1291:, the last legitimate Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia (according to the constitution of Estonia) before its fall to the Soviet Union in 1940, delivered as a private citizen a radio address that implored all able-bodied men born from 1904 through 1923 to report for military service. (Before this, Uluots had opposed Estonian mobilization.) The call drew support from all across the country: 38,000 volunteers jammed registration centers. Several thousand Estonians who had joined the Finnish army came back across the Gulf of Finland to join the newly-formed Territorial Defense Force, assigned to defend Estonia against the Soviet advance. It was hoped that by engaging in such a war Estonia would be able to attract Western support for the cause of Estonia's independence from the USSR and thus ultimately succeed in achieving independence.
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24:
2055:
65:
1135:, there were attempts to re-establish national governments. It was hoped that the Germans would re-establish Baltic independence. Such political hopes soon evaporated and Baltic cooperation became less forthright or ceased altogether. A growing proportion of the local populations turned against the Nazi regime as Germany turned the Baltic statesâexcept for the
1229:
and
Estonians joined the Germans once again. It was hoped that by engaging in such a war the Baltic countries would be able to attract Western support for the cause of independence from the USSR. In Latvia an underground nationalist Central Council of Latvia was formed on 13 August 1943. An analogous
1375:
Latvia's population perished not only on the battlefield. During the years of Nazi occupation special campaigns exterminated 18,000 Latvians, approximately 70,000 Jews and 2,000 Gypsies â in total about 90,000 people. The
Latvians among these were mostly civilians whose political convictions were
1259:
Although initially the
Germans were perceived as liberators from the USSR and its repressions by most Estonians who hoped for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realized that they were merely another occupying power. Germans pillaged the country for the war effort and
1380:, or SD) and police units. The German occupation regime attempted to involve the local population in war crimes. Thus, Latvian self-defence units, security police units, and SD auxiliary units were created and included volunteers who carried out part of the terror campaign.
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1448:(22 June 1941 â 28 January 1945). At first the Germans were welcomed as "liberators" from the repressive Soviet regime. In the hope of re-establishing independence or at least gaining autonomy, Lithuanians organized
1372:. By the end of 1941 almost the entire Jewish population had been exterminated. In addition, some 25,000 Jews were brought from Germany, Austria and the present-day Czech Republic, of whom around 20,000 were killed.
1376:
unacceptable to the German occupation force. Jewish and Gypsy civilians were eliminated as a result of Nazi
Germany's racial policy. Persecutions were mostly carried out by special German units (Einsatzgruppe A,
1182:, called for the wholesale deportation of some two thirds of the native population from the territories of the Baltic states in the event of a German victory. The remaining third were either to be exterminated
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1104:. Between October and December 1939 the Germans evacuated 13,700 people from Estonia and 52,583 from Latvia, and resettled them in Polish territories incorporated into Nazi Germany. The following summer , the
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earlier, including the first mass deportation on 14 June, just eight days earlier, so the majority of Balts welcomed the German armed forces when they crossed the frontiers of
Lithuania.
1174:. The remainder of the Baltic peoples were deemed by the Nazis to be "a dying race" that needed to be "replaced by a more dynamic people", meaning Germans. The main Nazi plan for the
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1977:
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1982:
176:
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1280:). Most of them joined in 1944, when the threat of a new invasion of Estonia by the Red Army had become imminent and it was clear that Germany would not win the war.
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Yaacov Falkov, "Between the Nazi Hammer and the Soviet Anvil: The Untold Story of the Red
Guerrillas in the Baltic Region, 1941â1945", in Chris Murray (ed.),
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1163:'s advance in 1944. Furthermore, Nazi Germany rejected the recreation of the Baltic states in any form in the future, as it unilaterally declared itself the
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The
Germans agreed to leave the Baltic states, except for Lithuania (which was later ceded in exchange for oil-rich regions of Poland), under the Soviet
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1325:). Anyone who was disobedient to the German occupation regime or had co-operated with the Soviet regime was killed or sent to concentration camps.
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The occupation of
Lithuania by Nazi Germany refers to the period from the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union to the end of the
1276:â 'Boys of Finland') was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. 70,000 Estonians were recruited to the German armed forces (including
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to all three of the Baltic countries, as well as the Soviet Union, which it expected would collapse due to the German invasion.
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1268:. That made many Estonians unwilling to side with the Nazis to join the Finnish army to fight against the Soviet Union. The
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1234:, emerged on 25 November 1943. On 23 March 1944, the underground National Committee of the Estonian Republic was founded.
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Immediately after the installation of German authority (the beginning of July 1941) a process of eliminating the
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By
January 1944, the front was pushed back by the Red Army almost all the way to the former Estonian border.
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1198:", while hundreds of thousands of German settlers were to be moved into the conquered territories. As
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to
Germany at the earliest possible moment, and some Nazi ideologists suggested renaming Estonia as
1100:. The Germans lacked concern for the fate of the Baltic states, and initiated the evacuation of the
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Germans immediately initiated anti-Jewish persecution by deploying its mobile death squads, the
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1936:
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883:
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1941:
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and integrating them as German provinces. During the course of the war, the main thrust of
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in all but name in which the four predominant nationalities had little role in governance.
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8:
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1368:), which alone killed around 26,000 Jews and the 2,000 or more Latvian members of the
1225:
Towards the end of the war, once it became clear that Germany would be defeated, many
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The Baltic States: The National Self-Determination of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
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1159:, a German Nazi politician, was Reichskommissar until he fled in the face of the
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was directed against the Jews, not so much the majority Baltic peoples.
1202:
explained in a conference on 16 July 1941, the Baltic states were to be
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1722:
1530:'s Minutes of a Meeting at Hitler's Headquarters (July 16, 1941)
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After Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the
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A large number of Latvians resisted the German occupation. The
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1496:, p. 263. MacFarland & Company Inc., Publishers., London.
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1226:
145:"German occupation of the Baltic states during World War II"
1636:
Unknown Conflicts of the Second World War: Forgotten Fronts
1128:
1421:
1402:
was divided between the pro-independence units under the
1391:
were formed from Latvian volunteers to fight against the
1329:
1084:
considered the Germans liberators from the Soviet Union.
1237:
1294:
1264:. Estonia was incorporated into the German province of
1106:
Soviets occupied and illegally annexed all three states
4018:
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
1048:, Reich Minister for the Occupied Eastern Territories
1336:
population began, with many killings taking place in
1178:
of conquered territories in the east, referred to as
832:
136:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1650:
1607:The German Occupation and the First Wave of Murder
1428:German occupation of Lithuania during World War II
1358:, including the 500â1,500 members of the infamous
6673:Military history of Lithuania during World War II
2588:
1232:Supreme Committee for the Liberation of Lithuania
1127:was established. As the German armies approached
6649:
1244:German occupation of Estonia during World War II
6663:Military history of Estonia during World War II
1301:German occupation of Latvia during World War II
6668:Military history of Latvia during World War II
1657:(Revised ed.). Harlow, England: Longman.
3372:
2085:
1688:
1123:broke out on the first day of the war, and a
818:
784:
3155:
2356:
2131:
2123:
1638:(London: Routledge, 2019), pp. 96â119,
1494:The War Aims and Strategies of Adolf Hitler
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3379:
3365:
2092:
2078:
1695:
1681:
1436:A Holocaust memorial near the site of the
1108:. On 22 June 1941 the Germans carried out
825:
811:
791:
777:
1600:
1474:
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
196:Learn how and when to remove this message
1535:
1504:
1502:
1462:
1431:
1035:
89:of all important aspects of the article.
1649:Hiden, Johan; Salmon, Patrick (1994) .
1552:
1550:
1422:Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
1414:in Moscow. Their Latvian commander was
6650:
5226:
5204:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union
2747:
2572:
2368:
2144:
1412:Central Staff of the Partisan Movement
1313:'s territory. Latvia became a part of
1112:. The Soviets had already implemented
1052:and SS Officer Eberhard Medem in 1942.
85:Please consider expanding the lead to
6075:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign
5507:Japanese invasion of French Indochina
5153:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union
5109:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4214:Rape during the occupation of Germany
3360:
2073:
1676:
1569:
1499:
1238:Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
806:
6713:GermanyâLithuania military relations
5197:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union
4229:Rape during the liberation of France
2054:
1648:
1547:
1541:
1468:
1295:Occupation of Latvia by Nazi Germany
1087:
690:Baltic diplomatic services (1940â91)
134:adding citations to reliable sources
105:
58:
17:
1321:as the Province General of Latvia (
1072:from 1941 to 1944. Initially, many
1058:German invasion of the Soviet Union
13:
6703:EstoniaâGermany military relations
5423:German invasion of the Netherlands
3703:Weather events during World War II
1044:, Reich Commissar for the Ostland
608:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
574:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states
14:
6724:
6708:GermanyâLatvia military relations
6678:World War II occupied territories
6054:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
2527:Friesland, Groningen, and Drenthe
1702:
1340:. The killings were committed by
33:This article has multiple issues.
6614:
3386:
3015:Serbia (Commissioner Government)
2053:
2044:
2043:
1869:
1741:
1728:
1715:
247:
110:
63:
22:
6658:Occupation of the Baltic states
2995:Norway (Administrative Council)
1627:
1481:Baltic states German occupation
1139:(KlaipÄda) region annexed into
1040:General Commissioner of Latvia
121:needs additional citations for
77:may be too short to adequately
41:or discuss these issues on the
6301:Vietnamese famine of 1944â1945
4011:Territorial changes of Germany
3919:Indonesian National Revolution
1521:
1486:
87:provide an accessible overview
1:
5701:Japanese invasion of Thailand
5652:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
5416:German invasion of Luxembourg
3797:Mediterranean and Middle East
3020:Serbia (Council of Ministers)
1653:The Baltic Nations and Europe
1455:
1270:Finnish Infantry Regiment 200
5608:Invasion of the Soviet Union
5297:Occupation of Czechoslovakia
4615:Independent State of Croatia
2793:Army Group Rear Area Command
2100:Administrative divisions in
1450:their Provisional Government
1440:in SubaÄiaus Street, Vilnius
551:Soviet re-occupation in 1944
7:
6698:German military occupations
6592:End of World War II in Asia
6432:Western invasion of Germany
5939:Chinese famine of 1942â1943
5916:Second Battle of El Alamein
5486:Hundred Regiments Offensive
5458:Battle of the Mediterranean
5311:Italian invasion of Albania
3485:Air warfare of World War II
3175:Belgium and Northern France
2798:Belgium and Northern France
1919:Baltic Council of Ministers
1839:Under Soviet rule (1944-91)
1400:Latvian resistance movement
10:
6729:
6518:Naval bombardment of Japan
5886:First Battle of El Alamein
5805:Battle of Christmas Island
5750:Japanese invasion of Burma
5514:Italian invasion of Greece
5430:German invasion of Belgium
5402:German invasion of Denmark
5375:1939â1940 Winter Offensive
5244:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
3508:Comparative military ranks
2677:Civil Administration Areas
2282:Southern HanoverâBrunswick
1805:by the Soviet Union (1944)
1795:by the Soviet Union (1940)
1508:Lumans, Valdus O. (2006).
1483:at EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1425:
1319:Reichskommissariat Ostland
1298:
1241:
1149:Reichskommissariat Ostland
747:LithuaniaâRussia relations
359:Mutual Assistance Treaties
6693:Jewish Lithuanian history
6607:
6439:BratislavaâBrno offensive
6379:
6370:Dutch famine of 1944â1945
6107:
5994:Allied invasion of Sicily
5948:
5854:Aleutian Islands campaign
5826:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign
5773:
5764:Greek famine of 1941â1944
5659:Second Battle of Changsha
5564:German invasion of Greece
5532:
5409:Battle of ZaoyangâYichang
5384:
5322:
5217:
5098:
4824:
4734:
4582:
4285:
4276:
4034:
3859:
3751:North and Central Pacific
3712:
3474:
3467:
3394:
3326:
3285:
3278:
3243:
3203:
3167:
3154:
3134:
3048:
2892:
2885:
2857:
2783:
2763:
2738:
2675:
2664:
2630:
2563:
2547:North Brabant and Limburg
2542:South Holland and Zeeland
2537:North Holland and Utrecht
2532:Gelderland and Overijssel
2517:
2446:
2394:
2355:
2325:
2122:
2109:
2039:
1993:
1952:
1906:
1878:
1867:
1757:
1710:
1542:Hiden & Salmon (1994)
1469:Hiden & Salmon (1994)
1354:), as well as by Latvian
847:
351:Soviet occupation in 1940
6031:Allied invasion of Italy
6008:Solomon Islands campaign
5757:Third Battle of Changsha
5354:First Battle of Changsha
5260:Second Sino-Japanese War
4200:German military brothels
4066:United States war crimes
2785:Military administrations
2317:WĂŒrttemberg-Hohenzollern
2006:Baltic Basketball League
1932:Air Surveillance Network
1514:Fordham University Press
1194:if deemed sufficiently "
737:EstoniaâRussia relations
6683:Jewish Estonian history
6453:Second Guangxi campaign
6308:Philippines (1944â1945)
5812:Battle of the Coral Sea
5715:Fall of the Philippines
5361:Battle of South Guangxi
5267:Battles of Khalkhin Gol
4673:Italian Social Republic
1983:Human Development Index
1820:Operation Priboi (1949)
1815:June deportation (1941)
1577:The Holocaust in Latvia
1559:, Graham Smith, p. 91.
1404:Latvian Central Council
1042:Otto-Heinrich Drechsler
742:LatviaâRussia relations
337:MolotovâRibbentrop Pact
290:BalticâSoviet relations
6688:Jewish Latvian history
6038:Armistice of Cassibile
5840:Battle of Dutch Harbor
5791:Battle of the Java Sea
5694:Attack on Pearl Harbor
5594:SyriaâLebanon campaign
5587:Battle of South Shanxi
5557:Invasion of Yugoslavia
5340:Battle of the Atlantic
4954:Korean Liberation Army
4667:(until September 1943)
4624:(until September 1944)
4602:(until September 1944)
3156:
2886:Puppet administrations
2690:Carinthia and Carniola
2357:
2132:
2124:
2104:and German occupations
2011:Swimming Championships
1978:Gross regional product
1510:Latvia in World War II
1492:Pinkus, Oscar (2005).
1441:
1323:Generalbezirk Lettland
1125:provisional government
1121:revolt (June Uprising)
1053:
6202:Second Battle of Guam
6098:Bengal famine of 1943
6068:Second Battle of Kiev
6024:Battle of the Dnieper
5729:Battle of Wake Island
5601:East African campaign
5543:Battle of South Henan
5188:atrocities by Germans
4961:Korean Volunteer Army
3942:Occupation of Germany
3696:Music in World War II
2337:Reichsfestung Belgrad
1435:
1305:By 10 July 1941, the
1039:
870:Evacuation of Tallinn
762:Russians in Lithuania
6488:Surrender of Germany
5966:Battle of West Hubei
5923:Guadalcanal campaign
5893:Battle of Stalingrad
5819:Battle of Madagascar
4593:Albania protectorate
4380:(formerly Swaziland)
4089:Wehrmacht war crimes
3905:Expulsion of Germans
3689:Art and World War II
3587:British contribution
3536:Governments in exile
3339:Strength Through Joy
3298:Weather Station Kurt
3000:Norway (Quisling II)
2247:MunichâUpper Bavaria
2232:March of Brandenburg
1438:HKP slave labor camp
1361:Sonderkommando Arajs
1309:had occupied all of
1220:Nazi racial policies
1143:in 1939âand most of
1110:Operation Barbarossa
1015:Moonsund Archipelago
584:Lithuanian partisans
297:Non-aggression pacts
130:improve this article
6578:Potsdam Declaration
6467:Italy (Spring 1945)
6230:Liberation of Paris
5687:Siege of Sevastopol
4705:(until August 1944)
4608:Wang Jingwei regime
4430:from September 1943
4390:from September 1944
4328:from September 1944
4188:Romanian war crimes
4179:Persecution of Jews
4165:Croatian war crimes
4135:Japanese war crimes
3949:Occupation of Japan
3898:First Indochina War
3610:Military production
3522:Declarations of war
3158:Reichskommissariats
2990:Norway (Quisling I)
2920:Chechnya-Ingushetia
2580:Bohemia and Moravia
2565:Partial annexations
2376:DanzigâWest Prussia
1832:Diplomatic services
1775:United Baltic Duchy
1765:Territorial changes
1307:German armed forces
1094:sphere of influence
1066:military occupation
970:Relief of Leningrad
865:Strategic defensive
752:Russians in Estonia
668:Congress of Estonia
638:Territorial changes
416:People's Parliament
6571:Surrender of Japan
6404:Battle of Iwo Jima
6253:Belgrade offensive
5666:Siege of Leningrad
5550:Battle of Shanggao
5479:British Somaliland
5444:Dunkirk evacuation
5395:Norwegian campaign
5333:Invasion of Poland
5160:Japanese prisoners
4128:Italian war crimes
4059:British war crimes
3974:Soviet occupations
3758:South-West Pacific
3645:Allied cooperation
3603:Military equipment
2590:General Government
2267:Schleswig-Holstein
1854:Singing Revolution
1612:2007-01-10 at the
1582:2007-05-04 at the
1442:
1098:GermanâSoviet Pact
1054:
757:Russians in Latvia
648:Singing Revolution
458:Welles Declaration
6645:
6644:
6603:
6602:
6446:Battle of Okinawa
6345:Burma (1944â1945)
6179:Mariana and Palau
5959:Tunisian campaign
5784:Fall of Singapore
5708:Fall of Hong Kong
5451:Battle of Britain
5304:Operation Himmler
5213:
5212:
4877:Dutch East Indies
4520:Southern Rhodesia
4272:
4271:
4172:Genocide of Serbs
4075:German war crimes
4052:Soviet war crimes
4045:Allied war crimes
3891:Division of Korea
3870:Chinese Civil War
3668:Strategic bombing
3580:Manhattan Project
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3274:
3273:
3244:Other occupations
3239:
3238:
3150:
3149:
2865:Adriatic Littoral
2858:Operational Zones
2779:
2778:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2626:
2625:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2442:
2441:
2351:
2350:
2067:
2066:
2016:Baltic Chain Tour
1891:tallest buildings
1589:Andrew Ezergailis
1383:In 1943 and 1944
1378:Sicherheitsdienst
1088:Under German rule
1033:
1032:
855:June in Lithuania
801:
800:
712:Kersten Committee
600:Under Soviet rule
579:Latvian partisans
472:German occupation
375:Soviet-Lithuanian
328:GermanâLithuanian
313:SovietâLithuanian
239:Occupation of the
224:
223:
216:
206:
205:
198:
180:
104:
103:
56:
6720:
6638:
6631:
6624:
6621:World portal
6619:
6618:
6594:
6587:
6580:
6573:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6541:
6534:
6527:
6520:
6513:
6506:
6497:
6490:
6483:
6481:Prague offensive
6476:
6474:Battle of Berlin
6469:
6462:
6455:
6448:
6441:
6434:
6427:
6420:
6418:Vienna offensive
6413:
6406:
6399:
6397:Battle of Manila
6392:
6372:
6363:
6354:
6347:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6287:
6278:
6271:
6262:
6255:
6248:
6241:
6232:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6190:
6181:
6174:
6165:
6156:
6147:
6140:
6138:KorsunâCherkassy
6133:
6122:
6100:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6040:
6033:
6026:
6019:
6010:
6003:
5996:
5989:
5982:
5980:Bombing of Gorky
5975:
5968:
5961:
5941:
5934:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5870:
5863:
5856:
5849:
5847:Battle of Midway
5842:
5835:
5833:Battle of Gazala
5828:
5821:
5814:
5807:
5800:
5793:
5786:
5766:
5759:
5752:
5745:
5743:Battle of Borneo
5738:
5736:Malayan campaign
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5696:
5689:
5682:
5680:Bombing of Gorky
5675:
5673:Battle of Moscow
5668:
5661:
5654:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5617:
5610:
5603:
5596:
5589:
5582:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5552:
5545:
5525:
5516:
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5446:
5439:
5437:Battle of France
5432:
5425:
5418:
5411:
5404:
5397:
5377:
5370:
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5313:
5306:
5299:
5292:
5290:Munich Agreement
5285:
5278:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5246:
5239:
5224:
5223:
5206:
5199:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5175:Soviet prisoners
5169:
5162:
5155:
5146:
5139:
5130:
5123:
5116:
5115:German prisoners
5111:
5091:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5063:
5056:
5049:
5042:
5035:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5007:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4979:
4972:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4935:
4928:
4921:
4914:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4858:
4851:
4844:
4837:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4789:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4754:
4747:
4727:
4720:
4713:
4706:
4698:
4691:
4684:
4675:
4668:
4660:
4653:
4651:French Indochina
4646:
4639:
4632:
4625:
4617:
4610:
4603:
4595:
4575:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4508:
4501:
4498:from August 1944
4489:
4482:
4475:
4468:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4381:
4373:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4331:
4319:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4283:
4282:
4263:
4256:
4249:
4242:
4235:
4224:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4190:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4142:Nanjing Massacre
4137:
4130:
4121:
4119:Nuremberg trials
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4027:
4020:
4013:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3960:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3852:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3723:Asia and Pacific
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3652:Mulberry harbour
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3503:
3494:
3487:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3453:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3357:
3283:
3282:
3165:
3164:
3161:
2890:
2889:
2877:Alpine Foothills
2745:
2744:
2695:Gebiet Bialystok
2673:
2672:
2586:
2585:
2570:
2569:
2515:
2514:
2429:TyrolâVorarlberg
2392:
2391:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2307:Westphalia-South
2302:Westphalia-North
2222:Magdeburg-Anhalt
2142:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2120:
2119:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2057:
2056:
2047:
2046:
1965:Busiest airports
1873:
1827:State continuity
1747:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1656:
1621:
1618:Simon Wiesenthal
1604:
1598:
1573:
1567:
1554:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1525:
1519:
1506:
1497:
1490:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1410:units under the
1350:and Marines (in
1119:In Lithuania, a
1050:Alfred Rosenberg
980:Karelian Isthmus
842:
827:
820:
813:
804:
803:
793:
786:
779:
717:Helsinki Accords
682:State continuity
618:Operation Jungle
613:Operation Priboi
564:Baltic offensive
449:June deportation
251:
226:
225:
219:
212:
201:
194:
190:
187:
181:
179:
138:
114:
106:
99:
96:
90:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
6728:
6727:
6723:
6722:
6721:
6719:
6718:
6717:
6648:
6647:
6646:
6641:
6634:
6627:
6613:
6611:
6599:
6590:
6583:
6576:
6569:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6537:
6532:Atomic bombings
6530:
6523:
6516:
6509:
6502:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6472:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6444:
6437:
6430:
6423:
6416:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6388:
6375:
6368:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6334:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6306:
6299:
6290:
6281:
6274:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6235:
6228:
6223:Eastern Romania
6221:
6216:Warsaw Uprising
6214:
6209:Tannenberg Line
6207:
6200:
6195:Western Ukraine
6193:
6184:
6177:
6168:
6159:
6150:
6143:
6136:
6125:
6116:
6103:
6096:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6066:
6059:
6052:
6045:
6036:
6029:
6022:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5987:Battle of Kursk
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5944:
5937:
5928:
5921:
5914:
5905:
5898:
5891:
5884:
5875:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5817:
5810:
5803:
5798:St Nazaire Raid
5796:
5789:
5782:
5769:
5762:
5755:
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5706:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5622:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5580:Anglo-Iraqi War
5578:
5571:Battle of Crete
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5528:
5519:
5512:
5505:
5500:Eastern Romania
5498:
5491:
5484:
5477:
5470:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5318:
5309:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5281:
5274:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5242:
5235:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5174:
5165:
5158:
5151:
5142:
5135:
5126:
5119:
5114:
5107:
5094:
5087:
5078:
5071:
5066:
5061:Western Ukraine
5059:
5052:
5045:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5005:Northeast China
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4959:
4952:
4945:
4938:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4896:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4868:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4792:
4785:
4778:
4771:
4764:
4757:
4750:
4743:
4730:
4723:
4716:
4711:Slovak Republic
4709:
4701:
4694:
4687:
4682:Empire of Japan
4680:
4671:
4663:
4656:
4649:
4642:
4635:
4628:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4598:
4591:
4578:
4571:
4562:
4555:
4546:
4539:
4532:
4525:
4518:
4511:
4504:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4471:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4384:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4341:
4334:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4301:
4294:
4268:
4259:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4227:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4194:Sexual violence
4193:
4186:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4154:
4147:
4140:
4133:
4126:
4117:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4043:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3963:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3924:
3917:
3912:Greek Civil War
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3855:
3848:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3763:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3737:South-East Asia
3735:
3728:
3721:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3596:Military awards
3594:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3562:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3499:
3490:
3483:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3390:
3385:
3355:
3346:
3342:holiday resorts
3322:
3270:
3235:
3199:
3146:
3130:
3044:
2881:
2853:
2775:
2759:
2734:
2667:
2652:
2622:
2584:
2551:
2513:
2438:
2390:
2347:
2321:
2202:Halle-Merseburg
2187:Electoral Hesse
2177:Eastern Hanover
2114:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2068:
2063:
2035:
1989:
1948:
1937:Defence College
1914:Baltic Assembly
1902:
1874:
1865:
1800:by Nazi Germany
1753:
1742:
1740:
1729:
1727:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1671:
1665:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1614:Wayback Machine
1605:
1601:
1584:Wayback Machine
1574:
1570:
1555:
1548:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1522:
1507:
1500:
1491:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1446:Battle of Memel
1430:
1424:
1408:Soviet partisan
1343:Einsatzgruppe A
1303:
1297:
1287:was evacuated.
1246:
1240:
1180:Generalplan Ost
1165:legal successor
1141:Greater Germany
1090:
1034:
1029:
843:
833:
831:
797:
768:
767:
766:
731:
723:
722:
721:
684:
674:
673:
672:
602:
592:
591:
590:
569:Courland Pocket
559:Battle of Narva
553:
543:
542:
541:
519:
497:
474:
464:
463:
462:
430:
393:
365:SovietâEstonian
361:
353:
343:
342:
341:
318:GermanâEstonian
303:SovietâEstonian
299:
284:
274:
240:
220:
209:
208:
207:
202:
191:
185:
182:
139:
137:
127:
115:
100:
94:
91:
84:
72:This article's
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
6726:
6716:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6567:
6566:
6565:
6551:
6548:South Sakhalin
6544:
6543:
6542:
6528:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6499:
6498:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6385:
6383:
6377:
6376:
6374:
6373:
6366:
6365:
6364:
6348:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6304:
6297:
6288:
6279:
6272:
6263:
6256:
6249:
6242:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6182:
6175:
6166:
6157:
6148:
6141:
6134:
6123:
6113:
6111:
6105:
6104:
6102:
6101:
6094:
6093:
6092:
6085:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6043:
6042:
6041:
6027:
6020:
6011:
6004:
5997:
5990:
5983:
5976:
5973:Battle of Attu
5969:
5962:
5954:
5952:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5935:
5926:
5919:
5912:
5903:
5896:
5889:
5882:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5864:
5850:
5843:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5815:
5808:
5801:
5794:
5787:
5779:
5777:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5760:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5732:
5725:
5722:Battle of Guam
5718:
5711:
5704:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5645:Battle of Kiev
5641:
5634:
5620:
5619:
5618:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5575:
5574:
5560:
5553:
5546:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5517:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5489:
5482:
5475:
5468:
5461:
5454:
5447:
5440:
5433:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5390:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5357:
5350:
5343:
5336:
5328:
5326:
5320:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5315:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5272:
5271:
5270:
5263:
5249:
5248:
5247:
5232:
5230:
5221:
5215:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5208:
5207:
5200:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5156:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5144:United Kingdom
5140:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5112:
5104:
5102:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5076:
5064:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4965:
4964:
4957:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4915:
4908:
4901:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4845:
4838:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4811:
4804:
4797:
4790:
4783:
4776:
4769:
4762:
4755:
4748:
4740:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4721:
4714:
4707:
4699:
4692:
4685:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4661:
4654:
4647:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4618:
4611:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4548:British Empire
4541:United Kingdom
4537:
4530:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4490:
4483:
4476:
4469:
4462:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4434:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4382:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4357:Czechoslovakia
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4291:
4289:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4264:
4257:
4254:Rape of Manila
4250:
4243:
4236:
4225:
4210:
4203:
4191:
4184:
4183:
4182:
4175:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4131:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4092:
4085:
4071:
4070:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4040:
4038:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4025:United Nations
4021:
4014:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3970:
3961:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3931:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3884:Decolonization
3880:
3873:
3865:
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3830:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3784:
3770:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3718:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3648:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3576:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3557:United Kingdom
3553:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3480:
3478:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3403:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3384:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3361:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3205:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3042:
3040:Zuyev Republic
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Czechoslovakia
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2896:
2894:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2789:
2787:
2781:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2751:
2749:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2670:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2592:
2583:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2523:
2521:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2363:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2227:Main Franconia
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2167:CologneâAachen
2164:
2159:
2154:
2148:
2146:
2139:
2117:
2111:Administrative
2107:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1972:
1970:Housing bubble
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1942:Naval Squadron
1939:
1934:
1929:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1898:National parks
1895:
1894:
1893:
1886:Largest cities
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1836:
1835:
1834:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1777:
1772:
1770:Baltic Entente
1767:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1685:
1677:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1646:
1644:978-1138612945
1631:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1599:
1596:978-9984905433
1568:
1546:
1534:
1528:Martin Bormann
1520:
1498:
1485:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1426:Main article:
1423:
1420:
1416:Arturs SproÄŁis
1366:Arajs Kommando
1299:Main article:
1296:
1293:
1260:unleashed the
1242:Main article:
1239:
1236:
1212:and Latvia as
1172:Einsatzgruppen
1102:Baltic Germans
1089:
1086:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
961:
960:
955:
954:
953:
941:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
910:ToropetsâKholm
907:
896:
895:
890:
889:
888:
874:
873:
872:
862:
857:
848:
845:
844:
830:
829:
822:
815:
807:
799:
798:
796:
795:
788:
781:
773:
770:
769:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
708:
707:
702:
697:
686:
685:
680:
679:
676:
675:
671:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
633:Lithuanian SSR
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
604:
603:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
587:
586:
581:
571:
566:
561:
555:
554:
549:
548:
545:
544:
540:
539:
534:
529:
523:
518:
517:
512:
507:
501:
496:
495:
490:
485:
479:
475:
470:
469:
466:
465:
461:
460:
454:
453:
452:
451:
446:
444:from Lithuania
441:
436:
424:
423:
418:
412:
411:
410:
409:
404:
399:
387:
386:
384:OrzeĆ incident
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
370:Soviet-Latvian
367:
355:
354:
349:
348:
345:
344:
340:
339:
333:
332:
331:
330:
325:
323:GermanâLatvian
320:
315:
310:
308:SovietâLatvian
305:
293:
292:
286:
285:
280:
279:
276:
275:
273:
272:
267:
262:
256:
253:
252:
244:
243:
235:
234:
222:
221:
204:
203:
118:
116:
109:
102:
101:
81:the key points
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6725:
6714:
6711:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6701:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6653:
6637:
6633:
6630:
6626:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6582:
6579:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6568:
6563:
6559:
6558:
6556:
6555:Kuril Islands
6552:
6549:
6545:
6540:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6508:
6505:
6501:
6496:
6492:
6491:
6489:
6485:
6482:
6478:
6475:
6471:
6468:
6464:
6461:
6457:
6454:
6450:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6422:
6419:
6415:
6412:
6408:
6405:
6401:
6398:
6394:
6391:
6387:
6386:
6384:
6382:
6378:
6371:
6367:
6362:
6361:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6346:
6342:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6326:
6323:
6322:Syrmian Front
6319:
6316:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6298:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6286:
6285:
6280:
6277:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6268:Market Garden
6264:
6261:
6257:
6254:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6231:
6227:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6213:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6199:
6196:
6192:
6189:
6188:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6164:
6163:
6158:
6155:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6139:
6135:
6132:
6128:
6127:Monte Cassino
6124:
6121:
6120:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6110:
6106:
6099:
6095:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6072:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6058:
6055:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6012:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5998:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5947:
5940:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5924:
5920:
5917:
5913:
5910:
5909:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5844:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5802:
5799:
5795:
5792:
5788:
5785:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5772:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5712:
5709:
5705:
5702:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5684:
5681:
5677:
5674:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5660:
5656:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5642:
5639:
5635:
5631:
5630:
5625:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5602:
5598:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5581:
5577:
5572:
5568:
5567:
5565:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5504:
5501:
5497:
5494:
5493:Baltic states
5490:
5487:
5483:
5480:
5476:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5406:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5329:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5312:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5284:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5205:
5201:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5173:
5168:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5145:
5141:
5138:
5137:United States
5134:
5129:
5125:
5124:
5122:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5073:Quá»c dĂąn ÄáșŁng
5070:
5069:
5065:
5062:
5058:
5055:
5051:
5048:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4978:
4974:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4923:
4920:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4892:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4874:
4871:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4853:
4850:
4846:
4843:
4839:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4816:
4812:
4809:
4805:
4802:
4798:
4795:
4791:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4773:Liechtenstein
4770:
4767:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4683:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4669:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4574:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4560:
4558:
4557:United States
4554:
4549:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4531:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4477:
4474:
4470:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4456:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4311:
4307:
4304:
4300:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4251:
4248:
4247:Comfort women
4244:
4241:
4237:
4234:
4231: /
4230:
4226:
4223:
4220: /
4219:
4216: /
4215:
4211:
4208:
4207:Camp brothels
4204:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4180:
4176:
4173:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4125:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4096:The Holocaust
4093:
4090:
4086:
4083:
4082:forced labour
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:Marshall Plan
3932:
3929:
3928:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3851:
3847:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3831:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3788:Eastern Front
3785:
3782:
3781:Western Front
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3752:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3700:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:Puppet states
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3658:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3617:Naval history
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3564:United States
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3493:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3377:
3375:
3370:
3368:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Russia (KONR)
3099:
3097:
3096:Russia (ODNR)
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:zone réservée
2813:
2812:Atlantic Wall
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Burgundy (SS)
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2354:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2292:Upper Silesia
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2217:Lower Silesia
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2128:
2127:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2052:
2050:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1849:Sovietization
1847:
1845:
1844:Guerrilla war
1842:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:Deportations
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1739:
1737:
1726:
1724:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1704:Baltic states
1698:
1693:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1675:
1666:
1664:0-582-25650-X
1660:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1385:two divisions
1381:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1356:collaborators
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1157:Hinrich Lohse
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1114:sovietization
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1062:Baltic states
1059:
1051:
1047:
1046:Hinrich Lohse
1043:
1038:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
959:
956:
952:
949:
948:
947:
946:
942:
940:
939:
935:
934:
933:
932:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
902:
901:
900:
894:
891:
887:
886:
882:
881:
880:
879:
875:
871:
868:
867:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
852:
851:
846:
840:
836:
828:
823:
821:
816:
814:
809:
808:
805:
794:
789:
787:
782:
780:
775:
774:
772:
771:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
727:
726:
718:
715:
713:
710:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
691:
688:
687:
683:
678:
677:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
658:Tautas fronte
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
605:
601:
596:
595:
585:
582:
580:
577:
576:
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141:Find sources:
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119:This article
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6629:Bibliography
6612:
6425:Project Hula
6390:VistulaâOder
6359:
6292:
6283:
6267:
6237:
6186:
6170:
6161:
6152:
6118:
6015:
5930:
5906:
5876:
5627:
5520:
5465:North Africa
5167:Soviet Union
5121:Soviet Union
5047:Soviet Union
4815:Vatican City
4725:Vichy France
4630:German Reich
4527:Soviet Union
4513:South Africa
4506:Sierra Leone
4459:Newfoundland
4278:Participants
4261:Marocchinate
3965:
3956:
3926:
3804:North Africa
3765:Indian Ocean
3624:Nazi plunder
3515:Cryptography
3388:World War II
3303:SchatzgrÀber
2725:West Prussia
2705:Lower Styria
2643:Holland (SS)
2414:Upper Danube
2409:Lower Danube
2212:Hesse-Nassau
2182:East Prussia
2152:Baden-Alsace
2115:Nazi Germany
2113:divisions of
2102:Nazi Germany
2024:in athletics
1960:Baltic Tiger
1927:Air Policing
1799:
1652:
1635:
1628:Bibliography
1602:
1575:
1571:
1556:
1537:
1523:
1512:, page 149.
1509:
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1315:Nazi Germany
1304:
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1224:
1213:
1207:
1200:Adolf Hitler
1188:slave labour
1183:
1176:colonization
1169:
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1096:in the 1939
1091:
1070:Nazi Germany
1055:
963:
962:
944:
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930:
929:
898:
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884:
877:
849:
623:Estonian SSR
520:
498:
476:
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434:from Estonia
428:Deportations
427:
407:to Lithuania
390:
358:
296:
270:Soviet Union
265:Nazi Germany
210:
192:
183:
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128:Please help
123:verification
120:
92:
76:
74:lead section
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
6360:Bodenplatte
6246:Gothic Line
5472:West Africa
5019:Philippines
4998:Netherlands
4863:Czech lands
4801:Switzerland
4745:Afghanistan
4696:Philippines
4564:Puerto Rico
4480:Philippines
4466:New Zealand
4452:Netherlands
4405:Free France
4156:Prosecution
3957:Osoaviakhim
3827:West Africa
3811:East Africa
3458:Conferences
3180:Netherlands
2980:Netherlands
2720:Sudetenland
2668:occupations
2504:Vistulaland
2381:Sudetenland
2333:Prinz-Eugen
2237:Mecklenburg
2029:in swimming
1289:JĂŒri Uluots
1274:soomepoisid
1082:Lithuanians
1064:were under
885:Oranienbaum
839:the Baltics
628:Latvian SSR
439:from Latvia
186:August 2022
95:August 2022
6652:Categories
6460:West Hunan
6293:Pointblank
5629:Silver Fox
5615:Summer War
5368:Winter War
5347:Phoney War
5128:Azerbaijan
5089:Yugoslavia
4984:Luxembourg
4826:Resistance
4573:Yugoslavia
4438:Luxembourg
4240:Sook Ching
4036:War crimes
3638:Technology
3631:Opposition
3573:Lend-Lease
3550:Australian
3543:Home front
3501:Blitzkrieg
3451:Casualties
3442:Commanders
3414:Operations
3313:Bassgeiger
3293:New Swabia
3261:San Marino
3086:Montenegro
3010:Montenegro
2832:Luxembourg
2710:Luxembourg
2494:Vandalland
2459:Beskidland
2386:Wartheland
2359:Reichsgaus
2172:DĂŒsseldorf
2001:Baltic Cup
1859:Baltic Way
1790:Background
1780:Occupation
1565:0312161921
1456:References
1230:body, the
1209:Peipusland
1192:Germanized
1186:, used as
1056:After the
951:Krasny Bor
945:Polar Star
860:Summer War
705:Lithuanian
663:Rahvarinne
643:Baltic Way
532:Resistance
527:Occupation
510:Resistance
505:Occupation
488:Resistance
483:Occupation
397:to Estonia
282:Background
156:newspapers
38:improve it
6525:Manchuria
6411:Indochina
6187:Bagration
5638:Lithuania
5283:Anschluss
5080:Viet Minh
4977:Lithuania
4919:Hong Kong
4689:Manchukuo
4644:Azad Hind
4303:Australia
4103:Aftermath
3966:Paperclip
3861:Aftermath
3661:Total war
3529:Diplomacy
3492:In Europe
3334:Nordstern
3318:Edelweiss
3226:Turkestan
3216:Don-Volga
3116:Turkestan
3066:Cossackia
3005:Macedonia
2965:Lithuania
2870:Ljubljana
2755:Bialystok
2740:Districts
2404:Carinthia
2297:Weser-Ems
2287:Thuringia
2257:Pomerania
2242:Moselland
2197:Franconia
1923:Military
1879:Geography
1749:Lithuania
1544:. p. 117.
1471:. p. 115.
1389:Waffen SS
1348:Wehrmacht
1278:Waffen-SS
1262:Holocaust
1256:in July.
1250:Wehrmacht
1147:into the
1074:Estonians
925:Sinyavino
878:Leningrad
835:Leningrad
730:Aftermath
537:Holocaust
521:Lithuania
515:Holocaust
493:Holocaust
402:to Latvia
79:summarize
44:talk page
6636:Category
6585:document
6495:document
6352:Ardennes
6336:Budapest
6284:Crossbow
6162:Overlord
6001:Smolensk
5219:Timeline
5054:Slovakia
5040:Thailand
4891:Ethiopia
4856:Bulgaria
4780:Portugal
4718:Thailand
4600:Bulgaria
4378:Eswatini
4371:Ethiopia
4324:Bulgaria
4149:Unit 731
4110:Response
3927:Keelhaul
3877:Cold War
3850:Americas
3841:timeline
3834:Atlantic
3714:Theaters
3327:Proposed
3308:Holzauge
3211:Caucasia
3204:Proposed
3142:Brittany
3135:Proposed
3126:Wallonia
3111:Slovakia
3061:Bulgaria
3035:Wallonia
3025:Slovakia
2940:Flanders
2822:Slovakia
2771:Brussels
2764:Proposed
2730:Zichenau
2700:Lorraine
2648:Lombardy
2631:Proposed
2519:Westland
2509:Wallonia
2489:Nordmark
2484:Gothland
2474:Flanders
2469:Burgundy
2447:Proposed
2419:Salzburg
2326:Proposed
2312:Westmark
2252:NSDAP/AO
2157:Bayreuth
2134:Altreich
2049:Category
2020:Records
1974:Regions
1907:Politics
1785:Timeline
1610:Archived
1580:Archived
1406:and the
1393:Red Army
1252:reached
1215:DĂŒnaland
1161:Red Army
1078:Latvians
1025:Courland
990:Ć iauliai
915:Demyansk
695:Estonian
391:Ultimata
231:a series
229:Part of
6562:Shumshu
6329:Hungary
6276:Estonia
6260:Lapland
6238:Dragoon
6171:Neptune
6153:Ichi-Go
6119:Tempest
6061:Changde
6016:Cottage
5908:Jubilee
5624:Finland
5522:Compass
5228:Prelude
5181:Finland
5067:Vietnam
5033:Romania
4905:Germany
4884:Estonia
4870:Denmark
4849:Belgium
4842:Austria
4835:Albania
4766:Ireland
4752:Andorra
4736:Neutral
4703:Romania
4637:Hungary
4622:Finland
4494:Romania
4386:Finland
4364:Denmark
4310:Belgium
4296:Algeria
4002:Romania
3988:Hungary
3744:Pacific
3468:General
3422:Leaders
3407:Battles
3400:Outline
3286:Founded
3266:Tunisia
3251:Finland
3221:Muscovy
3195:Ukraine
3190:Ostland
3168:Founded
3121:Ukraine
3091:Romania
3081:Hungary
3056:Belarus
3030:Ukraine
2955:Hungary
2935:Denmark
2925:Croatia
2915:Belarus
2910:Austria
2900:Albania
2893:Founded
2803:Croatia
2748:Founded
2598:Galicia
2573:Founded
2479:Galicia
2464:Brabant
2396:Austria
2369:Founded
2343:Holland
2272:Silesia
2207:Hamburg
2145:Founded
2059:Commons
1953:Economy
1758:History
1723:Estonia
1620:Center.
1352:LiepÄja
1338:Rumbula
1266:Ostland
1254:Estonia
1204:annexed
1184:in situ
1145:Belarus
1133:Tallinn
1010:Tallinn
985:Vilnius
893:Tikhvin
841:1941â44
700:Latvian
653:SÄ
jƫdis
477:Estonia
170:scholar
6539:Debate
6511:Taipei
6504:Borneo
6082:Tarawa
5276:Europe
5237:Africa
5026:Poland
5012:Norway
4991:Malaya
4970:Latvia
4912:Greece
4898:France
4794:Sweden
4759:Bhutan
4487:Poland
4473:Norway
4445:Mexico
4412:Greece
4398:France
4336:Canada
4317:Brazil
4287:Allies
4233:Serbia
4222:Poland
3995:Poland
3981:Baltic
3774:Europe
3476:Topics
3428:Allied
3256:Monaco
3185:Norway
3106:Serbia
3076:Greece
3071:France
3049:Exiled
2950:Greece
2945:France
2842:Serbia
2837:Poland
2827:Greece
2808:France
2685:Alsace
2666:German
2618:Warsaw
2608:Lublin
2603:KrakĂłw
2499:Venice
2434:Vienna
2424:Styria
2277:Swabia
2262:Saxony
2162:Berlin
1746:
1736:Latvia
1733:
1720:
1661:
1642:
1594:
1563:
1346:, the
1330:Jewish
1311:Latvia
1153:colony
1080:, and
1060:, the
995:Kaunas
905:Lyuban
499:Latvia
233:on the
172:
165:
158:
151:
143:
6315:Leyte
6145:Narva
6131:Anzio
6089:Makin
6047:Burma
5931:Torch
5900:Rzhev
5861:Kiska
4947:Korea
4933:Japan
4926:Italy
4808:Tibet
4787:Spain
4665:Italy
4426:Italy
4419:India
4343:China
4218:Japan
3818:Italy
3730:China
3682:Women
3279:Other
2975:Lokot
2970:Lepel
2960:Italy
2847:Banat
2715:Posen
2613:Radom
2454:Banat
2192:Essen
1994:Sport
1334:Gypsy
1285:Narva
1227:Balts
1196:Aryan
1190:, or
1137:Memel
1020:Memel
1000:Tartu
975:Narva
938:Iskra
920:Kholm
177:JSTOR
163:books
6381:1945
6109:1944
5950:1943
5878:Blue
5868:Attu
5775:1942
5534:1941
5386:1940
5324:1939
5253:Asia
5100:POWs
4940:Jews
4658:Iraq
4584:Axis
4534:Tuva
4350:Cuba
3435:Axis
3231:Ural
2985:Nias
2905:Asch
2126:Gaus
1659:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1616:The
1592:ISBN
1561:ISBN
1364:(or
1332:and
1151:, a
1131:and
1129:Riga
1005:Riga
964:1944
931:1943
899:1942
850:1941
837:and
149:news
1587:,
1387:of
1317:'s
1068:by
958:Mga
132:by
6654::
6129:/
2814:â§
1549:^
1516:.
1501:^
1452:.
1418:.
1395:.
1370:SD
1076:,
47:.
5632:)
5626:(
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4326:(
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2335:(
2138:)
2130:(
2093:e
2086:t
2079:v
1696:e
1689:t
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1667:.
1272:(
826:e
819:t
812:v
792:e
785:t
778:v
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