29:
766:
279:
The 'project' level of regulation is governed by the granting of a "project licence" (PPL) to a suitably qualified senior researcher. The PPL details the scope of the work to be carried out, the likely benefits that may be realised by the work, and the costs involved in terms of the numbers and types
275:
The 'person' level is achieved by the granting of a "personal licence" (PIL, procedure individual licence) to a researcher wishing to carry out regulated procedures on a protected animal. Having undergone a defined sequence of training, a researcher can apply for a PIL permitting specified techniques
335:
called the Act a "vivisectors' charter", alleging that it allows researchers to do as they please and makes them practically immune from prosecution. The report said that licences to perform experiments are obtained on the basis of a "nod of approval" from the Home Office
Inspectorate, and that the
144:, medical and veterinary advances, education, environmental toxicology and includes procedures requiring surgery, if certain criteria are met. Revised legislation came into force on 1 January 2013. The original act related to the 1986 EU Directive 86/609/EEC which was updated and replaced by
260:, housing conditions, identification methods and the humane killing of animals. This legislation is widely regarded as the strictest in the world protecting animals used in research. Those applying for a license must explain why such research cannot be done through non-animal or
1159:
311:
select committee inquiry compared the Act to legislation from France, the U.S., and Japan. The report concluded that "virtually all witnesses agreed that the UK has the tightest system of regulation in the world" and that it is "the only country to require an explicit
295:
of a commercial company. The PEL details which rooms in the establishment are permitted to be used for certain techniques and species, but may also apply to outdoors areas and even mobile areas (e.g. boats) if this is where the research is to be conducted.
250:
A procedure is regulated if it is carried out on a protected animal and may cause that animal a level of pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm equivalent to, or higher than, that caused by inserting a hypodermic needle according to good veterinary
241:. Fish and amphibia are protected once they can feed independently and cephalopods at the point when they hatch. Embryonic and foetal forms of mammals, birds and reptiles are protected during the last third of their gestation or incubation period.
316:
assessment of every application to conduct animal research." Costs are explicitly in terms of adverse effects on animals, not the financial cost to the experimenters. This has since been re-named the harm/benefit analysis.
280:
of animals to be used, and the harm that might be caused to the animals. Typically a large and detailed document, the PPL precisely defines which techniques may be applied to particular animals and for what purpose.
441:
Directive 86/609/EEC of 24 November 1986 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States regarding the protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific
283:
Finally, the 'place' where regulated procedures are carried out is controlled by the granting of a "establishment licence" (PEL) to a senior authority figure at the establishment, such as the
1210:
256:
ASPA also regulates the modification of genes in protected animals if this causes the animal pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm. Other considerations in the Act include
299:
It is an offence under ASPA to carry out regulated procedures on a protected animal unless authorised by a personal licence, a project licence, and an establishment licence.
214:
or incubation periods (for mammals, birds and reptiles) or from when they became capable of independent feeding (for fish, amphibians, and the common octopuses).
264:
methods. The project must also pass an ethical review panel which aims to decide if the potential benefits outweigh any suffering for the animals involved.
985:
990:
947:
561:
1230:
662:
154:
inquiry described the Act as the "...tightest system of regulation in the world" in relation to the regulation of using animals for research.
1045:
416:
1075:
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730:
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1010:
325:
178:, both of which outlaw the causing of "unnecessary suffering". Specific exemptions apply to experiments licensed under the 1986 Act.
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Home Office relies on the researchers' own cost-benefit analysis of the value of the experiment versus the suffering caused.
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328:, called the Act " the strongest laws in the world to protect animals which are being used for medical research."
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171:
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An Act to make new provision for the protection of animals used for experimental or other scientific purposes.
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136:(1986 c. 14) passed in 1986, which regulates the use of animals used for research in the UK. The Act permits
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Directive 2010/63/EU of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes
190:
as animal experiments that could potentially cause "pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm", to
1171:
1050:
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1000:
995:
780:
695:
535:
292:
175:
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513:
841:
210:), as a protected animal. The Act applied only to protected animals from halfway through their
417:"Draft Guidance on the Operation of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 (as amended)"
233:
Revised legislation came into force on 1 January 2013. The Act has been expanded to protect -
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613:"Unhappy Anniversary: Twenty years of the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986"
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ASPA involves three levels of regulation — person, project, and place.
586:
1128:
1113:
313:
76:
382:
Statistics of
Scientific Procedures on Living Animals – Great Britain 2005
389:
167:
562:"UK Regulations: How do you get a licence to carry out animal research?"
1005:
345:
332:
238:
195:
1138:
952:
211:
1055:
261:
640:
215:
162:
Prior to ASPA, the use of animals in the UK was regulated by the
492:"The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (Amendment) Order 1993"
230:
had additional protection over other vertebrates under the Act.
927:
198:
other than humans, under the responsibility of humans. A 1993
140:
to be conducted using animals for procedures such as breeding
765:
470:"Select Committee on Animals In Scientific Procedures Report"
227:
1211:
Animal welfare and rights legislation in the United
Kingdom
237:...all living vertebrates, other than man, and any living
245:
The definition of regulated procedures was expanded to -
223:
219:
199:
166:, which enforced a licensing and inspection system for
948:Laboratory animal suppliers in the United Kingdom
514:"How Do We Do Research With Animals?:Regulations"
170:. Animal cruelty was previously regulated by the
1197:
484:
174:(now largely repealed) and more recently by the
472:. Home Office (UK), The Stationery Office. 2002
276:to be carried out on named species of animals.
1046:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine
656:
536:"Research and testing using animals - GOV.UK"
66:England and Wales; Scotland; Northern Ireland
267:
411:
409:
663:
649:
1011:Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing
326:Secretary of State for Trade and Industry
202:added a single invertebrate species, the
1166:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
857:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
741:Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
605:
406:
122:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
22:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986
1231:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1986
1198:
1160:Animal Experimentation Convention 1986
559:
644:
464:
462:
460:
106:Text of statute as originally enacted
1041:New England Anti-Vivisection Society
701:Animal testing on non-human primates
579:
361:Animal welfare in the United Kingdom
181:
832:Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act
13:
1031:Foundation for Biomedical Research
670:
618:. Animal Aid. 2006. Archived from
457:
113:Revised text of statute as amended
14:
1242:
1036:National Anti-Vivisection Society
587:"Head to head: Laws on activists"
1226:Toxicology in the United Kingdom
764:
134:Parliament of the United Kingdom
34:Parliament of the United Kingdom
27:
691:Animal testing on invertebrates
560:Wright, Peter (25 March 2013).
516:. Understanding Animal Research
194:, which encompassed all living
1221:Research in the United Kingdom
981:Americans for Medical Progress
686:Alternatives to animal testing
553:
528:
506:
446:
434:
373:
172:Protection of Animals Act 1911
1:
1086:Understanding Animal Research
885:Cambridge University primates
366:
157:
746:Testing cosmetics on animals
142:genetically modified animals
7:
1076:Stop Sequani Animal Testing
847:International primate trade
339:
164:Cruelty to Animals Act 1876
124:, sometimes referred to as
10:
1247:
1178:Animal Welfare Act of 1966
1155:Animal testing regulations
1016:Cruelty Free International
976:Anti-Vivisection Coalition
923:Charles River Laboratories
726:History of model organisms
716:Animal testing regulations
302:
18:United Kingdom legislation
1147:
1094:
966:
915:
865:
852:Laboratory animal allergy
814:
773:
762:
736:Laboratory animal sources
721:History of animal testing
711:Animal testing on rodents
706:Animal testing on rabbits
678:
268:Licences and certificates
111:
104:
97:
85:
75:
70:
60:
50:
40:
26:
1081:Research Defence Society
943:Labcorp Drug Development
938:Huntingdon Life Sciences
422:. Home Office (UK). 2013
291:of a University, or the
62:Territorial extent
1172:Animal Welfare Act 1999
1051:Primate Freedom Project
996:Animal Free Research UK
696:Animal testing on frogs
293:Chief executive officer
176:Animal Welfare Act 2006
146:EU Directive 2010/63/EU
842:Great ape research ban
254:
243:
150:In 2002, a Government
91:1 January 1987 (part)
900:Silver Spring monkeys
402:– via BBC News.
356:Pain in invertebrates
247:
235:
186:The 1986 Act defined
93:1 January 1990 (full)
1184:Directive 2010/63/EU
1071:Speaking of Research
566:Speaking of Research
188:regulated procedures
1162:(Council of Europe)
837:Biomedical Research
625:on 17 November 2015
23:
1216:Cruelty to animals
890:Monkey Drug Trials
756:Toxicology testing
392:. 15 August 2023.
21:
1193:
1192:
593:. 31 January 2005
399:978-0-10-168772-0
331:A 2006 report by
192:protected animals
182:History and scope
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117:
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906:Unnecessary Fuss
880:Brown Dog affair
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494:. 23 August 1993
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208:Octopus vulgaris
152:select committee
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1206:1986 in science
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1124:Neal D. Barnard
1104:Colin Blakemore
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351:Pain in animals
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324:, then British
322:Patricia Hewitt
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289:Vice-chancellor
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99:Status: Amended
92:
61:
36:
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895:Pit of despair
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827:Animal welfare
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672:Animal testing
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309:House of Lords
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269:
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258:animal sources
204:common octopus
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1134:Simon Festing
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866:Controversial
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822:Animal rights
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802:
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797:
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789:
787:
786:Invertebrates
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679:Main articles
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35:
25:
16:
1165:
1129:Jerry Vlasak
1114:Gill Langley
904:
831:
627:. Retrieved
620:the original
607:
595:. Retrieved
590:
581:
569:. Retrieved
565:
555:
543:. Retrieved
539:
530:
518:. Retrieved
508:
496:. Retrieved
486:
474:. Retrieved
448:
436:
424:. Retrieved
381:
375:
330:
319:
314:cost/benefit
306:
298:
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278:
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271:
255:
249:
248:
244:
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207:
191:
187:
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149:
125:
121:
119:
87:Commencement
77:Royal assent
15:
1148:Legislation
1095:Writers and
868:experiments
498:22 February
390:Home Office
196:vertebrates
168:vivisection
81:20 May 1986
1200:Categories
1109:Carl Cohen
1006:Boyd Group
967:Groups and
774:Testing on
540:www.gov.uk
367:References
346:Animal law
333:Animal Aid
239:cephalopod
158:Background
56:1986 c. 14
42:Long title
1139:Tipu Aziz
1097:activists
969:campaigns
953:Nafovanny
916:Companies
320:In 2005,
285:Registrar
251:practice.
212:gestation
200:amendment
1056:Pro-Test
958:Shamrock
875:Britches
791:Primates
751:Three Rs
591:BBC News
442:purposes
340:See also
262:in-vitro
216:Primates
128:, is an
52:Citation
801:Rodents
796:Rabbits
629:30 July
597:30 July
571:9 March
545:9 March
520:30 July
476:30 July
426:18 July
307:A 2002
303:Opinion
138:studies
132:of the
933:Harlan
928:Envigo
815:Issues
396:
228:horses
1066:SPEAK
991:AALAS
781:Frogs
731:IACUC
623:(PDF)
616:(PDF)
420:(PDF)
386:(PDF)
71:Dates
1186:(EU)
1180:(US)
1174:(NZ)
1168:(UK)
1061:SHAC
1021:PETA
986:AAAS
631:2013
599:2013
573:2017
547:2017
522:2013
500:2013
478:2013
428:2013
394:ISBN
226:and
224:dogs
220:cats
126:ASPA
120:The
1026:ALF
1001:ALF
287:or
130:Act
1202::
589:.
564:.
538:.
459:^
408:^
388:.
222:,
218:,
664:e
657:t
650:v
633:.
601:.
575:.
549:.
524:.
502:.
480:.
430:.
206:(
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