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332:, which was begun but not completed as intended. He also performed experiments on cadavers and collected human skulls. He was appointed director since 1941 of the Institute of Anatomy in Strasbourg. He wanted to create a collection of skulls of "Judeo-Bolsheviks", as part of his research on race. According to him, the Jewish race was on the point of extinction and he wished to gather a collection of them while there was still time. Hirt sent his project to
444:, including the list of identification numbers tattooed on the prisoners at Auschwitz and "Photocopies of certificates of proof of ancestry, in connection with research on prisoners in the Konzentrationslager Natzweiler, ...Feb. 9-Nov. 3, 1942. Partial copies of slips for the admittance of prisoners into the Konzentrationslager Natzweiler, medical examinations on prisoners, and a death certificate, Dec. 9, 1942-Aug. 9, 1944. Feb. 9, 1942-Aug. 9, 1944".
336:. Hirt wrote of this project: "There are important collections of skulls of nearly all the races and peoples. Except for the Jews, of which science has so few skulls, so it is not possible to draw any meaningful inferences. The war in the East gives us the opportunity to fill the gap. We have the opportunity to acquire a tangible scientific document by procuring the skulls of Jewish-Bolsheviks who embody the disgusting but characteristic subhuman."
255:. In 1921, he gained German citizenship. In 1922, Hirt obtained his doctorate in medicine with "Der Grenzstrang des Sympathicus bei einigen Sauriern" (English: The Ganglions in the Sympathetic Nervous System of Some Lizards). He then worked at the Anatomical Institute in Heidelberg and in 1925 he was authorized to teach thanks to a thesis on nerve cells. In 1930 he became professor at Heidelberg University.
477:, identified tissue samples of victims in test tubes and a jar in the Strasbourg Medical Institute's closed collection. This followed his discovery of a 1952 letter from the then-director of the Institute, Camille Simonin, about the experiments directed by Hirt. On 6 September 2015, these remains were buried in the Cronenbourg Cemetery.
473:
bodies of other victims were buried in 1951, names unknown. On 11 December 2005, a memorial engraved with the names of the 86 victims was placed there. In addition, a memorial plaque honoring the victims was placed outside the
Anatomy Institute at Strasbourg's University Hospital. In 2015, a researcher,
372:
by his assistants, the anthropologists Bruno Beger and Hans
Fleischhacker. The group was quarantined to protect them from a typhus epidemic in the camp. Measurements were taken of the selected inmates at Auschwitz. Of those initially selected, it is believed that 89 persons (60 men and 29 women) were
472:
describes this mass murder. He also recounts how he was able to determine the identities of 86 victims, 60 years after they were murdered. In
November 2005, the remains of some of these victims were buried in the Jewish cemetery of Cronenbourg on the outskirts of Strasbourg, in the same area where
396:
In
September 1944, the rapid approach of the Allies led to the project being abandoned and Himmler ordered the destruction of all traces of this compromising collection. That order was not completed, nor had the casts been taken or the skeletons been prepared. The Allies found corpses and partial
401:
for eighty-six bodies upon the liberation of
Strasbourg. The corpses were buried 23 October 1945 in the municipal cemetery of Strasbourg-Robertsau before being transferred in 1951 to the Jewish cemetery of Strasbourg-Cronenbourg. The names of the victims were not known, and the purpose for their
360:
inmates in order to create an anatomical specimen collection specifically of Jews. Hirt proposed to use the small-scale gas chamber at
Natzweiler-Struthof to murder the people selected, keeping their corpses intact, and then have their corpses shipped immediately to the Anatomical Institute in
339:
Hirt conceived the project to go beyond a collection of skulls, to a collection of Jewish skeletons and so presented his research plan to
Himmler. He approved the project so that Hirt could begin his "medical experiments." Working with the
238:
Hirt was the son of a Swiss business man. In 1914, he volunteered, while still a high school student, to fight in World War I on the German side. In
October 1916, he was wounded in the upper jaw by a bullet. He received the
852:
Benzenhöfer, Udo, ed. (2020) . "August Hirt – Verbrecherische
Menschenversuche mit Giftgas und „terminale" Anthropologie" [August Hirt - Criminal human experiments with poison gas and "terminal" anthropology.].
311:
took place, resulting in the fall of France and its occupation by German forces, and Hirt participated in the battle. He then became director of the new
Institute of anatomy at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg.
219:. The skeletons of his victims were meant to become specimens at the Institute of anatomy in Strasbourg, but completion of the project was stopped by the progress of the war. He was an
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437:. His death was finally confirmed in the mid-1960s when the Israeli secret service had his body exhumed, and an Israeli pathologist conclusively identified the bones.
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389:, on 11, 13, 17, and 19 August 1943. Their bodies were returned to Hirt at the anatomical laboratory of the Reich University in Strasbourg for preparation as an
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on 30 July 1943. They were fed reasonably well to improve their appearance for the body casts. They were divided into four groups and successively gassed by
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from 1 May 1937, when he enrolled in the universities of the Reich (Mitgliedsnr. 4012784). From 1 March 1942, he was a member of the personal staff of the
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The Struthof album : study of the gassing at Natzweiler-Struthof of 86 Jews whose bodies were to constitute a collection of skeletons
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presence at the Anatomical Institute were not known. Some information was learned in post-war trials as to the project proposed by Hirt.
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746:"German Documents Among the War Crimes Records of the Judge Advocate Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe"
581:[Skeletons for Strasbourg: One of the most gruesome crimes of science in the "Third Reich" is finally cleared].
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579:"Skelette für Straßburg Eines der grausigsten Wissenschaftsverbrechen des "Dritten Reiches" ist endlich aufgeklärt"
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280:, the organisation in charge of "racial and ideological purity" of the members of the SS. He attained the rank of
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Memorial of the 86 Jewish victims murdered in 1943 at Struthof by August Hirt. Located at Institute of Anatomy of
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195:(28 April 1898 – 2 June 1945) was an anatomist with Swiss and German nationality who served as a chairman at the
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was a society that organised "medical experiments" on prisoners. Hirt conceived and directed one called the
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men, 30 Jewish women, 2 Poles, and 4 "Asians". They were selected among the inmates in August 1943 at
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Mengele, Hirt, Holfelder, Berner, von Verschuer, Kranz: Frankfurter Universitätsmediziner der NS-Zeit
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Mengele, Hirt, Holfelder, Berner, von Verschuer, Kranz: Frankfurt university doctors of the Nazi era
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Die Namen der Nummern; Wie Es Gelang, Die 86 Opfer eines NS-Verbrechens zu identifizieren
772:"Natzweiler Medical Experiments Natzweiler-Strutthof Camp A Small List with a Big Lesson"
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and played a leading role in the murders of 86 people at Natzweiler-Struthof for the
307:, he was an SS medical chief (from August 1939 to April 1941). During this time the
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522:"Photo of Hirt with his wife (caption: good husband, good father of the family)"
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From 1 April 1936 Hirt was associate director of the Institute of anatomy at
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799:[The remains of victims of Nazi anatomist discovered in Strasbourg].
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716:(1st ed.). New York: Hyperion. pp. Notes, Ch. 22 Nuremberg, #10.
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942:(in French, English, and German). France: Dora Films, 2014. Archived from
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Die Namen der Nummern – The Names of the Numbers: The Courses of 86 Lives
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sent to Natzweiler-Struthof. Three men died en route, leaving 86 people.
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l’Alsace au temps des "malgré nous" : 10.3.6. Expériences médicales
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Strasbourg for the casts and skeletons he wanted for this collection.
797:"Des restes de victimes d'un anatomiste nazi découverts à Strasbourg"
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at the Military War Crimes Trial at Metz on 23 December 1953 for his
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Hirt directed that 115 persons be selected for measurements: 79
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867:(in German). Munich: Klemm & Oelschläger. pp. 21–42.
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Some records prepared for his trial are in possession of the
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The master plan : Himmler's scholars and the Holocaust
272:(captain) on 1 July 1937, but he was only a member of the
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World War I, post-war education and joining the Nazi party
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August Hirt fled Strasbourg in September 1944, hiding in
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The Names of the Numbers: A Project of Hans-Joachim Lang
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display, taking body casts and preparing the skeletons.
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and returned to Mannheim in 1917 where he received his
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409:in southern Germany across the river from Alsace.
356:and Hirt together collected people from among the
299:. On 1 October 1938, he obtained the same post at
884:Un camp de la mort en France: Struthof Natzweiler
1090:Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp personnel
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287:Hirt was married and had a son and a daughter.
1105:Nazis sentenced to death in absentia by France
1040:Academic staff of the University of Greifswald
688:"The Names of the Numbers: Scientific Murders"
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429:. His suicide was not known when he was tried
1070:German military personnel who died by suicide
1045:Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt
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1055:Militant League for German Culture members
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665:. Natzweiler-Struthof.org. Archived from
936:Emmanuel Heyd, Raphael Toledano (2014).
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1035:Academic staff of Heidelberg University
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621:. United States: Simon & Schuster.
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966:Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum
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383:Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp
268:(SS-Nr. 100 414), and was promoted to
213:Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp
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577:Lang, Hans-Joachim (19 August 2004).
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570:
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1100:German Army personnel of World War I
1075:Nazis who died by suicide in Germany
1030:People from the Grand Duchy of Baden
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886:(in French). Strasbourg: Ed. Hirlé.
663:"Photographs at Natzweiler-Struthof"
617:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
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1085:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914)
939:The names of the 86 (Le nom des 86)
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258:In September 1932, Hirt joined the
13:
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260:Militant League for German Culture
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905:(in German). Hoffmann und Campe.
262:. On 1 April 1933, he joined the
1095:Holocaust perpetrators in France
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207:. He performed experiments with
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770:Leeson, Rosanne; Landé, Peter.
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16:German anatomist and SS officer
1080:Suicides by firearm in Germany
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708:Pringle, Heather Anne (2006).
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920:Pressac, Jean-Claude (1985).
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423:Schluchsee, Baden-Württemberg
381:These 86 people were sent to
421:on 2 June 1945, aged 47, at
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1065:Nazi human subject research
901:Lang, Hans-Joachim (2004).
613:Shirer, William L. (1960).
548:"1994 -1995 Chronicle News"
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301:Goethe University Frankfurt
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316:Jewish skeleton collection
303:. At the beginning of the
226:(captain) and in 1944, an
32:August Erwin Theobald Hirt
1020:Politicians from Mannheim
882:Courand, Raymond (2005).
803:(in French). 19 July 2015
251:. He studied medicine at
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1025:Physicians from Mannheim
828:The Names of the Numbers
458:The Names of the Numbers
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377:Natzweiler-Struthof camp
297:University of Greifswald
52:, Grand Duchy of Baden,
988:5 November 2019 at the
330:Jewish skull collection
217:Jewish skull collection
78:Allied-occupied Germany
1050:Nazi Party politicians
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983:Holocaust History.org
644:"August Hirt profile"
454:Die Namen der Nummern
397:remains preserved in
253:Heidelberg University
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822:Lang, Hans-Joachim.
669:on 21 February 2015.
650:on 26 December 2013.
442:US National Archives
243:, 2nd Class and the
128:Imperial German Army
1110:Waffen-SS personnel
1060:SS-Hauptsturmführer
946:on 20 February 2015
661:Henry, Diana Mara.
976:2020-06-03 at the
924:. Serge Klarsfeld.
751:. 1967. p. 34
684:Lang, Hans-Joachim
354:Hans Fleischhacker
342:Ahnenerbe division
228:SS-Sturmbannführer
211:on inmates at the
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151:SS-Sturmbannführer
874:978-3-932577-97-0
824:"Chronicle- News"
470:Hans-Joachim Lang
284:(major) in 1944.
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334:Heinrich Himmler
309:Battle of France
305:Second World War
270:Hauptsturmführer
223:Hauptsturmführer
197:Reich University
171:Battle of France
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47:28 April 1898
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948:. Retrieved
944:the original
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691:. Retrieved
667:the original
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492:Anton Dilger
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166:World War II
158:Battles/wars
149:
108:Nazi Germany
65:(1945-06-02)
1015:1945 deaths
1005:1898 births
585:(in German)
528:(in French)
431:in absentia
350:Bruno Beger
326:Third Reich
245:Wound Badge
209:mustard gas
193:August Hirt
162:World War I
74:Württemberg
63:2 June 1945
23:August Hirt
999:Categories
723:0786887737
508:References
448:Posthumous
435:war crimes
324:under the
274:Nazi Party
241:Iron Cross
201:Strasbourg
186:Strasbourg
84:Allegiance
70:Schluchsee
43:1898-04-28
29:Birth name
950:6 October
776:JewishGen
557:March 19,
425:, in the
370:Auschwitz
358:Auschwitz
322:Ahnenerbe
230:(major).
986:Archived
974:Archived
833:23 March
807:12 April
801:Le Monde
781:23 March
732:60671887
589:23 March
583:Die Zeit
532:12 April
487:Block 10
481:See also
460:, 2004,
407:Tübingen
399:formalin
114:Service/
50:Mannheim
755:7 April
693:7 April
419:suicide
203:during
909:
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871:
863:]
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366:Jewish
249:Abitur
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116:branch
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865:(PDF)
859:[
749:(PDF)
413:Death
278:RuSHA
952:2019
907:ISBN
888:ISBN
869:ISBN
835:2016
809:2016
783:2016
757:2016
728:OCLC
718:ISBN
695:2016
623:ISBN
591:2016
559:2017
534:2016
462:ISBN
320:The
146:Rank
60:Died
37:Born
468:),
221:SS-
199:in
1001::
826:.
774:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
