original descendants. An example of this occurred on 21 June 2005, when community members and elders from a number of the 10
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He was one of the first to separate Greek art into periods and time classifications. Winckelmann has been called both "The prophet and founding hero of
313:, who is thus known as the first archaeologist. Not only did he lead the first excavations which were to find the foundation deposits of the temples of
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and identifying other sites with similar artifact assemblages. However, a much more comprehensive range of analytical techniques are available through
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Once artifacts and structures have been excavated, or collected from surface surveys, it is necessary to properly study them. This process is known as
990:, whose highly disciplined approach to excavation and systematic coverage in the 1920s and 1930s brought the science on swiftly. Wheeler developed the
801:; however, his careful methods led him to admit he saw no reason why ancestors of the Native Americans of his time could not have raised those mounds.
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is another man who may legitimately be called the Father of Archaeology. His painstaking recording and study of artifacts, both in Egypt and later in
10646:
10631:
10195:
9782:
9597:
1260:. It questioned processualism's appeals to scientific positivism and impartiality, and emphasized the importance of a more self-critical theoretical
6906:
6748:
6662:
5027:
10669:
10395:
10390:
10385:
10365:
10225:
10114:
10109:
6849:
4552:
1417:(with the Persian Gulf in the lower right corner) indicating the areas that have been subjected to regional surveys (in blue) over the past decades
4521:
3281:"Archaeological Research 2014 to 2021: an examination of its intellectual base, collaborative networks and conceptual language using science maps"
2279:(The National Institute of Cultural Heritage) trains curators specialized in archaeology. Their mission is to enhance the objects discovered. The
1746:), though this method is increasingly used with great caution. Following this rather dramatic step, the exposed area is usually hand-cleaned with
10664:
10636:
10320:
10305:
10290:
10285:
10250:
10170:
9521:
6202:
1896:
calculations to verify whether or not certain structures (such as pillars) were aligned with astronomical events such as the sun's position at a
1785:
of each. All this information serves as a permanent record of the now-destroyed archaeology and is used in describing and interpreting the site.
1197:. In the early 20th century, many archaeologists who studied past societies with direct continuing links to existing ones (such as those of
1193:, which held the goal of explaining why cultures changed and adapted rather than just highlighting the fact that they did, therefore emphasizing
1531:
growing above a buried human-made structure, such as a stone wall, will develop more slowly, while those above other types of features (such as
10600:
10340:
10124:
9757:
8415:
6809:
5258:
1409:
3716:
3197:
is the standard spelling across the English-speaking world, including the United States. Some US government bodies and university presses use
2801:
In the United States, Similar to the experience of Native Americans, the history of African diaspora archaeology is one of controversies over
11073:
10350:
10345:
10330:
10325:
10275:
10235:
10215:
10205:
7077:
7041:
6947:
4477:
7006:
6353:
1694:
or provenience, be recorded. This always involves determining their horizontal locations, and sometimes vertical position as well (also see
10270:
1322:
5635:
10651:
10380:
10375:
10310:
10255:
10245:
10200:
4170:
4128:
2674:
interpreting their finds. There have also been active efforts to recruit aboriginal peoples directly into the archaeological profession.
7641:
Glascock, M.D.; Neff, H.; Stryker, K.S. & Johnson, T.N. (1994). "Sourcing archaeological obsidian by an abbreviated NAA procedure".
5830:
Roger O'Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual." UNESCO, 2016, S. 73ff.
5687:
3409:
10641:
9514:
4933:
4879:
3653:
3609:
3126:
2685:
1936:
In September 2014 drones weighing about 5 kg (11 lb) were used for 3D mapping of the above-ground ruins of the Greek city of
3683:
1085:. Archaeology also sheds light on many of humanity's technological advances, for instance the ability to use fire, the development of
11258:
10355:
10300:
10280:
9712:
7341:
5852:
Eden Stiffman "Cultural Preservation in Disasters, War Zones. Presents Big Challenges" in The Chronicle Of Philanthropy, 11 May 2015.
719:. He was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the
6232:
2429:
Television programs, web videos and social media can also bring an understanding of underwater archaeology to a broad audience. The
10360:
10210:
10185:
10150:
9612:
7311:
6601:
3748:
3522:
2514:
Archaeologists prize local knowledge and often liaise with local historical and archaeological societies, which is one reason why
10295:
10240:
10099:
9436:
4050:
3136:
2810:
2615:
2241:
2040:
1722:
Excavation is the most expensive phase of archaeological research, in relative terms. Also, as a destructive process, it carries
7548:
6786:
6116:
4256:
3990:
3431:
10260:
10175:
8002:
Ogundele, S.O. (2005). "Ethnoarchaeology of domestic space and spatial behaviour among the Tiv and Ungwai of central Nigeria".
1268:, has emerged seeking to incorporate a focus on process and post-processual archaeology's emphasis of reflexivity and history.
696:
However, prior to the development of modern techniques, excavations tended to be haphazard; the importance of concepts such as
4020:
1101:. Without archaeology, little or nothing would be known about the use of material culture by humanity that pre-dates writing.
11160:
11145:
10605:
8916:
8763:
8587:
8554:
8481:
8335:
8308:
8289:
8199:
8080:
7975:
7856:
7529:
6718:
6454:"No More Polluter Pays Principle: opportunities and challenges of public benefit provision in UK development-led archaeology"
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4122:
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in the 1870s. These scholars individuated nine different cities that had overlapped with one another, from prehistory to the
913:
in Egypt during the 1880s. He was also responsible for mentoring and training a whole generation of Egyptologists, including
790:
7773:
Gould, R.; Koster, D.A. & Sontz, A.H.L. (1971b). "The Lithic Assemblage of the Western Desert Aborigines of Australia".
7099:
1116:, their surviving records are often incomplete and biased to some extent. In many societies, literacy was restricted to the
11155:
11126:
11083:
10707:
10190:
8392:
4452:
2798:, as well as their descendants. Although of global relevance, most research has been conducted in the Americas and Africa.
2028:
Historical archaeology is the study of cultures with some form of writing and deals with objects and issues from the past.
6973:
6425:"Archaeology and the History of the Lithuanian Resistance in the 19th and 20th Centuries: in search of the public benefit"
2342:
deal with the protection of cultural heritage and thus also archaeological sites. This also applies to the integration of
580:, conducted surveys of the English countryside, drawing, describing and interpreting the monuments that they encountered.
135:
until the advent of literacy in societies around the world. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding
6148:
5661:
5609:
5235:
2826:
2269:
686:
8518:
Hodder, Ian; Shanks, Michael; Alexandri, Alexandar; Buchili, Victor; Carman, John; Last, Jonathan; Lucas, Gavin (2008).
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also investigates different spatial characteristics of features, employing methods such as space syntax techniques and
2035:, archaeologists have explored the illicit burial of unbaptized children in medieval texts and cemeteries. In downtown
1198:
5765:
240:
11098:
8658:
8620:
7966:
Miller, D.; Tilley, C. (1984). "Ideology, power, and prehistory: An introduction". In Miller, D.; Tilley, C. (eds.).
7029:
A Future That Does Not Forget: Collaborative Archaeology in the Colonial Context of Sint Eustatius (Dutch Caribbean).
6693:
4460:
4349:
3940:
3915:
3887:
3816:
2884:
2188:
6404:
Minnis, P.E.; Kelly, D.S.; Sebastian, L.; Ingram, S.E.; Spielmann, K.A. (2006). "Answering the skeptic's question".
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2170:
162:
of data collected, to learn more about the past. In broad scope, archaeology relies on cross-disciplinary research.
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6170:
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2963:
1562:
33:
5739:
11831:
11203:
11051:
9762:
9662:
8830:
8098:
Saraydar, S.; Shimada, I. (1971). "A Quantitative Comparison of Efficiency Between A Stone Axe and A Steel Axe".
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in June 2007. Several small holes left by looters' prospecting probes can be seen, as well as their footprints.
2155:
1959:
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1241:
779:
344:
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4153:
Cunliffe, B.W.; Colin Renfrew, B.W.C.; Cunliffe, P.; Davies, W.; Renfrew, C.; Davies, P.; et al. (2002).
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or foraging societies; today ethnoarchaeological research encompasses a much wider range of human behaviour.
1272:
8282:
Standards of Archaeological Excavations: A Fieldguide to the Methology, Recording Techniques and Conventions
6262:
5957:
3771:
2545:
have ignored the scientific methods of processual archaeology, or the specific critiques of it contained in
1051:. Over 99% of the development of humanity has occurred within prehistoric cultures, who did not make use of
11736:
11646:
10405:
9978:
9752:
9667:
9652:
9465:
9175:
9062:
8673:
8506:
5322:"Doctrinal and physical marginality in Christian death: The burial of unbaptized infants in Medieval Italy"
2781:
2206:
1369:
1190:
697:
20:
6684:
Singleton, Theresa (2010). "African Diaspora in Archaeology". In Olaniyan, Tejumola; Sweet, James (eds.).
3309:
1500:
Inverted kite aerial photo of an excavation of a Roman building at Nesley near Tetbury in Gloucestershire.
1138:
record may be closer to a fair representation of society, though it is subject to its own biases, such as
11288:
11109:
10058:
9398:
9241:
9170:
9011:
8217:
Shanks, M. (1991). "Some recent approaches to style and social reconstruction in classical archaeology".
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5017:
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2880:
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2343:
1604:
1261:
1257:
924:
453:
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1690:
Modern excavation techniques require that the precise locations of objects and features, known as their
641:
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10522:
9792:
8951:
8849:
5051:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
4517:
4192:
3808:
3146:
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is the link between scientific knowledge, administrative regulations, heritage objects and the public.
2224:
The application of CRM in the United Kingdom is not limited to government-funded projects. Since 1990,
1703:
1699:
1282:
1210:
1036:
837:
778:, and the terms he used to categorize and describe them are still used by archaeologists today. Future
708:
566:
8865:
6338:
6198:
1446:, and survey of all levels became prominent with the rise of processual archaeology some years later.
11550:
11278:
11213:
11165:
10562:
9677:
9672:
9285:
9273:
9139:
9079:
9032:
8909:
7752:
Gould, R. (1971a). "The Archaeologist as Ethnographer: A Case from the Western Desert of Australia".
7272:
3019:
3007:
2986:
2938: – Application of the techniques of molecular population genetics to the study of the human past
2791:
2339:
2322:
1868:
1627:
1570:
828:. The systematic application of stratigraphy to archaeology first took place with the excavations of
817:
421:: "We speak from facts, not theory". Tentative steps towards the systematization of archaeology as a
5574:
Saiano, F.; Scalenghe, R. (2009). "An anthropic soil transformation fingerprinted by REY patterns".
2903:
Archaeological sites can be seen as habitats that support ecosystems and fulfil biodiversity goals.
2813:
where he initiated a protocol for collaborating with the African descendant community. In 2011, the
143:
to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time. Derived from Greek, the term
11883:
11731:
11721:
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11198:
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9307:
9200:
9149:
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2795:
2567:
2401:
2086:
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1975:
1949:
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1730:
is even more important in excavation than in survey. Sometimes large mechanical equipment, such as
1548:
1298:
1194:
1162:
religious, political, or economic treasures rather than with the reconstruction of past societies.
1022:
155:
8251:
Shott, M.J.; Sillitoe, P. (2005). "Use life and curation in New Guinea experimental used flakes".
7073:
6624:"Open minds, clearer signals – metal detectorist and archaeologist cooperation takes another step"
3058: – Study of the relationship between humans and their natural, social, and built environments
11914:
11693:
11581:
11476:
10567:
10552:
9998:
9890:
9692:
9632:
9557:
9413:
9338:
9236:
9114:
7277:
6345:
5914:
McGeough, Kevin (2006). "Heroes, mummies, and treasure: Near Eastern archaeology in the movies".
3317:
3043:
2693:
2440:
2234:
2166:
1991:
1603:
archaeological context. In the UK, metal detectorists have been solicited for involvement in the
902:
894:
573:
4202:
4196:
2879:
spoke out strongly against what they found were unethical excavations of their ancestors on the
596:
to describe the study of antiquities in which he was engaged, in the preface of a collection of
122:
in East Africa 3.3 million years ago up until recent decades. Archaeology is distinct from
11803:
11523:
11351:
10986:
10659:
10063:
9920:
9885:
9637:
9567:
9458:
9448:
9368:
9363:
9333:
9312:
9185:
9180:
9144:
8933:
8641:
8441:
Yellen, J.; Harpending, H. (1972). "Hunter-Gatherer Populations and Archaeological Inference".
7590:
Flannery, K.V. (1967). "Culture History v. Culture Process: A Debate in American archaeology".
6907:"After Breaking Ties with Britain, Barbados Announces Heritage District Tracing Slavery's Toll"
6842:"All Info - H.R.1179 - 116th Congress (2019-2020): African-American Burial Grounds Network Act"
5979:
Denning, K. (28 January 2004). "'The Storm of Progress' and Archaeology for an Online Public".
5627:
5567:
3172:
3141:
2947:
2941:
2590:
2558:
2435:
2229:
2103:
2023:
1995:
1833:
1829:
1782:
1766:
1762:
1711:
1611:
1586:
1230:
1174:. However, these endeavours, real and fictional, are not representative of modern archaeology.
1105:
868:
701:
478:
232:
199:
187:
60:
11224:
9506:
7611:
Flannery, K.V. (1982). "The Golden Marshalltown: A Parable for the Archaeology of the 1980s".
5676:
5620:
4341:
4333:
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4112:
1481:
overgrown with vegetation. Surface survey may also include mini-excavation techniques such as
856:
A major figure in the development of archaeology into a rigorous science was army officer and
808:. The idea of overlapping strata tracing back to successive periods was borrowed from the new
11968:
11726:
11716:
11678:
11651:
11613:
11586:
11496:
11405:
11324:
11314:
11062:
10582:
10547:
10053:
9915:
9802:
9687:
9541:
9453:
9373:
9129:
9042:
9037:
9027:
8230:
Shanks, M. (1993). "Style and the design of a perfume jar from an Archaic Greek city state".
8055:
7812:"Man the hunted: Determinants of household spacing in desert and tropical foraging societies"
7285:
5683:
3401:
3210:
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2491:
2381:
1987:
1901:
1727:
1707:
1451:
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1404:
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1183:
991:
936:
932:
910:
767:
from around 1798, funded by Sir Richard Colt Hoare. Cunnington made meticulous recordings of
151:
68:
56:
8371:
Watters, M.R. (2000). "Alluvial stratigraphy and geoarchaeology in the American Southwest".
3712:
3637:
3593:
2392:
Much thorough and productive research has indeed been conducted in dramatic locales such as
1426:, within a site. Each of these two goals may be accomplished with largely the same methods.
1047:
The purpose of archaeology is to learn more about past societies and the development of the
190:
of artifacts, a lack of public interest, and opposition to the excavation of human remains.
11963:
11673:
11513:
11486:
11481:
11378:
11218:
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11150:
10023:
9968:
9880:
9707:
9483:
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9378:
9353:
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9124:
9052:
8981:
8976:
8902:
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8380:
8260:
7677:
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7198:
6006:
5660:. Planning, building and the environment – Communities and Local Government. Archived from
5583:
5171:
5110:
5058:
4871:
4356:
The father of official art history was a German named Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–68).
3351:
3085:
3034: – Non-invasive physical sensing techniques used for archaeological imaging or mapping
2974:
2859:
2838:
2787:
2753:
2563:
2508:
2471:
1983:
1715:
1310:
1290:
1003:
1002:
graduates. Further adaptation and innovation in archaeology continued in this period, when
882:
Archaeological excavation of a Stone Age settlement at Glamilders in Långbergsöda village,
860:
511:
501:
426:
175:
171:
7333:
7183:
2553:
2314:
8:
11853:
11847:
11773:
11688:
11633:
11508:
11373:
11319:
11137:
11103:
11068:
10882:
10693:
10674:
10537:
10437:
10018:
9935:
9910:
9900:
9807:
9732:
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9592:
9562:
9278:
9263:
9165:
8971:
8961:
8941:
6224:
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2602:
2598:
2397:
2384:, explaining the archaeological discoveries made during the construction of this building
2218:
2121:
1979:
1967:
1905:
1872:
1758:
1710:, needs to be recorded for later analysis. This allows the archaeologist to deduce which
1637:
1377:
is an example of passive remote sensing. Here are two active remote sensing instruments:
980:
952:
569:
in the early 15th century, for which he has been called an early founder of archaeology.
565:, an Italian Renaissance humanist historian, created a systematic guide to the ruins and
96:
88:
72:
8384:
8264:
7654:
7303:
5587:
5175:
5114:
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3355:
2582:
A looter's pit on the morning following its excavation, taken at Rontoy, Huaura Valley,
2240:
In England, ultimate responsibility of care for the historic environment rests with the
2213:
as well. In the US, CRM archaeology has been a growing concern since the passage of the
960:
361:
11798:
11363:
11088:
11056:
10857:
10842:
10532:
9875:
9772:
9767:
9627:
9358:
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8880:
The Archaeology Data Service – Open access online archive for UK and global archaeology
8785:
8718:
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8123:
8115:
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3383:
3037:
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2701:
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1306:
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1072:
1059:. Many important developments in human history occurred during prehistory, such as the
1011:
964:
898:
864:
760:
752:
748:
724:
523:
519:
507:
485:
418:
365:
292:
256:
76:
4042:
917:
who went on to achieve fame with the discovery of the tomb of 14th-century BC pharaoh
11768:
11763:
11751:
11746:
11618:
11608:
11528:
11471:
11415:
10953:
10936:
10862:
10852:
10804:
10517:
10033:
9717:
9657:
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9537:
9408:
9403:
9388:
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8722:
8654:
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8583:
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8487:
8477:
8471:
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8314:
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7852:
7827:
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7707:
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7497:
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7218:
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6689:
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6090:
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4427:
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4075:
A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
3982:
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1007:
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465:
183:
7670:
6749:"A racist scientist built a collection of human skulls. Should we still study them?"
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943:
The first stratigraphic excavation to reach wide popularity with public was that of
11783:
11628:
11603:
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11390:
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8011:
7920:
7823:
7782:
7761:
7724:
7687:
7658:
7620:
7599:
7505:
Denning, K. (2004). "The Storm of Progress' and Archaeology for an Online Public".
7477:
7445:
7408:
7404:
7245:
7210:
7163:
7134:
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3202:
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and Justin Dunnavant, archaeologist and assistant professor of anthropology at the
2802:
2745:
2717:
2713:
2610:
2504:
2257:
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for recording. A feature, for example a pit or a ditch, consists of two parts: the
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179:
52:
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1940:. The data are being analysed by the Austrian Archaeological Institute in Vienna.
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10777:
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10457:
10447:
10442:
10038:
9953:
9925:
9697:
9231:
9084:
8986:
8432:
Wylie, A. (1985). "The reaction against analogy". In Schiffer, Michael B. (ed.).
7214:
7046:
6549:
Munson, C.A.; Jones, M.M.; Fry, R.E. (1995). "The GE Mound: An ARPA Case Study".
5183:
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2876:
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2091:
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1963:
1849:
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804:
One of the major achievements of 19th-century archaeology was the development of
369:
288:
159:
136:
8543:
Olsen, Bjørnar; Shanks, Michael; Webmoor, Timothy; Witmore, Christopher (2012).
7847:
Haviland, William A.; Prins, Harald E.L.; McBride, Bunny; Walrath, Dana (2010).
7715:
Gladfelter, B.G. (1977). "Geoarchaeology: The Geomorphologist and Archaeology".
7640:
5226:"Peru's archaeologists turn to drones to help protect and explore ancient ruins"
3076: – Study of changes in the physical environment caused by human activities.
2286:
Among the goals of CRM are the identification, preservation, and maintenance of
836:
sites. In the third and fourth decades of the 19th century, archaeologists like
226:
11947:
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9300:
9290:
9251:
9226:
8996:
8884:
8243:
8135:
Saraydar, S.C.; Shimada, I. (1973). "Experimental archaeology: A new outlook".
6969:
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2896:
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2625:
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2210:
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and then use it to help decide the method of excavation. Features dug into the
1594:
1472:
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847:
798:
720:
577:
489:
445:
433:
166:
80:
8885:
World Archaeology News – weekly update from BBC Radio archaeologist, Win Scutt
8714:
8701:
Hutchings Rich, La Salle Marina (2014). "Teaching Anti-Colonial Archaeology".
8272:
8047:
8015:
6938:"Adjaye Associates' proposed Newton Enslaved Burial Ground Memorial, Barbados"
6937:
6156:
5710:"English Heritage – Stonehenge & the History of England: English Heritage"
5613:
5595:
4381:
2765:
11957:
11859:
11815:
11778:
11708:
11683:
11593:
11491:
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11131:
10487:
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9747:
9268:
8802:
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8345:
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5552:
5290:
5263:
3571:
3371:
3055:
3049:
2818:
2737:
2642:
2465:
2036:
1971:
1735:
1632:
1504:
1496:
1482:
1438:
pioneered the technique of regional settlement pattern survey in 1949 in the
1435:
1286:
1271:
Archaeological theory now borrows from a wide range of influences, including
1218:
1214:
1139:
956:
914:
825:
813:
562:
552:
457:
377:
123:
8782:. More than 10 years of using the Overhauser GSM-19 gradiometer". Wormianum.
8209:
7570:
5018:"Para los arqueólogos es un ladrón, para los buscadores de tesoros un ídolo"
4478:"Characterizing the World Archaeology Collections of the Pitt Rivers Museum"
4306:
3908:
Superfluous Things: Material culture and social status in early modern China
1350:
Video showing the different works in an archaeological recovery and analysis
11658:
11598:
11346:
11304:
11186:
11181:
11093:
10958:
10946:
10730:
10497:
10452:
10028:
9988:
9119:
8966:
8808:
8491:
8462:
8318:
7884:
Hodder, I. (1985). "Post-processual archaeology". In Schiffer, M.B. (ed.).
7222:
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3545:
3496:
The Pursuit of Ruins: Archaeology, History, and the Making of Modern Mexico
3379:
3013:
2918:
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2500:
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2108:
1999:
1684:
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1326:
1314:
1081:
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artifacts, not just beautiful or unique ones, be collected and catalogued.
821:
805:
493:
474:
461:
437:
92:
64:
4368:
Everill, P. (2010). "The Parkers of Heytesbury: Archaeological pioneers".
11810:
11698:
11623:
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11459:
11452:
11035:
11003:
10964:
10809:
10432:
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10013:
9958:
9905:
9865:
9722:
9195:
9074:
8946:
8663:
5686:. Department for Culture Media and Sport. Culture.gov.uk. 28 April 2009.
5539:
Hacιgüzeller, Piraye (2012). "GIS, critique, representation and beyond".
5532:
2456:
educational program that reached thousands of children around the world.
2032:
1937:
1909:
1884:
of sites, such as the throne room of an Assyrian palace or ancient Rome.
1881:
1853:
1814:
1810:
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1540:
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1414:
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728:
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682:
658:
515:
497:
414:
338:
284:
132:
7902:
Hodder, I. (1990). "Style as historical quality". In Hastorf, M. (ed.).
6377:"Making the Case for the Public Benefits of Development-led Archaeology"
6318:"Social Impact Archaeology: Pontefract Castle and the Gatehouse Project"
5927:
5338:
5321:
4947:
3363:
1614:
uses geophysical or remote sensing devices such as marine magnetometer,
496:
civilization and the rediscovery of classical culture began in the late
16:
Study of human activity based on materials that people have left behind.
11864:
11703:
11545:
11503:
11447:
10996:
10921:
10887:
10814:
10799:
10787:
10755:
10716:
10492:
10472:
10003:
9870:
9860:
9812:
9617:
9258:
9190:
8879:
8694:
7662:
7416:
7042:"Olympics media village built on 'sacred' mass grave of African slaves"
5735:
3853:
3682:. History of Archaeology (ANP203). Anthropology.msu.edu. Archived from
2757:
2593:
is an ancient problem. For instance, many of the tombs of the Egyptian
2003:
1889:
1845:
1751:
1743:
1714:
and features were likely used together and which may be from different
1691:
1253:
1237:
1222:
1090:
1086:
906:
833:
829:
772:
650:
634:
589:
441:
349:
115:
111:
84:
8156:
8119:
7932:
7794:
7736:
7699:
7489:
7168:
7155:
6873:"New Legislation Seeks to Protect the U.S.' Historic Black Cemeteries"
6570:
6518:
6437:
6424:
6389:
6376:
6330:
6317:
6301:
6289:"Prehistory, Playhouses and the Public: London's Planning Archaeology"
6288:
5508:
5319:
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4675:
4654:
Schiffer, M.B. (1972). "Archaeological context and systemic context".
4159:. British Academy centenary monographs. British Academy. p. 309.
3930:
3772:"The history of archaeology: How ancient relic hunting became science"
3293:
3280:
2977: – Methods for estimating a realistic date for an event or object
2662:, some archaeologists have begun to actively enlist the assistance of
2302:
The annual ratio of open academic archaeology positions (inclusive of
325:), and the sanctuary that Naram-Sin built to the moon god, located in
11638:
11535:
11464:
11358:
11331:
10980:
10969:
10931:
10824:
10502:
9855:
9246:
9205:
8889:
8034:(2001). "Practice and History in Archaeology: An Emerging Paradigm".
7868:
Ethnobotanical and Archaeobotanical Relationships: A Yuman case study
7631:
7250:
7237:
7139:
7126:
6466:
6453:
5999:
5992:
5709:
5101:
in market-oriented and subsistence-oriented communities in Brazil?".
5078:
3776:
3264:
3251:
2578:
2479:
1893:
1656:
1276:
944:
857:
768:
764:
597:
540:
534:('father of antiquity') and today "father of classical archaeology":
449:
318:
303:
267:
252:
104:
8577:
8544:
8519:
7811:
7365:"Why are there two different spellings: archaeology and archeology?"
6067:"Open Access to Publications to Expand Participation in Archaeology"
5791:
5481:"Experimental Use of Clovis Weaponry and Tools on African Elephants"
3845:
2173:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1912:
can be applied to large bodies of archaeological 'grey literature'.
1908:
can be used to better understand past social dynamics and outcomes.
11008:
10897:
10819:
10765:
10740:
10507:
10467:
10462:
10008:
9832:
9001:
8610:
8148:
8111:
7924:
7786:
7772:
7728:
7691:
7481:
7461:
Settlement Pattern Studies in the Americas — Fifty Years Since Virú
7304:"Archeology: Why Is There an Alternative Way to Spell Archaeology?"
6733:
Archaeology under the Blinding Light of Race. Michael L. Blakey in
6594:"Archaeologist's execution highlights risks to history's guardians"
6562:
6510:
5499:
5480:
4986:
4667:
4152:
3082: – Magnetic detection of archaeological artefacts and features
2868:
2851:
2847:
2449:
2287:
2249:
2039:, archaeologists have exhumed the 18th century remains of the
2011:
2007:
1955:
1897:
1799:
1544:
1512:
1094:
1052:
794:
673:
Excavations were also carried out by the Spanish military engineer
662:
654:
527:
473:
after the Song period, were revived in the 17th century during the
469:
48:
11903:
11236:
8860:
8393:
10.1002/1520-6548(200008)15:6<537::AID-GEA5>3.0.CO;2-E
7555:. Vol. 1. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 25–35.
6810:"When Black history is unearthed, who gets to speak for the dead?"
5049:
Hall, E.T. (1970). "Survey techniques in underwater archaeology".
3498:. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press. pp. 25 ff.
2854:
on November 30, 2021, announced plans for the construction of the
2393:
1647:
1459:
and settlement structure. Survey data are commonly assembled into
1150:
has existed for at least 200,000 years, and other species of
887:
844:
began to put the artifacts they had found in chronological order.
629:
11385:
10991:
10941:
10915:
10792:
10745:
9895:
9577:
9067:
8549:. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press.
7385:
7356:
6942:
4576:
Minotaur: Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth
2921: – Scientific study of humans, human behavior, and societies
2761:
2733:
2725:
2594:
2523:
2445:
2280:
2113:
1739:
1731:
1660:
1302:
1202:
1134:
1068:
1056:
1041:
972:
883:
809:
775:
712:
678:
607:
422:
314:
140:
119:
100:
7992:
6688:. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press. pp. 119–134.
1463:, which may show surface features and/or artifact distribution.
1014:
was developed as a result of increasing commercial development.
986:
The next major figure in the development of archaeology was Sir
739:
649:
One of the first sites to undergo archaeological excavation was
28:
11030:
10902:
10760:
9787:
9777:
9536:
8700:
7395:
Ascher, R. (1961). "Analogy in archaeological interpretation".
7184:"'Dark' archaeologists scour melting ice for ancient artifacts"
7156:"Heritage Responds – Taking Positive Actions on Climate Change"
6630:(blog). The Society for Historical Archaeology. 10 April 2013.
6034:"Over-research and ethics dumping in international archaeology"
5942:
5320:
Crow, Madison; Zori, Colleen; Zori, Davide (17 December 2020).
4482:
World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A characterization
3935:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 227.
3832:
Rudolph, R.C. (1963). "Preliminary notes on Sung archaeology".
3070: – Sub-discipline of archaeology and archaeological theory
2705:
2499:
and indemnity insurance issues involved in working on a modern
2370:
2335:
2225:
1747:
1723:
1687:, three-dimensional structure, and verifiably primary context.
1651:
Archaeological excavation that discovered prehistoric caves in
1536:
1532:
1508:
1423:
1121:
1076:
786:
690:
544:
326:
322:
255:
account of the excavation of a foundation deposit belonging to
127:
8894:
8873:
8576:
Rathje, William; Shanks, Michael; Witmore, Christoper (2013).
8171:
6032:
Marwick, Ben; Pham, Thanh Son; Ko, May Su (15 December 2020).
3088: – Archaeological study of human interaction with the sea
2624:
Some historical archaeology sites are subjected to looting by
2361:
1962:
characterized by a specific method or type of material (e.g.,
661:(1626–1697) was a pioneer archaeologist who recorded numerous
10782:
10685:
9822:
9727:
8813:
Thinking From Things: Essays in the Philosophy of Archaeology
6709:
Fennell, Christopher (2020). "African Diaspora Archaeology".
6163:
2960: – Type of research using evidence from archival records
2464:. The American Academy of Underwater Sciences. Archived from
2253:
1926:
1552:
1528:
1489:
pits. If no materials are found, the area surveyed is deemed
1385:
1117:
1048:
976:
903:
system of dating layers based on pottery and ceramic findings
621:
and is described as one of the first history books of India.
600:
which he had gleaned over the years of his travels, entitled
555:. He noted down his archaeological discoveries in his diary,
410:
400:
390:
380:
8517:
7911:
Hodder, I. (1991). "Interpretive Archaeology and Its Role".
5099:
4426:(3. ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 17–18.
3470:"Archaeology as a Central Issue in the Creation of Identity"
3016: – Excavating garbage dumps to find objects of interest
935:
in the early 20th century. Pictured, are his excavations at
9603:
Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property
9587:
8805:– "A History of Archaeological Thought" 2nd. edition (2007)
8697:& Scott Hutson – "Reading the Past" 3rd. edition (2003)
7846:
6646:
5841:
The Destruction of Cultural Heritage Should be a War Crime.
4973:
Reeves, D.M. (1936). "Aerial photography and archaeology".
4875:
2944: – Application of scientific techniques to archaeology
2729:
2583:
2265:
2044:
1652:
1641:
1578:
1574:
1524:
1520:
1443:
948:
413:") grew out of the older multi-disciplinary study known as
354:
8364:
Principles of Geoarchaeology: A North American Perspective
6406:
The Society for American Archaeology Archaeological Record
6403:
5610:"MIT Archaeological Materials and CMRAE Mission Statement"
5463:
4578:. New York, NY: Hill and Wang (Farrar, Straus and Giroux).
3214:
2927: – Interdisciplinary study of astronomies in cultures
1590:
deposits or unfired clay) tend to have lower resistivity.
11427:
11209:
List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field
10772:
9608:
Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property
8542:
8134:
5909:
5907:
5157:"Virtual archaeologists recreate parts of ancient worlds"
4449:
General Pitt Rivers: The father of scientific archaeology
3062:
Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage project
1585:, and even ditches and middens. Devices that measure the
1565:
can be the most effective way to see beneath the ground.
1460:
909:. Petrie was the first to scientifically investigate the
592:
who, in 1685, offered one of the earliest definitions of
584:
9994:
Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
8440:
8402:
Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Virú Valley, Perú
7961:. Ann Arbor, MI: International Monographs in Prehistory.
7458:
7238:"Archaeological Heritage as a Sustainer of Biodiversity"
5882:"Action plan to preserve heritage sites during conflict"
4593:(3. ed.). London: Thames & Hudson. p. 24.
1862:
1765:
are normally excavated in portions to produce a visible
47:
is the study of human activity through the recovery and
10835:
10642:
Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
8778:
Smekalova, T.N.; Voss O.; & Smekalov S.L. (2008). "
8520:"Interpreting Archaeology: Finding Meaning in the Past"
8279:
8250:
8097:
7517:
7388:
Anthropology, Space, and Geographic Information Systems
7031:
Rotterdam, Bureau Archeologie en Toekomst, BAT-report 1
6997:"The fight to save America's historic Black cemeteries"
6935:
6066:
5658:"Planning Policy Guidance 16: Archaeology and planning"
5573:
3802:
734:
8612:
Experiencing the Past: On the Character of Archaeology
6900:
6898:
5904:
5874:
5634:. The University of Exeter – SoGAER. 28 October 2008.
5259:"Air-chaeological drones search for ancient treasures"
4291:. Potts, Alex. Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute.
3882:(2nd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
3340:
2736:, were originally excavated from various sites in the
2656:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
2457:
1986:), other thematic concern (e.g. maritime archaeology,
979:
revealed the ancient existence of an equally advanced
11931:
8068:
7264:
7153:
7100:"Criticism remains despite suspension of excavations"
6484:(TV documentary). Time Life Lost Civilizations. 1993.
2458:
Southerly, C.; Gillman-Bryan, J. (19 February 2009).
645:
Johann Joachim Winckelmann (Raphael Mengs after 1755)
9048:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
8189:
8180:
7965:
6199:"Live from Morehead City, it's Queen Anne's Revenge"
5523:
5454:
5445:
4912:
3003:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
2993:
Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites
2858:
as well as a museum dedicated to the history of the
1535:) may develop more rapidly. Photographs of ripening
452:
by investigating, preserving, and analyzing ancient
8731:
International Journal of South American Archaeology
8575:
8325:
7993:Miller, D.; Rowlands, M.; Tilley, C., eds. (1989).
7809:
7468:Binford, L. (1962). "Archaeology as Anthropology".
6895:
6225:"Apple, QuickTime help with underwater diving trip"
5409:
4591:
Archaeology essentials: theories, methods, practice
4424:
Archaeology essentials: theories, methods, practice
3191:
American English usually does not use -ae spellings
2641:In the United States, examples such as the case of
2228:has required planners to consider archaeology as a
1738:), is used in excavation, especially to remove the
685:, both of which had been covered by ash during the
7386:Aldenderfer, M.S.; Maschner, H.D.G., eds. (1996).
7367:. Society for American Archaeology. Archived from
7265:
6495:Sheets, P.D. (1973). "The Pillage of Prehistory".
5780:
4607:
3236:
3234:
905:, which revolutionized the chronological basis of
481:rather than a separate discipline of archaeology.
10647:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
9783:Mold control and prevention (library and archive)
9598:Conservation and restoration of cultural property
8303:. Menasha: American Anthropological Association.
8060:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
7636:. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.
7297:
7295:
7127:"Climate Change and Archaeology. An Introduction"
6542:
6109:
5234:. Reuters in Lima. 25 August 2013. Archived from
4767:
4731:
4722:
4697:
4695:
4693:
3931:Fraser, Julius Thomas; Haber, Francis C. (1986).
3877:
2890:
2407:
1593:Although some archaeologists consider the use of
1240:movement arose led by the British archaeologists
518:who came from a prominent family of merchants in
204:
11955:
10670:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies
10660:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence
10624:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's
8172:Sellet, F.; Greaves, R. & Yu, P.-L. (2006).
7723:(4). Society for American Archaeology: 519–538.
7714:
7643:Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
7634:Time, Science, and Society in China and the West
7632:Fraser, Julius Thomas; Francis C. Haber (1986).
7553:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
5400:
5382:
3933:Time, Science, and Society in China and the West
3433:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Mesoamerican Cultures
2477:In the UK, popular archaeology programs such as
2201:Archaeology can be a subsidiary activity within
2128:
1888:is also used as an analytical tool, and digital
10665:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative
10637:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
8436:. Orlando, FL: Academic Press. pp. 63–111.
8194:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press.
7476:(4). Society for American Archaeology: 217–25.
7463:. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
6713:(2nd ed.). Springer Cham. pp. 58–59.
6488:
4776:
3873:
3871:
3546:"The archaeological impacts of metal detecting"
3402:"What is archaeology? – Archaeology definition"
3231:
2775:
2666:likely to be descended from those under study.
2356:
1368:Before actually starting to dig in a location,
785:also did his own excavations in 1784 using the
114:and history, from the development of the first
10601:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
9758:Integrated pest management (cultural property)
8030:
8001:
7610:
7589:
7292:
6548:
6474:
4856:
4854:
4690:
4653:
4647:
4078:(PB ed.). Pearson Education. p. 13.
4071:
3959:, with Clive Foss, introduction (pp. ix-xxiii)
3901:
3899:
3636:Kelly, Robert L.; Thomas, David Hurst (2013).
3598:. University of Nebraska Press. p. viii.
2692:A new trend in the heated controversy between
2068:Early ethnoarchaeological research focused on
1958:disciplines, there are a very large number of
11252:
11074:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
10701:
9522:
8910:
8370:
8361:
8352:
7919:(1). Society for American Archaeology: 7–18.
7870:. Salinas: Coyote Press. pp. 3–7, 38–45.
7546:
6031:
5806:
3905:
3831:
3474:Encyclopédie d'histoire numérique de l'Europe
3064: – Cultural heritage research initiative
3052: – Method of depicting site stratigraphy
1974:), geographical or chronological focus (e.g.
1280:
1229:very important parts of what became known as
8876:– an online database of archaeological sites
8434:Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory
8399:
8357:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8298:
8174:Archaeology and Ethnoarchaeology of Mobility
8072:Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice
7886:Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory
7879:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
6286:
6282:
6280:
5972:
5538:
5418:
5103:Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies
4839:
4713:
4573:
4446:
3868:
3278:
3249:
2503:with tight deadlines. Certain charities and
2349:The President of Blue Shield International,
994:, which was further improved by his student
759:The father of archaeological excavation was
572:Antiquarians of the 16th century, including
8773:Archaeology: theories, methods and practice
8176:. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.
7897:. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
7865:
7504:
7467:
6175:(video documentary). Nautilus Productions.
4851:
4704:
4588:
4545:"Great Ancient Civilizations of Asia Minor"
4421:
4402:
4367:
4284:
3896:
3635:
3307:
2075:
1943:
488:, philosophical interest in the remains of
11259:
11245:
10708:
10694:
10166:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
9529:
9515:
8917:
8903:
8469:
8422:
8414:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
8366:. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
8229:
8216:
7947:
7910:
7901:
7892:
7883:
7874:
7849:Cultural Anthropology: The human challenge
7751:
7521:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
7431:
7394:
7124:
6970:"Flatbush African Burial Ground Coalition"
6533:
5843:In: The Wall Street Journal, 2 March 2015.
5472:
5436:
5427:
5391:
5373:
5364:
5355:
5346:
4934:State University of New York at Binghamton
4921:
4903:
4894:
4830:
4821:
4812:
4803:
4794:
4785:
4758:
4749:
4740:
4480:. In Hicks, Dan; Stevenson, Alice (eds.).
4403:Everill, P. (2009). "Invisible pioneers".
4148:
4146:
4114:Theory in Archaeology: A World Perspective
3805:The Cambridge Illustrated History of China
3591:
3127:List of archaeological excavations by date
2686:Repatriation and reburial of human remains
2552:An example of this type is the writing of
1754:to ensure that all features are apparent.
1450:expensive, so archaeologists often employ
429:in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries.
87:. It is usually considered an independent
9713:Disaster preparedness (cultural property)
8431:
7970:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7956:
7524:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7449:
7249:
7167:
7138:
6683:
6465:
6451:
6436:
6388:
6352:. Archaeological Legacy Institute (ALI).
6329:
6300:
6277:
6117:"Volunteers restore antique Miller Cabin"
6049:
5498:
5337:
4340:. Random House Publishing Group. p.
3561:
3292:
3263:
3046: – Glossary for archaeological terms
2609:In 1937, W. F. Hodge the Director of the
2189:Learn how and when to remove this message
2017:
763:(1754–1810). He undertook excavations in
477:, but were always considered a branch of
9613:Conservation science (cultural property)
8473:Archaeological Approaches to the Present
7959:Ethnoarchaeology of Andean South America
7906:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7390:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
7154:Woodside, R.; Huggett-Jones, S. (2022).
6870:
6686:The African Diaspora and The Disciplines
6482:Ramses II: Magnificence on the Nile
5913:
4331:
4225:
3910:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
3713:"The History of Archaeology Part 1"
3706:
3704:
3010: – Change to an archaeological site
2809:was the director of research during the
2577:
2375:
2360:
2313:
2116:as well as computer-based tools such as
1803:Five of the seven known fossil teeth of
1798:
1665:
1646:
1631:
1495:
1465:
1408:
1336:
1021:
923:
877:
846:
738:
640:
628:
360:
348:
91:, but may also be classified as part of
27:
8795:Robert J. Sharer & Wendy Ashmore –
8185:. New York: Cambridge university Press.
7403:(4). University of New Mexico: 317–25.
7235:
6994:
6936:Architects' Journal (6 December 2021).
6904:
6708:
6591:
6422:
6315:
6064:
5978:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5150:
5148:
5015:
4574:MacGillivray, Joseph Alexander (2000).
4518:"Sir William Flinders Petrie 1853–1942"
4143:
3543:
3165:
3137:List of archaeological sites by country
2844:African American Burial Grounds Network
2616:Archaeological Resources Protection Act
2242:Department for Culture, Media and Sport
1470:Archaeologists surveying a site in the
797:. His excavations were prompted by the
79:. Archaeology can be considered both a
11956:
8608:
7816:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
7362:
6807:
6494:
6374:
5478:
5271:from the original on 28 September 2014
5256:
5154:
4972:
4927:
4589:Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul G. (2015).
4422:Renfrew, Colin; Bahn, Paul G. (2015).
4191:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3508:
2856:Newton Enslaved Burial Ground Memorial
2811:New York African Burial Ground Project
2645:have illustrated the tensions between
1108:. For many literate cultures, such as
727:" and the father of the discipline of
693:, had a big impact throughout Europe.
530:. He was called by his contemporaries
302:) was discovered and analysed by king
147:means "the study of ancient history".
11240:
11161:National Endowment for the Humanities
11146:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
10689:
9510:
8898:
8546:Archaeology: The Discipline of Things
7895:The Archaeology of Contextual Meaning
7340:. Correct spelling. 9 February 2012.
7314:from the original on 27 February 2021
7301:
7196:
7106:from the original on 15 December 2021
7080:from the original on 15 December 2021
7054:from the original on 15 December 2021
6976:from the original on 14 November 2021
6950:from the original on 15 December 2021
6883:from the original on 15 December 2021
6852:from the original on 15 December 2021
6759:from the original on 15 December 2021
6665:from the original on 18 February 2006
6634:from the original on 22 December 2019
6287:Single, Adam; Davies, Louise (2021).
5754:
5030:from the original on 22 December 2017
5016:Sánchez, Rosalía (25 February 2015).
4869:
4498:from the original on 19 November 2018
4475:
4252:"WINCKELMANN, Johann Joachim (1779)"
4198:John Aubrey and the Realm of Learning
4117:. Taylor & Francis. p. 192.
3807:(paperback ed.). Cambridge, UK:
3769:
3751:from the original on 27 December 2013
3719:from the original on 19 November 2016
3701:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3493:
3412:from the original on 21 December 2019
3116: – Archaeological sub-discipline
3110: – Archaeological sub-discipline
3022: – Sub-discipline of archaeology
3001: – archaeological sub-discipline
2989: – Archaeological sub-discipline
2983: – Sub-discipline of archaeology
2971: – Sub-discipline of archaeology
2831:University of California, Los Angeles
2724:The remains and artifacts, including
2636:
2618:was in 1992 in the State of Indiana.
2412:
2260:, the same responsibilities lie with
1863:Computational and virtual archaeology
448:established the tradition of Chinese
11890:
11156:Moscow University for the Humanities
11127:Arts and Humanities Research Council
11084:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
8219:Archaeological Review from Cambridge
7397:Southwestern Journal of Anthropology
7344:from the original on 15 January 2021
7286:participating institution membership
6917:from the original on 8 December 2021
6789:from the original on 2 February 2021
6746:
6205:from the original on 15 January 2020
6125:. Rapid City, SD. 14 November 2008.
6011:Anthropological Studies Center (ASC)
5602:
5297:. Society for American Archaeology.
5213:
5145:
5048:
4520:. Palestine Exploration Fund. 2000.
4453:Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum
4313:
4285:Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (2006).
4110:
4053:from the original on 27 October 2021
3993:from the original on 27 October 2021
3515:on non-professional metal-detecting"
2533:
2138:
1781:sheets are filled in describing the
1128:of court or temple. The literacy of
735:Development of archaeological method
707:In the mid-18th century, the German
624:
598:transcriptions of Roman inscriptions
11266:
8629:from the original on 17 August 2021
8596:from the original on 19 August 2021
8563:from the original on 17 August 2021
8530:from the original on 16 August 2021
8355:A History of Archaeological Thought
7851:(13th ed.). Cengage Learning.
7459:Billman, B.R.; Feinman, G. (1999).
6972:. flatbushafricanburialground.org.
6871:McGreevy, Nora (29 December 2020).
6652:
5301:from the original on 25 August 2017
4870:Steve, Graham (17 September 1999).
4616:
3880:A History of Archaeological Thought
3674:
3624:
2827:University of California, Riverside
2270:Northern Ireland Environment Agency
2053:
687:Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79
510:was a restlessly itinerant Italian
13:
9798:Preservation (library and archive)
8615:. London and New York: Routledge.
8500:
8280:Tassie, G J.; Owens, L.S. (2010).
7950:Theory and Practice in Archaeology
7604:10.1038/scientificamerican0867-119
7577:from the original on 9 August 2020
6995:Gaffney, Austyn (19 August 2020).
6905:Gershon, Livia (8 December 2021).
6808:Lepore, Jill (24 September 2021).
6711:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
6356:from the original on 21 March 2018
6129:from the original on 12 April 2011
5768:from the original on 29 April 2009
5742:from the original on 26 April 2009
5716:from the original on 30 April 2009
5201:from the original on 5 August 2019
5155:Bawaya, Michael (8 January 2010).
4954:from the original on 25 April 2016
4930:Archaeological Sampling Strategies
4882:from the original on 20 April 2018
4622:
4555:from the original on 17 March 2013
4049:(Online ed.). 28 April 2021.
4023:from the original on 22 April 2016
4019:(Online ed.). 14 April 2021.
3770:Hirst, K. Kris (9 February 2017).
3578:
3544:Banning, Edward B. (29 May 2019).
3521:(blog). de Gruyter. Archived from
3450:from the original on 9 August 2020
3314:The Oxford Handbook of Archaeology
2953:Archaeology of religion and ritual
2760:boxes lined with red cedar chips,
2511:and archaeological holiday tours.
2461:Diving on the Queen Anne's Revenge
2297:State Historic Preservation Office
2215:National Historic Preservation Act
1929:, employing open source software.
602:Miscellanea eruditae antiquitatis.
36:, an archaeological site in Spain.
14:
11985:
8824:
8797:Archaeology: Discovering our Past
8780:Magnetic Surveying in Archaeology
8683:Thomas Hester, Harry Shafer, and
8326:Tilley, Christopher, ed. (1993).
8253:Journal of Archaeological Science
8075:. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.
6822:from the original on 31 July 2022
6235:from the original on 3 April 2015
6179:from the original on 13 June 2015
5892:from the original on 26 July 2020
5638:from the original on 21 June 2008
5576:Journal of Archaeological Science
5257:Hudson, Hal (24 September 2014).
4631:. Staff.ncl.ac.uk. Archived from
4092:from the original on 31 July 2022
3784:from the original on 11 June 2011
3710:
3656:from the original on 10 June 2020
3612:from the original on 11 June 2020
3436:. Oxford University Press. 2001.
3028: – Specialisation of history
2885:Golden Rock African Burial Ground
2862:. The Ghanaian-British architect
2380:Permanent exhibition in a German
1636:Excavations at the 3800-year-old
1363:
1034:. The Child was an infant of the
743:Artifacts discovered at the 1808
376:The science of archaeology (from
317:the sun god, the warrior goddess
246:Extract describing the excavation
11941:
11913:
11902:
11889:
11878:
11877:
10652:Conservation-restoration of the
10528:Indigenous intellectual property
9489:
9479:
9478:
8859:
8427:. Palo Alto, CA: National Press.
8069:Renfrew, C.; Bahn, P.G. (1991).
7904:The Uses of Style in Archaeology
7834:from the original on 4 June 2020
7518:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999).
7326:
7302:Hirst, K. Kris (24 March 2018).
7258:
7229:
7190:
7176:
7147:
7118:
7092:
7066:
7034:
7021:
6988:
6962:
6929:
6864:
6834:
6801:
6771:
6740:
6727:
6702:
6677:
6616:
6592:Strauss, Mark (20 August 2015).
6585:
6445:
6416:
6397:
6368:
6309:
6255:"Blackbeard's glowing shipwreck"
6247:
6217:
6191:
6141:
6065:Marwick, Ben (29 October 2020).
6058:
6025:
5950:"Romancing the Past-Archaeology"
5864:
5855:
5846:
5833:
5824:
5815:
5738:(main page). Historic Scotland.
5728:
5690:from the original on 21 May 2009
4542:
4524:from the original on 14 May 2011
4173:from the original on 10 May 2022
4156:Archaeology: The widening debate
4131:from the original on 10 May 2022
3989:(Online ed.). 31 May 2021.
3803:Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999).
3032:Geophysical survey (archaeology)
2964:Area of archaeological potential
2143:
1569:detect minute deviations in the
239:
225:
11832:List of social science journals
11204:Humanities in the United States
11052:American Journal of Archaeology
9763:Inventory (library and archive)
9663:Cultural property documentation
8924:
8651:New Perspectives in Archaeology
8232:Journal of European Archaeology
8190:Shanks, M.; Tilley, C. (1988).
8181:Shanks, M.; Tilley, C. (1987).
7968:Ideology, Power, and Prehistory
7378:
6783:Society of Black Archaeologists
6097:from the original on 3 May 2021
6071:Norwegian Archaeological Review
5313:
5283:
5250:
5093:
5042:
5009:
4966:
4940:
4863:
4582:
4567:
4536:
4510:
4469:
4440:
4415:
4396:
4361:
4325:
4288:History of the art of antiquity
4278:
4265:
4246:
4237:
4219:
4185:
4104:
4065:
4035:
4005:
3975:
3962:
3949:
3924:
3825:
3796:
3763:
3731:
3668:
3642:. Cengage Learning. p. 2.
3595:Great Adventures in Archaeology
3537:
3509:Markin, Pablo (10 April 2017).
3502:
3487:
3310:"The Discipline of Archaeology"
3099: – Study of ancient humans
2815:Society of Black Archaeologists
2750:Canadian Museum of Civilization
2677:
2591:Looting of archaeological sites
2277:Institut national du patrimoine
2097:
1892:models have been combined with
1852:while any texts can usually be
1398:
1191:cultural-historical archaeology
1142:and differential preservation.
606:Twelfth-century Indian scholar
332:
11789:Science and technology studies
11079:Journal of Controversial Ideas
10715:
10161:Bone, horn, and antler objects
9703:Digital photograph restoration
8817:University of California Press
8668:A Short History of Archaeology
7810:Gould, R.; Yellen, J. (1987).
7551:. In David L. Carrasco (ed.).
7409:10.1086/soutjanth.17.4.3628943
7074:"The Mass Grave in the Garden"
6051:10.26721/spafajournal.v4i0.625
5790:. ehsni.gov.uk. Archived from
4613:Renfrew and Bahn (2004 ):33–35
4201:. London: Duckworth. pp.
3424:
3394:
3334:
3308:Kristiansen, Kristian (2009).
3301:
3272:
3243:
3205:. Another uncommon variant is
3132:List of archaeological periods
2995: – Process in archaeology
2891:Climate change and archaeology
2850:, eight days after becoming a
2408:Current issues and controversy
1960:archaeological sub-disciplines
1880:are now used to build virtual
345:History of Chinese archaeology
287:, a foundation deposit of the
233:Nabonidus cylinder from Sippar
205:First instances of archaeology
1:
10346:South Asian household shrines
10044:Reconstruction (architecture)
9974:Cultural property radiography
9931:Registrar (cultural property)
9683:Cultural resources management
9643:Collections management system
8511:Table of years in archaeology
8455:10.1080/00438243.1972.9979535
8192:Social Theory and Archaeology
8050:(inactive 17 September 2024).
8004:African Archaeological Review
7766:10.1080/00438243.1969.9979499
7625:10.1525/aa.1982.84.2.02a00010
7451:10.1525/aa.1961.63.4.02a00070
7125:Fluck, H.; Guest, K. (2022).
6083:10.1080/00293652.2020.1837233
5541:Journal of Social Archaeology
5123:10.1080/10256016.2019.1598986
4627:Archaeology – an introduction
4319:
3970:Cyriacus of Ancona and Athens
3225:
3103:Remote sensing in archaeology
3080:Magnetic survey (archaeology)
2696:groups and scientists is the
2325:fact-finding mission in Libya
2309:
2203:Cultural resources management
2135:Cultural resources management
2129:Cultural resources management
2118:geographic information system
1670:An archaeologist sifting for
1621:
967:. Meanwhile, the work of Sir
615:
353:Archaeologists excavating in
307:
296:
271:
260:
213:
165:Archaeology developed out of
11099:Revue des Études Arméniennes
10615:Conservation-restoration of
10606:Conservation-restoration of
9979:Detachment of wall paintings
9753:Intangible cultural heritage
9668:Cultural property exhibition
9653:Cultural heritage management
9063:electrical resistance survey
8850:Resources in other libraries
8689:Field Methods in Archaeology
8507:Bibliography of anthropology
8476:. New York: Academic Press.
7828:10.1016/0278-4165(87)90017-1
7334:"Archaeology vs. archeology"
7215:10.1126/science.346.6206.157
6747:Wade, Lizzie (8 July 2021).
6172:Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck
5184:10.1126/science.327.5962.140
4273:Winckelmann: Writings on Art
3834:The Journal of Asian Studies
3182: 'ancient' and
2782:African diaspora archaeology
2776:African diaspora archaeology
2748:. They had been part of the
2357:Popular views of archaeology
2207:Cultural heritage management
1256:, which has become known as
440:(960–1279), figures such as
21:Archaeology (disambiguation)
7:
10059:Transfer of panel paintings
8678:Introduction to Archaeology
7888:. New York: Academic Press.
7363:Little, Barbara J. (2006).
7002:National Geographic Society
6452:Aitchison, Kenneth (2021).
6013:. Sonoma.edu. 17 April 2018
6007:"Public Education/Outreach"
5628:"Department of Archaeology"
5460:Saraydar and Shimada (1973)
5451:Saraydar and Shimada (1971)
3744:Online Etymology Dictionary
3592:Silverberg, Robert (1997).
3240:Renfrew and Bahn (2004 :13)
3189: 'study of'. Although
3152:List of paleoethnobotanists
3092:Nationalism and archaeology
3040: – Aspect of GIS usage
2906:
2881:Godet African Burial Ground
2470:Created and co-produced by
2344:United Nations peacekeeping
2169:the claims made and adding
1788:
1757:The next task is to form a
1696:Primary Laws of Archaeology
1605:Portable Antiquities Scheme
1258:post-processual archaeology
1154:for millions of years (see
1079:and eventually into modern
842:Christian Jürgensen Thomsen
675:Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre
454:Chinese bronze inscriptions
110:Archaeologists study human
10:
11990:
10523:Heritage language learning
9793:Optical media preservation
8952:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
8504:
8244:10.1179/096576693800731190
8183:Reconstructing Archaeology
7997:. New York, NY: Routledge.
6659:Canadian Geographic Online
6423:Dediala, Ričardas (2021).
5415:Schott and Sillitoe (2005)
4918:Billman and Feinman (1999)
3972:, Bruxelles-Berchem, 1960.
3878:Trigger, Bruce G. (2006).
3809:Cambridge University Press
3639:Archaeology: Down to Earth
3147:List of archaeology awards
2779:
2573:
2537:
2132:
2101:
2079:
2057:
2021:
1947:
1866:
1792:
1625:
1402:
1332:
1211:direct historical approach
1181:
1040:species, an early form of
1037:Australopithecus africanus
1017:
1010:became more prevalent and
838:Jacques Boucher de Perthes
709:Johann Joachim Winckelmann
567:topography of ancient Rome
401:
391:
381:
342:
336:
212:Excavations of Nabonidus (
197:
193:
18:
11873:
11840:
11824:
11571:
11297:
11274:
11214:Outline of the humanities
11194:Criticism of mass culture
11174:
11166:National Humanities Medal
11119:
11044:
10875:
10723:
10591:
10563:Oral history preservation
10404:
10133:
10077:
9944:
9846:
9678:Cultural property storage
9673:Cultural property imaging
9548:
9474:
9426:
9321:
9214:
9158:
9107:
9098:
9033:Philosophy of archaeology
9020:
8932:
8845:Resources in your library
8758:, AltaMira Press (2000).
8715:10.1007/s11759-014-9250-y
8579:Archaeology in the Making
8273:10.1016/j.jas.2004.11.012
8048:10.1177/14634990122228638
8016:10.1007/s10437-005-3158-2
7434:"Experimental Archeology"
7273:Oxford English Dictionary
6316:Wilkins, Brendon (2021).
5596:10.1016/j.jas.2009.06.025
4948:"Kite aerial photography"
4382:10.1017/S000358151000003X
4332:Robinson, Walter (1995).
3494:Bueno, Christina (2016).
3020:Environmental archaeology
3008:Disturbance (archaeology)
2987:Computational archaeology
2792:Trans-Saharan Slave Trade
2365:Extensive excavations at
2340:Blue Shield International
2323:Blue Shield International
1915:
1869:Computational archaeology
1628:Archaeological excavation
1177:
1026:Cast of the skull of the
992:grid system of excavation
947:, on the site of ancient
11199:Educational essentialism
10836:Interdisciplinary fields
10610:by Elías García Martínez
9828:Sustainable preservation
8609:Shanks, Michael (1992).
8328:Interpretive Archaeology
7952:. London, UK: Routeldge.
7893:Hodder, I., ed. (1987).
6598:National Geographic News
5916:Near Eastern Archaeology
5553:10.1177/1469605312439139
4737:Shanks and Tilley (1988)
4728:Shanks and Tilley (1987)
4484:. Oxford: Archaeopress.
4259:8 September 2021 at the
4047:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4017:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3987:Encyclopaedia Britannica
3840:(2): 169–177, esp. 171.
3158:
2796:Indian Ocean Slave Trade
2710:Kitigan Zibi reservation
2568:Ancient astronaut theory
2087:Experimental archaeology
2082:Experimental archaeology
2076:Experimental archaeology
1976:Near Eastern archaeology
1950:Subfields of archaeology
1944:Academic sub-disciplines
1823:post-excavation analysis
1795:Post-excavation analysis
1706:with nearby objects and
1549:ground-penetrating radar
1299:structural functionalism
1277:neo-evolutionary thought
1266:historical processualism
1195:historical particularism
799:"Moundbuilders" question
677:in the ancient towns of
150:The discipline involves
126:, which is the study of
95:(in North America – the
11477:international relations
10568:Preservation of meaning
10553:Language revitalization
10221:Illuminated manuscripts
9999:Historic paint analysis
9891:Conservation technician
9693:Deaccessioning (museum)
9633:Collections maintenance
9558:Agents of deterioration
8890:The Archaeology Channel
7995:Dominion and Resistance
7957:Kuznar, L, ed. (2001).
7613:American Anthropologist
7438:American Anthropologist
7278:Oxford University Press
6375:Sloane, Barney (2021).
5469:Gifford-Gonzalez (1985)
4275:(London: Phaidon) 1972.
4072:Singh, Upinder (2009).
3318:Oxford University Press
3201:in accordance with the
3044:Glossary of archaeology
2825:, archaeologist at the
2823:Ayana Omilade Flewellen
2524:The Archaeology Channel
2043:. When remnants of the
1992:battlefield archaeology
1618:, or sub-bottom sonar.
895:William Flinders Petrie
633:An early photograph of
614:which was completed in
139:to reconstructing past
11804:Quantum social science
10987:Liberal arts education
10578:Tradition preservation
10231:Iron and steel objects
10120:Outdoor bronze objects
10064:UVC-based preservation
9921:Photograph conservator
9886:Conservation scientist
9638:Collections management
9568:Archaeological science
8642:Archaeology (magazine)
8425:Settlement Archaeology
8362:Watters, M.R. (1992).
8353:Trigger, B.G. (1989).
8301:A Study of Archaeology
8036:Anthropological Theory
7547:Fash, William (2001).
7197:Curry, Andrew (2014).
6737:2020 61:S22, S183-S197
6350:archaeologychannel.org
6201:. State Publications.
6149:"Mardi Gras Shipwreck"
5684:"Historic environment"
5291:"What is archaeology?"
5071:10.1098/rsta.1970.0090
3906:Clunas, Craig (2004).
3563:10.1515/opar-2019-0013
3142:List of archaeologists
2948:Archaeology and racism
2942:Archaeological science
2587:
2444:Shipwreck Project was
2385:
2373:
2326:
2230:material consideration
2104:Archaeological science
2024:Historical archaeology
2018:Historical archaeology
1996:archaeological culture
1834:archaeological science
1818:
1767:archaeological section
1679:
1663:
1644:
1612:underwater archaeology
1587:electrical resistivity
1571:Earth's magnetic field
1501:
1477:
1418:
1351:
1231:processual archaeology
1106:historical archaeology
1044:
940:
891:
869:Typology (archaeology)
865:arranged his artifacts
853:
816:work of scholars like
756:
646:
638:
479:Chinese historiography
425:took place during the
373:
358:
200:History of archaeology
37:
11841:Other categorizations
11694:International studies
11679:History of technology
11614:Communication studies
11497:public administration
11063:History of Humanities
10583:Traditional knowledge
10548:Language preservation
10156:Ancient Greek pottery
10054:Textile stabilization
9916:Paintings conservator
9803:Preservation metadata
9688:Database preservation
9542:historic preservation
9043:Archaeological ethics
9038:Archaeological diving
9028:Archaeological theory
8754:Adrian Praetzellis –
8582:. London: Routledge.
8400:Willey, G.R. (1953).
8299:Taylor, W.W. (1948).
7027:marjolijn kok, 2022.
6655:"Bones of contention"
5764:. Cadw.wales.gov.uk.
5479:Frison, G.C. (1989).
5388:Gould and Yellen 1987
4928:Redman, C.L. (1974).
4773:Miller and Tilley1984
4447:Bowden, Mark (1984).
3279:Sinclair, A. (2022).
3250:Sinclair, A. (2016).
3068:Landscape archaeology
3026:Environmental history
2981:Classical archaeology
2708:area convened on the
2581:
2559:Chariots of the Gods?
2516:Community archaeology
2492:Community archaeology
2382:multi-storey car park
2379:
2364:
2317:
2041:African Burial Ground
1988:landscape archaeology
1902:Agent-based modelling
1802:
1669:
1650:
1635:
1499:
1469:
1412:
1405:Archaeological survey
1349:
1319:postcolonial thoughts
1184:Archaeological theory
1120:classes, such as the
1061:evolution of humanity
1025:
937:Maiden Castle, Dorset
933:systematic excavation
927:
881:
850:
742:
644:
632:
364:
352:
343:Further information:
57:archaeological record
31:
11674:Historical sociology
11219:Renaissance humanism
11151:Master of Humanities
10371:Time-based media art
10181:Copper-based objects
10095:Archaeological sites
10024:Mass deacidification
9969:Cradling (paintings)
9881:Conservator-restorer
9708:Digital preservation
8982:Augustus Pitt Rivers
8977:William Henry Holmes
8942:Archaeological sites
8775:, 2nd edition (1996)
8742:Internet Archaeology
8330:. Oxford, UK: Berg.
7866:Hinshaw, J. (2000).
7507:Internet Archaeology
7242:Internet Archaeology
7236:Kadakas, U. (2022).
7160:Internet Archaeology
7131:Internet Archaeology
6911:Smithsonian Magazine
6877:Smithsonian Magazine
6735:Current Anthropology
6458:Internet Archaeology
6429:Internet Archaeology
6381:Internet Archaeology
6322:Internet Archaeology
6293:Internet Archaeology
5981:Internet Archaeology
5712:. English Heritage.
5529:Glascock et al. 1994
5406:Sillet et al. (2006)
4874:. Feature Articles.
4846:Pauketat, Timothy R.
4782:Miller et al. (1989)
3511:"A special issue of
3285:Internet Archaeology
3256:Internet Archaeology
3209:, using the archaic
3086:Maritime archaeology
2975:Chronological dating
2860:Atlantic slave trade
2839:United States Senate
2788:Atlantic Slave Trade
2564:palaeocontact theory
2509:training excavations
2472:Nautilus Productions
2468:on 19 February 2009.
2441:Queen Anne's Revenge
2244:in association with
1984:Medieval archaeology
1311:feminist archaeology
1236:In the 1980s, a new
1097:and the creation of
1093:, the beginnings of
1057:The Oldowan Industry
1004:maritime archaeology
861:Augustus Pitt Rivers
655:megalithic monuments
427:Enlightenment period
176:feminist archaeology
172:maritime archaeology
83:and a branch of the
19:For other uses, see
11854:Geisteswissenschaft
11848:Behavioral sciences
11774:Political sociology
11689:Information science
11634:Development studies
11138:Geisteswissenschaft
11104:Teaching Philosophy
10883:Abductive reasoning
10675:World Heritage Site
10538:Indigenous language
10438:Endangered language
10336:Shipwreck artifacts
10316:Photographic plates
10266:Musical instruments
10019:Lining of paintings
9936:Textile conservator
9911:Objects conservator
9901:Exhibition designer
9808:Preservation survey
9733:Found in collection
9623:Collection (museum)
9593:Calendar (archives)
9563:Archival processing
8972:John Lloyd Stephens
8962:Heinrich Schliemann
8819:, Berkeley CA, 2002
8749:Sites and Monuments
8470:Yellen, J. (1977).
8423:Willey, G. (1968).
8385:2000Gearc..15..537W
8265:2005JArSc..32..653S
7948:Hodder, I. (1992).
7875:Hodder, I. (1982).
7655:1994JRNC..180...29G
7592:Scientific American
7432:Ascher, R. (1961).
7371:on 5 December 2009.
7276:(Online ed.).
7009:on 15 December 2021
5928:10.1086/NEA25067670
5794:on 25 December 2007
5788:"Built Environment"
5736:"Historic Scotland"
5664:on 12 February 2008
5588:2009JArSc..36.2502S
5339:10.3390/rel11120678
5176:2010Sci...327..140B
5115:2019IEHS...55..227A
5063:1970RSPTA.269..121H
4549:thegreatcourses.com
4476:Hicks, Dan (2013).
4405:British Archaeology
4370:Antiquaries Journal
4338:Instant Art History
4203:156–57, 162–66, 181
4111:Ucko, P.J. (2005).
3364:10.1038/nature14464
3356:2015Natur.521..310H
2999:Digital archaeology
2817:was created in the
2603:illicit antiquities
2597:were looted during
2398:Valley of the Kings
2235:developer's expense
2219:archaeological site
2205:(CRM), also called
2122:Rare earth elements
1980:Islamic archaeology
1873:Virtual archaeology
1698:). Likewise, their
1638:Edgewater Park Site
1610:Regional survey in
1507:is conducted using
1457:settlement patterns
1413:Satellite image of
1209:etc.) followed the
1089:, the discovery of
1071:developed from the
981:Minoan civilization
953:Heinrich Schliemann
468:published in 1088,
300: 2200 BC
285:Ancient Mesopotamia
264: 2200 BC
97:four-field approach
89:academic discipline
77:cultural landscapes
11909:Society portal
11396:auxiliary sciences
11225:Studia Humanitatis
10533:Indigenous culture
9876:Collection manager
9773:Media preservation
9768:Inventory (museum)
9628:Collection catalog
9496:History portal
9058:geophysical survey
8799:2nd edition (1993)
8786:David Hurst Thomas
8771:& Paul Bahn –
8691:7th edition (1997)
8137:American Antiquity
8100:American Antiquity
7913:American Antiquity
7775:American Antiquity
7717:American Antiquity
7680:American Antiquity
7663:10.1007/BF02039899
7470:American Antiquity
6551:American Antiquity
6498:American Antiquity
6346:"Our organization"
6122:Rapid City Journal
5954:Denison University
5486:American Antiquity
4975:American Antiquity
4656:American Antiquity
4635:on 23 January 2013
3955:Edward W. Bodnar,
3525:on 28 October 2019
3097:Palaeoanthropology
3038:GIS in archaeology
2914:Aerial archaeology
2664:indigenous peoples
2637:Descendant peoples
2588:
2547:post-processualism
2486:Meet the Ancestors
2413:Public archaeology
2386:
2374:
2327:
2154:possibly contains
1819:
1680:
1664:
1645:
1563:Geophysical survey
1502:
1478:
1419:
1352:
1246:Christopher Tilley
1073:australopithecines
1045:
1012:rescue archaeology
965:Hellenistic period
941:
939:, in October 1937.
892:
854:
761:William Cunnington
757:
753:William Cunnington
749:Richard Colt Hoare
747:excavation by Sir
725:modern archaeology
647:
639:
559:(in six volumes).
532:pater antiquitatis
508:Cyriacus of Ancona
486:Renaissance Europe
419:Richard Colt Hoare
374:
366:Cyriacus of Ancona
359:
311: 550 BC
275: 550 BC
257:Naram-Sin of Akkad
38:
11974:Fields of history
11929:
11928:
11769:Political economy
11764:Political ecology
11619:Community studies
11609:Cognitive science
11572:Interdisciplinary
11472:Political science
11234:
11233:
10954:General knowledge
10937:Cultural literacy
10871:
10870:
10805:Religious studies
10741:Classical studies
10683:
10682:
10632:Pompeian frescoes
10518:Heritage language
10408:cultural heritage
10196:Flags and banners
10141:cultural property
10105:Heritage railways
10085:cultural property
10034:Paleo-inspiration
9718:Film preservation
9658:Cultural property
9648:Cultural heritage
9538:Cultural heritage
9504:
9503:
9422:
9421:
9404:Pseudoarchaeology
9021:Method and theory
8864:Works related to
8831:Library resources
8792:, 3rd. ed. (1998)
8764:978-0-7425-0359-5
8589:978-0-415-63480-9
8556:978-0-520-95400-7
8483:978-0-12-770350-3
8443:World Archaeology
8404:. Washington, DC.
8337:978-0-85496-842-8
8310:978-0-906367-12-4
8291:978-1-906137-17-5
8201:978-0-7456-0184-7
8082:978-0-500-27867-3
7977:978-0-521-25526-4
7877:Symbols in Action
7858:978-0-495-81082-7
7754:World Archaeology
7531:978-0-521-43519-2
7284:(Subscription or
7209:(6206): 157–159.
7199:"Racing the thaw"
7169:10.11141/ia.60.10
6720:978-3-030-30018-0
6604:on 22 August 2015
6438:10.11141/ia.57.11
6390:10.11141/ia.57.17
6331:10.11141/ia.57.18
6302:10.11141/ia.57.10
5952:(Press release).
5888:. 12 April 2019.
5267:. No. 2988.
5238:on 25 August 2013
5170:(5962): 140–141.
5057:(1193): 121–124.
4600:978-0-500-29159-7
4543:Harl, Kenneth W.
4491:978-1-905739-58-5
4433:978-0-500-29159-7
4231:The Elgin Marbles
4212:978-0-7156-0818-0
4166:978-0-19-726255-9
4124:978-1-134-84346-6
3715:. ThoughtCo.com.
3649:978-1-133-60864-6
3605:978-0-8032-9247-5
3443:978-0-19-510815-6
3408:. 28 March 2014.
3350:(7552): 310–315.
3294:10.11141/ia.59.10
3108:Urban archaeology
3074:Landscape history
2958:Archival research
2895:As anthropogenic
2746:Allumette Islands
2660:postprocessualism
2556:. His 1968 book,
2554:Erich von Däniken
2540:Pseudoarchaeology
2534:Pseudoarchaeology
2497:health and safety
2452:as a part of the
2351:Karl von Habsburg
2319:Karl von Habsburg
2262:Historic Scotland
2199:
2198:
2191:
2156:original research
1994:), or a specific
1878:Computer graphics
1600:English Civil War
1375:Satellite imagery
1347:
1295:cognitive science
1227:scientific method
1170:Pseudoarchaeology
1067:period, when the
1008:urban archaeology
951:, carried out by
793:burial mounds in
704:were overlooked.
625:First excavations
549:Egyptian pyramids
524:maritime republic
321:(both located in
184:pseudoarchaeology
158:, and eventually
11981:
11946:
11945:
11944:
11937:
11917:
11907:
11906:
11893:
11892:
11881:
11880:
11784:Regional science
11629:Cultural studies
11604:Business studies
11261:
11254:
11247:
11238:
11237:
11021:Self-realization
10833:
10832:
10710:
10703:
10696:
10687:
10686:
10619:by Thomas Eakins
10617:The Gross Clinic
10513:Folklore studies
10423:Applied folklore
10396:Wooden furniture
10391:Wooden artifacts
10386:Woodblock prints
10366:Tibetan thangkas
10226:Insect specimens
10115:Outdoor artworks
10110:Historic gardens
9743:Heritage science
9531:
9524:
9517:
9508:
9507:
9494:
9493:
9492:
9482:
9481:
9329:Archaeoastronomy
9296:Paleoethnobotany
9105:
9104:
9007:Alfred V. Kidder
8992:Mortimer Wheeler
8919:
8912:
8905:
8896:
8895:
8863:
8726:
8685:Kenneth L. Feder
8638:
8636:
8634:
8605:
8603:
8601:
8572:
8570:
8568:
8539:
8537:
8535:
8495:
8466:
8437:
8428:
8419:
8413:
8405:
8396:
8367:
8358:
8349:
8322:
8295:
8276:
8247:
8226:
8213:
8186:
8177:
8168:
8131:
8094:
8065:
8059:
8051:
8027:
7998:
7989:
7962:
7953:
7944:
7907:
7898:
7889:
7880:
7871:
7862:
7843:
7841:
7839:
7806:
7769:
7748:
7711:
7674:
7637:
7628:
7607:
7586:
7584:
7582:
7543:
7514:
7501:
7464:
7455:
7453:
7428:
7391:
7373:
7372:
7360:
7354:
7353:
7351:
7349:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7299:
7290:
7289:
7281:
7269:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7251:10.11141/ia.60.9
7233:
7227:
7226:
7194:
7188:
7187:
7180:
7174:
7173:
7171:
7151:
7145:
7144:
7142:
7140:10.11141/ia.60.1
7122:
7116:
7115:
7113:
7111:
7102:. 19 July 2021.
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7076:. 25 July 2017.
7070:
7064:
7063:
7061:
7059:
7050:. 21 July 2016.
7038:
7032:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7005:. Archived from
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6966:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6955:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6902:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6868:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6857:
6838:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6827:
6805:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6775:
6769:
6768:
6766:
6764:
6744:
6738:
6731:
6725:
6724:
6706:
6700:
6699:
6681:
6675:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6653:Wallace, Katie.
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6639:
6620:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6609:
6600:. Archived from
6589:
6583:
6582:
6546:
6540:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6478:
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:10.11141/ia.57.8
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6392:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6284:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6261:. Archived from
6251:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6231:. October 2001.
6221:
6215:
6214:
6212:
6210:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6155:. Archived from
6145:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6134:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6062:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6018:
6003:
5997:
5996:
5993:10.11141/ia.15.1
5976:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5956:. Archived from
5946:
5940:
5939:
5922:(3–4): 174–185.
5911:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5878:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5853:
5850:
5844:
5837:
5831:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5804:
5803:
5801:
5799:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5680:
5674:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5624:
5618:
5617:
5616:on 25 July 2008.
5612:. Archived from
5606:
5600:
5599:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5536:
5530:
5527:
5521:
5520:
5502:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5452:
5449:
5443:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5425:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5407:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5389:
5386:
5380:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5353:
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5317:
5311:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5287:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5276:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5222:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5200:
5161:
5152:
5143:
5142:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5046:
5040:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5013:
5007:
5006:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4910:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4872:"Remote sensing"
4867:
4861:
4858:
4849:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4828:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4810:
4807:
4801:
4798:
4792:
4789:
4783:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4765:
4762:
4756:
4753:
4747:
4744:
4738:
4735:
4729:
4726:
4720:
4717:
4711:
4708:
4702:
4699:
4688:
4687:
4651:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4640:
4620:
4614:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4529:
4514:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4473:
4467:
4466:
4444:
4438:
4437:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4400:
4394:
4393:
4365:
4359:
4358:
4329:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4282:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4250:
4244:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4223:
4217:
4216:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4150:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4069:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4058:
4043:"William Camden"
4039:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4009:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3979:
3973:
3966:
3960:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3903:
3894:
3893:
3875:
3866:
3865:
3829:
3823:
3822:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3735:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3711:Hirst, K. Kris.
3708:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3688:
3681:
3677:"Lecture 2"
3675:Watrall, Ethan.
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3633:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3589:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3550:Open Archaeology
3541:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3530:
3513:Open Archaeology
3506:
3500:
3499:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:10.11141/ia.42.8
3247:
3241:
3238:
3219:
3203:GPO Style Manual
3169:
3004:
2925:Archaeoastronomy
2718:Algonquin people
2714:Maniwaki, Quebec
2647:Native Americans
2611:Southwest Museum
2505:local government
2469:
2436:underwater video
2258:Northern Ireland
2246:English Heritage
2194:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:inline citations
2147:
2146:
2139:
2065:Ethnoarchaeology
2060:Ethnoarchaeology
2054:Ethnoarchaeology
1925:to make a drone
1842:paleoethnobotany
1583:stone structures
1581:, some types of
1476:, eastern Jordan
1348:
1225:testing and the
1199:Native Americans
988:Mortimer Wheeler
961:Wilhelm Dörpfeld
929:Mortimer Wheeler
783:Thomas Jefferson
620:
617:
404:
403:
399:, "ancient" and
394:
393:
384:
383:
312:
309:
301:
298:
276:
273:
265:
262:
243:
229:
218:
215:
180:archaeoastronomy
53:material culture
11989:
11988:
11984:
11983:
11982:
11980:
11979:
11978:
11954:
11953:
11952:
11942:
11940:
11932:
11930:
11925:
11901:
11869:
11836:
11820:
11794:Science studies
11578:Administration
11567:
11293:
11270:
11268:Social sciences
11265:
11235:
11230:
11170:
11115:
11040:
11026:Self-reflection
11016:Moral character
10975:Human condition
10927:Critical theory
10867:
10831:
10778:Performing arts
10719:
10714:
10684:
10679:
10626:The Last Supper
10593:
10587:
10573:Primitive music
10483:Folk instrument
10458:Family folklore
10448:Ethnomusicology
10443:Ethnochoreology
10410:
10407:
10400:
10321:Plastic objects
10306:Performance art
10291:Panel paintings
10286:Painting frames
10251:Leather objects
10171:Ceramic objects
10143:
10140:
10138:
10137:and restoration
10136:
10129:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10081:and restoration
10080:
10073:
10039:Paper splitting
9954:Aging (artwork)
9946:
9940:
9926:Preservationist
9848:
9842:
9698:Digital library
9550:
9544:
9535:
9505:
9500:
9490:
9488:
9470:
9418:
9317:
9232:Archaeogenetics
9210:
9154:
9100:Sub-disciplines
9094:
9090:Post-excavation
9085:Lithic analysis
9016:
8987:Flinders Petrie
8928:
8923:
8856:
8855:
8854:
8839:
8838:
8834:
8827:
8822:
8756:Death by Theory
8632:
8630:
8623:
8599:
8597:
8590:
8566:
8564:
8557:
8533:
8531:
8513:
8505:Main articles:
8503:
8501:Further reading
8498:
8484:
8407:
8406:
8338:
8311:
8292:
8284:. London: GHP.
8202:
8083:
8053:
8052:
7978:
7859:
7837:
7835:
7580:
7578:
7563:
7532:
7381:
7376:
7361:
7357:
7347:
7345:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7300:
7293:
7283:
7263:
7259:
7234:
7230:
7195:
7191:
7186:. October 2023.
7182:
7181:
7177:
7152:
7148:
7123:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7098:
7097:
7093:
7083:
7081:
7072:
7071:
7067:
7057:
7055:
7047:TheGuardian.com
7040:
7039:
7035:
7026:
7022:
7012:
7010:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6968:
6967:
6963:
6953:
6951:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6918:
6903:
6896:
6886:
6884:
6869:
6865:
6855:
6853:
6848:. 22 May 2019.
6840:
6839:
6835:
6825:
6823:
6806:
6802:
6792:
6790:
6777:
6776:
6772:
6762:
6760:
6745:
6741:
6732:
6728:
6721:
6707:
6703:
6696:
6682:
6678:
6668:
6666:
6651:
6647:
6637:
6635:
6622:
6621:
6617:
6607:
6605:
6590:
6586:
6547:
6543:
6538:
6534:
6493:
6489:
6480:
6479:
6475:
6450:
6446:
6421:
6417:
6402:
6398:
6373:
6369:
6359:
6357:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6314:
6310:
6285:
6278:
6268:
6266:
6265:on 2 April 2015
6253:
6252:
6248:
6238:
6236:
6223:
6222:
6218:
6208:
6206:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6182:
6180:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6159:on 16 May 2015.
6147:
6146:
6142:
6132:
6130:
6115:
6114:
6110:
6100:
6098:
6063:
6059:
6030:
6026:
6016:
6014:
6005:
6004:
6000:
5977:
5973:
5963:
5961:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5912:
5905:
5895:
5893:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5869:
5865:
5860:
5856:
5851:
5847:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5825:
5820:
5816:
5812:Flannery (1982)
5811:
5807:
5797:
5795:
5786:
5785:
5781:
5771:
5769:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5745:
5743:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5693:
5691:
5682:
5681:
5677:
5667:
5665:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5641:
5639:
5632:Sogaer.ex.ac.uk
5626:
5625:
5621:
5608:
5607:
5603:
5582:(11): 2502–06.
5572:
5568:
5537:
5533:
5528:
5524:
5477:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5459:
5455:
5450:
5446:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5424:Ogundele (2005)
5423:
5419:
5414:
5410:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5387:
5383:
5378:
5374:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5356:
5351:
5347:
5318:
5314:
5304:
5302:
5289:
5288:
5284:
5274:
5272:
5255:
5251:
5241:
5239:
5224:
5223:
5214:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5159:
5153:
5146:
5098:
5094:
5047:
5043:
5033:
5031:
5014:
5010:
4971:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4926:
4922:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4852:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4799:
4795:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4772:
4768:
4763:
4759:
4754:
4750:
4745:
4741:
4736:
4732:
4727:
4723:
4719:Flannery (1967)
4718:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4700:
4691:
4652:
4648:
4638:
4636:
4623:Greene, Kevin.
4621:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4601:
4587:
4583:
4572:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4541:
4537:
4527:
4525:
4516:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4499:
4492:
4474:
4470:
4463:
4445:
4441:
4434:
4420:
4416:
4401:
4397:
4366:
4362:
4352:
4330:
4326:
4318:
4314:
4299:
4283:
4279:
4270:
4266:
4261:Wayback Machine
4251:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4224:
4220:
4213:
4193:Hunter, Michael
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4151:
4144:
4134:
4132:
4125:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4086:
4070:
4066:
4056:
4054:
4041:
4040:
4036:
4026:
4024:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3983:"Flavio Biondo"
3981:
3980:
3976:
3967:
3963:
3954:
3950:
3943:
3929:
3925:
3918:
3904:
3897:
3890:
3876:
3869:
3846:10.2307/2050010
3830:
3826:
3819:
3811:. p. 148.
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3768:
3764:
3754:
3752:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3720:
3709:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3689:on 8 April 2014
3686:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3650:
3634:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3590:
3579:
3542:
3538:
3528:
3526:
3507:
3503:
3492:
3488:
3478:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3444:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3339:
3335:
3328:
3306:
3302:
3277:
3273:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3232:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3002:
2936:Archaeogenetics
2909:
2893:
2877:Dutch Caribbean
2784:
2778:
2704:nations in the
2680:
2639:
2576:
2542:
2536:
2415:
2410:
2359:
2312:
2275:In France, the
2195:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2160:
2148:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2106:
2100:
2084:
2078:
2070:hunter-gatherer
2062:
2056:
2033:medieval Europe
2026:
2020:
1964:lithic analysis
1952:
1946:
1918:
1875:
1867:Main articles:
1865:
1850:stable isotopes
1806:Homo luzonensis
1797:
1791:
1763:natural subsoil
1630:
1624:
1616:side-scan sonar
1595:metal detectors
1407:
1401:
1392:Laser altimeter
1366:
1337:
1335:
1186:
1180:
1156:Human evolution
1030:, uncovered in
1020:
996:Kathleen Kenyon
814:paleontological
791:Native American
737:
667:field monuments
637:taken July 1877
627:
618:
370:Benozzo Gozzoli
347:
341:
335:
310:
299:
289:Akkadian Empire
281:
280:
279:
278:
274:
263:
249:
248:
247:
244:
236:
235:
230:
221:
220:
216:
207:
202:
196:
137:culture history
32:Excavations at
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11987:
11977:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11951:
11950:
11927:
11926:
11924:
11923:
11911:
11899:
11887:
11874:
11871:
11870:
11868:
11867:
11862:
11857:
11850:
11844:
11842:
11838:
11837:
11835:
11834:
11828:
11826:
11822:
11821:
11819:
11818:
11813:
11808:
11807:
11806:
11801:
11791:
11786:
11781:
11776:
11771:
11766:
11761:
11760:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11741:
11740:
11739:
11737:social science
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11711:
11706:
11701:
11696:
11691:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11669:Global studies
11666:
11664:Gender studies
11661:
11656:
11655:
11654:
11649:
11647:social science
11643:Environmental
11641:
11636:
11631:
11626:
11621:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11601:
11596:
11591:
11590:
11589:
11584:
11575:
11573:
11569:
11568:
11566:
11565:
11564:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11533:
11532:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11516:
11511:
11501:
11500:
11499:
11494:
11489:
11484:
11479:
11469:
11468:
11467:
11457:
11456:
11455:
11450:
11445:
11440:
11435:
11425:
11424:
11423:
11418:
11413:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11383:
11382:
11381:
11376:
11371:
11366:
11356:
11355:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11342:macroeconomics
11339:
11337:microeconomics
11329:
11328:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11301:
11299:
11295:
11294:
11292:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11275:
11272:
11271:
11264:
11263:
11256:
11249:
11241:
11232:
11231:
11229:
11228:
11221:
11216:
11211:
11206:
11201:
11196:
11191:
11190:
11189:
11178:
11176:
11172:
11171:
11169:
11168:
11163:
11158:
11153:
11148:
11143:
11142:
11141:
11129:
11123:
11121:
11117:
11116:
11114:
11113:
11106:
11101:
11096:
11091:
11086:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11059:
11054:
11048:
11046:
11042:
11041:
11039:
11038:
11033:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11012:
11011:
11001:
11000:
10999:
10994:
10984:
10977:
10972:
10967:
10961:
10956:
10951:
10950:
10949:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10912:
10909:Belles-lettres
10905:
10900:
10895:
10893:Antipositivism
10890:
10885:
10879:
10877:
10873:
10872:
10869:
10868:
10866:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10845:
10839:
10837:
10830:
10829:
10828:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10796:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10775:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10763:
10758:
10748:
10743:
10738:
10733:
10727:
10725:
10721:
10720:
10713:
10712:
10705:
10698:
10690:
10681:
10680:
10678:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10621:
10612:
10603:
10597:
10595:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10558:Living history
10555:
10550:
10545:
10543:Language death
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10478:Folk etymology
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10440:
10435:
10430:
10428:Dance notation
10425:
10420:
10414:
10412:
10402:
10401:
10399:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10368:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10341:Silver objects
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10268:
10263:
10258:
10253:
10248:
10243:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10213:
10208:
10203:
10198:
10193:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10168:
10163:
10158:
10153:
10147:
10145:
10131:
10130:
10128:
10127:
10125:Outdoor murals
10122:
10117:
10112:
10107:
10102:
10097:
10091:
10089:
10075:
10074:
10072:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10049:Rissverklebung
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10011:
10006:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9964:Arrested decay
9961:
9956:
9950:
9948:
9947:and techniques
9942:
9941:
9939:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9852:
9850:
9844:
9843:
9841:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9738:Heritage asset
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9583:Bioarchaeology
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9554:
9552:
9546:
9545:
9534:
9533:
9526:
9519:
9511:
9502:
9501:
9499:
9498:
9486:
9475:
9472:
9471:
9469:
9468:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9459:Assyriologists
9456:
9449:Archaeologists
9446:
9441:
9440:
9439:
9430:
9428:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9419:
9417:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9325:
9323:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9304:
9303:
9301:Zooarchaeology
9298:
9293:
9291:Geoarchaeology
9283:
9282:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9261:
9256:
9255:
9254:
9252:Paleopathology
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9227:Bioarchaeology
9224:
9218:
9216:
9215:Methodological
9212:
9211:
9209:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9162:
9160:
9156:
9155:
9153:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9111:
9109:
9102:
9096:
9095:
9093:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9035:
9030:
9024:
9022:
9018:
9017:
9015:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8997:Dorothy Garrod
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8947:Antiquarianism
8944:
8938:
8936:
8930:
8929:
8922:
8921:
8914:
8907:
8899:
8893:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8870:
8869:
8853:
8852:
8847:
8841:
8840:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8825:External links
8823:
8821:
8820:
8806:
8800:
8793:
8783:
8776:
8766:
8752:
8747:C.U. Larsen -
8745:
8739:
8727:
8698:
8692:
8681:
8671:
8661:
8644:
8639:
8621:
8606:
8588:
8573:
8555:
8540:
8514:
8502:
8499:
8497:
8496:
8482:
8467:
8449:(2): 244–253.
8438:
8429:
8420:
8397:
8379:(6): 537–557.
8373:Geoarchaeology
8368:
8359:
8350:
8336:
8323:
8309:
8296:
8290:
8277:
8259:(5): 653–663.
8248:
8227:
8214:
8200:
8187:
8178:
8169:
8149:10.2307/279722
8143:(3): 344–350.
8132:
8112:10.2307/278680
8106:(2): 216–217.
8095:
8081:
8066:
8032:Pauketat, T.R.
8028:
7999:
7990:
7976:
7963:
7954:
7945:
7925:10.2307/280968
7908:
7899:
7890:
7881:
7872:
7863:
7857:
7844:
7807:
7787:10.2307/278668
7781:(2): 149–169.
7770:
7760:(2): 143–177.
7749:
7729:10.2307/278926
7712:
7692:10.2307/280169
7686:(4): 803–818.
7675:
7638:
7629:
7619:(2): 265–278.
7608:
7587:
7562:978-0195108156
7561:
7544:
7530:
7515:
7502:
7482:10.2307/278380
7465:
7456:
7444:(4): 793–816.
7429:
7392:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7355:
7325:
7291:
7257:
7228:
7189:
7175:
7146:
7117:
7091:
7065:
7033:
7020:
6987:
6961:
6928:
6894:
6863:
6833:
6815:The New Yorker
6800:
6770:
6739:
6726:
6719:
6701:
6694:
6676:
6645:
6615:
6584:
6563:10.2307/282080
6541:
6532:
6511:10.2307/279718
6487:
6473:
6444:
6415:
6396:
6367:
6337:
6308:
6276:
6246:
6216:
6190:
6162:
6140:
6108:
6077:(2): 163–169.
6057:
6024:
5998:
5971:
5960:on 31 May 2010
5941:
5903:
5873:
5863:
5854:
5845:
5832:
5823:
5814:
5805:
5779:
5753:
5727:
5701:
5675:
5649:
5619:
5601:
5566:
5547:(2): 245–263.
5531:
5522:
5500:10.2307/280681
5471:
5462:
5453:
5444:
5435:
5426:
5417:
5408:
5399:
5390:
5381:
5372:
5363:
5354:
5345:
5312:
5282:
5249:
5228:. World News.
5212:
5144:
5109:(3): 227–236.
5092:
5041:
5026:(in Spanish).
5008:
4987:10.2307/275881
4981:(2): 102–107.
4965:
4939:
4932:. Binghamton:
4920:
4911:
4902:
4893:
4862:
4860:Hinshaw (2000)
4850:
4838:
4829:
4820:
4811:
4802:
4793:
4784:
4775:
4766:
4757:
4748:
4739:
4730:
4721:
4712:
4710:Binford (1962)
4703:
4701:Trigger (1989)
4689:
4668:10.2307/278203
4662:(2): 156–165.
4646:
4615:
4606:
4599:
4581:
4566:
4535:
4509:
4490:
4468:
4461:
4439:
4432:
4414:
4395:
4360:
4350:
4334:"Introduction"
4324:
4312:
4298:978-0892366682
4297:
4277:
4264:
4245:
4236:
4218:
4211:
4184:
4165:
4142:
4123:
4103:
4085:978-9332569966
4084:
4064:
4034:
4004:
3974:
3961:
3948:
3941:
3923:
3916:
3895:
3888:
3867:
3824:
3817:
3795:
3762:
3730:
3700:
3667:
3648:
3623:
3604:
3577:
3556:(1): 180–186.
3536:
3501:
3486:
3461:
3442:
3423:
3393:
3333:
3327:978-0191743443
3326:
3300:
3271:
3242:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3118:
3117:
3114:Zooarchaeology
3111:
3105:
3100:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3071:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3011:
3005:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2969:Bioarchaeology
2966:
2961:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2931:Archaeobiology
2928:
2922:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2897:climate change
2892:
2889:
2873:Sint Eustatius
2821:. Co-founders
2807:Michael Blakey
2780:Main article:
2777:
2774:
2690:
2689:
2679:
2676:
2638:
2635:
2626:metal detector
2575:
2572:
2538:Main article:
2535:
2532:
2424:Forest Service
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2358:
2355:
2332:United Nations
2311:
2308:
2272:respectively.
2211:western Europe
2197:
2196:
2151:
2149:
2142:
2133:Main article:
2130:
2127:
2102:Main article:
2099:
2096:
2092:epistemologies
2080:Main article:
2077:
2074:
2058:Main article:
2055:
2052:
2048:Siegfried Line
2022:Main article:
2019:
2016:
1948:Main article:
1945:
1942:
1917:
1914:
1886:Photogrammetry
1864:
1861:
1838:zooarchaeology
1793:Main article:
1790:
1787:
1626:Main article:
1623:
1620:
1485:, corers, and
1473:Harrat al-Sham
1403:Main article:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1370:remote sensing
1365:
1364:Remote sensing
1362:
1334:
1331:
1273:systems theory
1242:Michael Shanks
1182:Main article:
1179:
1176:
1110:Ancient Greece
1019:
1016:
780:U.S. President
736:
733:
721:history of art
698:stratification
626:
623:
594:"archaeologia"
578:William Camden
446:Zhao Mingcheng
434:Imperial China
415:antiquarianism
337:Main article:
334:
331:
251:
250:
245:
238:
237:
231:
224:
223:
222:
211:
210:
209:
208:
206:
203:
198:Main article:
195:
192:
167:antiquarianism
81:social science
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11986:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11949:
11939:
11938:
11935:
11922:
11921:
11916:
11912:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11898:
11897:
11888:
11886:
11885:
11876:
11875:
11872:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11860:Human science
11858:
11856:
11855:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11845:
11843:
11839:
11833:
11830:
11829:
11827:
11823:
11817:
11816:Vegan studies
11814:
11812:
11809:
11805:
11802:
11800:
11797:
11796:
11795:
11792:
11790:
11787:
11785:
11782:
11780:
11779:Public health
11777:
11775:
11772:
11770:
11767:
11765:
11762:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11744:
11742:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11714:
11713:Philosophies
11712:
11710:
11709:Media studies
11707:
11705:
11702:
11700:
11697:
11695:
11692:
11690:
11687:
11685:
11684:Human ecology
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11665:
11662:
11660:
11657:
11653:
11650:
11648:
11645:
11644:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11635:
11632:
11630:
11627:
11625:
11622:
11620:
11617:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11600:
11597:
11595:
11594:Anthrozoology
11592:
11588:
11585:
11583:
11580:
11579:
11577:
11576:
11574:
11570:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11538:
11537:
11534:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11519:developmental
11517:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11506:
11505:
11502:
11498:
11495:
11493:
11492:public policy
11490:
11488:
11485:
11483:
11480:
11478:
11475:
11474:
11473:
11470:
11466:
11463:
11462:
11461:
11458:
11454:
11451:
11449:
11446:
11444:
11443:legal systems
11441:
11439:
11438:legal history
11436:
11434:
11433:jurisprudence
11431:
11430:
11429:
11426:
11422:
11419:
11417:
11414:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11388:
11387:
11384:
11380:
11377:
11375:
11372:
11370:
11367:
11365:
11362:
11361:
11360:
11357:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11335:
11334:
11333:
11330:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11307:
11306:
11303:
11302:
11300:
11296:
11290:
11287:
11285:
11282:
11280:
11277:
11276:
11273:
11269:
11262:
11257:
11255:
11250:
11248:
11243:
11242:
11239:
11227:
11226:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11215:
11212:
11210:
11207:
11205:
11202:
11200:
11197:
11195:
11192:
11188:
11185:
11184:
11183:
11180:
11179:
11177:
11173:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11147:
11144:
11140:
11139:
11135:
11134:
11133:
11132:Human science
11130:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11122:
11118:
11112:
11111:
11107:
11105:
11102:
11100:
11097:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11064:
11060:
11058:
11055:
11053:
11050:
11049:
11047:
11043:
11037:
11034:
11032:
11029:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11010:
11007:
11006:
11005:
11002:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10989:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10982:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10962:
10960:
10957:
10955:
10952:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10917:
10913:
10911:
10910:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10899:
10896:
10894:
10891:
10889:
10886:
10884:
10881:
10880:
10878:
10874:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10849:
10848:Environmental
10846:
10844:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10834:
10826:
10823:
10821:
10818:
10816:
10813:
10812:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10780:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10767:
10764:
10762:
10759:
10757:
10754:
10753:
10752:
10751:Language arts
10749:
10747:
10744:
10742:
10739:
10737:
10734:
10732:
10729:
10728:
10726:
10722:
10718:
10711:
10706:
10704:
10699:
10697:
10692:
10691:
10688:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10655:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10627:
10622:
10620:
10618:
10613:
10611:
10609:
10604:
10602:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10590:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10488:Folk medicine
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10444:
10441:
10439:
10436:
10434:
10431:
10429:
10426:
10424:
10421:
10419:
10418:Ancient music
10416:
10415:
10413:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10394:
10392:
10389:
10387:
10384:
10382:
10379:
10377:
10374:
10372:
10369:
10367:
10364:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10351:Stained glass
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10331:Road vehicles
10329:
10327:
10326:Rail vehicles
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10276:New media art
10274:
10272:
10269:
10267:
10264:
10262:
10259:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10236:Ivory objects
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10217:
10216:Human remains
10214:
10212:
10209:
10207:
10206:Glass objects
10204:
10202:
10199:
10197:
10194:
10192:
10189:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10172:
10169:
10167:
10164:
10162:
10159:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10148:
10146:
10142:
10132:
10126:
10123:
10121:
10118:
10116:
10113:
10111:
10108:
10106:
10103:
10101:
10098:
10096:
10093:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10083:of immovable
10076:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10060:
10057:
10055:
10052:
10050:
10047:
10045:
10042:
10040:
10037:
10035:
10032:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10020:
10017:
10015:
10012:
10010:
10007:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9992:
9990:
9987:
9985:
9984:Desmet method
9982:
9980:
9977:
9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9951:
9949:
9943:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9853:
9851:
9849:and expertise
9845:
9839:
9838:Web archiving
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9748:Inherent vice
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9547:
9543:
9539:
9532:
9527:
9525:
9520:
9518:
9513:
9512:
9509:
9497:
9487:
9485:
9477:
9476:
9473:
9467:
9464:
9460:
9457:
9455:
9454:Egyptologists
9452:
9451:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9438:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9431:
9429:
9425:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9399:Phenomenology
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9350:
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9326:
9324:
9320:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9288:
9287:
9286:Environmental
9284:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9274:Computational
9272:
9270:
9269:Archaeogaming
9267:
9266:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9219:
9217:
9213:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9163:
9161:
9157:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9140:Post-Medieval
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9120:Protohistoric
9118:
9116:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9108:Chronological
9106:
9103:
9101:
9097:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9055:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9034:
9031:
9029:
9026:
9025:
9023:
9019:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8957:Richard Hoare
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8943:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8920:
8915:
8913:
8908:
8906:
8901:
8900:
8897:
8891:
8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8875:
8872:
8871:
8868:at Wikisource
8867:
8862:
8858:
8857:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8818:
8814:
8810:
8807:
8804:
8803:Bruce Trigger
8801:
8798:
8794:
8791:
8787:
8784:
8781:
8777:
8774:
8770:
8769:Colin Renfrew
8767:
8765:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8750:
8746:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8736:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8716:
8712:
8708:
8704:
8703:Archaeologies
8699:
8696:
8693:
8690:
8686:
8682:
8679:
8675:
8672:
8669:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8659:0-202-33022-2
8656:
8652:
8648:
8647:Lewis Binford
8645:
8643:
8640:
8628:
8624:
8622:0-203-97363-1
8618:
8614:
8613:
8607:
8595:
8591:
8585:
8581:
8580:
8574:
8562:
8558:
8552:
8548:
8547:
8541:
8529:
8525:
8521:
8516:
8515:
8512:
8508:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8479:
8475:
8474:
8468:
8464:
8460:
8456:
8452:
8448:
8444:
8439:
8435:
8430:
8426:
8421:
8417:
8411:
8403:
8398:
8394:
8390:
8386:
8382:
8378:
8374:
8369:
8365:
8360:
8356:
8351:
8347:
8343:
8339:
8333:
8329:
8324:
8320:
8316:
8312:
8306:
8302:
8297:
8293:
8287:
8283:
8278:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8262:
8258:
8254:
8249:
8245:
8241:
8238:(1): 77–106.
8237:
8233:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8215:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8197:
8193:
8188:
8184:
8179:
8175:
8170:
8166:
8162:
8158:
8154:
8150:
8146:
8142:
8138:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8113:
8109:
8105:
8101:
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8074:
8073:
8067:
8063:
8057:
8049:
8045:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8013:
8009:
8005:
8000:
7996:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7979:
7973:
7969:
7964:
7960:
7955:
7951:
7946:
7942:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7918:
7914:
7909:
7905:
7900:
7896:
7891:
7887:
7882:
7878:
7873:
7869:
7864:
7860:
7854:
7850:
7845:
7833:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7808:
7804:
7800:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7780:
7776:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7750:
7746:
7742:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7722:
7718:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7693:
7689:
7685:
7681:
7676:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7660:
7656:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7639:
7635:
7630:
7626:
7622:
7618:
7614:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7598:(2): 119–22.
7597:
7593:
7588:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7564:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7549:"Archaeology"
7545:
7541:
7537:
7533:
7527:
7523:
7522:
7516:
7512:
7508:
7503:
7499:
7495:
7491:
7487:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7466:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7430:
7426:
7422:
7418:
7414:
7410:
7406:
7402:
7398:
7393:
7389:
7384:
7383:
7370:
7366:
7359:
7343:
7339:
7335:
7329:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7298:
7296:
7287:
7279:
7275:
7274:
7268:
7267:"archaeology"
7261:
7252:
7247:
7243:
7239:
7232:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7193:
7185:
7179:
7170:
7165:
7161:
7157:
7150:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7121:
7105:
7101:
7095:
7079:
7075:
7069:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7037:
7030:
7024:
7008:
7004:
7003:
6998:
6991:
6975:
6971:
6965:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6939:
6932:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6901:
6899:
6882:
6878:
6874:
6867:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6837:
6821:
6817:
6816:
6811:
6804:
6788:
6784:
6780:
6774:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6743:
6736:
6730:
6722:
6716:
6712:
6705:
6697:
6695:9780253354648
6691:
6687:
6680:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6649:
6633:
6629:
6625:
6619:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6588:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6557:(1): 131–59.
6556:
6552:
6545:
6536:
6528:
6524:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6508:
6505:(3): 317–20.
6504:
6500:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6477:
6468:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6448:
6439:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6419:
6411:
6407:
6400:
6391:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6355:
6351:
6347:
6341:
6332:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6303:
6298:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6281:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6250:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6220:
6204:
6200:
6194:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6144:
6128:
6124:
6123:
6118:
6112:
6096:
6092:
6088:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6061:
6052:
6047:
6043:
6039:
6038:SPAFA Journal
6035:
6028:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5994:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5975:
5959:
5955:
5951:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5910:
5908:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5867:
5858:
5849:
5842:
5839:Eric Gibson:
5836:
5827:
5818:
5809:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5767:
5763:
5757:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5689:
5685:
5679:
5663:
5659:
5653:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5623:
5615:
5611:
5605:
5597:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5535:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5493:(4): 766–84.
5492:
5488:
5487:
5482:
5475:
5466:
5457:
5448:
5442:Ascher (1961)
5439:
5433:Kuznar (2001)
5430:
5421:
5412:
5403:
5397:Yellen (1991)
5394:
5385:
5379:Yellen (1977)
5376:
5370:Yellen (1972)
5367:
5361:Gould (1971b)
5358:
5352:Gould (1971a)
5349:
5340:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5316:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5286:
5270:
5266:
5265:
5264:New Scientist
5260:
5253:
5237:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5149:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5104:
5096:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5045:
5029:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5004:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4969:
4953:
4949:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4924:
4915:
4909:Willey (1968)
4906:
4900:Willey (1953)
4897:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4866:
4857:
4855:
4847:
4842:
4836:Hodder (1992)
4833:
4827:Hodder (1991)
4824:
4818:Hodder (1990)
4815:
4809:Hodder (1987)
4806:
4800:Hodder (1985)
4797:
4791:Hodder (1982)
4788:
4779:
4770:
4764:Tilley (1993)
4761:
4755:Shanks (1993)
4752:
4746:Shanks (1991)
4743:
4734:
4725:
4716:
4707:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4650:
4634:
4630:
4628:
4619:
4610:
4602:
4596:
4592:
4585:
4577:
4570:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4539:
4523:
4519:
4513:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4464:
4462:0-947535-00-4
4458:
4454:
4450:
4443:
4435:
4429:
4425:
4418:
4410:
4406:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4353:
4351:0-449-90698-1
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4316:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4281:
4274:
4271:David Irwin,
4268:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4249:
4240:
4233:. Hutchinson.
4232:
4228:
4222:
4214:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4157:
4149:
4147:
4130:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4107:
4091:
4087:
4081:
4077:
4076:
4068:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4013:"John Leland"
4008:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3971:
3968:E.W. Bodnar,
3965:
3958:
3957:Later travels
3952:
3944:
3942:0-87023-495-1
3938:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3917:0-8248-2820-8
3913:
3909:
3902:
3900:
3891:
3889:0-521-84076-7
3885:
3881:
3874:
3872:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3820:
3818:0-521-66991-X
3814:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3739:"archaeology"
3734:
3718:
3714:
3707:
3705:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3655:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3505:
3497:
3490:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3449:
3445:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3337:
3329:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3275:
3266:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3246:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:Ancient Greek
3168:
3164:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3056:Human ecology
3054:
3051:
3050:Harris matrix
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2819:United States
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2773:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2739:
2738:Ottawa Valley
2735:
2731:
2727:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2694:First Nations
2688:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2643:Kennewick Man
2634:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:
2541:
2531:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2501:building site
2498:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2193:
2190:
2182:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2152:This section
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2073:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2037:New York City
2034:
2029:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:archaeobotany
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1954:As with most
1951:
1941:
1939:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:topographical
1887:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1830:typologically
1826:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1567:Magnetometers
1564:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1551:wavelengths,
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1505:Aerial survey
1498:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1436:Gordon Willey
1433:
1427:
1425:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1361:
1358:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1291:agency theory
1288:
1287:postmodernism
1284:
1283:phenomenology
1281:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1250:Daniel Miller
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1219:Kent Flannery
1216:
1215:Lewis Binford
1212:
1208:
1207:Mesoamericans
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1185:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1140:sampling bias
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
984:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:Frank Calvert
954:
950:
946:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
920:
916:
915:Howard Carter
912:
911:Great Pyramid
908:
904:
900:
896:
889:
885:
880:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
859:
849:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:prehistorical
827:
826:Charles Lyell
823:
819:
818:William Smith
815:
811:
807:
802:
800:
796:
792:
789:, on several
788:
787:trench method
784:
781:
777:
774:
770:
766:
762:
754:
750:
746:
741:
732:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
643:
636:
631:
622:
613:
612:Rajatarangini
609:
604:
603:
599:
595:
591:
586:
581:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
563:Flavio Biondo
560:
558:
554:
553:hieroglyphics
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
398:
388:
379:
371:
367:
363:
356:
351:
346:
340:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
305:
294:
290:
286:
269:
258:
254:
242:
234:
228:
217: 550 BC
201:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
129:
125:
124:palaeontology
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:or ecofacts,
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
11969:Anthropology
11918:
11894:
11882:
11852:
11659:Food studies
11599:Area studies
11352:mathematical
11347:econometrics
11309:
11305:Anthropology
11223:
11187:Philistinism
11182:Antihumanism
11136:
11108:
11094:Nova Religio
11061:
10979:
10959:Hermeneutics
10914:
10907:
10735:
10731:Anthropology
10653:
10625:
10616:
10607:
10498:Folk process
10453:Ethnopoetics
10411:preservation
10271:Neon objects
10144:by item type
10135:Conservation
10088:by item type
10079:Conservation
10029:Overpainting
9989:Display case
9818:Repatriation
9572:
9334:Archaeometry
9308:Experimental
9242:Near Eastern
9201:Near Eastern
9196:Mesopotamian
9150:Contemporary
8967:Arthur Evans
8925:
8874:Fasti Online
8835:
8812:
8809:Alison Wylie
8796:
8789:
8772:
8755:
8748:
8734:
8730:
8709:(1): 27–69.
8706:
8702:
8688:
8677:
8674:Kevin Greene
8667:
8650:
8631:. Retrieved
8611:
8598:. Retrieved
8578:
8565:. Retrieved
8545:
8532:. Retrieved
8523:
8472:
8446:
8442:
8433:
8424:
8401:
8376:
8372:
8363:
8354:
8327:
8300:
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8256:
8252:
8235:
8231:
8222:
8218:
8191:
8182:
8173:
8140:
8136:
8103:
8099:
8071:
8056:cite journal
8042:(1): 73–98.
8039:
8035:
8010:(1): 25–54.
8007:
8003:
7994:
7967:
7958:
7949:
7916:
7912:
7903:
7894:
7885:
7876:
7867:
7848:
7836:. Retrieved
7819:
7815:
7778:
7774:
7757:
7753:
7720:
7716:
7683:
7679:
7649:(1): 29–35.
7646:
7642:
7633:
7616:
7612:
7595:
7591:
7579:. Retrieved
7552:
7520:
7510:
7506:
7473:
7469:
7460:
7441:
7437:
7400:
7396:
7387:
7379:Bibliography
7369:the original
7358:
7346:. Retrieved
7337:
7328:
7316:. Retrieved
7307:
7271:
7260:
7241:
7231:
7206:
7202:
7192:
7178:
7159:
7149:
7130:
7120:
7108:. Retrieved
7094:
7082:. Retrieved
7068:
7056:. Retrieved
7045:
7036:
7023:
7011:. Retrieved
7007:the original
7000:
6990:
6978:. Retrieved
6964:
6952:. Retrieved
6941:
6931:
6919:. Retrieved
6910:
6885:. Retrieved
6876:
6866:
6854:. Retrieved
6846:Congress.gov
6845:
6836:
6824:. Retrieved
6813:
6803:
6791:. Retrieved
6782:
6773:
6761:. Retrieved
6752:
6742:
6734:
6729:
6710:
6704:
6685:
6679:
6667:. Retrieved
6658:
6648:
6636:. Retrieved
6627:
6618:
6606:. Retrieved
6602:the original
6597:
6587:
6554:
6550:
6544:
6539:Hodge (1937)
6535:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6481:
6476:
6457:
6447:
6428:
6418:
6409:
6405:
6399:
6380:
6370:
6358:. Retrieved
6349:
6340:
6321:
6311:
6292:
6267:. Retrieved
6263:the original
6258:
6249:
6237:. Retrieved
6228:
6219:
6207:. Retrieved
6193:
6181:. Retrieved
6171:
6165:
6157:the original
6152:
6143:
6131:. Retrieved
6120:
6111:
6099:. Retrieved
6074:
6070:
6060:
6041:
6037:
6027:
6015:. Retrieved
6010:
6001:
5984:
5980:
5974:
5962:. Retrieved
5958:the original
5944:
5919:
5915:
5894:. Retrieved
5885:
5876:
5866:
5857:
5848:
5840:
5835:
5826:
5817:
5808:
5796:. Retrieved
5792:the original
5782:
5770:. Retrieved
5756:
5744:. Retrieved
5730:
5718:. Retrieved
5704:
5692:. Retrieved
5678:
5666:. Retrieved
5662:the original
5652:
5640:. Retrieved
5631:
5622:
5614:the original
5604:
5579:
5575:
5569:
5544:
5540:
5534:
5525:
5490:
5484:
5474:
5465:
5456:
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5438:
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5411:
5402:
5393:
5384:
5375:
5366:
5357:
5348:
5329:
5325:
5315:
5303:. Retrieved
5294:
5285:
5273:. Retrieved
5262:
5252:
5240:. Retrieved
5236:the original
5231:The Guardian
5229:
5203:. Retrieved
5167:
5163:
5106:
5102:
5095:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5032:. Retrieved
5021:
5011:
4978:
4974:
4968:
4956:. Retrieved
4942:
4929:
4923:
4914:
4905:
4896:
4884:. Retrieved
4865:
4841:
4832:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4742:
4733:
4724:
4715:
4706:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4637:. Retrieved
4633:the original
4626:
4618:
4609:
4590:
4584:
4575:
4569:
4557:. Retrieved
4548:
4538:
4526:. Retrieved
4512:
4500:. Retrieved
4481:
4471:
4448:
4442:
4423:
4417:
4408:
4404:
4398:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4355:
4337:
4327:
4315:
4287:
4280:
4272:
4267:
4248:
4239:
4230:
4221:
4197:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4155:
4133:. Retrieved
4113:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4074:
4067:
4055:. Retrieved
4046:
4037:
4025:. Retrieved
4016:
4007:
3995:. Retrieved
3986:
3977:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3932:
3926:
3907:
3879:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3804:
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3775:
3765:
3753:. Retrieved
3742:
3733:
3721:. Retrieved
3691:. Retrieved
3684:the original
3670:
3658:. Retrieved
3638:
3614:. Retrieved
3594:
3553:
3549:
3539:
3527:. Retrieved
3523:the original
3519:Open Science
3518:
3512:
3504:
3495:
3489:
3477:. Retrieved
3473:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3432:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3406:Live Science
3405:
3396:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3313:
3303:
3284:
3274:
3255:
3245:
3213:
3206:
3198:
3194:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3167:
3120:
3119:
3014:Dump digging
2919:Anthropology
2902:
2894:
2864:David Adjaye
2855:
2836:
2800:
2785:
2770:
2766:beaver pelts
2740:, including
2723:
2698:repatriation
2691:
2683:
2678:Repatriation
2672:
2668:
2652:
2640:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2608:
2589:
2557:
2551:
2543:
2528:
2521:
2513:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2466:the original
2460:
2454:QAR DiveLive
2453:
2439:
2430:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2391:
2387:
2348:
2328:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2274:
2239:
2223:
2200:
2185:
2176:
2153:
2120:technology.
2109:Archaeometry
2107:
2098:Archaeometry
2085:
2063:
2030:
2027:
2000:civilization
1953:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1894:astronomical
1876:
1858:
1827:
1820:
1804:
1756:
1721:
1704:relationship
1689:
1685:stratigraphy
1681:
1609:
1592:
1561:
1557:thermography
1511:attached to
1503:
1479:
1471:
1448:
1428:
1420:
1399:Field survey
1391:
1381:
1367:
1353:
1327:posthumanism
1315:queer theory
1307:gender-based
1270:
1235:
1187:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1148:Homo sapiens
1147:
1144:
1103:
1082:Homo sapiens
1080:
1046:
1035:
1032:South Africa
1000:
985:
969:Arthur Evans
942:
893:
872:
867:by type or "
855:
822:James Hutton
806:stratigraphy
803:
758:
706:
695:
672:
657:in England.
648:
611:
605:
601:
593:
582:
571:
561:
556:
535:
531:
506:
483:
475:Qing dynasty
464:periods. In
438:Song dynasty
431:
406:
396:
387:archaiologia
386:
375:
333:Antiquarians
282:
164:
149:
144:
109:
93:anthropology
65:architecture
59:consists of
44:
40:
39:
25:
11964:Archaeology
11920:Wikiversity
11811:Social work
11699:Linguistics
11624:Criminology
11541:criminology
11524:personality
11482:comparative
11460:Linguistics
11453:private law
11310:archaeology
11036:Work of art
11004:Metaphysics
10965:Historicism
10810:Visual arts
10736:Archaeology
10724:Disciplines
10654:H.L. Hunley
10433:Early music
10381:Vinyl discs
10376:Totem poles
10311:Photographs
10256:Lighthouses
10246:Lacquerware
10201:Fur objects
10139:of movable
10069:VisualAudio
10014:Leafcasting
9959:Anastylosis
9906:Mount maker
9866:Art handler
9723:Finding aid
9573:Archaeology
9414:Transgender
9339:Battlefield
9115:Prehistoric
9075:Burnt layer
9012:George Bass
8926:Archaeology
8866:Archaeology
8836:Archaeology
8790:Archaeology
8744:, e-journal
8664:Glyn Daniel
7348:18 February
7318:18 February
7110:15 December
7084:15 December
7058:15 December
7013:15 December
6954:15 December
6921:15 December
6887:15 December
6856:15 December
6826:15 December
6793:15 December
6763:15 December
6638:4 September
5332:(12): 678.
5295:www.saa.org
5034:19 December
4559:23 November
4528:19 November
4376:: 441–453.
3755:26 December
3479:22 December
3195:archaeology
2402:excavations
2367:Beit She'an
1938:Aphrodisias
1910:Data mining
1815:Philippines
1811:Callao Cave
1700:association
1676:Wake Island
1674:remains on
1577:artifacts,
1541:ultraviolet
1487:shovel test
1442:of coastal
1440:Viru Valley
1415:Mesopotamia
1323:materiality
1262:reflexivity
1130:aristocrats
1126:bureaucracy
1114:Mesopotamia
1099:agriculture
1087:stone tools
1065:Paleolithic
1063:during the
1028:Taung child
919:Tutankhamun
858:ethnologist
745:Bush Barrow
729:art history
717:Herculaneum
683:Herculaneum
659:John Aubrey
619: 1150
574:John Leland
557:Commentaria
516:antiquarian
498:Middle Ages
436:during the
382:ἀρχαιολογία
368:(fresco by
339:Antiquarian
266:), by king
145:archaeology
133:Paleolithic
116:stone tools
41:Archaeology
11958:Categories
11865:Humanities
11799:historical
11732:psychology
11704:Management
11546:demography
11504:Psychology
11487:philosophy
11448:public law
11379:integrated
10997:Quadrivium
10922:Creativity
10888:Aesthetics
10815:Filmmaking
10800:Philosophy
10756:Literature
10717:Humanities
10493:Folk music
10473:Folk dance
10406:Intangible
10004:Inpainting
9871:Auctioneer
9861:Art dealer
9813:Provenance
9618:Collecting
9551:and issues
9437:by country
9369:Industrial
9364:Indigenous
9313:Underwater
9259:Calceology
9181:Australian
9159:Geographic
9145:Historical
9080:Excavation
8737:(magazine)
8695:Ian Hodder
8526:. London.
8225:: 164–174.
7338:Grammarist
7288:required.)
6980:13 January
6017:18 October
5964:11 January
4958:2 December
4057:27 October
4027:27 October
3997:27 October
3226:References
3207:archæology
3199:archeology
3180:(archaios)
2794:, and the
2758:birch bark
2702:Algonquian
2431:Mardi Gras
2310:Protection
2179:March 2014
2163:improve it
2004:Egyptology
1906:simulation
1854:deciphered
1846:palynology
1744:overburden
1692:provenance
1622:Excavation
1573:caused by
1523:, or even
1254:Ian Hodder
1238:postmodern
1223:hypothesis
1091:metallurgy
1049:human race
931:pioneered
907:Egyptology
890:, in 1906.
834:Bronze Age
810:geological
773:Bronze Age
665:and other
663:megalithic
653:and other
651:Stonehenge
635:Stonehenge
590:Jacob Spon
442:Ouyang Xiu
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10503:Folk play
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