47:, who developed the discipline of anthropology in the United States. A 2013 re-assessment of the evidence has indicated that the idea of four-field anthropology has a more complex 19th-century history in Europe and North America. It is most likely that the approach was being used simultaneously in different parts of the world, but was not widely discussed until it was being taught at the collegiate level in the United States, Germany, England, and France by 1902. For Boas, the four-field approach was motivated by his
238:
71:
The four-field approach is dependent on collaboration. However, collaboration in any field can get costly. To counter this, the four-field approach is often taught to students as they go through college courses. By teaching all four disciplines, the anthropological field is able to produce scholars
67:
came to be regarded largely as separate disciplines. Today, physical anthropologists often collaborate more closely with biology and medicine than with cultural anthropology. However, it is widely accepted that a complete four-field analysis is needed in order to accurately and fully explain an
59:, grammar and language use. For most of the 20th century, U.S. anthropology departments housed anthropologists specializing in all of the four branches, but with the increasing professionalization and specialization, elements such as
72:
that are knowledgeable of all subfields. However, it is common and often recommended for an anthropologist to have a specialization. The four-field approach also encourages scholars to look holistically at an artifact,
76:, data, etc. in almost an omnipotent way, meaning that having knowledge from all perspectives helps to eliminate bias and/or incorrect assumptions of past and present cultures.
43:(known jocularly to students as "stones", "tones", "bones", and "thrones"). The approach is conventionally understood as having been developed by
279:
51:
approach to the study of human behavior, which included integrated analytical attention to culture history, material culture,
272:
303:
265:
298:
253:
169:
73:
40:
36:
8:
146:
196:
136:
173:
125:"Four Field Anthropology: Charter Myths and Time Warps from St. Louis to Oxford"
249:
200:
150:
292:
245:
24:
187:
Borofsky, R. (2002). "The Four
Subfields: Anthropologists as Mythmakers".
217:
Kelso, Jack (2003). "Teaching
Anthropology and The Four-Field Approach".
64:
60:
32:
28:
166:
An
Analysis of the Four-Field Approach in Anthropology and its Longevity
44:
141:
124:
56:
52:
237:
48:
27:
sees the discipline as composed of the four sub fields of
55:
and population history, customs and social organization,
93:Anderson, E. N. (2003). "Four-Field Anthropology".
110:Humans: An Introduction to Four-Field Anthropology
290:
273:
221:. Vol. 44, no. 8. pp. 24–25.
280:
266:
16:Anthropology as composed of four subfields
140:
186:
163:
92:
291:
216:
122:
107:
232:
212:
210:
13:
14:
315:
207:
236:
164:Pattison, Mary Burneice (2011).
168:(MA thesis). Prescott College.
180:
157:
116:
101:
86:
1:
79:
252:. You can help Knowledge by
123:Hicks, Dan (December 2013).
7:
10:
320:
231:
108:Kehoe, Alice Beck (1998).
97:. Vol. 44. p. 3.
244:This article relating to
201:10.1525/aa.2002.104.2.463
189:American Anthropologist
68:anthropological topic.
41:Cultural Anthropology
37:Physical Anthropology
129:Current Anthropology
112:. Psychology Press.
21:four-field approach
304:Anthropology stubs
261:
260:
219:Anthropology News
95:Anthropology News
311:
282:
275:
268:
240:
233:
223:
222:
214:
205:
204:
184:
178:
177:
161:
155:
154:
144:
120:
114:
113:
105:
99:
98:
90:
319:
318:
314:
313:
312:
310:
309:
308:
289:
288:
287:
286:
229:
227:
226:
215:
208:
185:
181:
162:
158:
121:
117:
106:
102:
91:
87:
82:
17:
12:
11:
5:
317:
307:
306:
301:
285:
284:
277:
270:
262:
259:
258:
241:
225:
224:
206:
195:(2): 463–480.
179:
156:
151:10.1086/673385
142:10.1086/673385
135:(6): 753–763.
115:
100:
84:
83:
81:
78:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
316:
305:
302:
300:
297:
296:
294:
283:
278:
276:
271:
269:
264:
263:
257:
255:
251:
247:
242:
239:
235:
234:
230:
220:
213:
211:
202:
198:
194:
190:
183:
175:
171:
167:
160:
152:
148:
143:
138:
134:
130:
126:
119:
111:
104:
96:
89:
85:
77:
75:
69:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
299:Anthropology
254:expanding it
246:anthropology
243:
228:
218:
192:
188:
182:
165:
159:
132:
128:
118:
109:
103:
94:
88:
70:
25:anthropology
20:
18:
65:archaeology
61:linguistics
33:Linguistics
29:Archaeology
293:Categories
80:References
45:Franz Boas
174:928949115
170:ProQuest
57:folklore
49:holistic
74:ecofact
53:anatomy
172:
149:
39:, and
248:is a
147:JSTOR
250:stub
63:and
19:The
197:doi
193:104
137:doi
23:in
295::
209:^
191:.
145:.
133:54
131:.
127:.
35:,
31:,
281:e
274:t
267:v
256:.
203:.
199::
176:.
153:.
139::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
