Occupation of the Baltic states

2404: 1554: 1416: 1900: 1062: 1469: 7964: 1692: 1193: 1371: 2756:, a jurist and vice-president of the Russian Association of International Law, argues there was no declared state of war between the Baltic states and the Soviet Union in 1940, and that Soviet troops occupied the Baltic states with their agreement, and also that USSR violation of prior treaty provisions did not constitute occupation. Subsequent annexation was neither an act of aggression nor forcible and was completely legal according to international law as of 1940. Accusations of "deportation" of Baltic nationals by the Soviet Union are therefore baseless, he says, as individuals cannot be deported within their own country. He claims the 1290: 2024: 1840: 1246: 1914:. Pro-independence candidates had received an overwhelming majority in the Supreme Soviet elections held earlier that year. On 30 March 1990, seeing full restoration of independence not yet feasible due to large Soviet presence, the Estonian Supreme Soviet declared the Soviet Union an occupying power and announced the start of a transitional period to independence. On 4 May 1990, the Latvian Supreme Soviet made a similar declaration. The Soviet Union immediately condemned all three declarations as illegal, saying that they had to go through the process of secession outlined in the 161: 1804: 2824:

countries from the Nazis. They assert that the Soviet troops initially entered the Baltic countries in 1940 following agreements and the consent of the Baltic governments. Their position is that the USSR was not in a state of war or engaged in combat activities on the territories of the three Baltic states, therefore, the word "occupation" cannot be used. "The assertions about 'occupation' by the Soviet Union and the related claims ignore all legal, historical and political realities, and are therefore utterly groundless".—

52: 2472:, illegal regimes typically take measures to change the demographic structure of the territory held by the regime, usually via two methods: the forced removal of the local population and transfer their own populations into the territory. He cites the case of the Baltic states as an example of where this phenomenon has occurred, with the deportations of 1949 combined with large waves of immigration in 1945–50 and 1961–70. When the illegal regime transitioned to a lawful regime in 1991, the status of these 148: 11283: 3412:. p. 396. "Insofar as the Soviet Union claims that they are not directly annexed territories but autonomous bodies with a legal will of their own, they (The Baltic SSRs) must be considered puppet creations, exactly in the same way in which the Protectorate or Italian-dominated Albania have been classified as such. These puppet creations have been established on the territory of the independent Baltic states; they cover the same territory and include the same population." 11457: 953: 11155: 135: 1796:

electronics and textile production. The rural economy suffered from the lack of investments and the collectivization. Baltic urban areas had been damaged during wartime and it took ten years to recuperate housing losses. New constructions were often of poor quality and ethnic Russian immigrants were favored in housing. Estonia and Latvia received large-scale immigration of industrial workers from other parts of the Soviet Union that changed the

1109: 3340:"Distr. General A/HRC/7/19/Add.2 17 March 2008 Original: English, Human Rights Council Seventh session Agenda item 9: Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Forms of Intolerance, Follow-up to and Implementation of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action – Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance, Doudou Diène, Addendum, Mission to Estonia" 11129: 113: 1428:

recently Sovietized military units. Soviet authorities responded with repressions against Lithuanian officers of the 29th Corps, arresting over 100 officers and soldiers and subsequently executing around 20 in Autumn 1940. By that time allegedly near 3,200 officers and soldiers of 29th Corps were considered "politically unreliable". Due to high tensions and soldiers' discontent the 26th Cavalry Regiment was disbanded. During the 1941

11142: 124: 2768:"from the point of view of the national interests of Russia, unification was historically just, as it returned to the composition of the state ancient Russian lands, albeit partially inhabited by other peoples". The Molotov–Ribbentrop pact and protocols, including the dismemberment of Poland, merely redressed the tearing away from Russia of its historical territories by "anti-Russian revolution" and "foreign intervention". 1677: 11467: 1399:, this act of violence is seen as a grave breach and war crime, because the mobilised men were treated as arrestants from the very beginning. In comparison with the general mobilisation proclaimed in the Soviet Union, the age range was extended by 9 years in the Baltics; all reserve officers were also taken. The aim was to deport all men capable to fight to Russia, where they were sent to 4886: 5413:

republics. The legality of the acts, laws and decrees of the puppet regimes set up in those countries by the USSR is not recognized by the United States, diplomatic or consular officers are not maintained in either Estonia or Latvia and full recognition is given to the Legations of Estonia and Latvia established and maintained here by the Governments in exile of those countries

2710:, published in 1948, says the June 1940 invasions were needed because "acts had been concluded with the Baltic States, but there were as yet no Soviet troops there capable of holding the defences". It also states regarding those invasions that "nly enemies of democracy or people who had lost their senses could describe those actions of the Soviet Government as aggression". 1433:

lost most of its soldiers during the retreat from Germans mostly to deserting of its soldiers. A total of less than 1,500 soldiers from initial strength of around 12,000 reached the area of Pskov by August 1941. By the second part of 1942, most of Lithuanians remaining in the Soviet ranks as well as male war refugees from Lithuania were organized into

2580:, which declared the inviolability of existing frontiers. However, this claim has been described as both "nefarious" and a "horrifying insult" — part of an intentional propaganda campaign to spread a myth of Baltic "incorporation". Russia also agreed to Europe's demand to "assist persons deported from the occupied Baltic states" upon joining the 7707: 1035:. The corresponding agreement was signed on 28 September 1939. Latvia followed on 5 October 1939 and Lithuania shortly thereafter, on 10 October 1939. The agreements permitted the Soviet Union to establish military bases on the Baltic states' territory for the duration of the European war and to station 25,000 Soviet soldiers in 2761:

With regard to the current situation in the Baltics, Chernichenko contends the "theory of occupation" is the official thesis used to justify the "discrimination of Russian-speaking inhabitants" in Estonia and Latvia and prophesies the three Baltic governments will fail in their "attempt to rewrite history".

2808:. Russia, in the preamble of its 29 July 1991, "Treaty Between the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and the Republic of Lithuania on the Basis for Relations between States", declared that once the USSR had eliminated the consequences of the 1940 annexation which violated Lithuania's sovereignty, 5846:

The Putin administration has stubbornly refused to admit the fact of Soviet occupation of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia following World War II, although Putin has acknowledged that in 1989, during Gorbachev's reign, the Soviet parliament officially denounced the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939, which

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The forcible incorporation of the Baltic states into the Soviet Union in 1940, on the basis of secret protocols to the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, is considered to be null and void. Even though the Soviet Union occupied these countries for a period of fifty years, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania continued

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the representatives of the Russian speaking communities in Estonia say the most important form of discrimination in Estonia is not ethnic, but rather language-based (Para. 56). The rapporteur made several recommendations, including strengthening the Chancellor of Justice, making it easier for persons

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Subsequent agreements to withdraw troops from Latvia were signed on 30 April 1994, and from Estonia on 26 July 1994. Continued linkage on the part of Russia resulted in a threat by the U.S. Senate in mid-July to halt all aid to Russia in case the forces were not withdrawn by the end of August. Final

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for energy resources and the manufacture of industrial and agricultural products. The purpose was to integrate the Baltic economies into the larger Soviet economic sphere. In all three republics, manufacturing industry was developed resulting in some of the best industrial complexes in the sphere of

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over 320 officers and soldiers of 29th Corps were arrested and deported to concentration camps or executed. The 29th Corps collapsed with the German invasion into Soviet Union: on June 25–26 a rebellion broke in its 184th Rifle Division. The other division of the 29th Corps, the 179th Rifle Division

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Since the fall of the Soviet Union, two general camps have evolved in Russian historiography. One, the liberal-democratic (либерально-демократическое), condemns Stalin's actions and the Molotov–Ribbentrop pact and does not consider the Baltic states as having joined the USSR voluntarily. The other,

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The official position of Russia, which chose in 1991 to be the legal and direct successor of the USSR, is that Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania joined the Soviet Union freely and of their own accord in 1940, and, with the dissolution of the USSR, these countries became newly created entities in 1991.

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in June. Simultaneously the Baltic republics also started to negotiate directly with the Russian Federal Republic. After the failed negotiations the Soviets made a dramatic but failed attempt to break the deadlock and sent in military troops killing twenty and injuring hundreds of civilians in what

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and the descendants of deportees, as stated in Opinion No. 193 (1996), paragraph 7.xii, to settle these issues as quickly as possible....". The Russian government and state officials maintain now that the Soviet annexation of the Baltic states was legitimate and that the Soviet Union liberated the

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argues that Stalin's ultimatums of 1940 were defensive measures taken against of the German threat and had no connection with the 'socialist revolutions' in the Baltic states. The arguments that the USSR had to annex the Baltic states in order to defend the security of those countries and to avoid

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radar station until it was decommissioned on 31 August 1998. The Russian Government then had to dismantle and remove the radar equipment; this work was completed by October 1999 when the site was returned to Latvia. The last Russian soldier left the region that month, marking a symbolic end to the

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Ethnic Estonians constituted 88 percent before the war, but in 1970 the figure dropped to 60 percent. Ethnic Latvians constituted 75 percent, but the figure dropped 57 percent in 1970 and further down to 50.7 percent in 1989. In contrast, the drop in Lithuania was only 4 percent. Baltic communists

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An estimated 60,000 Lithuanians were drafted into the Red Army. During 1940, on the basis of disbanded Lithuanian Army, Soviet authorities organized 29th Territorial Rifle Corps. Decrease in quality of life and service conditions, forceful indoctrination of Communist ideology, caused discontent of

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The Soviet administration had forcibly incorporated the Baltic national armies at the wake of the occupation in 1940. Most of the senior officers were arrested and many of them murdered. During the German invasion, the Soviets conducted a forced general mobilisation that took place in violation of

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starting with Lithuania in August 1993. However, it was a violent process and Soviet forces killed several Latvians and Lithuanians. The full withdrawal of troops deployed by Moscow ended in August 1994. Russia officially ended its military presence in the Baltics in August 1998 by decommissioning

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was being convicted at Nuremberg as a criminal organization and their commemoration in the "openly encouraged pro-Nazi" (откровенно поощряются пронацистские) Baltics as heroes seeking to liberate the Baltics from the Soviets) is an act of "nationalistic blindness" (националистическое ослепление).

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was necessary to the security of the Soviet Union, that the Baltics' joining the USSR was the will of the proletariat—both in line with the politics of the Soviet period, "the 'need to ensure the security of the USSR', 'people's revolution' and 'joining voluntarily'"—and that supporters of Baltic

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contended that the policy of Estonia towards its non-citizens was discriminatory. According to Peter Elswege, a lack of attention to the rights of Russian-speaking and stateless individuals in the Baltic states has been noted by some experts, although all international organisations agree that no

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for new "people's assemblies." Voters were presented with a single list, and no opposition movements were allowed to file candidates. To get the required turnout to 99.6%, votes were forged. A month later when the new assemblies met their sole item of business for each of them was a resolution to

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wrote in its 25 December 1918, issue: "Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are directly on the road from Russia to Western Europe and therefore a hindrance to our revolutions... This separating wall has to be destroyed". Bolshevik Russia, however, did not gain control of the Baltic States and in 1920

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The Baltic claim of continuity with the pre-war republics has been accepted by most Western powers. As a consequence of the policy of non-recognition of the Soviet seizure of these countries, combined with the resistance by the Baltic people to the Soviet regime, the uninterrupted functioning of

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The Russian Federation assumed the burden and the subsequent withdrawal of the occupation force, consisting of about 150,000 former Soviet, now Russian, troops stationed in the Baltic states. In 1992 there were still 120,000 Russian troops there, as well as a large number of military pensioners,

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to join the Soviet Union cannot be considered legitimate as these decisions were not approved by the upper chambers of the parliaments of the respective Baltic states. He also contends that the annexation of the Baltic states had no military value in defence of possible German aggression, as it

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Contention arose when Russia threatened to keep its troops where they were. Moscow tied its concessions to specific legislation guaranteeing the civil rights of ethnic Russians, which was seen as an implied threat in the West, in the U.N. General Assembly and by Baltic leaders, who viewed it as

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From Sumner Wells' declaration of July 23, 1940, that we would not recognize the occupation. We housed the exiled Baltic diplomatic delegations. We accredited their diplomats. We flew their flags in the State Department's Hall of Flags. We never recognized in deed or word or symbol the illegal

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This particular Russian viewpoint is called the "Myth of 1939–40" by international affairs professor David Mendeloff, who states that the assertion that Soviet Union neither "occupied" the Baltic states in 1939 nor "annexed" them the following year is widely held and deeply embedded in Russian

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According to Sīpols, "in mid-July 1940 elections took place . In that way, Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, that had been grabbed away from Russia as a result of foreign military intervention, joined her again, by the will of those peoples." – Сиполс В. Тайны дипломатические. Канун Великой

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The Court said: (256 N.Y.S.2d 196) "The Government of the United States has never recognized the forceful occupation of Estonia and Latvia by the Soviet Union of Socialist Republics nor does it recognize the absorption and incorporation of Latvia and Estonia into the Union of Soviet Socialist

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were formed under the command of the NKVD. Hence, Baltic nationals fought in both German and Soviet army ranks. There was the 201st Latvian Rifle Division. The 308th Latvian Rifle Division was awarded the Red Banner Order after the expulsion of the Germans from Riga in the autumn of 1944.

1269:, attempts to reestablish national governments were made. Baltic citizens hoped that the Germans would reestablish Baltic independence. Such hopes soon evaporated and Baltic cooperation became less forthright or ceased altogether. The Germans aimed to annex the Baltic territories into the 885:

many people from Russia and other parts of the former USSR were settled in the three Baltic countries, while the local languages, religion and customs were suppressed in an "extremely violent and traumatic" occupation. Colonization of the three Baltic countries included mass executions,

1483:, composed of volunteers, was formed in 1944. The LTDF reached a size of roughly 10,000 men. Its goal was to fight the approaching Red Army, provide security and conduct anti-partisan operations within the territory claimed by Lithuanians. After brief engagements against 2636:

the entire former Russian empire. To Soviet historians, the 1940 annexation was not only a voluntary entry but was also the natural thing to do. This concept taught that the military security of mother Russia was solidified and that nothing could argue against it.

4908: 1093:, which was overrun and occupied a month later. In late May and early June 1940, the Baltic states were accused of military collaboration against the Soviet Union by holding meetings the previous winter. On 15 June 1940, the Lithuanian government was extorted to 7271:

Yaacov Falkov, "Between the Nazi Hammer and the Soviet Anvil: The Untold Story of the Red Guerrillas in the Baltic Region, 1941–1945", in Chris Murray (ed.), Unknown Conflicts of the Second World War: Forgotten Fronts (London: Routledge, 2019), pp. 96–119,

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bolstered anti-Soviet public opinion in future allies Britain and the US and turned the native populations against the Soviet Union: the subsequent guerrilla movement in the Baltic states after the Second World War caused domestic problems for the Soviet Union.

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See, for instance, the position expressed by the European Parliament, which condemned "the fact that the occupation of these formerly independent and neutral States by the Soviet Union occurred in 1940 following the Molotov/Ribbentrop pact, and continues."

1441:, was ethnically very mixed, with up to 1/4 of its personnel made of Jews and thus being the largest Jew formation of Soviet Army. Popular joke of those years said that 16th Division is called Lithuanian, because there are 16 Lithuanians among its ranks. 2079:

occupations 605,000 inhabitants of the three countries in total were either killed or deported (135,000 Estonians, 170,000 Latvians and 320,000 Lithuanians). Their properties and personal belonging were confiscated and given to newly arrived colonists –

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the same month. It was approved by 78.4% of voters with an 82.9% turnout. Independence was restored by the Estonian Supreme Council on the night of 20 August. The Latvian parliament made similar a declaration on the same day. The coup failed but the

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Economic difficulties and dissatisfaction of the populace with Baltic government policies had impeded fulfilment of the pacts, and the populace revolted against the Baltic governments' political orientation towards Germany in a revolution in June

2610:, that no legal benefit can be derived from an illegal act, the seizure of the Baltic states was judged to be illegal thus sovereign title never passed to the Soviet Union and the Baltic states continued to exist as subjects of international law. 2394:

In the years following the reestablishment of Baltic independence, tensions have remained between indigenous Balts and Russian-speaking population in Estonia and Latvia. The UN noted the discriminatory position of the non-citizens in Latvia and

1008:, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed in September 1939 assigned the majority of Lithuanian territory to the Soviet Union. Under the secret protocol, Lithuania would regain its historical capital 1261:. The Baltic states, recently Sovietized by threats, force, and fraud, generally welcomed the German armed forces. In Lithuania, a revolt broke out and an independent provisional government was established. As the German armies approached 2483:

notes the lingering legacy of Soviet modernist architecture in the region, with many iconic Soviet structures in the Baltic states falling into disrepair or being demolished completely. There are ongoing debates surrounding their future.

1499:, created in 1943, consisted of two conscripted divisions of the Waffen-SS. On 1 July 1944 the Latvian Legion had 87,550 men. Another 23,000 Latvians were serving as Wehrmacht "auxiliaries". Among other battles, they participated in the 1918:. However, the Baltic states argued that the entire occupation process violated both international law and their own law. Therefore, they argued, they were merely reasserting an independence that still existed under international law. 2803:

While this action did not state the Soviet presence in the Baltics was an occupation, the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and Republic of Lithuania affirmed so in a subsequent agreement in the midst of the collapse of the

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Russian officials persistently claim that the Baltic states entered the USSR voluntarily and legally at the close of World War II and failed to acknowledge that Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were under Soviet occupation for fifty

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1867:. They were attempts to reform the Soviet system from above to avoid revolution from below. The reforms occasioned the reawakening of nationalism in the Baltic republics. The first major demonstrations against the environment were 7427: 2430:

of undefined nationality to obtain citizenship, and opening a discussion on language policy to elaborate strategies better reflecting the multilingual character of the society (paras. 89–92). Estonia has been criticized by the UN

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again in January 1989, and similar legislation was passed in Latvia and Lithuania soon after. The Baltic republics declared their aim for sovereignty: Estonia in November 1988, Lithuania in May 1989 and Latvia in July 1989. The

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where "suitable elements" would be assimilated and "unsuitable elements" exterminated. In practice, the implementation of occupation policy was more complex; for administrative convenience the Baltic states were included with

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survived the war. However, for the majority of Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians, the German rule was less harsh than Soviet rule had been, and it was less brutal than German occupations elsewhere in eastern Europe. Local

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The Congress condemned the secret protocols to the 1939 Soviet-German Nonaggression Treaty, which included a map delineating Soviet and German areas of interest, as 'legally untenable and invalid from the moment they were

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in 1996. Also, when the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic signed a separate treaty with Lithuania in 1991, it acknowledged the 1940 annexation as a violation of Lithuanian sovereignty and recognised the

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During the Soviet era, there was relatively little interest in the history of the Baltic states, which historians generally treated as a single entity due to the uniformity of Soviet policy in these territories.

8919: 5100: 1875:. Small successful protests encouraged key individuals and by the end of 1988 the reform wing had gained the decisive positions in the Baltic republics. At the same time, coalitions of reformists and populist 9914: 8944: 7712: 5744:

Zalimas, Dainius "Commentary to the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Compensation of Damage Resulting from the Occupation of the USSR" – Baltic Yearbook of International Law. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,

3303: 8309: 910:. As most Western governments maintained that Baltic sovereignty had not been legitimately overridden, they thus continued to recognise the Baltic states as sovereign political entities represented by the 5631: 897:

While there has been a broad international consensus that the Baltic states were illegally occupied and annexed, the Soviet Union never acknowledged that they were forcefully taken over. The post-Soviet

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at the time Estonia gained independence. The requirements for getting citizenship in Estonia were considered "relatively liberal" in 1996. According to a 2008 report of Special Rapporteur on racism to

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The parliaments adopted declarations restoring Soviet powers in Baltic countries and proclaimed the Soviet Socialist Republics. Declarations of Estonia's, Latvia's and Lithuania's wishes to join the

1031:: The Soviets demanded a treaty of mutual assistance to establish military bases in Estonia. The Estonians were coerced to accept naval, air and army bases on two Estonian islands and at the port of 4610: 1548: 8302: 2951: 297: 3288: 8954: 3129:

The forcible military occupation and subsequent annexation of the Baltic States by the Soviet Union remains to this day (written in 1972) one of the serious unsolved issues of international law

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On March 26, 1949, the US Department of State issued a circular letter stating that the Baltic countries were still independent nations with their own diplomatic representatives and consuls.

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radar station in Latvia. The dismantled installations were repatriated to Russia and the site returned to Latvian control, with the last Russian soldier leaving Baltic soil in October 1999.

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The Soviets had previously carried out mass deportations in 1940–41, but the deportations between 1944 and 1952 were even greater. In March 1949 alone, the top Soviet authorities organised

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Most Western countries had not recognised the incorporation of the Baltic States into the Soviet Union, a stance that irritated the Soviets without ever becoming a major point of conflict.

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Russia's stance is based upon the desire to avoid financial liability, since acknowledging the Soviet occupation would set the stage for future compensation claims from the Baltic states.

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concluded peace treaties with all three of them. Subsequently, at the initiative of the Soviet Union, additional non-aggression treaties were concluded with all three Baltic States:

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located in the West. Consequently, Great Britain and the United States lacked any interest in the Baltic cause while the war against Germany remained undecided. The discovery of the

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to the peoples of the three Baltic countries differed between Nazi authorities. In practice, racial policies were directed not against the majority of Balts but rather against the

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promoted the interests of Russia and the USSR in the Baltic area, and it reflected the belief of most Russians that they had moral and historical rights to control and to

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proposed armed resistance to the Soviets but the government refused, proposing their own candidate to lead the regime. However, the Soviets refused this proposal and sent

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on 6 October, the Soviets pressured Finland and the Baltic states to conclude mutual assistance treaties. The Soviets questioned the neutrality of Estonia after the

1925:, the Soviets started negotiations with Lithuania and the other two Baltic republics. The Soviets had a bigger challenge elsewhere, as the Russian Federal Republic 887: 14373: 14368: 14363: 9290: 8867: 8728: 8718: 8683: 5964: 3166: 2463: 4778:

Simonsen, S. Compatriot Games: Explaining the 'Diaspora Linkage' in Russia's Military Withdrawal from the Baltic States. Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 53, No. 5. 2001

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To guarantee fulfilment of the pact additional military units entered the Baltic countries, welcomed by workers, who demanded the resignations of the governments.

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However, the Soviet Union never formally acknowledged that its presence in the Baltics was an occupation or that it had annexed these states and considered the

1649:'s first mission was to stop anyone escaping from the state; however, many refugees did manage to escape to the West. The NKVD also targeted the members of the 9022: 3641: 1472: 477: 13029: 9802: 9325: 8708: 8199: 7888: 5198: 2753: 2431: 1911: 1116:

On 16 June 1940, Latvia and Estonia also received ultimata. The Red Army occupied the two remaining Baltic states shortly thereafter. The Soviets dispatched

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during its second formation. 16th Rifle Division, despite officially called "Lithuanian" and mostly commanded by officers of Lithuanian origin, including

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However, Russia's current official position directly contradicts its earlier rapprochement with Lithuania as well as its signature of membership to the

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by (Latvian Supreme Court justice) Augusts Rumpeters — Short and thoroughly annotated dissertation on Soviet-Baltic treaties and relations. 1974.

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between Germany and the Soviet Union that had led to the division of Eastern Europe and the invasion and occupation of the three Baltic countries.

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and school textbooks continue to maintain that the Baltic states voluntarily joined the Soviet Union after their each of their peoples carried out

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who was obsessed with bureaucratic regulations. The Baltic area was the only eastern region intended to become a full province of the Third Reich.

12007: 11250: 11196: 10519: 7500: 7490: 6656:"Causes and Consequences of Historical Amnesia – The annexation of the Baltic states in post-Soviet Russian popular history and political memory" 6271: 2898: 2480: 1662: 589: 494: 2504:

have all stated that these three countries were invaded, occupied and illegally incorporated into the Soviet Union under provisions of the 1939

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became unavoidable. After the coup collapsed, the Soviet government recognised the independence of all three Baltic states on 6 September 1991.

14249: 11758: 11567: 11302: 11068: 7963: 7563: 7388: 4379: 4055: 364: 6452:"Статья С.в.черниченко*, Опубликованная В Журнале "Международная Жизнь" (Август 2004 Года) Под Заголовком "Об "Оккупации" Прибалтики И Наруше" 5281: 5065: 14423: 11206: 10552: 9066: 8567: 8158: 7505: 7495: 7457: 7400: 6051: 4842: 2072: 1666: 1650: 1599: 1362:

performed administrative tasks and schools were permitted to function. However, most people were denied the right to own land or businesses.

1056: 825: 340: 198: 178: 6701: 6532: 6449:С.В.Черниченко "Об "оккупации" Прибалтики и нарушении прав русскоязычного населения" – "Международная жизнь" (август 2004 года) – 6020: 2039: 1403:. Almost half of them perished because of the transportation conditions, slave labour, hunger, diseases, and the repressive measures of the 14239: 9537: 8084: 7551: 5620:"After the German occupation in 1941–44, Estonia remained occupied by the Soviet Union until the restoration of its independence in 1991." 3285: 2847: 2717:, the USSR condemned the 1939 secret protocol between itself and Germany that led to the invasion and occupations in the Baltic countries. 2542: 1960: 1772: 1645:

issued a plan in which Estonian forces would cover the German withdrawal. The Soviets soon reached the Estonian capital Tallinn, where the

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views the 1940 annexation of the Baltic states as involuntary. He considers the elections were not free and fair and the decisions of the

14523: 14413: 14213: 13100: 9603: 8282: 7836: 7557: 7035: 6787: 6099: 5876: 5833: 5320: 5251: 4823: 4508: 3482: 3439: 2522:, or as a matter of law, the Baltic states remained independent states under illegal occupation throughout the period from 1940 to 1991. 1460:

in September 1944. About 20,000 Lithuanians, 25,000 Estonians, and 5000 Latvians died in the ranks of the Red Army and labor battalions.

1089:. The Soviets organised a press campaign against the allegedly pro-Allied sympathies of the Baltic governments. In May 1940, the Germans 684: 521: 359: 17: 6677: 6125:"Treaty between the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic and the Republic of Lithuania on the Basis for Relations between States" 5707: 5399: 5169: 4991: 3230: 3074: 2881: 14418: 14338: 14203: 10001: 2010:

until the Russian military base was dismantled and the nuclear reactors suspended operations on 26 September 1995. Russia operated the

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were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the

317: 302: 2819:, where it agreed to the obligations and commitments including "iv. as regards the compensation for those persons deported from the 1448:

during the German invasion in summer 1941, as 2000 were killed or wounded in action, and 4500 surrendered. The 25,000—30,000 strong

14458: 14453: 14318: 14244: 12277: 11176: 9566: 9101: 8335: 8110: 7845: 7450: 6440:Новейшая история Отечества. XX век. Учебник для студентов вузов: в 2 т. /Под редакцией А.Ф. Киселева, Э.М. Щагина. М., 1998. c. 111 2946: 2512:

and then again occupation by the Soviet Union from 1944 to 1991. This policy of non-recognition has given rise to the principle of

2002:

Lithuania was the first to see complete the withdrawal of Russian troops—on 31 August 1993—owing in part to the Kaliningrad issue.

1764: 1185:". Estonia alone lost an estimated 60,000 citizens. Consequently, many Balts initially greeted the Germans as liberators when they 627: 220: 6609: 5924:Комментарий Департамента информации и печати МИД России в отношении "непризнания" вступления прибалтийских республик в состав СССР 13680: 12324: 11106: 9330: 9310: 9234: 8934: 8037: 7946: 7533: 5346: 4949: 4302: 2931: 2866: 2660:

Pressure from working people forced the governments of the Baltic countries to accept this suggestion. The pacts were then signed

1208:

The Soviet Union immediately started to erect border fortifications along its newly acquired western border — the so-called

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Ziemele, Ineta (2003). "State Continuity, Succession and Responsibility: Reparations to the Baltic States and their Peoples?".

2623: 312: 9027: 3669: 1892:, that took place on 23 August 1989, became the biggest manifestation of opposition to the Soviet rule. In December 1989, the 14433: 14323: 14168: 12103: 11790: 11768: 11309: 11238: 10974: 9056: 9046: 8924: 7510: 7365: 4943: 2941: 2598: 2513: 1943: 1922: 671: 13191: 7226: 7167: 7134: 7101: 6981: 6936: 6900: 6820: 3116: 1939: 14333: 14328: 13010: 12935: 12595: 12195: 11422: 9254: 9144: 9094: 7881: 6583: 6557: 5935: 5507: 5426: 3254: 2534: 1653:. German and Latvian forces remained trapped in the Courland Pocket until the end of the war, capitulating on 10 May 1945. 1480: 1146: 622: 9340: 5927: 5906: 14343: 14208: 12615: 11748: 11435: 10969: 9909: 9366: 9189: 8804: 7905: 7344: 7297: 3350: 2936: 2501: 2426: 2093: 1581: 1341:. Some Latvians and Lithuanian conscripts collaborated actively in the killing of Jews, and the Nazis managed to provoke 1061: 689: 11857: 11785: 6632:

Truth-telling and mythmaking in post-Soviet Russia: pernicious historical ideas, mass education, and interstate conflict

6512:Žalimas, Dainius. Legal and Political Issues on the Continuity of the Republic of Lithuania Retrieved January 24, 2008. 6319:

Rain Liivoja. "Competing Histories: Soviet War Crimes in the Baltic States". In Kevin Jon Heller; Gerry Simpson (eds.).

6070:"Commentary to the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Compensation of Damage Resulting from the Occupation of the USSR" 5980:"Commentary to the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on Compensation of Damage Resulting from the Occupation of the USSR" 4365: 2861: 14358: 14297: 13650: 12745: 11723: 11608: 11562: 11557: 11503: 11440: 11260: 11255: 10934: 8212: 8030: 7871: 7722: 7646: 7361: 7277: 7220: 7199: 7161: 7128: 7095: 7062: 7029: 6894: 6845: 6814: 6781: 6760: 6741: 6671: 6093: 6003: 5827: 5800: 5750: 5245: 5163: 5122: 4985: 4711: 3781: 3590: 3519: 3433: 3150: 3110: 3068: 3014: 2750:

German invasion into the three republics can also be found in the college textbook "The Modern History of Fatherland".

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Early in the morning of 24 August 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany signed a ten-year non-aggression pact, called the

612: 597: 563: 433: 410: 8872: 8723: 4150: 3609:"Suing Gorbachev 31 years after the USSR's collapse, a group of Lithuanians sought to hold its last leader to account" 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14468: 14403: 13382: 12945: 12215: 12156: 10826: 10545: 10477: 9335: 9061: 7918: 7876: 7664: 7340:

Professor Uluots, the Estonian Government in Exile and the Continuity of the Republic of Estonia in International Law

7290:

Regarding the Procedure for carrying out the Deportation of Anti-Soviet Elements from Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia.

5520:

Five decades of almost unbroken Soviet occupation of the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania ended in 1991

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Historical injustice and democratic transition in eastern Asia and northern Europe: ghosts at the table of democracy

4041:

Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity

3687:

Historical Injustice and Democratic Transition in Eastern Asia and Northern Europe: Ghosts at the Table of Democracy

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Prof. Dr. G. von Rauch "Die Baltischen Staaten und Sowjetrussland 1919–1939", Europa Archiv No. 17 (1954), p. 6865.

5093:"Russian-speaking minorities in Estonia and Latvia: problems of integration at the threshold of the European Union" 1738: 911: 679: 423: 12763: 12625: 12309: 9040: 8294: 5709:

Russian-speaking minorities in Estonian and Latvia: Problems of integration at the threshold of the European Union

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International Commission For the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania,

821:

after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, and finally resumed by the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991.

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suggested that the governments of the Baltic countries conclude mutual assistance treaties between the countries.

1330: 926: 906:, and school textbooks state that the Baltic states voluntarily joined the Soviet Union after home-grown popular 428: 12580: 12467: 12455: 8541: 8204: 4014: 2400:

forms of systematic discrimination towards the Russian-speaking and often stateless population can be observed.

1744:

The estimated death toll among Lithuanian deportees between 1945 and 1958 was 20,000, including 5,000 children.

1077:

In May 1940, the Soviets turned to the idea of direct military intervention, but still intended to rule through

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in the aftermath of the Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania, resulting in deaths and injuries

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Shtromas, Alexander; Faulkner, Robert K.; Mahoney, Daniel J. (2003). "Soviet Conquest of the Baltic states".

2649:, the Soviet Union denied the existence of the secret protocols and viewed the events of 1939–40 as follows: 2538: 1942:

of the Soviet Union. A day after the coup on 21 August, the Estonians proclaimed full independence, after an

1831:. However, the Soviets also imported ethnic Russians to fill political, administrative and managerial posts. 1691: 1302: 841: 694: 396: 12630: 12339: 12262: 11933: 8862: 1711:

rather than by overt attacks on culture, religion or freedom of expression. The Soviets carried out massive

1192: 14408: 13216: 13176: 13146: 13095: 12955: 12873: 12869: 12740: 12670: 12435: 12252: 12018: 11913: 11845: 11381: 10717: 10538: 10386: 9450: 9445: 9435: 9345: 9154: 9149: 9124: 9017: 8251: 8132: 8127: 7953: 7931: 1811: 726: 9846: 7314: – Canadian film about Estonians mobilized into the Red Army 1941 and forced into labour in the GULAG 7087:

Experiencing Totalitarianism: The Invasion and Occupation of Latvia by the USSR and Nazi Germany 1939–1991

6049:

as described in Resolution 1455 (2005), Honouring of obligations and commitments by the Russian Federation

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For a legal evaluation of the annexation of the three Baltic states into the Soviet Union, see K. Marek,

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in the 1930s. The new regimes of 1944 were established mostly by native communists who had fought in the

1622:

in 1944 had cast shadows on relations; nevertheless, all three victors still displayed solidarity at the

1112:

Schematics of the Soviet military blockade and invasion of Estonia in 1940 (Russian State Naval Archives)

1082: 965: 957: 829: 731: 386: 326: 279: 7580: 1329:, assigned to the Baltic area, was the most effective of four units. German policy forced the Jews into 238: 14025: 13246: 13231: 13221: 13075: 12675: 12163: 11966: 11733: 10903: 10561: 10290: 10046: 9851: 9792: 9648: 9589: 9419: 9414: 9139: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8743: 8653: 7822: 6922:

Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR

3384:

Illegal Annexation and State Continuity: The Case of the Incorporation of the Baltic States by the USSR

2694: 2223: 1607: 1573: 1370: 1279: 1240: 858: 526: 10831: 2421:

In 1993, Estonia was noted for having problems concerning the successful integration of some who were

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The "Working People's Unions", created by the Communist parties, received the majority of the votes.

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In June workers demonstrated under the leadership of the Communist parties of the Baltic countries.

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and its reassessment of Soviet history, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1989 condemned the 1939

2771:

On the other hand, Professor and Dean of the School of International Relations and Vice-Rector of

1896:

condemned the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and its secret protocol as "legally untenable and invalid."

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withdrawal was completed on 31 August 1994. Some Russian troops remained stationed in Estonia in

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Romuald J. Misiunas, Rein Taagepera. Baltic Years of Dependence 1940—1990. Tallinn, 1997, p. 32

2780: 2386: 1634: 1602:. In September 1944, Uluots briefly became acting president of independent Estonia. Unlike the 1598:

proposed restoration of independence; later, by 1944, he had become a key figure in the secret

1524: 1523:

was formed in January 1944 through conscription. Consisting of 38,000 men, it took part in the

1444:

The 7000-strong 22nd Estonian Territorial Rifle Corps got heavily beaten in the battles around

1408: 1013: 548: 405: 14110: 7019: 6771: 6396: 6353: 6069: 5979: 5860: 5817: 5790: 5682: 5676: 5672: 5304: 5233: 5066:"Human Rights Watch submission to the Committee on the Rights of the Child concerning Estonia" 4750: 4744: 4740: 4492: 3536: 3509: 3466: 3423: 2735:

independence were the operatives of western intelligence agencies seeking to topple the USSR.

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and its state officials insist that incorporation of the Baltic states was in accordance with

2023: 1839: 1245: 14135: 13419: 13414: 13181: 13070: 13025: 12985: 12920: 12864: 12783: 12565: 12379: 12257: 12175: 12083: 12048: 11958: 11903: 11800: 11641: 11412: 11353: 10169: 10087: 9071: 8633: 8605: 8262: 7978: 6404: 6361: 5965:"How Russian Disinformation Targets the Former Soviet Bloc Around WWII Anniversaries - CHACR" 5716: 5591: 5469: 5383: 5153: 4975: 4820: 3271:, until 31 August 1994, with the final withdrawal of former Soviet troops from Estonian soil. 3227: 3167:"How Russian Disinformation Targets the Former Soviet Bloc Around WWII Anniversaries - CHACR" 3058: 2926: 2920: 2706: 2629: 2435: 2382: 2140: 1158: 751: 10642: 3880: 3583:

Totalitarianism and the prospects for world order: closing the door on the twentieth century

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Soviet historians saw the 1940 annexation as a voluntary entry into the USSR by the Balts.

13675: 13442: 13297: 13251: 13166: 13161: 12960: 12859: 12808: 12803: 12695: 12650: 12605: 12543: 12374: 12349: 12299: 12227: 12141: 11991: 11593: 11572: 11020: 10755: 10672: 10439: 9904: 9563: 9522: 9485: 9214: 8995: 8648: 8610: 8531: 8526: 8446: 8246: 8022: 7760: 7674: 6616: 6604: 5769: 4603:"Upheaval in the East; Soviet Congress Condemns '39 Pact That Led to Annexation of Baltics" 3621: 2557: 2553: 1737:

The total number deported in 1944–55 has been estimated at over half a million: 124,000 in

1258: 1186: 977: 915: 907: 899: 853: 573: 10918: 10107: 8628: 4928:

Damage caused by the Soviet Union in the Baltic States: International conference materials

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rudimentary state organs in exile in combination with the fundamental legal principle of

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Embassy of the Republic of Latvia in Copenhagen, 31 October 1999. Accessed 22 July 2013.

4011:

The White Book: Losses inflicted on the Estonian nation by occupation regimes. 1940–1991

2492:

The Baltic states' governments themselves, the United States and its courts of law, the

1807: 14274: 14070: 14055: 13980: 13960: 13955: 13940: 13787: 13535: 13287: 13171: 12925: 12828: 12813: 12725: 12715: 12690: 12685: 12450: 12404: 12319: 12304: 12247: 12063: 11986: 11862: 11753: 11743: 11265: 11025: 10795: 10790: 10702: 10667: 9382: 8979: 8814: 8698: 8643: 8451: 8391: 8179: 7924: 7191: 6225: 5570: 5126: 4399: 4357: 4173: 4049: 2956: 2573: 2422: 2396: 1876: 1820: 1792: 1630: 1603: 1500: 1396: 1102: 832:, made between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany in August 1939 before the outbreak of 746: 637: 447: 205: 13970: 13799: 11035: 10209: 8827: 7328:

Situation in Soviet occupied Estonia in 1955–1956. Manivald Räästas, Eduard Õun. 1956.

5353: 2391:

The Soviet Union and its successors have never paid reparations to the Baltic states.

1479:

The Nazi administration also conscripted Baltic nationals into the German armies. The

1162: 1004:

going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to

14287: 14140: 14085: 14060: 14015: 13945: 13920: 13885: 13875: 13844: 13731: 13615: 13585: 13322: 13312: 13226: 13120: 12965: 12680: 12477: 12334: 12287: 12185: 12136: 12110: 12088: 11928: 11908: 11852: 11840: 11654: 11489: 11427: 10785: 10760: 10423: 10366: 10244: 10189: 10097: 10092: 9888: 9761: 9700: 9490: 8516: 8441: 8079: 8073: 7739: 7669: 7273: 7250: 7216: 7195: 7157: 7124: 7091: 7058: 7025: 7004: 6998: 6971: 6926: 6890: 6869: 6863: 6841: 6810: 6777: 6756: 6737: 6667: 6655: 6540: 6511: 6289: 6089: 5999: 5866: 5823: 5796: 5746: 5686: 5651: 5389: 5310: 5302: 5241: 5191: 5159: 4981: 4939: 4754: 4707: 4498: 4403: 4361: 4316: 4189: 4179: 4142: 4106: 3804: 3777: 3724: 3690: 3586: 3548: 3515: 3472: 3429: 3387: 3195: 3182:"Soviet Colonialism in the Baltic States: A Note on the Nature of Modern Colonialism" 3146: 3106: 3064: 3010: 2909: 2816: 2581: 2561: 1880: 1856: 1748: 1708: 1536: 1457: 903: 845: 701: 568: 14264: 13935: 9751: 8396: 6131: 6021:"Opinion No. 193 (1996) on Russia's request for membership of the Council of Europe" 3203: 1803: 1542: 1438: 1166: 902:

maintains the claim that the incorporations of Baltic states was in accordance with

862:. In 1944, the Soviet Union recaptured most of the Baltic states as a result of the 373: 14050: 13975: 13905: 13890: 13870: 13817: 13600: 13595: 13575: 13525: 13515: 13342: 13307: 13292: 13241: 12970: 12910: 12750: 12409: 12389: 12098: 12040: 12034: 12001: 11981: 11971: 11820: 11621: 11613: 11231: 11226: 10851: 10350: 10239: 10234: 10133: 10102: 9756: 9558: 8436: 8406: 8324: 7774: 7691: 7621: 7609: 7586: 7183: 6636: 6081: 5991: 5847:

led to the forcible incorporation of the three Baltic states into the Soviet Union.

5715:. Flensburg Germany: European Centre for Minority Issues. p. 2. Archived from 5562: 5438: 4391: 4349: 4308: 4031: 3664: 3646: 3453:

led to the forcible incorporation of the three Baltic states into the Soviet Union.

3039: 2577: 2569: 2442:

for promoting Estonian language; restrictions of the usage of minority language in

2282: 2081: 2028: 1931: 1731: 1716: 1681: 1623: 1516: 1484: 1429: 1334: 1250: 1178: 1117: 1090: 867: 706: 607: 602: 553: 438: 10846: 10318: 7442: 6967:

Diplomats without a country: Baltic diplomacy, international law, and the Cold War

6530:

Opinion No. 193 (1996) on Russia's request for membership of the Council of Europe

4338:"The File on Operation 'Priboi': A Re-Assessment of the Mass Deportations of 1949" 4094: 2846:

The Baltic states proclaimed independence after the signing of the Armistice, and

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During the period of negotiations, Russia hoped to retain facilities such as the

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The Countries of the Former Soviet Union at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century

3250: 2407: 1727:, continued to resist Soviet rule through armed struggle for a number of years. 848:

did not recognise this annexation, and considered it illegal. In July 1941, the

14095: 14020: 14010: 14005: 13865: 13605: 13394: 13317: 13045: 12950: 12700: 12640: 12272: 12190: 12093: 12053: 12023: 11923: 11878: 11181: 10893: 10800: 10652: 10472: 10340: 10285: 10269: 9820: 9787: 9746: 9264: 9199: 8837: 8658: 8256: 7686: 7627: 7381: 7376: 6952: 6859: 5922: 5901: 5553: 4035: 2914: 2549: 2099:

The estimated human costs of the occupations are presented in the table below.

1935: 1904: 1884: 1768: 1615: 1588:

was set up as an underground organisation in 1943, but it was destroyed by the

1512: 1496: 1322: 1121: 1024: 973: 10467: 10328: 7713:

Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity

7339: 5039: 4395: 4353: 1966: 1595: 1145:

duly accepted the requests in August, thus sanctioning them under Soviet law.

14312: 14259: 14105: 14000: 13965: 13950: 13910: 13452: 13282: 13020: 12930: 12793: 12773: 12660: 12421: 12399: 12364: 11943: 11938: 11893: 11815: 11775: 11524: 11115: 10964: 10939: 10780: 10770: 10765: 10745: 10687: 10677: 10577: 10530: 10509: 10219: 10159: 10026: 9741: 9628: 9315: 9204: 8521: 8511: 8481: 8466: 8421: 7767: 7405: 7393: 7242: 6630: 5303:

Feldbrugge, Ferdinand; Gerard Pieter van den Berg; William B. Simons (1985).

4893: 4312: 4146: 3723:

The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by David J. Smith, Page 24,

3199: 2765: 2054: 2041: 1752: 1359: 1346: 1337:

ordered his forces to liquidate the ghettos and to transfer the survivors to

1283: 1125: 1078: 1027:

on 18 September. On 24 September, the Estonian foreign minister was given an

930: 837: 249: 10657: 10184: 9726: 6085: 5995: 4193: 3060:

Language Planning and Policy in Europe: The Baltic States, Ireland and Italy

3043: 1680:

The plan of deportations of the civilian population in Lithuania during the

1128:" governments were formed in each Baltic country, made up of Communists and 14045: 13995: 13925: 13915: 13769: 13757: 13744: 13550: 13377: 12878: 12126: 11976: 11835: 11830: 11825: 11531: 11371: 11045: 11015: 10856: 10821: 10750: 10735: 10697: 10662: 10249: 10214: 10138: 9825: 9721: 9684: 9581: 9169: 8536: 8381: 8326: 5770:Эстония и Прибалтика в составе СССР (1940–1991) в российской историографии 4830: 4130: 4002:

Estonian State Commission on Examination of Policies of Repression (2005).

2805: 1797: 1569: 1491:

partisans, the force self-disbanded. Its leaders were arrested and sent to

1420: 1350: 1209: 1174: 1005: 833: 818: 814: 642: 259: 254: 166: 153: 39: 9979: 6184:

Russia and its neighbors. Warring histories and historical responsibility.

1800:

dramatically. Lithuania also received immigration but on a smaller scale.

1703:

After reoccupying the Baltic states, the Soviets implemented a program of

1097:

and permit the entry of an unspecified number of Soviet troops. President

51: 14090: 13695: 13665: 13520: 13510: 13409: 13272: 13065: 12554: 12384: 12369: 12180: 12028: 11996: 11883: 11698: 11603: 11542: 11282: 10841: 10775: 10692: 10682: 10381: 10164: 10143: 9815: 9475: 8496: 8431: 7781: 7420: 6171:

Legal and Political Issues on the Continuity of the Republic of Lithuania

5678:

State building and military power in Russia and the new states of Eurasia

4034:, Peeter Kaasik (2006). "Destruction battalions in Estonia in 1941". In 2793: 2714: 2680:

The fascist governments were overthrown, and workers' governments formed.

2646: 2451: 1992: 1864: 1824: 1712: 1549:

Occupation and annexation of the Baltic states by the Soviet Union (1944)

1475:

parade through Riga before deploying to the Eastern Front. December 1943.

1270: 1170: 1138: 9209: 6640: 6229: 6222:{The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 6217: 5427:"The International Practice of the European Communities: Current Survey" 4307:. Studies in Rationality and Social Change. Cambridge University Press. 2952:

United States resolution on the 90th anniversary of the Latvian Republic

1879:. The Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic made the 1844: 13849: 13560: 13530: 13484: 13399: 13367: 13359: 13302: 12990: 12705: 12394: 12282: 11888: 11270: 11030: 10444: 10194: 9937: 9932: 9517: 8501: 8486: 8386: 8268: 8217: 8194: 8011:

indicate countries occupied while the Soviet Union was a member of the

7795: 6855: 2730:

the national-patriotic (национально-патриотическое), contends that the

2633: 2439: 1938:" in Latvia during January 1991. In August 1991, the hard-line members 1889: 1275: 1086: 798: 632: 182: 56:

A protest sign from the 1970s calling on the United Nations to abolish

12503: 6476:Олег Платонов. История русского народа в XX веке. Том 2. Available at 5574: 5551:

Saburova, Irina (1955). "The Soviet Occupation of the Baltic States".

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Martinus Nijhoff: 165–190. 2991: 2233:Killing of Jews from outside 1950:on 3 March 1991, alongside a 1779:(5% of prewar territory) and 1763:. After the war, the Soviets 1594:in 1945. In Estonia in 1941, 1216:German occupation (1941–1945) 1095:agree to the Soviet ultimatum 941: 842:Republics of the Soviet Union 828:began in June 1940 under the 14324:History of the Baltic states 13177:Fall of communism in Albania 13147:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 13096:Polish Round Table Agreement 12436:1968 Polish political crisis 12253:Eritrean War of Independence 12019:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 11914:East German uprising of 1953 11846:Chinese Communist Revolution 11511: 10387:Salaspils concentration camp 9018:Army Group Rear Area Command 8325:Administrative divisions in 7090:. AuthorHouse. p. 596. 6629:Mendeloff, David A. (1968). 5236:. In Crawford, James (ed.). 4491:Motyl, Alexander J. (2000). 4172:Mangulis, Visvaldis (1983). 4044:. Tallinn. pp. 469–493. 2850:invaded at the end of 1918. 2457:According to Israeli author 2372: 1961:collapse of the Soviet Union 1835:Restorations of independence 1812:Communist Party of Lithuania 1734:of 90,000 Baltic nationals. 1507:fighting,the defence of the 1257:On 22 June 1941 the Germans 854:invasion of the Soviet Union 840:were annexed as constituent 541:Soviet re-occupation in 1944 7: 14334:Soviet military occupations 14329:German military occupations 13051:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 12779:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 12524:Corrective Movement (Syria) 12488:New People's Army rebellion 12483:Sino-Soviet border conflict 12211:Angolan War of Independence 12074:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 11954:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 11599:Jamaican political conflict 11331:Baltic Council of Ministers 11251:Under Soviet rule (1944-91) 10583:Related articles by country 10460:Righteous Among the Nations 10032:Related articles by country 9925:Righteous Among the Nations 9634:Related articles by country 9400:Belgium and Northern France 9023:Belgium and Northern France 8159:Commercial Agreement (1940) 8154:Commercial Agreement (1939) 7521:Diplomatic treaties in 1939 7506:Soviet re-occupation (1944) 7333:Academic and media articles 7156:. Oxford University Press. 6594:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 6568:– via news.bbc.co.uk. 6255:Gerner & Hedlund (1993) 6243:Gerner & Hedlund (1993) 5789:Cole, Elizabeth A. (2007). 5630: 17 January 2006), 5623:Kolk and Kislyiy v. Estonia 4938:: E-forma. pp. 20–21. 3856:Gerner & Hedlund (1993) 3508:Cole, Elizabeth A. (2007). 3310:. Retrieved 1 January 2010. 3299:, B6-0215/2007, 21.5.2007; 2903: 2892: 2697:was petitioned accordingly. 2247:Killing of other civilians 1916:Soviet Constitution of 1977 1672:Resistance and deportations 1637:. The Soviets launched the 1610:, the Baltic states had no 1515:for Hill "93,4" and in the 1282:. The area was governed by 1083:Finnish Democratic Republic 921:The Baltic states regained 894:of the native population. 883:1944–1991 Soviet occupation 18:Occupation of Baltic states 10: 14540: 14344:Reichskommissariat Ostland 13247:Sino-Indian border dispute 13076:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 13006:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 12764:1976 Argentine coup d'état 12676:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 12626:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 12310:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 12278:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 11967:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 11734:Asian Relations Conference 11217:by the Soviet Union (1944) 11207:by the Soviet Union (1940) 10904:Lithuanian Security Police 10562:The Holocaust in Lithuania 10291:Reichskommissariat Ostland 9793:Reichskommissariat Ostland 8902:Civil Administration Areas 8507:Southern Hanover–Brunswick 7701:Research and investigation 7293: – Full text, English 5370:occupation of their lands. 5306:Encyclopedia of Soviet law 4884:Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 3676:, executed August 23, 1939 3622:The Weekly Crier (1999/10) 2896: 2839: 2832:historical consciousness. 2810:Lithuania–Russia relations 2695:Supreme Soviet of the USSR 2621: 2596: 2376: 1767:for the Baltic republics. 1660: 1635:on the border with Estonia 1546: 1280:Reichskommissariat Ostland 1241:The Holocaust in Lithuania 1230: 1219: 1054: 945: 859:Reichskommissariat Ostland 737:Lithuania–Russia relations 349:Mutual Assistance Treaties 14429:Estonia–Germany relations 14359:Jewish Lithuanian history 14283: 14232: 14154: 14131:William Appleman Williams 14076:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 13858: 13830: 13779: 13711: 13704: 13638: 13503: 13428: 13358: 13351: 13260: 13207: 13139: 12852: 12591:Bangladesh Liberation War 12581:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 12496: 12468:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 12456:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 12119: 11894:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 11871: 11581: 11519: 11451: 11405: 11364: 11318: 11290: 11279: 11169: 11122: 11074:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto 11054: 11001:HKP 562 forced labor camp 10993: 10952: 10927: 10886: 10879: 10814: 10726: 10633: 10626: 10568: 10502: 10486: 10458: 10432: 10416: 10395: 10359: 10304: 10278: 10152: 10116: 10075: 10017: 9951: 9923: 9897: 9881: 9860: 9834: 9801: 9780: 9714: 9693: 9677: 9619: 9551: 9510: 9503: 9468: 9428: 9392: 9379: 9359: 9273: 9117: 9110: 9082: 9008: 8988: 8963: 8900: 8889: 8855: 8788: 8772:North Brabant and Limburg 8767:South Holland and Zeeland 8762:North Holland and Utrecht 8757:Gelderland and Overijssel 8742: 8671: 8619: 8580: 8550: 8347: 8334: 8277: 8239: 8185:Soviet invasion of Poland 8172: 8141: 8093: 8060: 8006: 7971: 7960: 7852: 7789:The Chronicles of Melanie 7731: 7700: 7657: 7602: 7574:Massacres and repressions 7573: 7520: 7480: 7425:John Alma Johnny and Myra 7354:by Herbert W. Briggs. In 7084:Plakans, Andrejs (2007). 7057:(in Estonian). Tänapäev. 6925:. M. Nijhoff Publishers. 6809:. ABC-CLIO. p. 132. 6654:Mendeloff, David (2002). 6389:Soviet Information Bureau 6346:Soviet Information Bureau 6334:Great Soviet Encyclopedia 5859:Bugajski, Janusz (2004). 5425:Dehousse, Renaud (1993). 5385:International Law Reports 4809:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4727:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4687:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4675:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4660:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4648:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4636:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4590:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4578:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4566:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4554:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4542:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4530:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4479:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4464:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4452:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4396:10.1080/01629770200000071 4384:Journal of Baltic Studies 4354:10.1080/01629770100000191 4342:Journal of Baltic Studies 4289:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4270:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4222:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 4210:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3967:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3952:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3940:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3928:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3913:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3868:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3829:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3797:Robert van Voren (2011). 3755:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3743:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3709:Hiden & Salmon (1994) 3689:, RoutledgeCurzon, 2002, 3465:Bugajski, Janusz (2004). 3291:29 September 2018 at the 2781:newly elected parliaments 2738:Soviet-Russian historian 2607:ex injuria jus non oritur 2572:and the July–August 1945 2541:. On the other hand, the 2185:Extrajudicial executions 1940:attempted to take control 1529:Battle of Tannenberg Line 1021:Soviet invasion of Poland 1019:Following the end of the 870:, trapping the remaining 341:Soviet occupation in 1940 193:Reichskomissariat Ostland 172: 106: 98: 64: 49: 37: 14519:1945 in the Soviet Union 14514:1944 in the Soviet Union 14509:1943 in the Soviet Union 14504:1942 in the Soviet Union 14499:1941 in the Soviet Union 14469:1940 in the Soviet Union 14434:Germany–Latvia relations 14404:Politics of World War II 12906:1980 Turkish coup d'état 12741:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 12711:1978 Somali coup attempt 12671:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 12636:1973 Chilean coup d'état 12461:Revolutionary Government 12355:South African Border War 12147:1960 Turkish coup d'état 12064:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 11919:1953 Iranian coup d'état 11899:1952 Egyptian revolution 11418:Baltic Basketball League 11344:Air Surveillance Network 11011:Kauen concentration camp 11006:Kailis forced labor camp 10975:Ninth Fort November 1941 10346:Latvian Auxiliary Police 9613:The Holocaust in Estonia 9010:Military administrations 8542:Württemberg-Hohenzollern 8133:Gestapo–NKVD conferences 7581:Masļenki border incident 7564:Soviet–Lithuanian Treaty 7496:Soviet occupation (1940) 7430:11 November 2022 at the 7117:Rislakki, Jukka (2008). 7018:O'Connor, Kevin (2003). 6803:Frucht, Richard (2005). 6483:21 February 2020 at the 5681:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 4911:10 February 2023 at the 4889:10 February 2023 at the 4870:29 February 2012 at the 4853:The Jamestown Foundation 4313:10.1017/CBO9780511612725 4301:Petersen, Roger (2001). 3841:Turtola, Martti (2003). 3672:14 November 2014 at the 3228:The Occupation of Latvia 3099:Kavass, Igor I. (1972). 3005:Taagepera, Rein (1993). 2962: 2826:Russian Foreign Ministry 2452:undetermined citizenship 2446:; low level of minority 2276:Second Soviet Occupation 1697:Tauras military district 1493:Nazi concentration camps 1450:8th Estonian Rifle Corps 1259:invaded the Soviet Union 1233:The Holocaust in Estonia 960:, with later adjustments 836:. The three independent 727:Estonia–Russia relations 14349:Jewish Estonian history 13111:Fall of the Berlin Wall 13056:People Power Revolution 13041:Central American crisis 12981:1986 Black Sea incident 12631:1973 Afghan coup d'état 12529:Western Sahara conflict 12340:1966 Syrian coup d'état 12263:1963 Syrian coup d'état 12206:Portuguese Colonial War 12169:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 11934:1954 Syrian coup d'état 11811:Annexation of Hyderabad 11754:1947–1949 Palestine war 11395:Human Development Index 11232:Operation Priboi (1949) 11227:June deportation (1941) 10713:Franz Walter Stahlecker 10265:Franz Walter Stahlecker 10175:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler 10124:Jewish people of Latvia 10011:The Holocaust in Latvia 9964:Estonia in World War II 9772:Franz Walter Stahlecker 8226:Northern Sea Route Raid 8106:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 7546:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 7434:", a presentation from 7338:Mälksoo, Lauri (2000). 7150:Talmon, Stefan (1998). 6751:Bellamy, Chris (2007). 6704:1 December 2010 at the 6517:April 11, 2008, at the 6086:10.1163/221158903x00063 5996:10.1163/221158903x00063 5671:Parrott, Bruce (1995). 5013:ERR (5 November 2015). 4749:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 3382:Mälksoo, Lauri (2003). 3044:10.1163/221158903x00072 2867:Non-aggression treaties 2842:Baltic–Soviet relations 2812:would further improve. 2732:Molotov–Ribbentrop pact 2506:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 2166:Victims of repressions 2134:First Soviet Occupation 2055:54.688583°N 25.270556°E 1944:independence referendum 1791:The Soviets made large 1586:Latvian Central Council 1454:Battle of Velikiye Luki 1237:The Holocaust in Latvia 1069:enter the territory of 1047:starting October 1939. 966:Molotov–Ribbentrop pact 958:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 830:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 732:Latvia–Russia relations 327:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 280:Baltic–Soviet relations 14354:Jewish Latvian history 13405:Neoclassical economics 12916:Gulf of Sidra incident 12473:1969 Libyan revolution 12164:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 11949:1954 Geneva Conference 11709:Turkish straits crisis 11704:Corfu Channel incident 11423:Swimming Championships 11390:Gross regional product 10970:Kaunas 29 October 1941 9381: 9111:Puppet administrations 8915:Carinthia and Carniola 8582: 8357: 8349: 8329:and German occupations 8013:Allies of World War II 7747:Between Shades of Gray 7552:Soviet–Estonian Treaty 7528:German–Lithuanian Pact 7501:Nazi occupation (1941) 7284:The Shadow in the East 7051:Petrov, Pavel (2008). 6755:. Alfred a Knopf Inc. 6732:Aust, Anthony (2005). 6412:Cite journal requires 6369:Cite journal requires 5309:. Brill. p. 461. 4974:Pettai, Vello (2015). 4706:. Nomos. p. 567. 2975:(1940–1941; from 1944) 2821:occupied Baltic states 2777:Konstantin K. Khudoley 2418: 2387:Non-citizens (Estonia) 2068: 1927:proclaimed sovereignty 1907: 1848: 1815: 1700: 1688: 1684:created by the Soviet 1582:Provisional Government 1565: 1476: 1424: 1409:destruction battalions 1387: 1299: 1298:execution in Lithuania 1254: 1205: 1157:on 6 August 1940. The 1113: 1081:. Their model was the 1074: 961: 14255:Russia–NATO relations 14136:Jonathan Reed Winkler 13420:Democratic capitalism 13415:Supply-side economics 13383:American conservatism 13182:Breakup of Yugoslavia 13071:Bougainville conflict 12986:South Yemen civil war 12921:Martial law in Poland 12784:Nicaraguan Revolution 12759:Dirty War (Argentina) 12566:1971 JVP insurrection 12380:Years of Lead (Italy) 12258:North Yemen civil war 12176:Berlin Crisis of 1961 12152:Albanian–Soviet split 12084:1959 Tibetan uprising 12049:Syrian Crisis of 1957 11904:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 11764:1948 Arab–Israeli War 9803:Notable collaborators 8562:Reichsfestung Belgrad 8263:Falsifiers of History 8101:Relations before 1941 7558:Soviet–Latvian Treaty 5909:29 March 2016 at the 5201:. 23 September 2010. 5091:van Elsuwege, Peter. 3772:Buttar, Prit (2013). 3535:Quiley, John (2001). 2927:Occupations of Latvia 2921:Museum of Occupations 2707:Falsifiers of History 2693:were adopted and the 2630:Soviet historiography 2554:socialist revolutions 2539:constituent republics 2406: 2383:Non-citizens (Latvia) 2156:(9,400 died en route) 2141:June 1941 deportation 2026: 1999:Russian imperialism. 1930:became known as the " 1902: 1842: 1806: 1694: 1679: 1556: 1471: 1423:in the summer of 1943 1418: 1373: 1303:Nazi racial attitudes 1292: 1248: 1195: 1183:enemies of the people 1111: 1064: 955: 908:socialist revolutions 844:in August 1940. Most 752:Russians in Lithuania 14399:Communist repression 13676:Non-Aligned Movement 13298:Peaceful coexistence 13252:North Borneo dispute 13167:German reunification 13162:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 12860:Salvadoran Civil War 12809:Grand Mosque seizure 12804:Yemenite War of 1979 12696:Mozambican Civil War 12651:Carnation Revolution 12606:Yemenite War of 1972 12544:1970 Polish protests 12375:1967 Hong Kong riots 12350:Argentine Revolution 12300:Guatemalan Civil War 12228:Cuban Missile Crisis 12142:Bay of Pigs Invasion 12014:1956 Poznań protests 11992:Geneva Summit (1955) 11594:Hukbalahap Rebellion 11573:Non-Aligned Movement 10837:Bronislovas Paukštys 10756:Shmerke Kaczerginski 10673:Aleksandras Lileikis 10440:Einsatzgruppen trial 10230:Hans-Adolf Prützmann 9905:Einsatzgruppen trial 9564:Strength Through Joy 9523:Weather Station Kurt 9225:Norway (Quisling II) 8472:Munich–Upper Bavaria 8457:March of Brandenburg 8247:Operation Barbarossa 8123:Population transfers 7761:Nobody Wanted to Die 7534:German–Estonian Pact 7184:Tsygankov, Andrei P. 6617:Sergei Yastrzhembsky 6198:Gennady Charodeyev, 5913:, grani.ru, May 2005 5816:Combs, Dick (2008). 5722:on 23 September 2015 5541:at UK Foreign Office 5537:31 July 2003 at the 5449:on 27 September 2007 5232:Yaël, Ronen (2010). 4855:. 27 September 1995. 4848:3 March 2016 at the 4826:9 March 2021 at the 4609:. 25 December 1989. 4105:. pp. 409–423. 3422:Combs, Dick (2008). 3347:Documents on Estonia 2641:Soviet point of view 2558:government of Russia 2436:Integration strategy 2060:54.688583; 25.270556 1934:" in Lithuania and " 1853:period of stagnation 1810:, the leader of the 1765:outlined new borders 1629:By 1 March 1944 the 1612:governments in exile 1576:two days before the 1323:mobile killing units 978:spheres of influence 916:governments in exile 900:government of Russia 574:Lithuanian partisans 287:Non-aggression pacts 199:Soviet re-occupation 14409:Russians in Estonia 14121:Alex von Tunzelmann 14111:Vladimir Tismăneanu 14036:Thomas J. McCormick 14031:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 13931:Robert Hugh Ferrell 13794:Crusade for Freedom 13591:Illiberal democracy 13475:Ho Chi Minh Thought 13278:Eisenhower Doctrine 13131:Peaceful Revolution 13126:Romanian Revolution 13106:Revolutions of 1989 13091:1988 Polish strikes 13001:Operation INFEKTION 12996:1987 Lieyu massacre 12901:Eritrean Civil Wars 12884:Peruvian Revolution 12834:1979 Herat uprising 12824:Sino-Vietnamese War 12789:Uganda–Tanzania War 12769:Egyptian–Libyan War 12736:Third Indochina War 12731:Sino-Albanian split 12721:Ethiopian Civil War 12621:Eritrean Civil Wars 12561:Ping-pong diplomacy 12534:Cambodian Civil War 12360:Korean DMZ Conflict 12345:Cultural Revolution 12315:Dominican Civil War 12293:Tlatelolco massacre 12079:1959 Mosul uprising 12069:1958 Lebanon crisis 11796:Al-Wathbah uprising 11719:First Indochina War 11689:Iran crisis of 1946 11244:Diplomatic services 11187:United Baltic Duchy 11177:Territorial changes 10909:Rollkommando Hamann 10708:Rudolf Joachim Seck 10494:Bikernieki Memorial 10296:Rollkommando Hamann 10260:Rudolf Joachim Seck 10225:Friedrich Panzinger 10205:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 9835:Concentration camps 9767:Rudolf Joachim Seck 9732:Ernst Kaltenbrunner 9383:Reichskommissariats 9215:Norway (Quisling I) 9145:Chechnya-Ingushetia 8805:Bohemia and Moravia 8790:Partial annexations 8601:Danzig–West Prussia 8068:Anti-Comintern Pact 7628:October deportation 7540:German–Latvian Pact 7437:Destination Freedom 6666:. pp. 79–118. 6147:Van Elsuwgege, p378 5650:, Routledge, 2001, 5646:David James Smith, 4955:on 2 September 2023 4071:Alexander Statiev. 4020:on 14 January 2013. 3685:Christie, Kenneth, 3306:19 May 2015 at the 3297:European Parliament 2915:January 1991 events 2792:With the advent of 2754:Sergey Chernichenko 2574:Potsdam conferences 2516:, which holds that 2494:European Parliament 2423:permanent residents 2301:8,000 died en route 2293:3,000 died en route 2051: / 1995:through Lithuania. 1793:capital investments 1435:16th Rifle Division 1339:concentration camps 742:Russians in Estonia 658:Congress of Estonia 628:Territorial changes 406:People's Parliament 34: 14489:1940s in Lithuania 14275:Russian Revolution 14071:Mary Elise Sarotte 14056:William B. Pickett 13981:Patrick J. Hearden 13961:Gabriel Gorodetsky 13956:Timothy Garton Ash 13941:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 13536:Ethnic nationalism 13288:Hallstein Doctrine 13172:Yemeni unification 12961:1985 Geneva Summit 12926:Casamance conflict 12829:New Jewel Movement 12814:Iranian Revolution 12799:Chadian–Libyan War 12746:Cambodian conflict 12726:Lebanese Civil War 12716:Western Sahara War 12691:June 1976 protests 12686:Cambodian genocide 12451:17 July Revolution 12405:Nigerian Civil War 12320:Rhodesian Bush War 12305:Colombian conflict 12248:Ramadan Revolution 11987:Bandung Conference 11863:Operation Valuable 11744:Partition of India 11266:Singing Revolution 11026:Marcinkonys Ghetto 10832:Petronėlė Lastienė 10796:Yitzhak Wittenberg 10791:Elchonon Wasserman 10703:Adrian von Renteln 10668:Algirdas Klimaitis 10643:Algimantas Dailidė 9715:Major perpetrators 8815:General Government 8492:Schleswig-Holstein 8180:Invasion of Poland 8149:Economic relations 7947:Western Belorussia 7846:Soviet occupations 7409:, 14 December 1953 7192:Palgrave Macmillan 6612:2007-09-29 at the 6535:2011-05-07 at the 6294:www.oldgazette.org 6054:2009-04-01 at the 5930:2006-05-09 at the 5775:2018-10-17 at the 5127:Human rights watch 5072:. 21 November 2016 5070:Human Rights Watch 4607:The New York Times 4435:2013-06-01 at the 3776:. Bloomsbury USA. 3650:. 22 October 1999. 3627:2013-06-01 at the 3568:"Baltic article". 3233:2007-11-23 at the 3206:on 9 November 2021 2957:Welles Declaration 2704:The Stalin-edited 2419: 2397:Human Rights Watch 2069: 1952:similar referendum 1908: 1849: 1821:October Revolution 1816: 1732:a mass deportation 1701: 1689: 1631:siege of Leningrad 1600:National Committee 1566: 1501:Siege of Leningrad 1477: 1458:capture of Tallinn 1425: 1397:Geneva Conventions 1388: 1374:Victims of Soviet 1349:and 10 percent of 1300: 1255: 1206: 1114: 1103:Vladimir Dekanozov 1075: 962: 747:Russians in Latvia 638:Singing Revolution 448:Welles Declaration 206:Singing Revolution 81:Military presence: 32: 14306: 14305: 14293:List of conflicts 14141:Rudolph Winnacker 14086:Giles Scott-Smith 14061:Ronald E. Powaski 14016:Melvyn P. Leffler 13946:John Lewis Gaddis 13921:Robert D. English 13886:Warren H. Carroll 13876:Michael Beschloss 13845:Nuclear arms race 13826: 13825: 13732:Neues Deutschland 13634: 13633: 13616:White nationalism 13586:Liberal democracy 13323:Ulbricht Doctrine 13313:Brezhnev Doctrine 13121:Velvet Revolution 12865:Soviet–Afghan War 12681:Angolan Civil War 12478:Goulash Communism 12335:ASEAN Declaration 12288:Mexican Dirty War 12186:Annexation of Goa 12137:1960 U-2 incident 12111:Sino-Soviet split 12089:Laotian Civil War 11929:Bricker Amendment 11909:Mau Mau rebellion 11853:Malayan Emergency 11841:Chinese Civil War 11801:Tito–Stalin split 11655:Division of Korea 11479: 11478: 11428:Baltic Chain Tour 11303:tallest buildings 11082: 11081: 11041:Švenčionys Ghetto 10948: 10947: 10919:Ypatingasis būrys 10875: 10874: 10786:Abraham Sutzkever 10761:Zelig Kalmanovich 10634:Perpetrators and 10528: 10527: 10424:Sonderaktion 1005 10367:Daugavpils Ghetto 10360:Ghettos and camps 10245:Martin Sandberger 10190:Friedrich Jeckeln 9977: 9976: 9889:Sonderaktion 1005 9762:Martin Sandberger 9701:Zelig Kalmanovich 9694:Prominent victims 9579: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9499: 9498: 9469:Other occupations 9464: 9463: 9375: 9374: 9090:Adriatic Littoral 9083:Operational Zones 9004: 9003: 8885: 8884: 8881: 8880: 8851: 8850: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8667: 8666: 8576: 8575: 8292: 8291: 8080:Spanish Civil War 8074:Jewish Bolshevism 8020: 8019: 7812: 7811: 7740:Ashes in the Snow 7708:Kersten Committee 7622:March deportation 7389:The Steel Curtain 7362:Alfred Erich Senn 6773:A Study of Crisis 6458:on 27 August 2009 5359:on 19 August 2012 4945:978-9934-8363-1-2 3570:The World & I 2910:Kersten Committee 2817:Council of Europe 2582:Council of Europe 2562:international law 2476:became an issue. 2440:punitive approach 2414:, in independent 2370: 2369: 2128:2,575,400 (1938) 2125:1,905,000 (1935) 2122:1,126,413 (1934) 2082:economic migrants 1881:Estonian language 1857:Mikhail Gorbachev 1814:from 1940 to 1974 1749:Nikita Khrushchev 1709:industrialisation 1558:Lithuanian rebels 1517:defence of Berlin 1473:Latvian SS-Legion 1430:June deportations 1393:international law 1179:mass deportations 1153:on 5 August, and 980:". In the north, 904:international law 846:Western countries 791: 790: 702:Kersten Committee 590:Under Soviet rule 569:Latvian partisans 462:German occupation 365:Soviet-Lithuanian 318:German–Lithuanian 303:Soviet–Lithuanian 229:Occupation of the 214: 213: 189:German occupation 179:Soviet occupation 16:(Redirected from 14531: 14479:1940s in Estonia 14474:1940s in Belarus 14051:David S. Painter 13976:John Earl Haynes 13906:Nicholas J. Cull 13891:Adrian Cioroianu 13871:Thomas A. Bailey 13818:Voice of America 13709: 13708: 13621:White separatism 13601:Social democracy 13596:Guided democracy 13576:Authoritarianism 13526:Ultranationalism 13516:Anti-imperialism 13443:Marxism–Leninism 13356: 13355: 13343:Kinmen Agreement 13308:Johnson Doctrine 13293:Kennedy Doctrine 13209:Frozen conflicts 13192:1991 August Coup 13081:Afghan Civil War 12976:Reykjavík Summit 12971:Somali Rebellion 12911:Ugandan Bush War 12889:Gdańsk Agreement 12410:Protests of 1968 12390:War of Attrition 12099:Cuban Revolution 12035:We will bury you 12002:Cyprus Emergency 11982:Kashmir Princess 11972:Jebel Akhdar War 11821:Western betrayal 11506: 11499: 11492: 11483: 11482: 11469: 11468: 11459: 11458: 11377:Busiest airports 11285: 11239:State continuity 11159: 11157: 11156: 11146: 11144: 11143: 11133: 11131: 11130: 11109: 11102: 11095: 11086: 11085: 10965:Kaunas June 1941 10884: 10883: 10631: 10630: 10584: 10574: 10555: 10548: 10541: 10532: 10531: 10503:Related articles 10351:Schutzmannschaft 10337: 10315: 10255:Walther Schröder 10240:Alfred Rosenberg 10235:Eduard Roschmann 10134:Joseph Carlebach 10088:Dünamünde Action 10033: 10023: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9981: 9980: 9952:Related articles 9757:Alfred Rosenberg 9635: 9625: 9606: 9599: 9592: 9583: 9582: 9508: 9507: 9390: 9389: 9386: 9115: 9114: 9102:Alpine Foothills 8970: 8969: 8920:Gebiet Bialystok 8898: 8897: 8811: 8810: 8795: 8794: 8740: 8739: 8654:Tyrol–Vorarlberg 8617: 8616: 8591: 8590: 8587: 8532:Westphalia-South 8527:Westphalia-North 8447:Magdeburg-Anhalt 8367: 8366: 8362: 8354: 8345: 8344: 8319: 8312: 8305: 8296: 8295: 8061:Prior antagonism 8047: 8040: 8033: 8024: 8023: 7966: 7839: 7832: 7825: 7816: 7815: 7775:In the Crosswind 7754:Dangerous Summer 7692:Operation Jungle 7658:Armed resistance 7610:June deportation 7587:Rainiai massacre 7511:State continuity 7467: 7460: 7453: 7444: 7443: 7260: 7238: 7236: 7234: 7205: 7190:(1st ed.). 7179: 7177: 7175: 7146: 7144: 7142: 7113: 7111: 7109: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7014: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6960: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6879: 6851: 6832: 6830: 6828: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6766: 6747: 6718: 6715: 6709: 6696: 6690: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6626: 6620: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6550: 6544: 6527: 6521: 6509: 6503: 6493: 6487: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6454:. Archived from 6447: 6441: 6438: 6432: 6428: 6422: 6421: 6415: 6410: 6408: 6400: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6372: 6367: 6365: 6357: 6342: 6336: 6331: 6325: 6324: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6286: 6280: 6279: 6267: 6258: 6252: 6246: 6240: 6234: 6233: 6213: 6207: 6196: 6190: 6180: 6174: 6167: 6161: 6154: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6138: 6137:on 22 July 2011. 6136: 6130:. Archived from 6129: 6121: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6065: 6059: 6046: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6032: 6016: 6010: 6009: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5961: 5955: 5945: 5939: 5920: 5914: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5886: 5884: 5856: 5850: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5786: 5780: 5762: 5753: 5742: 5736: 5735: 5729: 5727: 5721: 5714: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5668: 5659: 5644: 5635: 5625: 5618: 5612: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5548: 5542: 5529: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5465: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5454: 5445:. Archived from 5422: 5416: 5415: 5409: 5407: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5358: 5352:. 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Archived from 4933: 4922: 4916: 4903: 4897: 4881: 4875: 4862: 4856: 4840: 4834: 4818: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4797: 4788: 4785: 4779: 4776: 4765: 4764: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4717: 4699: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4663: 4657: 4651: 4645: 4639: 4633: 4627: 4626: 4620: 4618: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4581: 4575: 4569: 4563: 4557: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4533: 4527: 4521: 4520: 4518: 4516: 4488: 4482: 4476: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4440: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4390:(2): 241. 2002. 4377: 4375: 4373: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4298: 4292: 4286: 4273: 4267: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4198: 4197: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4160: 4158: 4126: 4117: 4116: 4091: 4085: 4082: 4076: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4045: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4008: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3981: 3970: 3964: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3916: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3815: 3814: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3769: 3758: 3752: 3746: 3740: 3731: 3721: 3712: 3706: 3697: 3683: 3677: 3662: 3651: 3647:The Moscow Times 3638: 3632: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3577: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3505: 3499: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3449: 3447: 3419: 3413: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3379: 3370: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3360:on 30 March 2014 3359: 3344: 3336: 3325: 3320: 3311: 3301:passed 24.5.2007 3283: 3274: 3273: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3238: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3211: 3202:. Archived from 3177: 3171: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3156: 3138: 3132: 3131: 3126: 3124: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3084: 3082: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3027: 3021: 3020: 3002: 2985: 2982: 2976: 2973: 2848:Bolshevik Russia 2748: 2578:Helsinki Accords 2576:and by the 1975 2467: 2283:Operation Priboi 2148:(2,409 executed) 2102: 2101: 2066: 2065: 2063: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2052: 2049: 2048: 2047: 2044: 2029:Gediminas Avenue 1979:naval base, the 1932:Vilnius massacre 1808:Antanas Sniečkus 1717:collectivisation 1682:Operation Priboi 1639:Baltic Offensive 1624:Yalta conference 1335:Heinrich Himmler 1251:Rainiai massacre 1134:rigged elections 1130:fellow travelers 1118:Andrey Vyshinsky 1065:Soldiers of the 912:Baltic Legations 868:Baltic Offensive 838:Baltic countries 797:was a period of 783: 776: 769: 707:Helsinki Accords 672:State continuity 608:Operation Jungle 603:Operation Priboi 554:Baltic offensive 439:June deportation 241: 216: 215: 165: 163: 162: 156: 152: 150: 149: 139: 137: 136: 128: 126: 125: 117: 115: 114: 94: 92: 88: 79: 77: 73: 54: 35: 31: 21: 14539: 14538: 14534: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14529: 14528: 14494:1941 in Germany 14484:1940s in Latvia 14309: 14308: 14307: 14302: 14279: 14270:Second Cold War 14228: 14156: 14150: 14126:Odd Arne Westad 14116:Patrick Vaughan 14101:Athan Theoharis 14081:Ellen Schrecker 14066:Yakov M. Rabkin 14041:Timothy Naftali 13986:Tvrtko Jakovina 13971:Jussi Hanhimäki 13854: 13832: 13822: 13800:Paix et Liberté 13775: 13719:Active measures 13700: 13630: 13611:White supremacy 13571:Totalitarianism 13499: 13424: 13347: 13333:Reagan Doctrine 13328:Carter Doctrine 13268:Truman Doctrine 13256: 13203: 13135: 13030:Soviet reaction 12941:Ndogboyosoi War 12848: 12819:Saur Revolution 12646:1973 oil crisis 12611:Munich massacre 12519:Alcora Exercise 12514:Black September 12492: 12238:Sino-Indian War 12132:Simba rebellion 12115: 11959:Capture of the 11867: 11806:Berlin Blockade 11739:May 1947 crises 11729:Truman Doctrine 11694:Greek Civil War 11683:Blacklist Forty 11650:Gouzenko Affair 11637:Cursed soldiers 11589:Morgenthau Plan 11577: 11515: 11510: 11480: 11475: 11447: 11401: 11360: 11349:Defence College 11326:Baltic Assembly 11314: 11286: 11277: 11212:by Nazi Germany 11165: 11154: 11152: 11141: 11139: 11128: 11126: 11118: 11113: 11083: 11078: 11050: 11036:Šiauliai Ghetto 11021:Lukiškės Prison 10989: 10944: 10923: 10871: 10867:Jan Zwartendijk 10862:Chiune Sugihara 10810: 10806:Wolf Durmashkin 10741:Alexander Bogen 10728: 10722: 10648:Erich Ehrlinger 10635: 10622: 10582: 10572: 10564: 10559: 10529: 10524: 10498: 10482: 10454: 10428: 10412: 10403:Generalplan Ost 10391: 10355: 10335: 10324:Herberts Cukurs 10313: 10300: 10274: 10210:Wolfgang Kügler 10180:Erich Ehrlinger 10148: 10112: 10108:Liepāja (Šķēde) 10071: 10031: 10021: 10013: 10008: 9978: 9973: 9947: 9943:Polina Lentsman 9919: 9893: 9877: 9856: 9830: 9811:Aleksander Laak 9797: 9776: 9737:Aleksander Laak 9710: 9706:Wolf Durmashkin 9689: 9673: 9633: 9623: 9615: 9610: 9580: 9571: 9567:holiday resorts 9547: 9495: 9460: 9424: 9371: 9355: 9269: 9106: 9078: 9000: 8984: 8959: 8892: 8877: 8847: 8809: 8776: 8738: 8663: 8615: 8572: 8546: 8427:Halle-Merseburg 8412:Electoral Hesse 8402:Eastern Hanover 8339: 8337: 8330: 8323: 8293: 8288: 8273: 8235: 8168: 8137: 8089: 8056: 8051: 8021: 8016: 8002: 7967: 7958: 7942:Western Ukraine 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In addition, 1368: 1355:Lithuanian Jews 1327:Einsatzgruppe A 1295:Einsatzkommando 1243: 1229: 1224: 1218: 1171:the Tver region 1163:Konstantin Päts 1099:Antanas Smetona 1059: 1053: 950: 944: 876:Courland Pocket 787: 758: 757: 756: 721: 713: 712: 711: 674: 664: 663: 662: 592: 582: 581: 580: 559:Courland Pocket 549:Battle of Narva 543: 533: 532: 531: 509: 487: 464: 454: 453: 452: 420: 383: 355:Soviet–Estonian 351: 343: 333: 332: 331: 308:German–Estonian 293:Soviet–Estonian 289: 274: 264: 230: 160: 158: 157: 147: 145: 143: 134: 132: 123: 121: 112: 110: 90: 86: 84: 75: 71: 69: 60: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14537: 14527: 14526: 14521: 14516: 14511: 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14456: 14451: 14446: 14441: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14376: 14371: 14366: 14361: 14356: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14336: 14331: 14326: 14321: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14300: 14295: 14290: 14284: 14281: 14280: 14278: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14236: 14234: 14230: 14229: 14227: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14160: 14158: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14148: 14143: 14138: 14133: 14128: 14123: 14118: 14113: 14108: 14103: 14098: 14096:Timothy Snyder 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14053: 14048: 14043: 14038: 14033: 14028: 14026:Vojtech Mastny 14023: 14021:Geir Lundestad 14018: 14013: 14011:Walter Laqueur 14008: 14006:Walter LaFeber 14003: 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13978: 13973: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13953: 13948: 13943: 13938: 13936:André Fontaine 13933: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13866:Gar Alperovitz 13862: 13860: 13856: 13855: 13853: 13852: 13847: 13842: 13836: 13834: 13828: 13827: 13824: 13823: 13821: 13820: 13815: 13809: 13808: 13803: 13796: 13791: 13783: 13781: 13777: 13776: 13774: 13773: 13766: 13761: 13754: 13747: 13742: 13735: 13728: 13721: 13715: 13713: 13706: 13702: 13701: 13699: 13698: 13693: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13642: 13640: 13636: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13629: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13606:Third-Worldism 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13507: 13505: 13501: 13500: 13498: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13482: 13477: 13472: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13450: 13445: 13440: 13434: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13407: 13402: 13397: 13395:Libertarianism 13392: 13387: 13386: 13385: 13375: 13373:Chicago school 13370: 13364: 13362: 13353: 13349: 13348: 13346: 13345: 13340: 13335: 13330: 13325: 13320: 13318:Nixon Doctrine 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13290: 13285: 13280: 13275: 13270: 13264: 13262: 13261:Foreign policy 13258: 13257: 13255: 13254: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13234: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13213: 13211: 13205: 13204: 13202: 13201: 13196: 13195: 13194: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13143: 13141: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13046:Operation RYAN 13043: 13038: 13033: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12951:Able Archer 83 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12897: 12896: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12867: 12862: 12856: 12854: 12850: 12849: 12847: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12723: 12718: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12701:Oromo conflict 12698: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12673: 12668: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12648: 12643: 12641:Yom Kippur War 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12613: 12608: 12603: 12598: 12593: 12588: 12583: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12551: 12546: 12541: 12536: 12531: 12526: 12521: 12516: 12511: 12506: 12500: 12498: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12464: 12463: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12424: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12296: 12295: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12273:Aden Emergency 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12224: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12203: 12198: 12193: 12191:Papua conflict 12188: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12172: 12171: 12161: 12160: 12159: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12123: 12121: 12117: 12116: 12114: 12113: 12108: 12107: 12106: 12096: 12094:Kitchen Debate 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12056: 12054:Sputnik crisis 12051: 12046: 12038: 12031: 12026: 12024:Polish October 12021: 12016: 12011: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11956: 11951: 11946: 11941: 11936: 11931: 11926: 11924:Pact of Madrid 11921: 11916: 11911: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11879:Bamboo Curtain 11875: 11873: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11865: 11860: 11855: 11850: 11849: 11848: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11783: 11778: 11773: 11772: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11751: 11746: 11741: 11736: 11731: 11726: 11721: 11716: 11711: 11706: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11678: 11670: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11639: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11627: 11619: 11606: 11601: 11596: 11591: 11585: 11583: 11579: 11578: 11576: 11575: 11570: 11565: 11560: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11528: 11520: 11517: 11516: 11509: 11508: 11501: 11494: 11486: 11477: 11476: 11474: 11473: 11463: 11452: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11444: 11443: 11438: 11430: 11425: 11420: 11415: 11409: 11407: 11403: 11402: 11400: 11399: 11398: 11397: 11392: 11384: 11382:Housing bubble 11379: 11374: 11368: 11366: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11358: 11357: 11356: 11354:Naval Squadron 11351: 11346: 11341: 11333: 11328: 11322: 11320: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11312: 11310:National parks 11307: 11306: 11305: 11298:Largest cities 11294: 11292: 11288: 11287: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11248: 11247: 11246: 11236: 11235: 11234: 11229: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11189: 11184: 11182:Baltic Entente 11179: 11173: 11171: 11167: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11150: 11137: 11123: 11120: 11119: 11112: 11111: 11104: 11097: 11089: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10997: 10995: 10991: 10990: 10988: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10972: 10967: 10962: 10956: 10954: 10950: 10949: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10942: 10937: 10931: 10929: 10925: 10924: 10922: 10921: 10916: 10914:TDA battalions 10911: 10906: 10901: 10896: 10894:Einsatzgruppen 10890: 10888: 10881: 10877: 10876: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10827:Anna Borkowska 10824: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10808: 10803: 10801:Jacob Wygodzki 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10732: 10730: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10720: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10700: 10695: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10653:Joachim Hamann 10650: 10645: 10639: 10637: 10628: 10624: 10623: 10621: 10620: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10558: 10557: 10550: 10543: 10535: 10526: 10525: 10523: 10522: 10517: 10512: 10506: 10504: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10490: 10488: 10484: 10483: 10481: 10480: 10475: 10473:Paul Schiemann 10470: 10464: 10462: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10426: 10420: 10418: 10414: 10413: 10411: 10410: 10405: 10399: 10397: 10393: 10392: 10390: 10389: 10384: 10379: 10374: 10369: 10363: 10361: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10341:Arajs Kommando 10338: 10332: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10310: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10286:Einsatzgruppen 10282: 10280: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10272: 10270:Eduard Strauch 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10222: 10217: 10212: 10207: 10202: 10200:Konrāds Kalējs 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10170:Fritz Dietrich 10167: 10162: 10156: 10154: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10079: 10077: 10073: 10072: 10070: 10069: 10064: 10059: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10018: 10015: 10014: 10007: 10006: 9999: 9992: 9984: 9975: 9974: 9972: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9955: 9953: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9940: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9921: 9920: 9918: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9901: 9899: 9895: 9894: 9892: 9891: 9885: 9883: 9879: 9878: 9876: 9875: 9870: 9864: 9862: 9858: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9838: 9836: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9823: 9821:Ain-Ervin Mere 9818: 9813: 9807: 9805: 9799: 9798: 9796: 9795: 9790: 9788:Einsatzgruppen 9784: 9782: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9752:Hinrich Möller 9749: 9747:Ain-Ervin Mere 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9718: 9716: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9697: 9695: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9687: 9681: 9679: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9620: 9617: 9616: 9609: 9608: 9601: 9594: 9586: 9577: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9570: 9569: 9561: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9514: 9512: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9483: 9478: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9432: 9430: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9396: 9394: 9387: 9377: 9376: 9373: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9363: 9361: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9277: 9275: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9265:Zuyev Republic 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9155:Czechoslovakia 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9121: 9119: 9112: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9086: 9084: 9080: 9079: 9077: 9076: 9075: 9074: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9030: 9025: 9020: 9014: 9012: 9006: 9005: 9002: 9001: 8999: 8998: 8992: 8990: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8976: 8974: 8967: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8906: 8904: 8895: 8887: 8886: 8883: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8859: 8857: 8853: 8852: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8819: 8817: 8808: 8807: 8801: 8799: 8792: 8786: 8785: 8782: 8781: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8748: 8746: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8675: 8673: 8669: 8668: 8665: 8664: 8662: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8625: 8623: 8614: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8597: 8595: 8588: 8578: 8577: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8452:Main Franconia 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8392:Cologne–Aachen 8389: 8384: 8379: 8373: 8371: 8364: 8342: 8336:Administrative 8332: 8331: 8322: 8321: 8314: 8307: 8299: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8278: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8259: 8257:Katyń massacre 8254: 8249: 8243: 8241: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8233: 8228: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205:Naval cruiser 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8176: 8174: 8170: 8169: 8167: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8114: 8113: 8103: 8097: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8070: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8057: 8050: 8049: 8042: 8035: 8027: 8018: 8017: 8007: 8004: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7988: 7981: 7975: 7973: 7969: 7968: 7961: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7934: 7929: 7928: 7927: 7915: 7910: 7909: 7908: 7906:Transcarpathia 7901:Czechoslovakia 7898: 7891: 7886: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7864: 7856: 7854: 7850: 7849: 7842: 7841: 7834: 7827: 7819: 7810: 7809: 7807: 7806: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7735: 7733: 7729: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7704: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7695: 7694: 7689: 7687:Latvian Legion 7684: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7661: 7659: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7651: 7650: 7649: 7647:from Lithuania 7644: 7639: 7631: 7625: 7619: 7613: 7606: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7597: 7596: 7590: 7584: 7577: 7575: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7567: 7561: 7555: 7554:(28 September) 7549: 7543: 7537: 7531: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7482: 7481: 7478: 7477: 7470: 7469: 7462: 7455: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7415: 7414:External links 7412: 7411: 7410: 7398: 7386: 7382:Russian Review 7377:Irina Saburova 7370: 7359: 7349: 7348:69.3, 289–316. 7334: 7331: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7315: 7307: 7302: 7294: 7286: 7280: 7278:978-1138612945 7267: 7264: 7262: 7261: 7255: 7243:Ziemele, Ineta 7239: 7222:978-0801849695 7221: 7206: 7201:978-0230614185 7200: 7180: 7163:978-0198265733 7162: 7147: 7130:978-9042024243 7129: 7114: 7097:978-1434315731 7096: 7081: 7064:978-9985626313 7063: 7048: 7031:978-0313323553 7030: 7015: 7009: 6994: 6976: 6961: 6949: 6931: 6917:Mälksoo, Lauri 6913: 6896:978-0415371001 6895: 6880: 6874: 6852: 6847:978-0415075701 6846: 6833: 6816:978-1576078006 6815: 6800: 6783:978-0472108060 6782: 6767: 6762:978-0375410864 6761: 6748: 6743:978-0521530347 6742: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6720: 6719: 6710: 6691: 6673:978-0700715992 6672: 6646: 6621: 6597: 6582:. 7 May 2005. 6571: 6556:. 5 May 2005. 6545: 6522: 6504: 6488: 6469: 6442: 6433: 6423: 6414:|journal= 6380: 6371:|journal= 6337: 6326: 6311: 6281: 6259: 6247: 6235: 6208: 6191: 6175: 6162: 6160:(1968), 383–91 6149: 6140: 6113: 6095:978-9004137462 6094: 6060: 6038: 6011: 6005:978-9004137462 6004: 5970: 5967:. 6 July 2020. 5956: 5940: 5915: 5894: 5871: 5851: 5829:978-0271033556 5828: 5808: 5802:978-0742551435 5801: 5781: 5754: 5751:978-9004137462 5737: 5698: 5691: 5660: 5636: 5613: 5580: 5567:10.2307/126075 5554:Russian Review 5543: 5524: 5491: 5460: 5417: 5394: 5374: 5337: 5315: 5295: 5265: 5247:978-0199580392 5246: 5219: 5183: 5165:978-0822318026 5164: 5144: 5114: 5099:. p. 54. 5083: 5057: 5031: 5005: 4987:978-1107049499 4986: 4966: 4944: 4917: 4898: 4876: 4857: 4835: 4813: 4801: 4789: 4780: 4766: 4759: 4731: 4719: 4713:978-3832956097 4712: 4691: 4679: 4664: 4652: 4640: 4628: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4558: 4546: 4534: 4522: 4503: 4483: 4468: 4456: 4441: 4439:, paragraph 14 4421: 4328: 4321: 4293: 4274: 4262: 4258:Bellamy (2007) 4250: 4246:Bellamy (2007) 4238: 4234:Bellamy (2007) 4226: 4214: 4199: 4184: 4164: 4118: 4111: 4095:Bubnys, Arūnas 4086: 4077: 4061: 4023: 4004:"Human Losses" 3991: 3971: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3917: 3902: 3885:britannica.com 3872: 3860: 3848: 3833: 3816: 3809: 3789: 3783:978-1780961637 3782: 3774:Between Giants 3759: 3747: 3732: 3713: 3698: 3678: 3652: 3633: 3614: 3600: 3598: 3597: 3592:978-0739105337 3591: 3560: 3553: 3527: 3521:978-0742551435 3520: 3500: 3477: 3457: 3435:978-0271033556 3434: 3414: 3399: 3392: 3371: 3326: 3312: 3275: 3239: 3217: 3172: 3169:. 6 July 2020. 3158: 3152:978-0198604464 3151: 3133: 3112:978-0930342418 3111: 3105:. W. S. Hein. 3091: 3070:978-1847690289 3069: 3049: 3022: 3016:978-0813311999 3015: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2977: 2967: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2960: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2897:Main article: 2894: 2891: 2890: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2862:Peace treaties 2840:Main article: 2837: 2834: 2789: 2786: 2722: 2719: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2658: 2642: 2639: 2622:Main article: 2619: 2616: 2597:Main article: 2594: 2591: 2550:historiography 2489: 2486: 2448:representation 2374: 2371: 2368: 2367: 2364: 2356: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2329: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2304: 2296: 2288: 2279: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2261:Forced labour 2258: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2244: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2229: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2182: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2151: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2105:Period/action 2020: 2017: 1968: 1965: 1936:The Barricades 1905:January Events 1885:state language 1847:, January 1990 1836: 1833: 1788: 1785: 1719:or support of 1673: 1670: 1658: 1655: 1616:Katyn massacre 1547:Main article: 1544: 1541: 1513:Velikaya River 1497:Latvian Legion 1465: 1462: 1439:Adolfas Urbšas 1367: 1364: 1360:puppet regimes 1228: 1225: 1220:Main article: 1217: 1214: 1189:a week later. 1167:Kārlis Ulmanis 1122:Andrey Zhdanov 1091:invaded France 1079:puppet regimes 1055:Main article: 1052: 1049: 1043:and 20,000 in 974:Eastern Europe 946:Main article: 943: 940: 789: 788: 786: 785: 778: 771: 763: 760: 759: 755: 754: 749: 744: 739: 734: 729: 723: 722: 719: 718: 715: 714: 710: 709: 704: 699: 698: 697: 692: 687: 676: 675: 670: 669: 666: 665: 661: 660: 655: 650: 645: 640: 635: 630: 625: 623:Lithuanian SSR 620: 615: 610: 605: 600: 594: 593: 588: 587: 584: 583: 579: 578: 577: 576: 571: 561: 556: 551: 545: 544: 539: 538: 535: 534: 530: 529: 524: 519: 513: 508: 507: 502: 497: 491: 486: 485: 480: 475: 469: 465: 460: 459: 456: 455: 451: 450: 444: 443: 442: 441: 436: 434:from Lithuania 431: 426: 414: 413: 408: 402: 401: 400: 399: 394: 389: 377: 376: 374:Orzeł incident 370: 369: 368: 367: 362: 360:Soviet-Latvian 357: 345: 344: 339: 338: 335: 334: 330: 329: 323: 322: 321: 320: 315: 313:German–Latvian 310: 305: 300: 298:Soviet–Latvian 295: 283: 282: 276: 275: 270: 269: 266: 265: 263: 262: 257: 252: 246: 243: 242: 234: 233: 225: 224: 212: 211: 210: 209: 202: 196: 186: 174: 170: 169: 108: 104: 103: 100: 96: 95: 66: 62: 61: 55: 47: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14536: 14525: 14522: 14520: 14517: 14515: 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14450: 14447: 14445: 14442: 14440: 14437: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14400: 14397: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14380: 14377: 14375: 14372: 14370: 14367: 14365: 14362: 14360: 14357: 14355: 14352: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14335: 14332: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14320: 14317: 14316: 14314: 14299: 14296: 14294: 14291: 14289: 14286: 14285: 14282: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14260:War on terror 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14235: 14231: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14161: 14159: 14155:Espionage and 14153: 14147: 14144: 14142: 14139: 14137: 14134: 14132: 14129: 14127: 14124: 14122: 14119: 14117: 14114: 14112: 14109: 14107: 14106:Andrew Thorpe 14104: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14042: 14039: 14037: 14034: 14032: 14029: 14027: 14024: 14022: 14019: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14002: 14001:Gabriel Kolko 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13979: 13977: 13974: 13972: 13969: 13967: 13966:Fred Halliday 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13951:Lloyd Gardner 13949: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13912: 13911:Norman Davies 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13896:John Costello 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13863: 13861: 13857: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13837: 13835: 13831:Technological 13829: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13810: 13807: 13804: 13802: 13801: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13789: 13785: 13784: 13782: 13778: 13772: 13771: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13759: 13755: 13753: 13752: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13740: 13736: 13734: 13733: 13729: 13727: 13726: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13716: 13714: 13712:Pro-communist 13710: 13707: 13703: 13697: 13694: 13692: 13689: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13639:Organizations 13637: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13508: 13506: 13502: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13486: 13483: 13481: 13478: 13476: 13473: 13471: 13470: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13454: 13453:Eurocommunism 13451: 13449: 13446: 13444: 13441: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13431: 13427: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13413: 13411: 13408: 13406: 13403: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13393: 13391: 13388: 13384: 13381: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13374: 13371: 13369: 13366: 13365: 13363: 13361: 13357: 13354: 13350: 13344: 13341: 13339: 13336: 13334: 13331: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13319: 13316: 13314: 13311: 13309: 13306: 13304: 13301: 13299: 13296: 13294: 13291: 13289: 13286: 13284: 13283:Domino theory 13281: 13279: 13276: 13274: 13271: 13269: 13266: 13265: 13263: 13259: 13253: 13250: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13237:South Ossetia 13235: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13212: 13210: 13206: 13200: 13197: 13193: 13190: 13189: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13144: 13142: 13138: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13031: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13021:8888 Uprising 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12966:Iran–Iraq War 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12931:Falklands War 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12895: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12887: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12851: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12794:NDF Rebellion 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12774:German Autumn 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12754: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12717: 12714: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12677: 12674: 12672: 12669: 12667: 12664: 12662: 12661:Metapolitefsi 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12602: 12599: 12597: 12594: 12592: 12589: 12587: 12584: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12557: 12556: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12505: 12502: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12489: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12430: 12425: 12423: 12422:Prague Spring 12420: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12400:Al-Wadiah War 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12365:12-3 incident 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12294: 12291: 12290: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12226: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12208: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12192: 12189: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12170: 12167: 12166: 12165: 12162: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12124: 12122: 12118: 12112: 12109: 12105: 12102: 12101: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12060: 12057: 12055: 12052: 12050: 12047: 12045: 12044: 12039: 12036: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12009: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11962: 11957: 11955: 11952: 11950: 11947: 11945: 11944:Domino theory 11942: 11940: 11939:Petrov Affair 11937: 11935: 11932: 11930: 11927: 11925: 11922: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11910: 11907: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11876: 11874: 11870: 11864: 11861: 11859: 11856: 11854: 11851: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11816:Madiun Affair 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11782: 11779: 11777: 11776:Marshall Plan 11774: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11735: 11732: 11730: 11727: 11725: 11722: 11720: 11717: 11715: 11712: 11710: 11707: 11705: 11702: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11684: 11679: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11669: 11668: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11645: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11620: 11618: 11617: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11607: 11605: 11602: 11600: 11597: 11595: 11592: 11590: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11580: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11564: 11561: 11559: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11533: 11529: 11527: 11526: 11525:United States 11522: 11521: 11518: 11514: 11507: 11502: 11500: 11495: 11493: 11488: 11487: 11484: 11472: 11464: 11462: 11454: 11453: 11450: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11433: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11424: 11421: 11419: 11416: 11414: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11404: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11387: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11373: 11370: 11369: 11367: 11363: 11355: 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11317: 11311: 11308: 11304: 11301: 11300: 11299: 11296: 11295: 11293: 11289: 11284: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11261:Sovietization 11259: 11257: 11256:Guerrilla war 11254: 11253: 11252: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11241: 11240: 11237: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11225: 11224: 11223:Deportations 11222: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11193: 11190: 11188: 11185: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11151: 11149: 11138: 11136: 11125: 11124: 11121: 11117: 11116:Baltic states 11110: 11105: 11103: 11098: 11096: 11091: 11090: 11087: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11056: 11053: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10992: 10986: 10985:Švenčionėliai 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10971: 10968: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10955: 10951: 10941: 10940:Paper Brigade 10938: 10936: 10933: 10932: 10930: 10926: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10900: 10897: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10889: 10885: 10882: 10878: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10847:Antanas Poška 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10813: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781:Ephraim Oshry 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10771:Rozka Korczak 10769: 10767: 10766:Vitka Kempner 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10746:Josef Glazman 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10731: 10725: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10709: 10706: 10704: 10701: 10699: 10696: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10688:Jonas Noreika 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10678:Hinrich Lohse 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10636:collaborators 10632: 10629: 10625: 10619: 10616: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10581: 10579: 10578:The Holocaust 10576: 10571: 10570: 10567: 10563: 10556: 10551: 10549: 10544: 10542: 10537: 10536: 10533: 10521: 10518: 10516: 10513: 10511: 10510:The Holocaust 10508: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10495: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10466: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10415: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10400: 10398: 10396:Documentation 10394: 10388: 10385: 10383: 10380: 10378: 10375: 10373: 10370: 10368: 10365: 10364: 10362: 10358: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10336:Organizations 10334: 10333: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10319:Viktors Arājs 10317: 10312: 10311: 10309: 10307: 10306:Collaborators 10303: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10283: 10281: 10277: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10221: 10220:Hinrich Lohse 10218: 10216: 10213: 10211: 10208: 10206: 10203: 10201: 10198: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10160:Alois Brunner 10158: 10157: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10115: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10080: 10078: 10074: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10030: 10028: 10027:The Holocaust 10025: 10020: 10019: 10016: 10012: 10005: 10000: 9998: 9993: 9991: 9986: 9985: 9982: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9934: 9931: 9930: 9928: 9926: 9922: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9896: 9890: 9887: 9886: 9884: 9880: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9861:Documentation 9859: 9853: 9850: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9833: 9827: 9824: 9822: 9819: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9808: 9806: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9779: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9742:Hinrich Lohse 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9713: 9707: 9704: 9702: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9692: 9686: 9683: 9682: 9680: 9676: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9632: 9630: 9629:The Holocaust 9627: 9622: 9621: 9618: 9614: 9607: 9602: 9600: 9595: 9593: 9588: 9587: 9584: 9568: 9565: 9562: 9560: 9557: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9433: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9395: 9391: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9378: 9368: 9365: 9364: 9362: 9358: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9326:Russia (KONR) 9324: 9322: 9321:Russia (ODNR) 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9272: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9113: 9109: 9103: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9081: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9042: 9041:zone réservée 9038: 9037:Atlantic Wall 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9015: 9013: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8978: 8977: 8975: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8888: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8863:Burgundy (SS) 8861: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8812: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8787: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8741: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8670: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8618: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8589: 8586: 8585: 8579: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8559: 8556: 8555: 8553: 8549: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8517:Upper Silesia 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8442:Lower Silesia 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8374: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8361: 8360: 8353: 8352: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8333: 8328: 8320: 8315: 8313: 8308: 8306: 8301: 8300: 8297: 8285: 8284: 8280: 8279: 8276: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8264: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8252:Eastern Front 8250: 8248: 8245: 8244: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8208: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8175: 8171: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8146: 8144: 8140: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8092: 8086: 8083: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8043: 8041: 8036: 8034: 8029: 8028: 8025: 8014: 8010: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7985:Northern Iran 7982: 7980: 7977: 7976: 7974: 7970: 7965: 7955: 7952: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7920: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7907: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7869: 7868: 7867:Baltic states 7865: 7863: 7862: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7840: 7835: 7833: 7828: 7826: 7821: 7820: 7817: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7768:Utterly Alone 7765: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732:Art and media 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7705: 7703: 7699: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7667: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7629: 7626: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7576: 7572: 7565: 7562: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7550: 7547: 7544: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7525: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7463: 7461: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7448: 7445: 7439: 7438: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7408: 7407: 7406:Time Magazine 7402: 7401:The Iron Heel 7399: 7396: 7395: 7394:Time Magazine 7390: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7378: 7374: 7371: 7368: 7367: 7363: 7360: 7357: 7353: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7279: 7275: 7270: 7269: 7258: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7240: 7228: 7224: 7218: 7214: 7213: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7155: 7154: 7148: 7136: 7132: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7115: 7103: 7099: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7082: 7070: 7066: 7060: 7056: 7055: 7049: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7023: 7022: 7016: 7012: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6995: 6983: 6979: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6950: 6938: 6934: 6928: 6924: 6923: 6918: 6914: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6889:. Routledge. 6888: 6887: 6881: 6877: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6849: 6843: 6840:. Routledge. 6839: 6834: 6822: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6807: 6801: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6768: 6764: 6758: 6754: 6749: 6745: 6739: 6735: 6730: 6729: 6714: 6707: 6703: 6700: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6650: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6625: 6618: 6615: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6601: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6549: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6531: 6526: 6520: 6516: 6513: 6508: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6486: 6482: 6479: 6473: 6457: 6453: 6446: 6437: 6427: 6419: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6376: 6363: 6355: 6351: 6347: 6341: 6335: 6330: 6322: 6315: 6299: 6295: 6291: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6264: 6256: 6251: 6244: 6239: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6212: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6188: 6185: 6182:Torbakov, I. 6179: 6172: 6166: 6159: 6153: 6144: 6133: 6126: 6120: 6118: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6071: 6064: 6057: 6053: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6027:on 7 May 2011 6026: 6022: 6015: 6007: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5974: 5966: 5960: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5926: 5925: 5919: 5912: 5908: 5905: 5904: 5898: 5891: 5878: 5874: 5868: 5864: 5863: 5855: 5848: 5835: 5831: 5825: 5821: 5820: 5812: 5804: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5785: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5766:Boris Sokolov 5761: 5759: 5752: 5748: 5741: 5734: 5718: 5711: 5710: 5702: 5694: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5679: 5674: 5667: 5665: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5643: 5641: 5633: 5629: 5624: 5617: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5555: 5547: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5528: 5521: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5464: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5421: 5414: 5401: 5397: 5391: 5387: 5386: 5378: 5371: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5308: 5307: 5299: 5283: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5187: 5171: 5167: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5148: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5102: 5098: 5094: 5087: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5020: 5016: 5009: 4993: 4989: 4983: 4979: 4978: 4970: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4937: 4930: 4929: 4921: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4902: 4895: 4894:Lonely Planet 4892: 4888: 4885: 4880: 4873: 4869: 4866: 4861: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4839: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4817: 4810: 4805: 4796: 4794: 4784: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4762: 4756: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4723: 4715: 4709: 4705: 4698: 4696: 4688: 4683: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4661: 4656: 4649: 4644: 4637: 4632: 4625: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4586: 4579: 4574: 4567: 4562: 4555: 4550: 4543: 4538: 4531: 4526: 4510: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4473: 4465: 4460: 4453: 4448: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4431: 4425: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4324: 4322:9780511612725 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4297: 4290: 4285: 4283: 4281: 4279: 4271: 4266: 4259: 4254: 4247: 4242: 4235: 4230: 4223: 4218: 4211: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4181: 4177: 4176: 4168: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4123: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4090: 4081: 4074: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4051: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4032:Indrek Paavle 4027: 4016: 4012: 4005: 3998: 3996: 3987: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3929: 3924: 3922: 3914: 3909: 3907: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3869: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3812: 3810:9789401200707 3806: 3802: 3801: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3756: 3751: 3744: 3739: 3737: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3718: 3710: 3705: 3703: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3682: 3675: 3671: 3668: 3667: 3661: 3659: 3657: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3637: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3618: 3610: 3604: 3594: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3531: 3523: 3517: 3513: 3512: 3504: 3497: 3484: 3480: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3461: 3454: 3441: 3437: 3431: 3427: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3406: 3404: 3395: 3389: 3385: 3378: 3376: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3324: 3319: 3317: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3272: 3270: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3224: 3222: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3168: 3162: 3154: 3148: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3102:Baltic States 3095: 3088: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3062: 3061: 3053: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3026: 3018: 3012: 3008: 3001: 2997: 2981: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2907: 2900: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2859: 2858: 2855: 2854: 2849: 2843: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2822: 2818: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2801: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2769: 2767: 2766:Oleg Platonov 2762: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2740:Vilnis Sīpols 2736: 2733: 2727: 2718: 2716: 2711: 2709: 2708: 2699: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2650: 2648: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2615: 2611: 2609: 2608: 2600: 2590: 2588: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2537:three of its 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2485: 2482: 2481:Aliide Naylor 2477: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2365: 2363: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2346: 2345: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2335: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2308:1949: 32,735 2306:1948: 41,000 2305: 2303: 2302: 2298:1949: 42,231 2297: 2295: 2294: 2290:1949: 20,702 2289: 2287: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2274: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2171: 2170: 2165: 2164: 2160: 2158: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2149: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2064: 2034: 2030: 2025: 2019:Civilian toll 2016: 2013: 2009: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1973: 1964: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1919: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1901: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1846: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753:secret speech 1750: 1745: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705:sovietization 1698: 1693: 1687: 1683: 1678: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1422: 1417: 1413: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1401:convict camps 1398: 1394: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1363: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321:. The German 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1284:Hinrich Lohse 1281: 1277: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1203: 1199: 1194: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1126:popular front 1123: 1119: 1110: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1072: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 959: 954: 949: 939: 937: 932: 928: 924: 919: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 895: 893: 889: 884: 879: 877: 873: 872:German forces 869: 865: 861: 860: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 822: 820: 816: 813:begun by the 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 784: 779: 777: 772: 770: 765: 764: 762: 761: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 724: 717: 716: 708: 705: 703: 700: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 682: 681: 678: 677: 673: 668: 667: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 648:Tautas fronte 646: 644: 641: 639: 636: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 619: 616: 614: 611: 609: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 595: 591: 586: 585: 575: 572: 570: 567: 566: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 552: 550: 547: 546: 542: 537: 536: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 514: 512: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 493: 492: 490: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 470: 468: 463: 458: 457: 449: 446: 445: 440: 437: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 419: 416: 415: 412: 411:Sovietization 409: 407: 404: 403: 398: 395: 393: 390: 388: 385: 384: 382: 379: 378: 375: 372: 371: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 352: 350: 347: 346: 342: 337: 336: 328: 325: 324: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 290: 288: 285: 284: 281: 278: 277: 273: 268: 267: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 250:Baltic states 248: 247: 245: 244: 240: 236: 235: 232: 231:Baltic states 227: 226: 222: 218: 217: 207: 203: 200: 197: 194: 190: 187: 184: 180: 177: 176: 175: 171: 168: 155: 142: 131: 120: 109: 105: 101: 97: 82: 67: 63: 59: 53: 48: 45: 41: 36: 30: 19: 14265:Brinkmanship 14157:intelligence 14046:Marius Oprea 13996:Harvey Klehr 13926:Herbert Feis 13916:Willem Drees 13881:Archie Brown 13798: 13786: 13768: 13758:Trybuna Ludu 13756: 13749: 13745:Radio Moscow 13737: 13730: 13723: 13551:Anti-Zionism 13467: 13390:Keynesianism 13378:Conservatism 13242:Transnistria 13222:China-Taiwan 12879:Gera Demands 12752: 12553: 12428: 12233:El Porteñazo 12127:Congo Crisis 12042: 11977:Algerian War 11960: 11836:Western Bloc 11831:Eastern Bloc 11826:Iron Curtain 11682: 11674: 11666: 11643: 11629: 11623: 11615: 11532:Soviet Union 11530: 11523: 11436:in athletics 11372:Baltic Tiger 11339:Air Policing 11191: 11046:Vilna Ghetto 11016:Kovno Ghetto 10960:Jäger Report 10887:Perpetrators 10857:Anton Schmid 10822:Kazys Binkis 10751:Jay M. Ipson 10736:Chaim Yellin 10718:Martin Weiss 10698:Helmut Rauca 10663:Bruno Kittel 10573:Main article 10408:Jäger Report 10250:Albert Sauer 10215:Rudolf Lange 10153:Perpetrators 10139:Simon Dubnow 10022:Main article 9868:Jäger Report 9826:Evald Mikson 9722:Hans Aumeier 9685:Kalevi-Liiva 9624:Main article 9528:Schatzgräber 8950:West Prussia 8930:Lower Styria 8868:Holland (SS) 8639:Upper Danube 8634:Lower Danube 8437:Hesse-Nassau 8407:East Prussia 8377:Baden-Alsace 8340:Nazi Germany 8338:divisions of 8327:Nazi Germany 8281: 8261: 8223: 8206: 8189: 8111:negotiations 8008: 7990: 7983: 7925:East Prussia 7917: 7893: 7866: 7859: 7801: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7738: 7665:Guerilla war 7637:from Estonia 7603:Deportations 7566:(10 October) 7473: 7435: 7404: 7392: 7380: 7372: 7364: 7355: 7351: 7343: 7323: 7317: 7309: 7296: 7288: 7246: 7231:. Retrieved 7211: 7187: 7186:(May 2009). 7172:. Retrieved 7152: 7139:. Retrieved 7119: 7106:. Retrieved 7086: 7073:. Retrieved 7053: 7040:. Retrieved 7020: 6999: 6986:. Retrieved 6966: 6956: 6941:. Retrieved 6921: 6905:. Retrieved 6885: 6864: 6856:Hiden, Johan 6837: 6825:. Retrieved 6805: 6792:. Retrieved 6772: 6752: 6733: 6725:Bibliography 6713: 6694: 6682:. Retrieved 6659: 6649: 6641:1721.1/17498 6631: 6624: 6605: 6600: 6588:. Retrieved 6574: 6562:. Retrieved 6548: 6525: 6507: 6502:, pp. 56–73. 6499: 6491: 6472: 6460:. Retrieved 6456:the original 6445: 6436: 6426: 6405:cite journal 6383: 6362:cite journal 6340: 6329: 6320: 6314: 6302:. Retrieved 6293: 6284: 6276:The Guardian 6275: 6250: 6238: 6221: 6211: 6199: 6194: 6187:FIIA Comment 6186: 6183: 6178: 6170: 6169:D. Zalimas, 6165: 6157: 6152: 6143: 6132:the original 6104:. Retrieved 6077: 6073: 6063: 6029:. Retrieved 6025:the original 6014: 5987: 5983: 5973: 5959: 5951: 5943: 5938:, 7 May 2005 5923: 5918: 5902: 5897: 5888: 5881:. Retrieved 5861: 5854: 5845: 5838:. Retrieved 5818: 5811: 5791: 5784: 5740: 5731: 5724:. 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