810:
and the ability to accurately extrapolate findings to humans. Researchers have also noted that many studies involving mice, rats and other rodents are poorly designed, leading to questionable findings. One explanation for deficiencies in studies of rodents housed in laboratory cages is that they lack access to environmental agency and thus the ongoing freedom to make decisions and experience their consequences. By housing rodents under extreme impoverished conditions, these captive animals bear diminished resemblance to humans or their wild conspecifics.
678:
5012:
630:, representing three days of work. Thirty to fifty live mice are normally born from this number of injected blastocysts. Normally, the skin color of the mice from which the host blastocysts are derived is different from that of the strain used to produce the embryonic stem cells. Typically two to six mice will have skin and hair with greater than seventy percent ES cell contribution, indicating a good chance for embryonic stem cell contribution to the
567:
a few secondary schools, and research institutes. Of these 2,000, approximately 960 are regulated by USDA; 349 by NIH; and 560 accredited by AALAC. Approximately 50 percent of the organizations contacted revealed a specific or approximated number of animals in their laboratories. The total number of animals for those organizations is: 250,000–1,000,000 rats; 400,000–2,000,000 mice; and 130,000–900,000 birds.
5156:
37:
1897:
714:
sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and other illnesses has been called into question by a number of researchers. Regarding experiments on mice in particular, some researchers have complained that "years and billions of dollars have been wasted following false leads" as a result of a preoccupation with the use of these animals in studies.
655:) are used to model the human medical conditions including various cancers, metabolic diseases, non-cancer respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and general health concerns. In 2006–07, Syrian hamsters accounted for 19% of the total animal research participants in the United States.
557:
In the UK in 2015, there were 3.33 million procedures on rodents (80% of total procedures that year). The most common species used were mice (3.03 million procedures, or 73% of total) and rats (268,522, or 6.5%). Other rodents species included guinea pigs (21,831 / 0.7%), hamsters (1,500 / 0.04%) and
809:
For example, researchers have found that many rats and mice in laboratories are obese from excess food and minimal exercise which alters their physiology and drug metabolism. Many laboratory animals, including mice and rats, are chronically stressed which can also negatively affect research outcomes
566:
Over 2,000 research organizations are listed in the database, of which approximately 500 were researched and of these, 100 were contacted directly by FRD staff. These organizations include hospitals, government organizations, private companies (pharmaceutical companies, etc.), universities/colleges,
813:
Some studies suggests that inadequate published data in animal testing may result in irreproducible research, with missing details about how experiments are done are omitted from published papers or differences in testing that may introduce bias. Examples of hidden bias include a 2014 study from
561:
In the U.S., the numbers of rats and mice used are not reported, but estimates range from around 11 million to approximately 100 million. In 2000, the
Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, published the results of an analysis of its Rats/Mice/and Birds Database: Researchers, Breeders,
713:
While mice, rats and other rodents are by far the most widely used animals in biomedical research, recent studies have highlighted their limitations. For example, the utility of the use of rodents in testing for sepsis, burns, inflammation, stroke, ALS, Alzheimer's, diabetes, cancer, multiple
805:
notes, "The difficulties associated with using animal models for human disease result from the metabolic, anatomic, and cellular differences between humans and other creatures, but the problems go even deeper than that" including issues with the design and execution of the tests themselves.
669:
Rodents such as rats are the most common model in researching effects of cardiovascular disease, as the effects on rodents mimic those in humans. Rats have also been used as tools in research to try to find if there is a difference in the effects of cocaine on adults versus adolescents.
5549:
610:
Transgenic animal production consists of injecting each construct into 300–350 eggs, typically representing three days' work. Twenty to fifty mice will normally be born from this number of injected eggs. These animals are screened for the presence of the
587:
Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, popular because of their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast reproduction rate. Mice are quick to reach sexual maturity, as well as quick to
2130:
Valentine, Helen; Daugherity, Erin K.; Singh, Bhupinder; Maurer, Kirk J. (2012). "The
Experimental Use of Syrian Hamsters". In Suckow, Mark A.; Stevens, Karla A.; Wilson, Ronald P. (eds.).
788:. "Dirty" mice are possibly better suitable for mimicking human pathologies. In addition, inbred mouse strains are used in the overwhelming majority of studies, while the
337:
994:
2892:
221:
900:
1590:
Roep, Bart; Atkinson, Mark; von
Herrath, Matthias (November 2004). "Satisfaction (not) guaranteed: re-evaluating the use of animal models in type 1 diabetes".
4411:
5375:
302:
5380:
297:
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270:
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1239:
861:
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776:, which directly affects the immune system and the development of pathological conditions. Moreover, persistent virus infections (for example,
5435:
357:
2276:
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5410:
5120:
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77:
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and others. Mice are the most commonly used vertebrate species, due to their availability, size, low cost, ease of handling, and fast
5400:
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5130:
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2700:
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881:
505:
173:
87:
1987:
Murgatroyd, C; et al. (8 November 2009). "Dynamic DNA methylation programs persistent adverse effects of early-life stress".
822:, which suggests that mice handled by men rather than women showed higher stress levels. Another study in 2016 suggested that gut
2291:
2193:
2155:
2368:
4579:
4167:
4092:
2504:
2281:
2236:
2029:
Lahvis, Garet (June 29, 2017). "Unbridle biomedical research from the laboratory cage". eLife: 1–10. doi:10.7554/eLife.27438.
5430:
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4022:
3501:
2256:
2246:
1733:"Clinical predictive value of the in vitro cell line, human xenograft, and mouse allograft preclinical cancer models"
934:
643:
342:
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4222:
4052:
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1527:
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120:
689:
5450:
5370:
5075:
5038:
4515:
2882:
2592:
2261:
377:
312:
57:
592:, where labs can have a new generation every three weeks as well as a relatively short lifespan of two years.
5475:
5274:
4152:
4037:
2862:
2394:
2332:
387:
206:
1182:"Differential effects of self-administered cocaine in adolescent and adult rats on stimulus–reward learning"
1053:
5135:
4254:
4212:
4032:
3431:
2362:
2307:
876:
498:
92:
5236:
4710:
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4127:
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2241:
2186:
2040:
1032:
855:
183:
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5405:
5365:
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5140:
5115:
5105:
4952:
4824:
4619:
4555:
4491:
4142:
4102:
4072:
3205:
3200:
2602:
995:"The world's favourite lab animal has been found wanting, but there are new twists in the mouse's tale"
607:
technology, genetically modified mice can be generated to order and can cost hundreds of dollars each.
322:
251:
72:
62:
5241:
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3346:
3265:
3125:
2705:
1454:
Benatar, M (April 2007). "Lost in translation: Treatment trials in the SOD1 mouse and in human ALS".
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491:
478:
468:
362:
307:
125:
1960:
Balcomb, J; Barnard, N; Sandusky, C (November 2004). "Laboratory routines cause animal stress".
1033:"Transgenic Mouse & Rat Models - Positive Negative Selection & Isogenic DNA Gene Target"
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216:
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2342:
2322:
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1329:
1121:
Jia, Tian; Wang, Chen; Han, Zhengxi; Wang, Xiaozhi; Ding, Ming; Wang, Quanyi (2020-12-07).
745:
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8:
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4192:
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2012:
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1615:
1479:
1403:
1376:
1352:
1317:
1217:
1157:
1122:
1018:
619:
genotyping assay. The number of transgenic animals typically varies from two to eight.
246:
97:
4898:
1871:
1635:"Of Rodents and Men: Species-Specific Glucose Regulation and Type 2 Diabetes Research"
717:
Mice differ from humans in several immune properties: mice are more resistant to some
5264:
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2004:
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2016:
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260:
227:
201:
158:
3270:
3115:
912:
901:"Annual Statistics of Scientific Procedures on Living Animals, Great Britain, 2015
5513:
5493:
4726:
3834:
3788:
3783:
3638:
3603:
3588:
3526:
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3280:
3190:
3100:
3040:
3015:
2670:
2544:
1393:
420:
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1075:
768:(SPF) conditions usually have a rather immature immune system with a deficit of
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is heterogeneous, pointing to the importance of studies in interstrain hybrid,
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530:
522:
440:
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372:
211:
168:
52:
28:
20:
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3220:
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3110:
3075:
3055:
3020:
2923:
2756:
2499:
2459:
2357:
2327:
2202:
1551:"Animal models of Alzheimer disease: historical pitfalls and a path forward1"
1205:
1148:
1139:
927:
What
Animals Want: Expertise and Advocacy in Laboratory Animal Welfare Policy
777:
749:
425:
410:
279:
163:
3718:
1342:
1318:"Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases"
1181:
968:
951:
5518:
5503:
4122:
3964:
3954:
3803:
3778:
3688:
3683:
3668:
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3311:
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3085:
3010:
2867:
2822:
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2743:
2728:
2690:
2509:
2489:
2409:
2008:
1973:
1946:
1856:
1807:
1751:
1709:
1660:
1651:
1634:
1611:
1576:
1567:
1550:
1475:
1361:
1297:
1213:
1166:
977:
840:
785:
445:
430:
1847:
1830:
1412:
4686:
4132:
3959:
3949:
3934:
3874:
3708:
3613:
3583:
3558:
3496:
3486:
3275:
3160:
3145:
3130:
3095:
3090:
3060:
3030:
3025:
2837:
2771:
2642:
2617:
2514:
2419:
2414:
102:
748:; and lack genes for important components of the immune system, such as
677:
5395:
4798:
4316:
4027:
3919:
3864:
3844:
3698:
3693:
3678:
3648:
3623:
3563:
3441:
3356:
3316:
3150:
3120:
2454:
2444:
2337:
2134:(1st. ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 875–898.
1093:
823:
773:
741:
730:
722:
627:
534:
317:
1265:
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733:
612:
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405:
275:
2000:
1937:
1920:
1798:
1773:
1700:
1675:
1603:
5445:
3531:
2449:
2399:
1676:"Drug development: Raise standards for preclinical cancer research"
1258:
871:
819:
631:
367:
1240:"Mice Fall Short as Test Subjects for Some of Humans' Deadly Ills"
5030:
2761:
2715:
2374:
2162:: Huntington's Disease Outreach Project for Education at Stanford
1426:
1424:
1422:
1061:
850:
793:
538:
256:
2171:
2102:"Mouse microbes may make scientific studies harder to replicate"
1731:
Voskoglou-Nomikos, T; Pater, J; Seymour, L (15 September 2003).
5317:
2312:
2214:
1549:
Cavanaugh, Sarah; Pippin, John; Bernard, Neal (10 April 2013).
845:
781:
718:
542:
518:
2129:
1633:
1632:
1419:
1081:
5155:
4385:
2976:
2159:
2132:
The laboratory rabbit, guinea pig, hamster, and other rodents
1730:
1377:"Can Animal Models of Disease Reliably Inform Human Studies?"
761:
757:
753:
726:
36:
4157:
600:
1097:
Animal Care Annual Report of
Activities - Fiscal Year 2007
1094:
United States
Department of Agriculture (September 2008),
784:
complications and may change the resistance to bacterial
2893:
University of
California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
1180:
Kerstetter, Kerry A.; Kantak, Kathleen M. (2007-10-01).
1589:
1123:"Experimental Rodent Models of Cardiovascular Diseases"
1959:
1548:
4412:
Moral
Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes
826:
in mice may have an impact upon scientific research.
780:) are activated in humans, but not in SPF mice, with
595:
They are widely considered to be the prime model of
1054:"WUSM :: Mouse Genetics Core :: Services"
1502:"Misleading mouse studies waste medical resources"
952:"The genetic basis of emotional behaviour in mice"
5338:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
1673:
1374:
1021:, Sanger Institute Press Release, 5 December 2002
5587:
2272:List of international animal welfare conventions
1962:Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science
1179:
949:
862:Mouse models of colorectal and intestinal cancer
622:Chimeric mouse production consists of injecting
4564:An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory
2077:"Male Scent May Compromise Biomedical Research"
1528:"Preclinical research: Make mouse studies work"
1322:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
989:
987:
772:. These mice may have limited diversity of the
3995:
1831:"Debate Grows Over New Mouse Models of Cancer"
1233:
1231:
1120:
5436:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
5046:
2187:
1891:
1889:
1521:
1519:
1495:
1493:
499:
358:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
2277:Moral status of animals in the ancient world
1499:
984:
4239:Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
4183:People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
2215:Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
1674:Glenn Begley, C; Ellis, L (29 March 2012).
1430:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1228:
5053:
5039:
2194:
2180:
2038:
1986:
1898:"There's more to life than rats and flies"
1886:
1516:
1490:
626:provided by the investigator into 150–175
506:
492:
5401:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
4386:Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
4323:Human Environment Animal Protection Party
2052:
1936:
1846:
1797:
1699:
1650:
1566:
1402:
1392:
1351:
1341:
1287:
1272:"Mouse Models of Sepsis and Septic Shock"
1156:
1138:
1103:, United States Department of Agriculture
1087:
967:
5556:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
5247:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
5131:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
4444:Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology
2701:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
1835:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1304:
882:Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
858:, five mice who orbited the Moon in 1972
88:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
2292:Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
1918:
1453:
1269:
1030:
924:
5588:
5550:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
2369:Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
1895:
1869:
1828:
1771:
1525:
1375:Bart van der Worp, H (30 March 2010).
1237:
1024:
5034:
4580:Political Animals and Animal Politics
4384:
4168:Massachusetts Animal Rights Coalition
4093:Centre for Animals and Social Justice
3994:
2975:
2505:Concentrated animal feeding operation
2282:Timeline of animal welfare and rights
2237:Animal rights by country or territory
2213:
2175:
2041:"Male researchers stress out rodents"
1500:Check Hayden, Erika (26 March 2014).
1048:
1046:
1012:
5431:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
5091:Animal testing on non-human primates
4311:Animalist Party with the Environment
2598:Animal testing on non-human primates
1316:Seok; et al. (7 January 2013).
1315:
1127:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
672:
348:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
5222:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
4735:Peaceable Kingdom: The Journey Home
2945:World Day for the End of Speciesism
1896:Bolker, Jessica (1 November 2012).
1870:Begley, Sharon (5 September 2008).
1431:Gawrylewski, Andrea (1 July 2007).
13:
5421:Foundation for Biomedical Research
5060:
4860:Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
4203:United Activists for Animal Rights
4113:Doctors Against Animal Experiments
2252:Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
1270:Korneev, K. V. (18 October 2019).
1058:Washington University in St. Louis
1043:
637:
333:Foundation for Biomedical Research
14:
5607:
5426:National Anti-Vivisection Society
4404:On Abstinence from Eating Animals
4364:Animal Rights National Conference
4287:Animal Protection Party of Canada
4244:Canadian Anti-Vivisection Society
4098:Chinese Animal Protection Network
4023:American Anti-Vivisection Society
3502:Johann Friedrich Ludwig Volckmann
2257:Animal rights in Indian religions
2247:Animal rights and punk subculture
2201:
2168:from Animal Research Organization
2149:
1238:Kolata, Gina (11 February 2013).
764:, etc. Laboratory mice reared in
644:Animal testing on Syrian hamsters
343:National Anti-Vivisection Society
5154:
5011:
5010:
4572:Animal Rights Without Liberation
4223:Voice for Animals Humane Society
2955:World Day for the End of Fishing
2950:World Day for Laboratory Animals
2380:Equal consideration of interests
1921:"Fat rats skew research results"
1919:Cressey, Daniel (2 March 2010).
1433:"The Trouble With Animal Models"
950:Willis-Owen SA, Flint J (2006).
736:capacity, lower activity of the
721:than humans; have a lower total
676:
603:with humans. With the advent of
35:
5081:Animal testing on invertebrates
4293:Animal Justice Party of Finland
4178:Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
3392:Karl Christian Friedrich Krause
2980:(academics, writers, activists)
2873:Monkey selfie copyright dispute
2094:
2069:
2032:
2023:
1980:
1953:
1912:
1863:
1822:
1765:
1724:
1667:
1626:
1583:
1542:
1526:Perrin, Steve (26 March 2014).
1447:
1368:
1173:
1114:
571:
562:Transporters, and Exhibitors.
174:Animals (Scientific Procedures)
5371:Americans for Medical Progress
5076:Alternatives to animal testing
4516:Animals, Property, and the Law
2593:Alternatives to animal testing
2262:Christianity and animal rights
2156:Information about mouse models
1872:"Rethinking the war on cancer"
1829:Garber, K (6 September 2006).
943:
918:
906:
894:
708:
313:Americans for Medical Progress
58:Alternatives to animal testing
1:
5476:Understanding Animal Research
5275:Cambridge University primates
4153:Korea Animal Rights Advocates
2863:Cambridge University primates
2395:Ethics of uncertain sentience
887:
552:
388:Understanding Animal Research
207:Cambridge University primates
5136:Testing cosmetics on animals
4213:UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
2363:Argument from marginal cases
1772:Dennis, C (17 August 2006).
1394:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000245
1060:. 2005-07-07. Archived from
877:Testing cosmetics on animals
93:Testing cosmetics on animals
7:
5466:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
5237:International primate trade
4500:Morals, Reason, and Animals
4128:Farm Animal Rights Movement
4078:Anonymous for the Voiceless
2767:International primate trade
2242:Anarchism and animal rights
929:. Oxford University Press.
856:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
829:
184:International primate trade
10:
5612:
5568:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
5545:Animal testing regulations
5406:Cruelty Free International
5366:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
5313:Charles River Laboratories
5116:History of model organisms
5106:Animal testing regulations
4620:Making a Stand for Animals
4492:The Case for Animal Rights
4143:Hunt Saboteurs Association
4103:Cruelty Free International
4073:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
2603:Animal testing regulations
2123:
1774:"Cancer: off by a whisker"
662:
641:
580:
323:Cruelty Free International
252:Charles River Laboratories
73:History of model organisms
63:Animal testing regulations
18:
5596:Animal testing on rodents
5537:
5484:
5356:
5305:
5255:
5242:Laboratory animal allergy
5204:
5163:
5152:
5126:Laboratory animal sources
5111:History of animal testing
5101:Animal testing on rodents
5096:Animal testing on rabbits
5068:
5006:
4979:
4926:
4876:
4816:
4809:
4775:The Ghosts in Our Machine
4630:
4612:Animal Ethics in the Wild
4395:
4391:
4380:
4356:
4267:
4231:
4048:Animal Legal Defense Fund
4015:
4008:
4004:
3990:
3827:
3551:
3544:
3347:William Hamilton Drummond
3289:
2998:
2989:
2985:
2971:
2932:
2911:
2850:
2800:
2742:
2714:
2706:Welfare of farmed insects
2651:
2583:
2475:
2468:
2333:Animal–industrial complex
2300:
2224:
2220:
2209:
2054:10.1038/nature.2014.15106
2039:Katsnelson, Alla (2014).
1468:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.015
1289:10.1134/S0026893319050108
1198:10.1007/s00213-007-0852-6
740:, and a different set of
649:Golden or Syrian hamsters
617:polymerase chain reaction
83:Laboratory animal sources
68:History of animal testing
5471:Research Defence Society
5333:Labcorp Drug Development
5328:Huntingdon Life Sciences
4853:Journal of Animal Ethics
4719:Your Mommy Kills Animals
4108:Direct Action Everywhere
3517:Johann Heinrich Winckler
3462:Nathaniel Peabody Rogers
2919:Direct Action Everywhere
2623:Huntingdon Life Sciences
2608:Labcorp Drug Development
2565:Feedback (pork industry)
2530:Intensive animal farming
2267:History of animal rights
1740:Clinical Cancer Research
1140:10.3389/fcvm.2020.588075
266:Huntingdon Life Sciences
222:UCR 1985 laboratory raid
5562:Animal Welfare Act 1999
5441:Primate Freedom Project
5386:Animal Free Research UK
5086:Animal testing on frogs
4988:Holocaust on your Plate
4759:An Apology to Elephants
4540:Do Animals Have Rights?
4476:Animals, Men and Morals
4452:Better-World Philosophy
4329:Italian Animalist Party
4208:United Poultry Concerns
4163:Last Chance for Animals
4058:Animal Liberation Front
3945:Maud Ingersoll Probasco
2435:Replaceability argument
2353:Animal-free agriculture
2166:Animal Model of Disease
1456:Neurobiology of Disease
1343:10.1073/pnas.1222878110
969:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201569
658:
599:and share 99% of their
597:inherited human disease
576:
558:gerbils (278 / 0.01%).
363:Primate Freedom Project
271:UK lab animal suppliers
5232:Great ape research ban
4961:Salvation of Innocents
4508:Zoos and Animal Rights
4083:Beauty Without Cruelty
4043:Animal Justice Project
3382:John Zephaniah Holwell
3036:Stephen St. C. Bostock
2613:Great ape research ban
2232:Animal rights movement
1652:10.14573/altex.1309231
1568:10.14573/altex.1310071
1031:Biosciences, Taconic.
915:- Speaking of Research
796:, and nonlinear mice.
766:specific-pathogen-free
569:
179:Great ape research ban
5290:Silver Spring monkeys
4980:Fairs and exhibitions
4867:The Animals' Defender
4839:Cahiers antispécistes
4767:Speciesism: The Movie
4588:Animal (De)liberation
4548:Striking at the Roots
4460:The Universal Kinship
4420:The Rights of Animals
4341:People Animals Nature
4335:Party for the Animals
4148:In Defense of Animals
3910:Nina Douglas-Hamilton
3302:David Renaud Boullier
2888:Silver Spring monkeys
2787:Wild animal suffering
2696:Pain in invertebrates
2535:Intensive pig farming
2425:Opposition to hunting
2390:Ethics of eating meat
1082:Valentine et al. 2012
564:
521:are commonly used in
217:Silver Spring monkeys
5574:Directive 2010/63/EU
5461:Speaking of Research
4596:Sentientist Politics
4524:The Lives of Animals
4275:Animal Justice Party
4088:Born Free Foundation
3925:Lizzy Lind af Hageby
3799:Wendy Turner-Webster
3512:Adam Gottlieb Weigen
2734:Recreational fishing
2575:Ventilation shutdown
2343:Animal protectionism
2323:Animal consciousness
746:inflammatory process
653:Mesocricetus auratus
624:embryonic stem cells
383:Speaking of Research
5552:(Council of Europe)
5227:Biomedical Research
5020:( 139 )
4846:Etica & Animali
4832:Between the Species
4556:An American Trilogy
4249:Humanitarian League
3860:Frances Power Cobbe
3477:Arthur Schopenhauer
3472:Henry Stephens Salt
3352:Edward Payson Evans
3046:Stephen R. L. Clark
2903:War of the currents
2792:Wildlife management
2686:Pain in crustaceans
2681:Pain in cephalopods
1989:Nature Neuroscience
1848:10.1093/jnci/djj381
1790:2006Natur.442..739D
1692:2012Natur.483..531B
1334:2013PNAS..110.3507S
925:Carbone, L (2004).
913:US Statistics, 2014
867:Preclinical imaging
605:genetic engineering
5280:Monkey Drug Trials
5146:Toxicology testing
4783:Unlocking the Cage
4604:Wild Animal Ethics
4428:The Ethics of Diet
4305:Animalist Movement
4281:Animal Politics EU
4193:Sentience Politics
3819:That Vegan Teacher
3437:Siobhan O'Sullivan
3422:José Ferrater Mora
3231:Steve F. Sapontzis
2724:Commercial fishing
2676:Pain in amphibians
2666:Cruelty to animals
2638:Operation Backfire
2477:Animal agriculture
2385:Emotion in animals
1244:The New York Times
1186:Psychopharmacology
1084:, p. 875-898.
1019:The Measure Of Man
956:Eur. J. Hum. Genet
688:. You can help by
247:Jackson Laboratory
98:Toxicology testing
5583:
5582:
5028:
5027:
5021:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4969:Onward to Freedom
4937:Animal Liberation
4922:
4921:
4743:Forks Over Knives
4695:Peaceable Kingdom
4655:Shores of Silence
4647:A Cow at My Table
4532:Eternal Treblinka
4484:Animal Liberation
4376:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4263:
4262:
4198:Uncaged Campaigns
4173:Mercy for Animals
4138:Great Ape Project
4053:Animal Liberation
3999:(groups, parties)
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3885:Elizabeth Farians
3794:Christine Townend
3734:Heather Nicholson
3664:Brigitte Gothière
3654:Antoine Goetschel
3540:
3539:
3201:Charles Patterson
3106:Gary L. Francione
3081:Josephine Donovan
3071:Daniel Dombrowski
3051:Alasdair Cochrane
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2846:
2845:
2777:Predation problem
2661:Animal euthanasia
2570:Foam depopulation
2405:Insects in ethics
1995:(12): 1559–1566.
1746:(11): 4227–4239.
1686:(7391): 531–533.
1592:Nature Immunology
1276:Molecular Biology
816:McGill University
738:complement system
706:
705:
547:reproduction rate
516:
515:
451:Syed Ziaur Rahman
397:Writers/activists
5603:
5296:Unnecessary Fuss
5270:Brown Dog affair
5158:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5031:
5019:
5014:
5013:
4825:Animal Sentience
4814:
4813:
4679:Legally Blonde 2
4639:The Animals Film
4393:
4392:
4382:
4381:
4188:Rise for Animals
4013:
4012:
4006:
4005:
3992:
3991:
3855:Edith Carrington
3759:Craig Rosebraugh
3724:Virginia McKenna
3714:Jo-Anne McArthur
3644:Juliet Gellatley
3549:
3548:
3507:Mary Anne Warren
3447:Humphrey Primatt
3432:Edward Nicholson
3402:Charles R. Magel
3367:Thomas G. Gentry
3226:Richard D. Ryder
3166:Thomas Lepeltier
2996:
2995:
2987:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2940:World Animal Day
2898:Unnecessary Fuss
2858:Brown Dog affair
2828:Animals in sport
2818:Animal slaughter
2813:Animal sacrifice
2752:Culling wildlife
2555:Wildlife farming
2473:
2472:
2318:Animal cognition
2287:Total liberation
2222:
2221:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2145:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2021:
2020:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1940:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1893:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1850:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1801:
1784:(7104): 739–41.
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1737:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1654:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1570:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1523:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1428:
1417:
1416:
1406:
1396:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1328:(9): 3507–3512.
1313:
1302:
1301:
1291:
1267:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1246:. New York Times
1235:
1226:
1225:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1160:
1142:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1050:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
991:
982:
981:
971:
947:
941:
940:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
820:Montreal, Canada
790:human population
744:involved in the
725:fraction in the
701:
698:
680:
673:
583:Laboratory mouse
508:
501:
494:
328:Dr. Hadwen Trust
289:Groups/campaigns
228:Unnecessary Fuss
202:Brown Dog affair
159:Medical research
39:
25:
24:
16:Overview article
5611:
5610:
5606:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5586:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5533:
5514:Neal D. Barnard
5494:Colin Blakemore
5486:
5480:
5358:
5352:
5301:
5257:
5251:
5200:
5196:Syrian hamsters
5159:
5150:
5064:
5059:
5029:
5024:
4994:
4975:
4918:
4899:Muutoksen kevät
4872:
4805:
4711:Behind the Mask
4626:
4436:Animals' Rights
4387:
4368:
4352:
4259:
4227:
4000:
3974:
3835:Cleveland Amory
3823:
3789:Darren Thurston
3784:Marianne Thieme
3639:Bruce Friedrich
3604:Joey Carbstrong
3589:Brigitte Bardot
3536:
3527:Jon Wynne-Tyson
3417:J. Howard Moore
3362:John Galsworthy
3342:Wilhelm Dietler
3285:
3281:Corey Lee Wrenn
3191:Martha Nussbaum
3101:Lawrence Finsen
3041:Paola Cavalieri
3016:Kristin Andrews
2991:
2981:
2959:
2928:
2907:
2842:
2796:
2738:
2710:
2671:Pain in animals
2647:
2579:
2545:Poultry farming
2464:
2296:
2216:
2205:
2200:
2152:
2142:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2037:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2001:10.1038/nn.2436
1985:
1981:
1958:
1954:
1938:10.1038/464019a
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1868:
1864:
1827:
1823:
1799:10.1038/442739a
1770:
1766:
1756:
1754:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1701:10.1038/483531a
1672:
1668:
1631:
1627:
1604:10.1038/nri1502
1598:(12): 989–997.
1588:
1584:
1547:
1543:
1533:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1507:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1435:. The Scientist
1429:
1420:
1373:
1369:
1314:
1305:
1268:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1229:
1178:
1174:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1037:www.taconic.com
1029:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1002:
993:
992:
985:
948:
944:
937:
923:
919:
911:
907:
899:
895:
890:
832:
711:
702:
696:
693:
686:needs expansion
667:
661:
646:
640:
638:Syrian hamsters
585:
579:
574:
555:
525:, particularly
512:
483:
455:
421:Colin Blakemore
416:Neal D. Barnard
392:
284:
233:
188:
145:
107:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5609:
5599:
5598:
5581:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5571:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5547:
5541:
5539:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5509:Ingrid Newkirk
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5362:
5360:
5354:
5353:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5292:
5287:
5285:Pit of despair
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5261:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5217:Animal welfare
5214:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5167:
5165:
5161:
5160:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5062:Animal testing
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5007:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4996:
4995:
4993:
4992:
4983:
4981:
4977:
4976:
4974:
4973:
4965:
4957:
4949:
4941:
4932:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4916:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4835:
4828:
4820:
4818:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4671:Meet Your Meat
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4634:
4632:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4536:
4528:
4520:
4512:
4504:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4468:The New Ethics
4464:
4456:
4448:
4440:
4432:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4388:
4378:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4344:
4338:
4332:
4326:
4320:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4299:Animals' Party
4296:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4258:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4241:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4068:AnimaNaturalis
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4038:Animal Justice
4035:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4017:
4010:
4002:
4001:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3970:Gretchen Wyler
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3900:Lewis Gompertz
3897:
3892:
3890:Emarel Freshel
3887:
3882:
3880:Muriel Dowding
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3816:
3814:Gary Yourofsky
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3729:Ingrid Newkirk
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:Charlotte Laws
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3599:Yves Bonnardel
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3574:Martin Balluch
3571:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:Steven M. Wise
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3467:Bernard Rollin
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3427:Leonard Nelson
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Herman Daggett
3329:
3324:
3322:Priscilla Cohn
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
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2628:Model organism
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2560:Working animal
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2150:External links
2148:
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2141:978-0123809209
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2106:Science | AAAS
2093:
2081:Science | AAAS
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1911:
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1841:(17): 1176–8.
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799:An article in
770:memory T cells
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665:Laboratory rat
663:Main article:
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479:Animal welfare
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469:Animal testing
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4906:No Compromise
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2358:Anthrozoology
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2018:
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1381:PLOS Medicine
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1064:on 2007-08-04
1063:
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999:The Economist
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802:The Scientist
797:
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791:
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778:herpesviruses
775:
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751:
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684:This section
682:
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645:
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633:
629:
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620:
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524:
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489:
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486:
480:
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475:
474:Animal rights
472:
470:
467:
466:
464:
463:
459:
458:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
426:Simon Festing
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Michael Balls
409:
407:
404:
403:
401:
400:
396:
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389:
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288:
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281:
280:Shamrock Farm
277:
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269:
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185:
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165:
164:Animal rights
162:
160:
157:
156:
154:
153:
149:
148:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
121:Invertebrates
119:
118:
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111:
110:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
48:
47:
44:Main articles
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
30:
27:
26:
22:
5519:Jerry Vlasak
5504:Gill Langley
5294:
5190:
5100:
4986:
4967:
4959:
4951:
4943:
4935:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4890:
4883:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4830:
4823:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4765:
4757:
4749:
4741:
4733:
4725:
4717:
4709:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4645:
4637:
4618:
4610:
4602:
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4530:
4522:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4255:Oxford Group
4123:Every Animal
4016:Contemporary
3965:Andrew Tyler
3955:Nell Shipman
3895:André Géraud
3804:Jerry Vlasak
3779:Lynda Stoner
3754:Alex Pacheco
3689:Evanna Lynch
3684:Howard Lyman
3669:Wayne Hsiung
3629:Chris DeRose
3619:Rod Coronado
3552:Contemporary
3492:Thomas Tryon
3412:Mary Midgley
3407:Jean Meslier
3387:Soame Jenyns
3377:John Hildrop
3372:Arthur Helps
3337:Richard Dean
3312:Peter Buchan
3251:Gary Steiner
3246:Peter Singer
3241:JĂ©rĂ´me Segal
3206:David Pearce
3196:Clare Palmer
3186:David Nibert
3176:Clair Linzey
3086:Joan Dunayer
3011:Aysha Akhtar
2999:Contemporary
2868:McLibel case
2823:Animal trial
2782:Seal hunting
2744:Wild animals
2729:Fishing bait
2691:Pain in fish
2510:Fish farming
2490:Battery cage
2410:Meat paradox
2367:
2308:Abolitionism
2131:
2110:. Retrieved
2108:. 2016-08-15
2105:
2096:
2085:. Retrieved
2083:. 2014-04-28
2080:
2071:
2044:
2034:
2025:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1968:(6): 42–51.
1965:
1961:
1955:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1876:. Retrieved
1865:
1838:
1834:
1824:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1755:. Retrieved
1743:
1739:
1726:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1642:
1638:
1628:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1532:. Retrieved
1506:. Retrieved
1459:
1455:
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1384:
1380:
1370:
1325:
1321:
1279:
1275:
1248:. Retrieved
1243:
1189:
1185:
1175:
1130:
1126:
1116:
1105:, retrieved
1096:
1089:
1077:
1066:. Retrieved
1062:the original
1036:
1026:
1014:
1003:. Retrieved
1001:. 2016-12-24
998:
962:(6): 721–8.
959:
955:
945:
926:
920:
908:
896:
841:Animal model
812:
808:
800:
798:
786:coinfections
716:
712:
694:
690:adding to it
685:
668:
652:
647:
621:
609:
594:
586:
572:Rodent types
565:
560:
556:
517:
446:Jerry Vlasak
431:Gill Langley
226:
140:
5538:Legislation
5485:Writers and
5258:experiments
4810:Periodicals
4687:The Meatrix
4663:The Witness
4277:(Australia)
4251:(1891–1919)
4133:Faunalytics
3960:Henry Spira
3950:Hans Ruesch
3940:Jill Phipps
3935:Norm Phelps
3915:Barry Horne
3875:Royal Dixon
3870:Karen Davis
3850:Ernest Bell
3744:Ric O'Barry
3739:Jack Norris
3709:Dan Mathews
3614:Jake Conroy
3584:Barbi Twins
3559:James Aspey
3497:Gary Varner
3487:John Styles
3327:Henry Crowe
3276:Paul Waldau
3266:Michael Tye
3161:Renan Larue
3146:Melanie Joy
3131:Oscar Horta
3126:John Hadley
3096:Catia Faria
3091:Mylan Engel
3061:Alice Crary
3031:Steven Best
3026:Marc Bekoff
2992:and writers
2933:Observances
2838:Live export
2772:Ivory trade
2643:Vivisection
2618:Green Scare
2515:Fur farming
2420:Open rescue
2415:Nonviolence
1462:(1): 1–13.
903:Home Office
824:microbiomes
709:Limitations
628:blastocysts
535:guinea pigs
533:, but also
103:Vivisection
5499:Carl Cohen
5396:Boyd Group
5357:Groups and
5164:Testing on
4799:Seaspiracy
4703:Earthlings
4343:(Portugal)
4317:DierAnimal
4232:Historical
4028:Animal Aid
3920:Marie Huot
3865:Joan Court
3845:Bob Barker
3828:Historical
3719:LuĂsa Mell
3699:Keith Mann
3694:Bill Maher
3679:Ronnie Lee
3649:Tal Gilboa
3624:Karen Dawn
3564:Greg Avery
3442:Rod Preece
3357:T. Forster
3317:Mona Caird
3290:Historical
3151:Hilda Kean
3121:Lori Gruen
2455:Vegaphobia
2445:Speciesism
2338:Animal law
2112:2017-01-10
2087:2017-01-10
1931:(19): 19.
1874:. Newsweek
1133:: 588075.
1107:14 January
1068:2007-10-22
1005:2017-01-10
888:References
774:microbiota
742:pentraxins
731:neutrophil
729:, a lower
723:neutrophil
553:Statistics
460:Categories
318:Boyd Group
112:Testing on
5529:Tipu Aziz
5487:activists
5359:campaigns
5343:Nafovanny
5306:Companies
4953:Manifesto
4892:Bite Back
4877:Magazines
4751:Vegucated
4349:(Germany)
4347:V-ParteiÂł
4325:(Germany)
4319:(Belgium)
4295:(Finland)
4118:Equanimal
3704:Jim Mason
3659:Mark Gold
3594:Gene Baur
3569:Matt Ball
3545:Activists
3457:Tom Regan
3236:Jeff Sebo
3181:Dan Lyons
2990:Academics
2978:Advocates
2833:Live food
2633:Nafovanny
2540:Livestock
2520:Fur trade
2495:Bile bear
2430:Personism
2225:Overviews
1206:1432-2072
1149:2297-055X
734:enzymatic
613:transgene
406:Tipu Aziz
276:Nafovanny
238:Companies
5590:Category
5446:Pro-Test
5348:Shamrock
5265:Britches
5181:Primates
5141:Three Rs
5016:Category
4885:Arkangel
4817:Journals
4791:Dominion
4727:The Cove
4357:Activism
4301:(Sweden)
4289:(Canada)
4283:(Europe)
3997:Movement
3532:Voltaire
2450:Veganism
2400:Ethology
2301:Concepts
2063:87534627
2009:19898468
1974:15669134
1947:20203576
1904:6 August
1900:. Nature
1878:6 August
1857:16954466
1808:16915261
1757:6 August
1752:14519650
1710:22460880
1661:24270692
1620:21204695
1612:15573133
1577:24793844
1534:6 August
1530:. Nature
1508:6 August
1504:. Nature
1484:24174675
1476:17300945
1439:6 August
1362:23401516
1298:31661479
1250:6 August
1222:21293891
1214:17609932
1167:33365329
978:16721408
872:Rat Park
830:See also
697:May 2015
632:germline
539:hamsters
368:Pro-Test
131:Primates
5191:Rodents
5186:Rabbits
4331:(Italy)
4313:(Spain)
4307:(Italy)
4268:Parties
2762:Hunting
2716:Fishing
2375:Carnism
2124:Sources
2017:3328884
1816:4382984
1786:Bibcode
1718:4326966
1688:Bibcode
1413:1000245
1404:1690299
1353:3587220
1330:Bibcode
1158:7750387
851:C57BL/6
794:outbred
590:gestate
543:gerbils
519:Rodents
257:Covance
141:Rodents
136:Rabbits
5323:Harlan
5318:Envigo
5205:Issues
5018:
4991:(2003)
4972:(2014)
4964:(2014)
4956:(2008)
4948:(1991)
4940:(1987)
4928:Albums
4802:(2021)
4794:(2018)
4786:(2016)
4778:(2013)
4770:(2013)
4762:(2013)
4754:(2011)
4746:(2011)
4738:(2009)
4730:(2009)
4722:(2007)
4714:(2006)
4706:(2005)
4698:(2004)
4690:(2003)
4682:(2003)
4674:(2002)
4666:(2000)
4658:(2000)
4650:(1998)
4642:(1981)
4623:(2022)
4615:(2022)
4607:(2020)
4599:(2018)
4591:(2016)
4583:(2014)
4575:(2012)
4567:(2010)
4559:(2009)
4551:(2008)
4543:(2005)
4535:(2001)
4527:(1999)
4519:(1995)
4511:(1993)
4503:(1987)
4495:(1983)
4487:(1975)
4479:(1971)
4471:(1907)
4463:(1906)
4455:(1899)
4447:(1897)
4439:(1892)
4431:(1883)
4423:(1838)
4415:(1824)
4009:Groups
2469:Issues
2313:Ahimsa
2138:
2061:
2045:Nature
2015:
2007:
1972:
1945:
1925:Nature
1855:
1814:
1806:
1778:Nature
1750:
1716:
1708:
1680:Nature
1659:
1618:
1610:
1575:
1482:
1474:
1411:
1401:
1360:
1350:
1296:
1220:
1212:
1204:
1165:
1155:
1147:
976:
933:
846:BALB/c
782:septic
762:ICAM-3
719:toxins
261:Harlan
150:Issues
5456:SPEAK
5381:AALAS
5171:Frogs
5121:IACUC
4913:Satya
4631:Films
4396:Books
4218:Viva!
2851:Cases
2801:Other
2160:HOPES
2158:from
2059:S2CID
2013:S2CID
1812:S2CID
1736:(PDF)
1714:S2CID
1639:ALTEX
1616:S2CID
1555:ALTEX
1480:S2CID
1218:S2CID
1101:(PDF)
758:TLR10
754:IL-37
727:blood
615:by a
601:genes
338:FRAME
298:AALAS
193:Cases
126:Frogs
78:IACUC
5576:(EU)
5570:(US)
5564:(NZ)
5558:(UK)
5451:SHAC
5411:PETA
5376:AAAS
4158:L214
2883:SHAC
2136:ISBN
2005:PMID
1970:PMID
1943:PMID
1906:2015
1880:2015
1853:PMID
1804:PMID
1759:2015
1748:PMID
1706:PMID
1657:PMID
1608:PMID
1573:PMID
1536:2015
1510:2015
1472:PMID
1441:2015
1409:PMID
1358:PMID
1294:PMID
1252:2015
1210:PMID
1202:ISSN
1163:PMID
1145:ISSN
1109:2016
974:PMID
931:ISBN
750:IL-8
659:Rats
577:Mice
531:rats
529:and
527:mice
378:SHAC
353:PETA
303:AAAS
5416:ALF
5391:ALF
2049:doi
1997:doi
1933:doi
1929:464
1843:doi
1794:doi
1782:442
1696:doi
1684:483
1647:doi
1600:doi
1563:doi
1464:doi
1399:PMC
1389:doi
1348:PMC
1338:doi
1326:110
1284:doi
1194:doi
1190:194
1153:PMC
1135:doi
964:doi
818:in
692:.
308:ALF
5592::
2104:.
2079:.
2057:.
2047:.
2043:.
2011:.
2003:.
1993:12
1991:.
1966:43
1964:.
1941:.
1927:.
1923:.
1888:^
1851:.
1839:98
1837:.
1833:.
1810:.
1802:.
1792:.
1780:.
1776:.
1742:.
1738:.
1712:.
1704:.
1694:.
1682:.
1678:.
1655:.
1643:31
1641:.
1637:.
1614:.
1606:.
1594:.
1571:.
1559:31
1557:.
1553:.
1518:^
1492:^
1478:.
1470:.
1460:26
1458:.
1421:^
1407:.
1397:.
1383:.
1379:.
1356:.
1346:.
1336:.
1324:.
1320:.
1306:^
1292:.
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