McCarthyism - Knowledge

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fired for suspected homosexuality from the State Department alone—a far greater number than were dismissed for their membership in the Communist party. The Cold War and anticommunist efforts provided the setting in which a sustained attack upon gay men and lesbians took place. The history of this 'lavender scare' by the federal government has been extensively documented by historian David Johnson, who has demonstrated that during this era, government officials intentionally engaged in campaigns to associate homosexuality with Communism: 'homosexual' and 'pervert' became synonyms for 'Communist' and 'traitor.' LGBT people were treated as a national-security threat, demanding the attention of Congress, the courts, statehouses, and the media.

2556:, while acknowledging that inexcusable excesses occurred during McCarthyism, argues that some contemporary historians of McCarthyism underplay the un-democratic nature of the CPUSA. At the same time, Haynes, who studied the Venona decryptions extensively, argued that McCarthy's attempts to "make anti-communism a partisan weapon" actually "threatened anti-Communist consensus", thereby ultimately harming anti-Communist efforts more than helping them. Of the 159 people who were identified on lists used or referenced by McCarthy, evidence only substantially proved that nine of them had aided Soviet espionage efforts—while several hundred Soviet spies were actually known based on Venona and other evidence, most were never named by McCarthy. 893:, etc." Some libraries actually burned the newly forbidden books. Though he did not block the State Department from carrying out this order, President Eisenhower publicly criticized the initiative as well, telling the graduating class of Dartmouth College President in 1953: "Don't join the book burners! … Don't be afraid to go to the library and read every book so long as that document does not offend our own ideas of decency—that should be the only censorship." The president then settled for a compromise by retaining the ban on Communist books written by Communists, while also allowing the libraries to keep books on Communism written by anti-Communists. 1471:. Blacklists were at work throughout the entertainment industry, in universities and schools at all levels, in the legal profession, and in many other fields. A port-security program initiated by the Coast Guard shortly after the start of the Korean War required a review of every maritime worker who loaded or worked aboard any American ship, regardless of cargo or destination. As with other loyalty-security reviews of McCarthyism, the identities of any accusers and even the nature of any accusations were typically kept secret from the accused. Nearly 3,000 seamen and longshoremen lost their jobs due to this program alone. 841:, the only two visual artists to be questioned by McCarthy, both took this approach, and emerged relatively unscathed by the experience. However, while this usually protected witnesses from a contempt-of-Congress citation, it was considered grounds for dismissal by many government and private-industry employers. The legal requirements for Fifth Amendment protection were such that a person could not testify about his own association with the Communist Party and then refuse to "name names" of colleagues with communist affiliations. Thus, many faced a choice between "crawl through the mud to be an informer," as actor 1457: 2251: 551:. He brandished a piece of paper, which he claimed contained a list of known communists working for the State Department. McCarthy is usually quoted as saying: "I have here in my hand a list of 205—a list of names that were made known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department." This speech resulted in a flood of press attention to McCarthy and helped establish his path to becoming one of the most recognized politicians in the United States. 620: 814:, the committee began to subpoena screenwriters, directors, and other movie-industry professionals to testify about their known or suspected membership in the Communist Party, association with its members, or support of its beliefs. At these testimonies, this question was asked: "Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party of the United States?" Among the first film industry witnesses subpoenaed by the committee were ten who decided not to cooperate. These men, who became known as the " 2431:, in which the convictions of fourteen Communists were reversed. In Justice Black's opinion, he wrote of the original "Smith Act" trials: "The testimony of witnesses is comparatively insignificant. Guilt or innocence may turn on what Marx or Engels or someone else wrote or advocated as much as a hundred years or more ago… When the propriety of obnoxious or unfamiliar view about government is in reality made the crucial issue, …prejudice makes conviction inevitable except in the rarest circumstances." 2440:, curtailing the power of HUAC to punish uncooperative witnesses by finding them in contempt of Congress. Justice Warren wrote in the decision: "The mere summoning of a witness and compelling him to testify, against his will, about his beliefs, expressions or associations is a measure of governmental interference. And when those forced revelations concern matters that are unorthodox, unpopular, or even hateful to the general public, the reaction in the life of the witness may be disastrous." 2830: 2816: 2220: 579:) to stand on a platform atop a teetering stack of ten tar buckets, the topmost of which is labeled "McCarthyism". Block later wrote: "Nothing particularly ingenious about the term, which is simply used to represent a national affliction that can hardly be described in any other way. If anyone has a prior claim on it, he's welcome to the word and to the junior senator from Wisconsin along with it. I will also throw in a set of free dishes and a case of soap." 13097: 13061: 13107: 321:

real or supposed leftist associations and beliefs were often exaggerated. Many people suffered loss of employment and the destruction of their careers and livelihoods as a result of the crackdowns on suspected communists, and some were outright imprisoned. Most of these reprisals were initiated by trial verdicts that were later overturned, laws that were later struck down as unconstitutional, dismissals for reasons later declared illegal or

692: 2858: 532: 873:) were accused of "losing China", and while some evidence of pro-communist attitudes was found, nothing supported McCarran's accusation that Lattimore was "a conscious and articulate instrument of the Soviet conspiracy". Lattimore was charged with perjuring himself before the SISS in 1952. After many of the charges were rejected by a federal judge and one of the witnesses confessed to perjury, the case was dropped in 1955. 1338: 2844: 1058:, the law was an extension of the Internal Security Act of 1950, and sought to outlaw the Communist Party by declaring that the party, as well as "Communist-Infiltrated Organizations" were "not entitled to any of the rights, privileges, and immunities attendant upon legal bodies." While the Communist Control Act had an odd mix of liberals and conservatives among its supporters, it never had any significant effect. 2233:, one of the most highly respected news reporters and commentators of the 1940s and 1950s, often spoke out against what he saw as the excesses of McCarthyism. On one occasion he warned that many local anti-communist movements constituted a "general attack not only on schools and colleges and libraries, on teachers and textbooks, but on all people who think and write ... in short, on the freedom of the mind". 920:, with the Army and McCarthy trading charges and counter-charges for 36 days before a nationwide television audience. While the official outcome of the hearings was inconclusive, this exposure of McCarthy to the American public resulted in a sharp decline in his popularity. In less than a year, McCarthy was censured by the Senate, and his position as a prominent force in anti-communism was essentially ended. 1152: 728:(NLG) were among the few attorneys who were willing to defend clients in communist-related cases, and this made the NLG a particular target of Hoover's; the office of the NLG was burgled by the FBI at least 14 times between 1947 and 1951. Among other purposes, the FBI used its illegally obtained information to alert prosecuting attorneys about the planned legal strategies of NLG defense lawyers. 710:

and the standards of evidence applied by his bureau resulted in thousands of government workers losing their jobs. Due to Hoover's insistence upon keeping the identity of his informers secret, most subjects of loyalty-security reviews were not allowed to cross-examine or know the identities of those who accused them. In many cases, they were not even told of what they were accused.

1297:. In the government's prosecutions of Communist Party members under the Smith Act (see above), the prosecution case was based not on specific actions or statements by the defendants, but on the premise that a commitment to violent overthrow of the government was inherent in the doctrines of Marxism–Leninism. Passages of the CPUSA constitution that specifically rejected 1449:

cornerstone of American strength and integrity, the description of homosexuals as "sexual perverts" meant that they were both unable to function within a family unit and presented the potential to poison the social body. This era also witnessed the establishment of widely spread FBI surveillance intended to identify homosexual government employees.

325:, and extra-judiciary procedures, such as informal blacklists by employers and public institutions, that would come into general disrepute, though by then many lives had been ruined. The most notable examples of McCarthyism include the investigations of alleged communists that were conducted by Senator McCarthy, and the hearings conducted by the 2311:, that he had an employee in his law firm who had belonged to an organization that had been accused of Communist sympathies. In an exchange that reflected the increasingly negative public opinion of McCarthy, Welch rebuked the senator: "Have you no sense of decency, sir? At long last, have you left no sense of decency?" 774:, President Eisenhower demanded that McCarthy discontinue issuing subpoenas against the CIA. Documents made public in 2004 revealed that the CIA, under Dulles' orders, had broken into McCarthy's Senate office and fed disinformation to him in order to discredit him and stop his investigation from proceeding any further. 1030:, which became law in 1950, has been described by scholar Ellen Schrecker as "the McCarthy era's only important piece of legislation" (the Smith Act technically antedated McCarthyism). However, the McCarran Act had no real effect beyond legal harassment. It required the registration of Communist organizations with the 2417:

was a professor at Brooklyn College who had been fired by New York City for invoking the Fifth Amendment when McCarthy's committee questioned him about his past membership in the Communist Party. The court prohibited such actions, ruling "...we must condemn the practice of imputing a sinister meaning

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of 1940 made the act of "knowingly or willfully advocate, abet, advise or teach the ... desirability or propriety of overthrowing the Government of the United States or of any State by force or violence, or for anyone to organize any association which teaches, advises or encourages such an overthrow,

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The primary targets for persecution were government employees, prominent figures in the entertainment industry, academics, left-wing politicians, and labor union activists. Suspicions were often given credence despite inconclusive and questionable evidence, and the level of threat posed by a person's

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In the early days of the Martin Dies Committee the question had simply been, Are you a member of the Communist Party of the United States? As a countermeasure, the Party adopted a rule that automatically cancelled a Communist's membership the moment the question was asked. He could then answer 'No'

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as a metaphor for McCarthyism, suggesting that the process of McCarthyism-style persecution can occur at any time or place. The play focused on the fact that once accused, a person had little chance of exoneration, given the irrational and circular reasoning of both the courts and the public. Miller

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aired another episode on the issue of McCarthyism, this one attacking Joseph McCarthy himself. Titled "A Report on Senator Joseph R. McCarthy", it used footage of McCarthy speeches to portray him as dishonest, reckless, and abusive toward witnesses and prominent Americans. In his concluding comment,

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wrote: "The present law proceeds on a principle repugnant to our society—guilt by association.... What happens under this law is typical of what happens in a police state. Teachers are under constant surveillance; their pasts are combed for signs of disloyalty; their utterances are watched for clues

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In the federal government, President Truman's Executive Order 9835 initiated a program of loyalty reviews for federal employees in 1947. It called for dismissal if there were "reasonable grounds ... for belief that the person involved is disloyal to the Government of the United States." Truman,

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or Communism, and thought the policies were evidence of too much influence by allegedly communist policy makers in the Roosevelt administration. In general, the vaguely defined danger of "Communist influence" was a more common theme in the rhetoric of anti-communist politicians than was espionage or

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From 1947 to 1961, more than 5,000 allegedly homosexual federal civil servants lost their jobs in the purges for no reason other than sexual orientation, and thousands of applicants were also rejected for federal employment for the same reason. During this period, more than 1,000 men and women were

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At this time, private loyalty review boards and anti-communist investigators began to appear to fill a growing demand among certain industries to certify that their employees were above reproach. Companies that were concerned about the sensitivity of their business, or which, like the entertainment

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designed President Truman's loyalty-security program, and its background investigations of employees were carried out by FBI agents. This was a major assignment that led to the number of agents in the bureau being increased from 3,559 in 1946 to 7,029 in 1952. Hoover's sense of the communist threat

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The Lavender Scare helped fan the flames of the Red Scare. In popular discourse, communists and homosexuals were often conflated. Both groups were perceived as hidden subcultures with their own meeting places, literature, cultural codes, and bonds of loyalty. Both groups were thought to recruit to

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We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason, if we dig deep in our history and our

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It is now evident that the present Administration has fully embraced, for political advantage, McCarthyism. I am not referring to the Senator from Wisconsin. He is only important in that his name has taken on the dictionary meaning of the word. It is the corruption of truth, the abandonment of the

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to investigate possible communist-action and communist-front organizations so they could be required to register. Due to numerous hearings, delays, and appeals, the act was never enforced, even with regard to the Communist Party of the United States itself, and the major provisions of the act were

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At such hearings, the subject usually did not have a right to the presence of an attorney, and as with HUAC, the interviewee might be asked to defend himself against accusations without being allowed to cross-examine the accuser. These agencies kept cross-referenced lists of leftist organizations,

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of these libraries were searched for works by authors McCarthy deemed inappropriate. McCarthy then recited the list of supposedly pro-communist authors before his subcommittee and the press. Yielding to the pressure, the State Department ordered its overseas librarians to remove from their shelves

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Similar loyalty reviews were established in many state and local government offices and some private industries across the nation. In 1958, an estimated one of every five employees in the United States was required to pass some sort of loyalty review. Once a person lost a job due to an unfavorable

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of March 21, 1947, required that all federal civil-service employees be screened for "loyalty". The order said that one basis for determining disloyalty would be a finding of "membership in, affiliation with or sympathetic association" with any organization determined by the attorney general to be

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started keeping a list of organizations that it deemed subversive beginning in 1942. This list was first made public in 1948, when it included 78 groups. At its longest, it comprised 154 organizations, 110 of them identified as Communist. In the context of a loyalty review, membership in a listed

313:. The term has since taken on a broader meaning, describing the excesses of similar efforts to crack down on alleged "subversive" elements. In the early 21st century, the term is used more generally to describe reckless and unsubstantiated accusations of treason and far-left extremism, along with 2545:

extreme measures. The opposing view holds that, recent revelations notwithstanding, by the time McCarthyism began in the late 1940s, the CPUSA was an ineffectual fringe group, and the damage done to U.S. interests by Soviet spies after World War II was minimal. Historian Ellen Schrecker states, "

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that considered impolite any discussion of the very real threat Communism posed to Western values and security." After revelations of Soviet spy networks from the declassified Venona project, Moynihan wondered: "Might less secrecy have prevented the liberal overreaction to McCarthyism as well as

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The McCarthy hearings and according "sexual pervert" investigations can be seen to have been driven by a desire to identify individuals whose ability to function as loyal citizens had been compromised. McCarthy began his campaign by drawing upon the ways in which he embodied traditional American

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Homosexuality was classified as a psychiatric disorder in the 1950s. However, in the context of the highly politicized Cold War environment, homosexuality became framed as a dangerous, contagious social disease that posed a potential threat to state security. As the family was believed to be the

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attracted by the party's militance against various forms of social injustice." Furthermore, based on later declassified evidence, "The paradoxical lesson from several decades of scholarship is that the same organization that inspired democratic idealists in the pursuit of social justice also was

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According to historian Richard G. Powers, McCarthy added "bogus specificity" to "sweeping accusation", gaining support among "countersubversive anticommunists" on one hand, who sought to find and punish perceived communists. On the other hand, "liberal anticommunists" believed that the Communist

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made a series of rulings on civil and political rights that overturned several key laws and legislative directives, and helped bring an end to the Second Red Scare. Historians have suggested since the 1980s that as McCarthy's involvement was less central than that of others, a different and more

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to the exercise of a person's constitutional right under the Fifth Amendment… The privilege against self-incrimination would be reduced to a hollow mockery if its exercise could be taken as equivalent either to a confession of guilt or a conclusive presumption of perjury." In addition, the 1956

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in 1938. A significant step for HUAC was its investigation of the charges of espionage brought against Alger Hiss in 1948. This investigation ultimately resulted in Hiss's trial and conviction for perjury, and convinced many of the usefulness of congressional committees for uncovering communist

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In the view of some contemporary commentators, the revelations from Venona and other archives on espionage stand as at least a partial vindication of McCarthyism. Some, such as Goldberg, feel that a genuinely dangerous subversive element was in the United States, and that this danger justified

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In addition, it was often claimed that the party didn't allow members to resign; thus someone who had been a member for a short time decades previously could be thought a current member. Many of the hearings and trials of McCarthyism featured testimony by former Communist Party members such as

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found that at his peak in January 1954, 50% of the American public supported McCarthy, while 29% had an unfavorable opinion. His support fell to 34% in June 1954. Republicans tended to like what McCarthy was doing and Democrats did not, though McCarthy had significant support from traditional

467:, a high-level State Department official, was convicted of perjury. Hiss was in effect found guilty of espionage; the statute of limitations had run out for that crime, but he was convicted of having perjured himself when he denied that charge in earlier testimony before the HUAC. In Britain, 1440:

was also a common cause for being targeted by McCarthyism. The hunt for "sexual perverts", who were presumed to be subversive by nature, resulted in over 5,000 federal workers being fired, and thousands were harassed and denied employment. Many have termed this aspect of McCarthyism the

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The political divisions McCarthyism created in the United States continue to make themselves manifest, and the politics and history of anti-communism in the United States are still contentious. Portions of the massive security apparatus established during the McCarthy era still exist.

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has entered American speech as a general term for a variety of practices: aggressively questioning a person's patriotism, making poorly supported accusations, using accusations of disloyalty to pressure a person to adhere to conformist politics or to discredit an opponent, subverting

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Hoover's influence extended beyond federal government employees and beyond the loyalty-security programs. The records of loyalty review hearings and investigations were supposed to be confidential, but Hoover routinely gave evidence from them to congressional committees such as HUAC.

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Although right-wing radicals were the bedrock of support for McCarthyism, they were not alone. A broad "coalition of the aggrieved" found McCarthyism attractive, or at least politically useful. Common themes uniting the coalition were opposition to internationalism, particularly the

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due process law. It is the use of the big lie and the unfounded accusation against any citizen in the name of Americanism or security. It is the rise to power of the demagogue who lives on untruth; it is the spreading of fear and the destruction of faith in every level of society.

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for the professional and financial damage they caused. Although some informal blacklisting continued, the private "loyalty checking" agencies were soon a thing of the past. Even before the Faulk verdict, many in Hollywood had decided it was time to break the blacklist. In 1960,

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The act was successfully applied only twice. In 1954 it was used to prevent Communist Party members from appearing on the New Jersey state ballot, and in 1960, it was cited to deny the CPUSA recognition as an employer under New York state's unemployment compensation system. The

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wrote in his biography of Joseph McCarthy, "he United States Supreme Court took judicial notice of the rents McCarthy was making in the fabric of liberty and thereupon wrote a series of decisions that have made the fabric stronger than before." Two Eisenhower appointees to the

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McCarthy next turned his attention to the case of a U.S. Army dentist who had been promoted to the rank of major despite having refused to answer questions on an Army loyalty review form. McCarthy's handling of this investigation, including a series of insults directed at a

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McCarthyism itself?" He described the situation during the McCarthy era as "ignorant armies clashed by night". With McCarthy advocating an extremist view, the discussion of communist subversion was made into a civil rights issue instead of a counterintelligence one.

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A number of anti-communist committees, panels, and "loyalty review boards" in federal, state, and local governments, as well as many private agencies, carried out investigations for small and large companies concerned about possible Communists in their work forces.

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Estimating the number of victims of McCarthy is difficult. The number imprisoned is in the hundreds, and some ten or twelve thousand lost their jobs. In many cases, simply being subpoenaed by HUAC or one of the other committees was sufficient cause to be fired.

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loyalty review, finding other employment could be very difficult. "A man is ruined everywhere and forever," in the words of the chairman of President Truman's Loyalty Review Board. "No responsible employer would be likely to take a chance in giving him a job."

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in areas it had occupied across Central and Eastern Europe. In a March 1947 address to Congress, Truman enunciated a new foreign policy doctrine that committed the United States to opposing Soviet geopolitical expansion. This doctrine came to be known as the

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in 1947 to screen federal employees for possible association with organizations deemed "totalitarian, fascist, communist, or subversive", or advocating "to alter the form of Government of the United States by unconstitutional means." The following year, the

946:. This statement announced the firing of the Hollywood Ten and stated: "We will not knowingly employ a Communist or a member of any party or group which advocates the overthrow of the government of the United States..." This marked the beginning of the 2143:

The nation was by no means united behind the policies and activities that have come to be associated with McCarthyism. The critics of various aspects of McCarthyism included many figures not generally noted for their liberalism. In his overridden

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was so completely under Moscow's control that any American communist was a puppet of the Soviet intelligence services. This view, if restricted to the Communist Party's leadership is supported by recent documentation from the archives of the

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In the mid and late 1950s, the attitudes and institutions of McCarthyism slowly weakened. Changing public sentiments heavily contributed to the decline of McCarthyism. Its decline may also be charted through a series of court decisions.

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The House Committee on Un-American Activities (commonly referred to as the HUAC) was the most prominent and active government committee involved in anti-communist investigations. Formed in 1938 and known as the Dies Committee, named for

798:, who chaired it until 1944, HUAC investigated a variety of "activities", including those of German-American Nazis during World War II. The committee soon focused on communism, beginning with an investigation into communists in the 377:"totalitarian, fascist, communist or subversive" or advocating or approving the forceful denial of constitutional rights to other persons or seeking "to alter the form of Government of the United States by unconstitutional means". 972:

were published to keep track of communist and leftist organizations and individuals. Insofar as the various blacklists of McCarthyism were actual physical lists, they were created and maintained by these private organizations.

721:" that distributed anonymous documents with evidence from FBI files of communist affiliations on the part of teachers, lawyers, and others. Many people accused in these "blind memoranda" were fired without any further process. 2130:

decided that "under the circumstances ... it wasn't wise for them to bring this book out." He learned that investigators were questioning his colleagues and relatives. The University of Minnesota press published his volume,

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on March 28, 1950 ("Their little spree with McCarthyism is no aid to consultation"). The paper became one of the earliest and most consistent critics of the Senator. The next recorded use happened on the following day, in a

1259:, showing that Moscow provided financial support to the CPUSA and had significant influence on CPUSA policies. J. Edgar Hoover commented in a 1950 speech, "Communist members, body and soul, are the property of the Party." 2649:

tells the story of the director of a (fictional) radio show, broadcast live at the time, who is given a deadline to investigate his cast for alleged links to communism. The novel recounts the devastating effects on all

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to drawing parallels between past opposition to McCarthy and McCarthyism and the policies and beliefs of modern-day liberals, arguing that the former hindered the anti-communist cause and the latter hindered the

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had a contempt for McCarthyism. Sociologist Edward Shils criticized an excessive policy of secrecy during the Cold War, that led to the misdirection of McCarthyism, which was addressed during the 1994–1997

857:(SISS), formed in 1950 and charged with ensuring the enforcement of laws relating to "espionage, sabotage, and the protection of the internal security of the United States". The SISS was headed by Democrat 1238:

Democratic ethnic groups, especially Catholics, as well as many unskilled workers and small-business owners. (McCarthy himself was a Catholic.) He had very little support among union members and Jews.

1023:. Many were convicted on the basis of testimony that was later admitted to be false. By 1957, 140 leaders and members of the Communist Party had been charged under the law, of whom 93 were convicted. 2491:

remain in effect. However, the act's detention provision was repealed in 1971. The McCarran Act's Communist registration requirement was declared unconstitutional in the 1965 Supreme Court ruling in

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industry, felt particularly vulnerable to public opinion, made use of these private services. For a fee, these teams investigated employees and questioned them about their politics and affiliations.

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started the next year, significantly raising tensions and fears of impending communist upheavals in the United States. In a speech in February 1950, McCarthy claimed to have a list of members of the

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their ranks the psychologically weak or disturbed. And both groups were considered immoral and godless. Many people believed that the two groups were working together to undermine the government.

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The historical period that came to be known as the McCarthy era began well before Joseph McCarthy's own involvement in it. Many factors contributed to McCarthyism, some of them with roots in the

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These organized tens of thousands of housewives into study groups, letter-writing networks, and patriotic clubs that coordinated efforts to identify and eradicate what they saw as subversion.

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was passed. This law allowed the government to deport immigrants or naturalized citizens engaged in subversive activities and also to bar suspected subversives from entering the country.

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In 1953, Robert K. Murray, a young professor of history at Pennsylvania State University who had served as an intelligence officer in World War II, was revising his dissertation on the

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Those who sought to justify McCarthyism did so largely through their characterization of communism, and American communists in particular. Proponents of McCarthyism claimed that the

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network, allowing the public to view first-hand McCarthy's interrogation of individuals and his controversial tactics. In one exchange, McCarthy reminded the attorney for the Army,

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The FBI engaged in a number of illegal practices in its pursuit of information on communists, including burglaries, opening mail, and illegal wiretaps. The members of the left-wing

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affairs had raised the issue of Soviet espionage in 1945, events in 1949 and 1950 sharply increased the sense of threat in the United States related to communism. The Soviet Union

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A number of observers have compared the oppression of liberals and leftists during the McCarthy period to 2000s-era actions against suspected terrorists, most of them Muslims. In

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Hundreds of communists and others were prosecuted under this law between 1941 and 1957. Eleven leaders of the Communist Party were convicted under the Smith Act in 1949 in the

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accused Democratic liberals of a "neurotic, election-year anxiety to escape the charge of being 'soft on Communism' even at the expense of sacrificing constitutional rights."

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of 1950, President Truman wrote, "In a free country, we punish men for the crimes they commit, but never for the opinions they have." Truman also unsuccessfully vetoed the

13304: 13299: 3631: 5456: 2730:, with footage of the hearings seen on a television set. The characters reveal they are being blackmailed by Mr. Boddy, who threatens to expose their secrets to the HUAC. 1233:

In addition, as Richard Rovere points out, many ordinary Americans became convinced that there must be "no smoke without fire" and lent their support to McCarthyism. The

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in 1953 and 1954, and during that time, used it for a number of his communist-hunting investigations. McCarthy first examined allegations of communist influence in the

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For the vast majority, both the potential for them to do harm to the nation and the nature of their communist affiliation were tenuous. After the extremely damaging "

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banned membership in subversive organizations, which was interpreted as being anti-labor legislation. The Hatch Act would allow for the reduction of influence of the

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The FBI also used illegal undercover operations to disrupt communist and other dissident political groups. In 1956, Hoover was becoming increasingly frustrated by

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Other forces encouraged the rise of McCarthyism. The more conservative politicians in the United States had historically referred to progressive reforms, such as

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decryptions of coded Soviet messages, the Soviet Union was found to have engaged in substantial espionage activities in the United States during the 1940s. The

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is a 1991 American drama film about the Hollywood blacklist, McCarthyism, and the activities of the HUAC. Written and directed by Irwin Winkler, it starred

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decisions that limited the Justice Department's ability to prosecute communists. At this time, he formalized a covert "dirty tricks" program under the name

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took office in 1953, he strengthened and extended Truman's loyalty review program, while decreasing the avenues of appeal available to dismissed employees.

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organization was meant to raise a question, but not to be considered proof of disloyalty. One of the most common causes of suspicion was membership in the

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David H. Price. 2004. Threatening Anthropology: McCarthyism and the FBI's Surveillance of Activist Anthropologists. Duke University Press, March 30, 2004

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also was substantially funded and its policies controlled by the Soviet Union, and accusations existed that CPUSA members were often recruited as spies.

2333: 4680:. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Law and Public Policy at UCLA School of Law. p. 5-3. Archived from 2192:

is not what it used to be in America", and decried "cancerous tentacles of 'know nothing, suspect everything' attitudes". Six other Republican senators—

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What became known as the McCarthy era began before McCarthy's rise to national fame. Following the breakdown of the wartime East-West alliance with the

14425: 13294: 12146: 11993: 8975: 3271: 908:. McCarthy garnered some headlines with stories of a dangerous spy ring among the Army researchers, but ultimately nothing came of this investigation. 3020: 218:, who had spearheaded the campaign, gradually lost his public popularity and credibility after several of his accusations were found to be false. The 14385: 13064: 2803:, also based on the 2007 novel by Thomas Mallon, centers on the decades-long romance between two men who first meet during the height of McCarthyism. 830: 819: 14400: 14390: 12546: 12171: 12120: 10630: 10157: 8907: 7812: 7220: 5007: 2493: 2167:

swearing they were not and had never been Communists. In 1953, after he left office, Truman criticized the contemporary Eisenhower administration:

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In the future, witnesses (in the entertainment industries and otherwise) who were determined not to cooperate with the committee would claim their

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and various other anti-communist organizations. One core element of support was a variety of militantly anti-communist women's groups such as the

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Various historians and pundits have discussed alleged Soviet-directed infiltration of the U.S. government and the possible collaboration of high

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Flier issued in May 1955 by the Keep America Committee urging readers to "fight communistic world government" by opposing public health programs

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During the following year, evidence of increased sophistication in Soviet Cold War espionage activities was found in the West. In January 1950,

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Efforts to protect the United States from the perceived threat of communist subversion were particularly enabled by several federal laws. The

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Sears, Brad; Hunter, Nan D.; Mallory, Christy (2009). "5: The Legacy of Discriminatory State Laws, Policies, and Practices, 1945–Present".

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Haynes, John Earl. "The Cold War debate continues: A traditionalist view of historical writing on domestic Communism and anti-Communism."

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from using the authority of its own regulations to refuse or revoke passports based on an applicant's communist beliefs or associations.

2242:, thus approving a law that allowed state loyalty review boards to fire teachers deemed "subversive". In his dissenting opinion, Justice 1102: 982: 157: 7851: 4192: 1011:. Ten defendants were given sentences of five years and the eleventh was sentenced to three years. The defense attorneys were cited for 13586: 12673: 12619: 12583: 12156: 11545: 10670: 6379: 6169: 5992: 4740: 3767: 2670:

later wrote: "The more I read into the Salem panic, the more it touched off corresponding images of common experiences in the fifties."

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increased its membership through the 1930s, reaching a peak of about 75,000 members in 1940–41. While the United States was engaged in

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publications, rallies, charities, and the like, as well as lists of individuals who were known or suspected communists. Books such as

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ejected founding member Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, saying that her membership in the Communist Party was enough to disqualify her as a

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were arrested in 1950 in the United States on charges of stealing atomic-bomb secrets for the Soviets, and were executed in 1953.

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for advocating the violent overthrow of the government. The death penalty for membership in the Communist Party was discussed in

1040: 3638: 14430: 14420: 12239: 12078: 12063: 11988: 11971: 10640: 8912: 2340:. Almost uniquely among the many victims of blacklisting, Faulk decided to sue AWARE in 1957 and finally won the case in 1962. 2279:'s methods, which included presenting evidence in a sealed envelope that Radulovich and his attorney were not allowed to open. 788: 660: 326: 110: 3924: 2275:, a former reserve Air Force lieutenant who was accused of associating with Communists. The show was strongly critical of the 1230:, in which he asserted that "McCarthyism ... is a movement around which men of good will and stern morality can close ranks." 494:, as "communist" or "Red plots", trying to raise fears against such changes. They used similar terms during the 1930s and the 269:

heightened concern in the West about Communist parties seizing power and the possibility of subversion. In 1949, a high-level

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McCarthyism also attracts controversy purely as a historical issue. Through declassified documents from Soviet archives and

869:. As had been done numerous times before, the collection of scholars and diplomats associated with Lattimore (the so-called 13496: 11884: 10797: 9477: 9402: 9062: 8662: 7904: 5791: 397: 6764: 5453: 811: 651:, referred to the new rules he was obliged to enforce as "just not the American way of doing things." The following year, 14365: 14360: 13481: 13090: 12507: 12257: 11810: 11750: 11340: 10854: 10675: 9082: 8215: 2498: 1035: 675: 8324: 8252: 6614: 6415:

Chasing Spies: How the FBI Failed in Counter-Intelligence But Promoted the Politics of McCarthyism in the Cold War Years

4254:

Marmor, Judd, Viola W. Bernard, and Perry Ottenberg, "Psychodynamics of Group Opposition to Mental Health Programs", in

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were fundamental flaws that help explain why and how it was demonized. On the other hand, most American Communists were

1270:, called McCarthy "the greatest asset the Kremlin has" by "torpedo the bipartisan foreign policy of the United States." 1050:

was passed with overwhelming support in both houses of Congress after very little debate. Jointly drafted by Republican

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In the film industry, more than 300 actors, authors, and directors were denied work in the U.S. through the unofficial

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On November 25, 1947, the day after the House of Representatives approved citations of contempt for the Hollywood Ten,

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whose beliefs preclude them from pledging absolute loyalty to the state). At the federal level, a few portions of the

14291: 14271: 13997: 13687: 12234: 12224: 11760: 11397: 11234: 10817: 9849: 9412: 8682: 8623: 7254: 7170: 5887: 5674: 3474: 2595: 1381: 1211: 913: 683:, a left-leaning organization that offered lectures on literature, classical music concerts, and discounts on books. 270: 266: 8420: 1363: 667:. Oppenheimer had received a top-secret clearance in 1947, but was denied clearance in the harsher climate of 1954. 13677: 13642: 13546: 13476: 12533: 11787: 11616: 11449: 11409: 11288: 10822: 9552: 9547: 9042: 9005: 8734: 8180: 7744: 4114: 1755: 629: 599:. Between 1949 and 1954, a total of 109 investigations were carried out by these and other committees of Congress. 576: 227:

accurate term should be used instead that more accurately conveys the breadth of the phenomenon, and that the term

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dealt with the McCarthy-era Hollywood blacklist. The film was made by those blacklisted: producer and director

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Some of the notable people who were blacklisted or suffered some other persecution during McCarthyism include:

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With this court decision, the private blacklisters and those who used them were put on notice that they were

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voted 67 to 22 to condemn McCarthy for "conduct that tends to bring the Senate into dishonor and disrepute".

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Harassed by anti-Communist groups, denied reentry to United States, thus prevented from acting in the movie

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and gained a reputation for careful and extensive investigations. This committee spent a year investigating

452:'s communist army gained control of mainland China despite heavy American financial support of the opposing 14124: 13657: 13652: 13227: 12518: 12492: 12478: 12453: 12443: 12394: 12310: 11917: 11427: 11201: 11095: 10880: 10806: 9683: 9643: 9613: 9562: 9422: 9340: 9336: 9207: 9137: 8902: 8719: 8485: 8380: 8312: 5439: 3012: 2480: 664: 17: 14296: 13662: 13617: 13566: 13461: 12948: 12844: 12414: 11683: 11060: 11025: 10655: 10127: 10122: 9839: 9517: 9245: 8990: 8949: 8893: 8796: 8677: 8635: 8540: 8065: 8019: 5166: 3916: 992: 807: 767: 575:. The cartoon depicts four leading Republicans trying to push an elephant (the traditional symbol of the 7606:

Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies

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Investigated by the FBI and brought before HUAC for having registered as a Communist supporter in 1936:

942:, issued a press release on behalf of the heads of the major studios that came to be referred to as the 30:

This article is about the events during the cold war. For general information about the phenomenon, see

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For example, California's "Levering Oath" law, declared unconstitutional in 1967: Fried (1997), p. 124.

2727: 2619: 2576:"in effect resurrects the philosophy of McCarthyism, simply substituting 'terrorist' for 'communist'." 2300: 2238: 1168: 917: 480: 445: 162: 6669: 3013:"UI Press | Robert M. Lichtman | The Supreme Court and McCarthy-Era Repression: One Hundred Decisions" 845:

put it, or becoming known as a "Fifth Amendment Communist"—an epithet often used by Senator McCarthy.

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in 1949, earlier than many analysts had expected, raising the stakes in the Cold War. That same year,

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Documenting Discrimination on the Basis of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in State Employment

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In March 1950, McCarthy had initiated a series of investigations into potential infiltration of the

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or for anyone to become a member of or to affiliate with any such association" a criminal offense.

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Little 'Red Scares' : Anti-Communism and Political Repression in the United States, 1921–1946

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began, pitting U.S., U.N., and South Korean forces against communists from North Korea and China.

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activities. Owing in part to its success in organizing labor unions and its early opposition to

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Covering McCarthyism: how the 'Christian Science Monitor' handled Joseph R. McCarthy, 1950–1954

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banned any communist or "Muscovite model of police-state dictatorship" from owning arms, while

1016: 725: 10577: 7855: 6480:"Reflections on Ellen Schrecker and Maurice Isserman's essay, 'The Right's Cold War Revision'" 5767: 5761: 5727: 5721: 5552: 4474:"President Harry S. Truman Responds to Senator Joseph R. McCarthy's Accusations of Disloyalty" 4397: 4391: 4330: 4324: 4299: 4090: 4084: 2261:

One of the most influential opponents of McCarthyism was the famed CBS newscaster and analyst

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McCarthyism did more damage to the constitution than the American Communist Party ever did."

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Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism

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ruling also greatly weakened the ability to discriminate in the federal civilian workforce.

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In the mid 20th century, this attitude was not confined to arch-conservatives. In 1940, the

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In addition to the federal laws and responding to the worries of the local opinion, several

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and given prison sentences. In 1951, 23 other leaders of the party were indicted, including

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Harassed by anti-Communist groups, denied reentry to United States while traveling abroad:

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The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government

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without perjuring himself. The final wording was adopted to circumvent the Party's tactic.

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working in the State Department, which attracted substantial press attention, and the term

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In Congress, the primary bodies that investigated Communist activities were the HUAC, the

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The Einstein File: J. Edgar Hoover's Secret War Against the World's Most Famous Scientist

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This broadcast has been cited as a key episode in bringing about the end of McCarthyism.

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called the act "a monstrosity", "a wretched repudiation of democratic principles," while

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Im Visier des FBI: deutsche Exilschriftsteller in den Akten amerikanischer Geheimdienste

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Some of these states had very severe, or even extreme, laws against communism. In 1950,

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Search for the American right wing: An analysis of the social science record, 1955–1987

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Freedom on My Mind: The Columbia Documentary History of the African American Experience

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Blacklisted, imprisoned for three months for contempt of Congress: Sabin (1999), p. 75.

5235: 4544: 2666: 2377: 2358: 2332:. Host of an afternoon comedy radio show, Faulk was a leftist active in his union, the 2243: 1985: 1731: 1413: 1314: 1008: 897: 732: 10437: 10266: 7669: 3801: 1611: 14321: 14301: 14226: 14180: 13952: 13842: 13762: 13169: 13106: 12869: 12824: 12764: 12739: 12694: 12637: 11874: 11705: 11518: 11105: 10900: 10861: 10754: 10607: 10552: 10527: 10482: 10412: 10387: 10352: 10342: 10311: 10198: 10082: 10052: 9789: 9779: 9693: 9587: 9432: 9147: 8944: 8801: 8754: 8652: 8603: 8577: 8555: 8395: 8375: 8319: 8307: 8121: 7956: 7920: 7792: 7763: 7740: 7721: 7699: 7654: 7633: 7626: 7610: 7586: 7562: 7521: 7500: 7472:

Selverstone, Marc J. "A Literature So Immense: The Historiography of Anticommunism."

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and felt a need to counter growing criticism from conservatives and anti-communists.

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confessed to committing espionage on behalf of the Soviet Union while working on the

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A Talent for Trouble: The Life of Hollywood's Most Acclaimed Director, William Wyler

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American Science in an Age of Anxiety: scientists, anticommunism, & the cold war

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Red Scare or Red Menace?: American Communism and Anti Communism in the Cold War Era

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Lee W. Formwalt, "Robert Murray's Two Red Scares," in OAH Newsletter, November 2003

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Merrill, Dennis (2006). "The Truman Doctrine: Containing Communism and Modernity".

2968: 2849: 2835: 2772: 2768: 2690: 2641: 2591: 2553: 2520: 2450: 2364: 2329: 2262: 2255: 2205: 2201: 2074: 2045: 1894: 1845: 1824: 1707: 1503: 1497: 1274: 1090: 881: 619: 495: 393: 13777: 6440: 6056: 4619:: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight against America's Enemies 417: 14334: 14246: 14194: 14072: 13912: 13852: 13832: 13782: 13767: 13742: 13316: 13214: 13121: 12967: 12904: 12859: 12759: 11765: 11698: 11594: 11555: 11439: 11382: 11254: 11157: 11055: 10975: 10970: 10920: 10736: 10592: 10582: 10567: 10547: 10532: 10507: 10452: 10217: 10185: 10077: 10037: 9799: 9794: 9734: 9675: 9407: 9285: 9112: 9077: 8985: 8980: 8704: 8598: 8272: 8205: 8195: 8160: 8116: 8103: 8055: 7784: 7604: 7515: 7497:

The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB

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Hide in Plain Sight: The Hollywood Blacklistees in Film and Television, 1950–2002

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secretive, authoritarian, and morally compromised by ties to the Stalin regime."

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Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator

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Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator

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Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator

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opened the Bureau's files, 'McCarthyism' would probably be called 'Hooverism'."

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audits, and the like. The COINTELPRO program remained in operation until 1971.

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McCarthy's involvement in these issues began publicly with a speech he made on

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Subpoenaed by New Hampshire Attorney General, indicted for contempt of court:

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HUAC achieved its greatest fame and notoriety with its investigation into the

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based on a model of their unemployed councils. The Alien Registration Act or

935: 905: 885: 838: 815: 437: 180: 93: 83: 7580: 6641: 6528: 6506: 6479: 6350: 5575:

Blacklisted and unemployed, committed suicide in 1955: Fried (1990), p. 156.

1263:

Party was "despicable and annoying" but ultimately politically irrelevant.

14131: 14022: 13987: 13902: 13892: 13882: 13857: 13802: 13792: 13772: 13727: 11846: 11782: 11323: 10512: 10462: 10392: 10382: 10236: 10224: 10211: 10017: 9844: 9345: 8593: 8443: 8302: 8297: 8292: 7998: 7192: 5197: 2908: 2863: 2749: 2661: 2524: 2468: 2401: 2209: 1979: 1961: 1857: 1851: 1812: 1773: 1689: 1666: 1648: 1593: 1581: 1509: 1491: 1207: 996: 960: 884:, and then turned to the overseas library program of the State Department. 858: 771: 405: 401: 317:

personal attacks on the character and patriotism of political adversaries.

245: 219: 214:

during the late 1940s through the 1950s. After the mid-1950s, U.S. Senator

7685:

Dying for Joe McCarthy's Sins: The Suicide of Wyoming Senator Lester Hunt.

5671:

The Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy

3973: 2504: 2219: 1273:

Historian Landon R. Y. Storrs writes that the CPUSA's "secretiveness, its

853:

In the Senate, the primary committee for investigating communists was the

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Writings on the Wall: Searching for a New Equality Beyond Black and White

3497:"The Constitution of the Truman Presidency and the Post–World War II Era" 2913: 2721: 2710: 2694: 2686: 2682: 2623: 2580: 2390: 2381: 2230: 2197: 2193: 2157: 2057: 2009: 2003: 1973: 1922: 1882: 1878: 1839: 1695: 1654: 1642: 1635:, pre-Keynesian Harvard economist, US Treasury monetary policy specialist 1479: 1417: 1234: 1199: 1132: 1112:

enacted life imprisonment for subversive propaganda; the following year,

870: 842: 544: 512: 468: 223: 7375:

Mightier Than the Sword: How the News Media Have Shaped American History

6222:

Izumi, Masumi (May 2005). "Prohibiting 'American Concentration Camps'".

5477: 14152: 13932: 13371: 13182: 11825: 11733: 11639: 11572: 11345: 10316: 10027: 9997: 9951: 9866: 9834: 9826: 9769: 9457: 9172: 8861: 8749: 8355: 7878:. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home. 7517:

Showdown at High Noon: Witch-hunts, Critics, and the End of the Western

7467: 7394: 5860:

McCarthy's Americans: Red Scare Politics in State and Nation, 1935–1965

5374:

Investigation of Communist Activities in the Los Angeles Area – Part 5,

4473: 2933: 2646: 2267: 2027: 2021: 1991: 1872: 1785: 1737: 1534: 1425: 1083: 1070: 736: 464: 457: 453: 449: 282: 97: 63: 11661: 8970: 7251:

Crisis on the Left: Cold War Politics and American Liberals, 1947–1954

5884:

Imperial Brotherhood: Gender and the Making of Cold War Foreign Policy

3153: 2536:. As Moynihan put it, "reaction to McCarthy took the form of a modish 2404:

made a series of rulings that helped bring an end to the McCarthyism.

659:

that built the first atomic bomb, then working as a consultant to the

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The Supreme Court and McCarthy-Era Repression: One Hundred Decisions.

2923: 2903: 2677: 2461: 2337: 2180:, a Maine Republican, delivered a speech to the Senate she called a " 2164: 1910: 1761: 1701: 1671: 1255:

as well as post-war decodes of wartime Soviet radio traffic from the

1113: 1000: 507: 385: 314: 203: 31: 7582:

Treason: Liberal Treachery from the Cold War to the War on Terrorism

7559:

The Great Fear: The Anti-Communist Purge Under Truman and Eisenhower

7487: 7102:

Cold War, Cool Medium: Television, McCarthyism, and American Culture

6643:

Treason: Liberal Treachery from the Cold War to the War on Terrorism

5720:

Manning, Marable; McMillian, John; Frazier ), Nishani, eds. (2003).

3120: 1366:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 1131:

Municipalities and counties also enacted anti-communist ordinances:

1099:

California Senate Factfinding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities

691: 231:

is, in the modern day, outdated. Ellen Schrecker has suggested that

13942: 13867: 13388: 13187: 11867: 11805: 11577: 11496: 10191: 10032: 9929: 9804: 9623: 9527: 8667: 8525: 7979: 7462:

Reeves, Thomas C. "McCarthyism: Interpretations since Hofstadter."

7187: 6787: 3870: 2928: 1807: 1282: 1184: 1109: 572: 499: 425:, and it guided United States support for anti-communist forces in 413: 392:, and offering an alternative to the ills of capitalism during the 359: 333: 304: 46: 9311:

Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

7057: 4770:

The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as Sexual Regulation

2292:

doctrine, and remember that we are not descended from fearful men.

531: 416:

began almost immediately, as the Soviet Union installed communist

210:

of communist and Soviet influence on American institutions and of

14281: 10137: 10022: 10012: 9961: 9502: 8247: 5376:

United States Congress, House Committee on Un-American Activities

3802:"See it Now: A Report on Senator Joseph R. McCarthy (transcript)" 2184:". In a clear attack upon McCarthyism, she called for an end to " 1453:

values to become the self-appointed vanguard of social morality.

1278: 1220:, the founder of the influential conservative political magazine 389: 322: 274: 7124:

McCarthyism, The Great American Red Scare: A Documentary History

5117:

blacklist of artists and entertainers: Schrecker (2002), p. 244.

3304:. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration. 3216:

McCarthyism, The Great American Red Scare: A Documentary History

1159:

McCarthyism was supported by a variety of groups, including the

826:. Two of them were sentenced to six months, the rest to a year. 66:

of the 1950s, specifically addressing the entertainment industry

10205: 10007: 9946: 8881: 7400:

Legacy of Ashes: The History of the Central Intelligence Agency

5647:. Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. Archived from 5350:Überwacht. Ausgebürgert. Exiliert: Schriftsteller und der Staat 4764: 4762: 2594:. Other authors who have drawn on a comparison between current 2328:

A key figure in the end of the blacklisting of McCarthyism was

1151: 632:, was probably reacting in part to the Republican sweep in the 350: 293:

was published for the first time in late March of that year in

7854:. International Journal of Baudrillard Studies. Archived from 7789:

The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America – The Stalin Era

6785: 5034:

Blacklisted: The Film Lover's Guide to the Hollywood Blacklist

4793: 4791: 4595:

The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America – The Stalin Era

2843: 10690: 10646:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

10152: 9935: 8014: 7646: 4810:, 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012, p. 316. 3846:"The Horrible, Oppressive History of Book Burning in America" 3632:"Breach of Privilege: Spying on Lawyers in the United States" 2788:, is set in McCarthy-era Washington D.C. and focuses on the " 1121: 278: 7061:

The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition

5131:

Anything Your Little Heart Desires: An American Family Story

4952:. The University of North Carolina Press. pp. 277–278. 4759: 2397:—proved to be more liberal than Eisenhower had anticipated. 2376:

Much of the undoing of McCarthyism came at the hands of the

2236:

In 1952, the Supreme Court upheld a lower-court decision in

1194:

One focus of popular McCarthyism concerned the provision of

1039:

found to be unconstitutional in 1965 and 1967. In 1952, the

782: 554:

The first recorded use of the term "McCarthyism" was in the

10230: 10112: 8004: 7948: 7778:

The Second Red Scare and the Unmaking of the New Deal Left.

6976:

Loyalty and Security: Employment Tests in the United States

6957:

The End of Reform: New Deal Liberalism in Recession and War

5642: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5429:, Dennis McLellan, August 8, 2006. Retrieved June 11, 2014. 5167:"The Authentic History Center: Red Channels, The Blacklist" 4788: 3921:"Senate Resolution 301: Censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy" 3687:

The Performance of Power: Theatrical Discourse and Politics

5126:

Blacklisted in his profession, committed suicide in 1959:

4178:

Deep in the Heart: The Texas Tendency in American Politics

1277:

internal structure, and the loyalty of its leaders to the

1187:; and opposition to efforts to reduce inequalities in the 1143:

banned any communist from being within the city's limits.

896:

McCarthy's committee then began an investigation into the

10685: 10665: 10660: 5719: 5506:" Hispanic American Historical Review 83.2 (2003) 357–359 3665: 3401: 1252: 751: 13467:

Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism

7849: 5959:. Truman Presidential Museum and Library. Archived from 5750:

On Hollywood blacklist: Buhle and Wagner (2003), p. 208.

5578: 5400:

Radical By Design: The Life and Style of Elizabeth Hawes

5186:

On Hollywood blacklist: Buhle and Wagner (2003), p. 105.

5031: 4449:

Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism

4086:

Freedom Under Fire: U.S. Civil Liberties in Times of War

3864: 3383:

Brinkley (1995), p. 141; Fried (1990), pp. 6, 15, 78–80.

2216:—joined Smith in condemning the tactics of McCarthyism. 1645:-winning physicist, philosopher, mathematician, activist 623:

Executive Order 9835, signed by President Truman in 1947

13430:

2018–19 education workers' strikes in the United States

7474:

Organization of American Historians Magazine of History

7165:

The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate

7036: 5709:

On Hollywood blacklist: Buhle and Wagner (2003), p. 18.

5388:

On Hollywood blacklist: Buhle and Wagner (2003), p. 31.

4398:

108, 110, 122, 148, 164, 226, 236–237, 279–280, 294–306

4294:

The Politics of Fear: Joseph R. McCarthy and the Senate

2505:

Historical study on anti-communism and Soviet espionage

1183:, particularly the various programs established by the 7758:

The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents

7737:

Not Without Honor: A History of American Anticommunism

7333:

The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents

5423:"Dorothy Healey Lifelong Communist Fought for Workers" 4924:

The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents

4722:. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.), p. 10 4389: 1077: 547:, February 9, 1950, to the Republican Women's Club of 277:

in a case of espionage, and the Soviet Union tested a

6451:. Harvard University – Faculty of Arts and Sciences. 5990: 5816:

Lionel Stander Dies at 86; Actor Who Defied Blacklist

5519:

Otto Klemperer: Vol. 2, 1933–1973: His Life and Times

4115:"California Creates Un-American Activities Committee" 3923:. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. 3186:, (New York: Little, Brown & Company, 1998): 203 2434:

Also in 1957, the Supreme Court ruled on the case of

2299:

In April 1954, McCarthy was also under attack in the

1089:

By 1952, several states had enacted statutes against

412:

was largely muted. With the end of World War II, the

7018:

McCarthy and His Enemies: The Record and Its Meaning

6259:"Records of the Subversive Activities Control Board" 2811: 1982:, actor, athlete, singer, writer, political activist 1266:

President Harry Truman, who pursued the anti-Soviet

1041:

Immigration and Nationality, or McCarran–Walter, Act

889:"material by any controversial persons, Communists, 511:

any other specific activity. An example of this was

7673:(1965). excerpts from primary and secondary sources 6786:What Qualifies as Demagoguery? (October 19, 2004). 5614: 4808:

Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America

3788:

Fried (1990), pp. 154–155; Schrecker (2002), p. 68.

3684:Case, Sue-Ellen; Reinelt, Janelle G., eds. (1991). 3298:"Prelude to McCarthyism: The Making of a Blacklist" 2878:

Censorship of school curricula in the United States

2334:

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists

1105:were established by their respective legislatures. 13151: 7919: 7894: 7755: 7625: 7372: 7162: 7099: 7058:Cox, John Stuart & Athan G. Theoharis (1988). 7015: 6640: 6579: 6507:"Exchange with Arthur Herman and Venona book talk" 6055: 5589: 5347: 5234: 5127: 4843:. University of South Carolina Press. p. 84. 4670: 4425:. Connecticut: Yale University. pp. 221–226. 4420: 4358: 4291: 3915: 3733:. Southern Illinois University Press. p. 59. 3402: 2462:Study and reactions to Constitutional implications 2133:Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920 1722:, clothing designer, author, equal rights activist 526: 7293:In Calmer Times: The Supreme Court and Red Monday 7144:Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective 6902:"'Good Night and Good Luck': Murrow vs. McCarthy" 6667: 6520: 3364:Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective 2622:in the name of national security, and the use of 663:, was stripped of his security clearance after a 14352: 10805: 10631:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 7850:Beyer, Mary & Michael Beyer (January 2006). 7828: 7780:Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013. 6438: 6408: 6317:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 5954: 5618:Priest of Music. The Life of Dimitri Mitropoulos 4921: 4899:. Today.com. Associated Press. August 19, 2004. 4497:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History 3446:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. "Introduction". 2559: 2494:Albertson v. Subversive Activities Control Board 2303:. These hearings were televised live on the new 995:, which was claimed to have been created by the 9068:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 8475:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 7680:Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2012. 7650:In Denial: Historians, Communism, and Espionage 6627:Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review 6577: 6377: 5515: 5352:. Bielefeld: Aisthesis Verlag. pp. 36–52. 5261: 5232: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5062:. University of California Press. p. 159. 4838: 4781:Elizabeth Lapovsky Kennedy and Madeline Davis. 4289: 4260:(2nd ed.). Transaction. pp. 355–373. 4006:Fried (1997), pp. 13, 15, 27, 110–112, 165–168. 3475:"S. Res. 301 Congressional Record, Dec 2, 1954" 3046:"Revisiting McCarthyism in the Patriot Act Era" 2356:, was publicly credited with writing the films 1958:, chemist, Nobel prizes for Chemistry and Peace 878:Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 597:Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 523:due to earlier suspected Communist sympathies. 506:. Many conservatives equated the New Deal with 7696:Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America 6701:Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America 5995:. Margaret Chase Smith Library. Archived from 5397: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 4390:Andrew, Christopher; Vasili Mitrokhin (1999). 4025: 3871:Kareem Abdul-Jabbar; Raymond Obstfeld (2016). 2098:, actor, director, responsible for recreating 1937:, biochemist, sinologist, historian of science 717:From 1951 to 1955, the FBI operated a secret " 686: 27:Phenomenon of US political rhetoric after WWII 13137: 11076:Drafting and ratification of the Constitution 10791: 7964: 7647:Haynes, John Earl & Harvey Klehr (2003). 7513: 5542: 4986:, November 25, 1990. Retrieved June 10, 2014. 4423:Venona – Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 4322: 3757: 14257:Individualist anarchism in the United States 12000:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 10707:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 8258:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 7811:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7370: 7219:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7197:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 7083:(2d ed.). University of Chicago Press. 7078: 6638: 6582:The Age of Anxiety: McCarthyism to Terrorism 6551:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 6529:"Senator Joseph McCarthy's Lists and Venona" 6373: 6371: 5857: 5805:, December 29, 1993. Accessed March 5, 2011. 5700:, November 9, 1987. Retrieved June 10, 2014. 5547:The Lanczos Method:Evolution and Application 5454:"Theodore Kaghan, 77; Was in Foreign Service 5286: 5202: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 4947: 4632:Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America 4215:Women, Domesticity, and Postwar Conservatism 3501:The Constitution and the American Presidency 2579:From the opposite pole, conservative writer 2566:The Age of Anxiety: McCarthyism to Terrorism 2407:In 1956, the Warren Court heard the case of 1494:, actress, model, and film studio executive. 14371:Anti-Chinese sentiment in the United States 9568:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 7550:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019. 7313:Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America 6698: 6548: 5900: 5862:. University of Georgia Press. p. 73. 5829:, December 2, 1994. Accessed March 5, 2011. 5440:"The Shocking Death of Senator Lester Hunt" 5313: 5266:. University Press of Kansas. p. 496. 5076: 4255: 3945:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 3683: 3184:Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America 3081:The Warren Court and the Pursuit of Justice 2775:and contained archival footage of McCarthy. 1241: 1128:, who described it as "worse than murder." 1103:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee 983:Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders 761: 647:, chairman of the Civil Service Commission 614: 158:Smith Act trials of Communist Party leaders 142:Persecution of thousands of innocent people 13587:World Socialist Party of the United States 13144: 13130: 10798: 10784: 10671:United States involvement in regime change 8226:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 7971: 7957: 5467:, August 11, 1989. Accessed March 7, 2011. 5057: 4181:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 87. 3730:Odd Man Out: A Memoir of the Hollywood Ten 3499:. 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Andrew Viruleg. 5032:Buhle, Paul & David Wagner (2003b). 4837:Publication canceled after FBI contact: 4543: 4356: 4174: 4143: 4082: 4028:Encyclopedia of American Civil Liberties 3295: 2271:aired an episode about the dismissal of 2249: 2218: 1455: 1301:were dismissed as deliberate deception. 1150: 690: 618: 530: 517:Chairman of the Federal Power Commission 349: 14401:Far-right politics in the United States 14391:Conspiracy theories involving communism 11679:Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. 8797:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 7762:. Bedford Books of St. Martin's Press. 7712: 7575: 7097: 7037:Buhle, Paul & David Wagner (2003). 7013: 6992: 6851:from the original on September 28, 2013 6820:from the original on September 11, 2016 6351:McCarthy: There Were Reds Under the Bed 5759: 4806:John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman. 4551:. New York: Random House. p. 799. 4537: 4298:. 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Eisenhower Online Documents 7837:from the original on February 5, 2008 7829:Badash, Lawrence (October 30, 2007). 7599: 7553: 7349: 7290: 7141: 7120: 6973: 6935: 6912:from the original on October 26, 2017 6869: 6703:. Random House. pp. 597 et seq. 6378:Goldberg, Jonah (February 26, 2003). 6311:Storrs, Landon R. Y. (July 2, 2015). 6221: 6200:"Loyalty oath poses ethical dilemmas" 6053: 5934:Organization of American Historians: 5726:. Columbia University Press. p. 5446: 4897:"Composer Elmer Bernstein Dead at 82" 4634:. Yale University Press, 1999, p. 18. 4491:Storrs, Landon R. Y. (July 2, 2015). 4352: 4350: 4078: 4076: 4074: 3927:from the original on November 1, 2013 3708:from the original on November 7, 2020 3629: 3494: 3308:from the original on January 18, 2017 3164:from the original on October 20, 2019 3056:from the original on October 20, 2019 2959:Storrs, Landon R. Y. (July 2, 2015). 2633: 2613:Since the time of McCarthy, the word 2265:. On October 20, 1953, Murrow's show 2138: 1189:social structure of the United States 940:Motion Picture Association of America 855:Senate Internal Security Subcommittee 593:Senate Internal Security Subcommittee 354:One of the earliest uses of the term 212:Soviet espionage in the United States 13497:International Socialist Organization 10712:Soviet Union–United States relations 9063:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 7895:Navasky, Victor S. (June 28, 2001). 7421: 7295:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 6882:from the original on August 26, 2018 6754: 6680:from the original on January 4, 2018 6325:10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.6 6304: 6198:Paddock, Richard C. (May 11, 2008), 5957:"Veto of the Internal Security Bill" 4772:. 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Federal Bureau of Investigation. 5237:The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois 4926:. New York, Palgrave. p. 244. 4903:from the original on April 20, 2017 4872:. Federal Bureau of Investigation. 4785:. New York: Routledge, 1993, p. 75. 4768:Gary Kinsman and Patrizia Gentile. 4743:from the original on April 28, 2019 4739:. The University of Chicago. 2004. 4534:Schrecker (1998), pp. 161, 193–194. 4421:Haynes, John; Harvey Klehr (1999). 4239: 4195:from the original on August 6, 2020 3978:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. 3848:. The New Republic. June 26, 1953. 3791: 2499:Subversive Activities Control Board 2054:, mathematician, historian of maths 2024:, jazz musician, bandleader, author 1078:Repression in the individual states 1036:Subversive Activities Control Board 976: 609: 24: 14436:Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower 13703:Workers Party of the United States 13673:Social Democratic Party of America 13537:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA 13517:Party for Socialism and Liberation 11366:Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act 11356:Assassination of James A. Garfield 10717:Soviet Union–United States summits 8191:1947 Polish parliamentary election 8076:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 7787:, and Alexander Vassiliev (2000). 7480: 7276:. University of California Press. 6794:from the original on July 25, 2013 6757:"Joseph McCarthy by Arthur Herman" 6474: 6266:University Publications of America 5060:Transforming the Screen, 1950–1959 5013:from the original on March 1, 2021 4783:Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold 4396:. New York: Basic Books. pp. 4365:. Yale University Press. pp. 4347: 4144:Richards, Dave (August 19, 2009). 4071: 3770:from the original on July 27, 2020 2060:, economist and founder-editor of 1716:, American painter and illustrator 1629:, civil rights activist and author 1396:List of films by the Hollywood Ten 1146: 25: 14452: 13688:Students for a Democratic Society 11398:Assassination of William McKinley 9478:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 9413:United States invasion of Grenada 8683:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 8624:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 7821: 7534:from the original on May 10, 2017 7442: 7424:Class in America: An Encyclopedia 7255:University of Massachusetts Press 7171:University of Massachusetts Press 6455:from the original on May 15, 2017 5888:University of Massachusetts Press 5675:University of Massachusetts Press 5484:from the original on May 12, 2013 4597:(New York: Modern Library, 2000) 4357:Moynihan, Daniel Patrick (1998). 4146:"So Long to the Communist Threat" 3972:Goldstein, Robert Justin (2014). 3877:. Time Inc. Books. pp. 53–. 3602:Cox and Theoharis (1988), p. 312. 3143: 3110: 3068: 3035: 3023:from the original on May 12, 2019 3001: 2989:from the original on July 3, 2018 2952: 2479:(which is highly problematic for 2393:(who was made Chief Justice) and 2323: 1734:, union organizer, CPUSA official 1086:enacted anti-communist statutes. 267:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia 13678:Socialist Labor Party of America 13643:Maoist Internationalist Movement 13477:Democratic Socialists of America 13105: 13096: 13095: 13060: 13059: 11617:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 11410:Nadir of American race relations 11289:Assassination of Abraham Lincoln 9553:United States invasion of Panama 9403:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 9043:1971 Turkish military memorandum 9006:Communist insurgency in Thailand 8976:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 8908:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 8735:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 8663:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 8181:Restatement of Policy on Germany 7249:McAuliff, Mary Sperling (1978). 6996:A Hymnal: The Controversial Arts 6894: 6863: 6832: 6806: 6788:"What Qualifies as Demagoguery?" 6779: 6748: 6717: 6692: 6661: 6632: 6604: 6571: 6542: 6498: 6468: 6439:Schrecker, Ellen (Winter 2000). 6432: 6402: 6341: 6287: 6250: 6215: 6192: 6183: 6160: 6151: 6142: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6085: 6076: 6047: 6038: 6029: 6020: 6011: 5984: 5975: 5948: 5928: 5919: 5899:Passport revoked, incarcerated: 5893: 5876: 5850: 5832: 5808: 5784: 5753: 5744: 5712: 5703: 5680: 5663: 5635: 5608: 5569: 5536: 5509: 5496: 5470: 5432: 5416: 5391: 5382: 5366: 5341: 5332: 5307: 5280: 5255: 5221: 5189: 5180: 5120: 5050: 5025: 4989: 4966: 4630:John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr. 4361:Secrecy: The American Experience 4119:Today in Civil Liberties History 3350:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00284.x 2856: 2842: 2828: 2814: 2456: 1543:, poet, playwright, screenwriter 1336: 1317:, speaking as expert witnesses. 248:, and with many remembering the 53: 13628:Democratic Socialist Federation 13507:New Afrikan Black Panther Party 13492:Industrial Workers of the World 11319:First transcontinental railroad 10273:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 9654:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 9583:Fall of the inner German border 9483:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 9133:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 9123:Spanish transition to democracy 9083:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 8710:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 8216:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 8097:Occupation of the Baltic states 7872:"McCarthyism / The "Red Scare"" 7548:McCarthyism vs. Clinton Jencks. 6441:"Comments on John Earl Haynes' 6380:"Two Cheers for 'McCarthyism'?" 5718:Blacklisted, passport revoked: 5229:Foreign Agents Registration Act 4940: 4915: 4888: 4857: 4831: 4822: 4813: 4800: 4775: 4725: 4712: 4703: 4664: 4655: 4646: 4637: 4624: 4608: 4587: 4574: 4565: 4528: 4484: 4466: 4439: 4414: 4383: 4329:. Simon and Schuster. pp. 4316: 4283: 4274: 4248: 4207: 4168: 4137: 4107: 4062: 4053: 4044: 4024:Levin, Daniel, "Smith Act", in 4018: 4009: 4000: 3953: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3838: 3829: 3820: 3782: 3751: 3720: 3677: 3662:Schrecker (1998), pp. 239, 203. 3656: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3584: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3539: 3530: 3521: 3488: 3467: 3458: 3449: 3434: 3395: 3386: 3377: 3356: 3329: 3320: 3289: 3264: 3251: 3246:Slochower v. Board of Education 3238: 2449:, the Supreme Court halted the 2410:Slochower v. Board of Education 2371: 1226:, wrote a defense of McCarthy, 1165:American Public Relations Forum 681:Washington Bookshop Association 582: 527:Start of McCarthy's involvement 14396:Eponymous political ideologies 14222:Anarchism in the United States 14139:International Socialist Review 13154:Socialism in the United States 9053:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 8688:Mozambican War of Independence 8127:Indonesian National Revolution 5522:. Cambridge University Press. 4621:. Crown Forum, 2007 pp. 19–21. 4571:Schrecker (1998), pp. 130–137. 3758:nublockmuseum (May 31, 2013). 3338:Presidential Studies Quarterly 3229: 3214:(1957): Fried, Albert (1997). 3196: 3176: 2919:Red-tagging in the Philippines 2489:McCarran Internal Security Act 2161:National Labor Relations Board 2150:McCarran Internal Security Act 1919:, conductor, pianist, composer 1531:, conductor, pianist, composer 1291:American Civil Liberties Union 1028:McCarran Internal Security Act 1021:American Civil Liberties Union 867:Institute of Pacific Relations 477:Los Alamos National Laboratory 13: 1: 14431:Presidency of Harry S. Truman 14421:Political and cultural purges 13457:Black Riders Liberation Party 13223:1877 St. Louis general strike 10651:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 9666:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 9619:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 9341:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 9306:Seven Days to the River Rhine 9038:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 8325:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 8253:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 7925:"A Closer Look Under The Bed" 7464:Wisconsin Magazine of History 7371:Streitmatter, Rodger (1998). 7106:. Columbia University Press. 6443:The Cold War Debate Continues 6062:. University of Texas Press. 5318:. Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo. 3261:(1962): Fried (1997), p. 197. 3248:(1956): Fried (1997), p. 203. 2940: 2784:, based on the 2007 novel by 2626:are all often referred to as 2560:Later political usage of term 2305:American Broadcasting Company 1913:. Refused to testify to HUAC. 1885:winning novelist and essayist 1821:, mathematician and physicist 1048:Communist Control Act of 1954 923: 655:, scientific director of the 296:The Christian Science Monitor 177:Alleged communists including: 136:Decline of membership in the 13668:Social Democratic Federation 13658:Puerto Rican Socialist Party 13653:Proletarian Party of America 13228:1912 Lawrence textile strike 12487:Hispanic and Latino American 11341:Second Industrial Revolution 11175:Nat Turner's slave rebellion 10881:Exploration of North America 10807:History of the United States 9644:Fall of communism in Albania 9614:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 9563:Polish Round Table Agreement 8903:1968 Polish political crisis 8720:Eritrean War of Independence 8486:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 8381:East German uprising of 1953 8313:Chinese Communist Revolution 7978: 7735:Powers, Richard Gid (1997). 7014:Buckley, William F. (1954). 6993:Buckley, William F. (1977). 6035:Streitmatter (1998), p. 154. 5766:. Faber and Faber. pp. 5641:Repeatedly denied passport: 5615:Trotter, William R. (1995). 5241:. International Publishers. 4652:Schrecker (2002), pp. 63–64. 4605:, pp. 48, 158, 162, 169, 229 4446:Powers, Richard Gid (1995). 4089:. South End Press. pp. 4026:Paul Finkelman, ed. (2006). 3440:Strout, Lawrence N. (1999). 3296:Robert J, Goldstein (2006). 3259:Faulk vs. AWARE Inc., et al. 2945: 2497:as well. The McCarran Act's 2108:, anthropologist fired from 372:President Harry S. Truman's 7: 13663:Social Democracy of America 13618:Communist League of America 13567:Socialist Rifle Association 13462:Colorado Springs Socialists 12011:Indictments of Donald Trump 11202:First Industrial Revolution 11036:Declaration of Independence 11026:Second Continental Congress 9518:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 9246:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 8991:Corrective Movement (Syria) 8955:New People's Army rebellion 8950:Sino-Soviet border conflict 8678:Angolan War of Independence 8541:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 8421:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 8066:Jamaican political conflict 7833:. Oregon State University. 7450:Journal of Cold War Studies 7350:Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). 7272:Rovere, Richard H. (1959). 7146:. Oxford University Press. 7127:. Oxford University Press. 7064:. Temple University Press. 6670:"America's new McCarthyism" 6449:Journal of Cold War Studies 5993:"Declaration of Conscience" 5945:, accessed January 28, 2011 5590:Stephan, Alexander (1995). 5348:Alexander, Stephan (2007). 5128:Bosworth, Patricia (1998). 4841:Understanding Nelson Algren 4709:D'Emilio (1998), pp. 41–49. 4030:. CRC Press. p. 1488. 3630:Yoder, Traci (April 2014). 3366:. Oxford University Press. 3218:. Oxford University Press. 3078:Horwitz, Morton J. (1999). 2807: 2239:Adler v. Board of Education 2100:Shakespeare's Globe Theatre 1537:, physicist and philosopher 1362:the claims made and adding 1019:, a founding member of the 777: 768:Central Intelligence Agency 687:J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI 634:1946 Congressional election 362:("Herblock"), published in 346:US Strike wave of 1945–1946 10: 14457: 14366:1950s in the United States 14361:1940s in the United States 13683:Socialist Party of America 13415:2007–2008 financial crisis 13281:American Protective League 13268:Repression and persecution 12608: 12370: 12032: 11903:Killing of Osama bin Laden 10991:First Continental Congress 10836: 9714:Sino-Indian border dispute 9543:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 9473:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 9231:1976 Argentine coup d'état 9143:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 9093:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 8777:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 8745:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 8434:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 8201:Asian Relations Conference 7670:The Meaning of McCarthyism 7624:Haynes, John Earl (2000). 7142:Fried, Richard M. (1990). 6928: 6841:"Why I Wrote The Crucible" 6553:. New Haven, Connecticut: 6527:Haynes, John Earl (2006). 6054:Faulk, John Henry (1963). 5981:Doherty (2005), pp. 14–15. 5941:September 4, 2013, at the 4797:Kinsman and Gentile, p. 8. 4643:Schrecker (1998), p. xiii. 4083:Linfield, Michael (1990). 4015:Fried (1997), pp. 201–202. 3826:Fried (1990), pp. 145–150. 3362:Fried, Richard M. (1990). 3154:"Watkins v. United States" 2620:civil and political rights 2471:are still required by the 2314: 1746:, writer, poet, playwright 1393: 1169:Minute Women of the U.S.A. 980: 927: 786: 756:Freedom of Information Act 481:Julius and Ethel Rosenberg 343: 339: 273:official was convicted of 145:Senate censure of McCarthy 29: 14416:New Right (United States) 14330: 14204: 14116: 13863:William Batchelder Greene 13720: 13708:Youth International Party 13595: 13502:Legal Marijuana Now Party 13449: 13443:Parties and organizations 13442: 13410:1999 Seattle WTO protests 13402: 13352: 13266: 13213: 13168: 13161: 13081: 13047: 12991: 12955: 12943: 12682: 12656: 12618: 12614: 12603: 12376: 12365: 12038: 12027: 11893: 11796: 11724: 11625: 11536: 11487:Wall Street Crash of 1929 11418: 11299: 11284:Emancipation Proclamation 11215: 11138: 11086: 11053:Articles of Confederation 11006: 10891:Native American epidemics 10871: 10846: 10842: 10831: 10813: 10750: 10699: 10621: 10598:William Appleman Williams 10543:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 10325: 10297: 10246: 10178: 10171: 10105: 9970: 9895: 9825: 9818: 9727: 9674: 9606: 9319: 9058:Bangladesh Liberation War 9048:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 8963: 8935:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 8923:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 8586: 8361:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 8338: 8048: 7986: 7929:Claremont Review of Books 7754:Schrecker, Ellen (1994). 7331:Schrecker, Ellen (2002). 7310:Schrecker, Ellen (1998). 7291:Sabin, Arthur J. (1999). 7199:. Yale University Press. 7161:Griffith, Robert (1970). 6978:. Yale University Press. 6872:"The Hollywood Blacklist" 6726:"President vs. Demagogue" 6244:10.1525/phr.2005.74.2.165 6236:10.1525/phr.2005.74.2.165 6224:Pacific Historical Review 4922:Schrecker, Ellen (2002). 4894:On Hollywood "graylist": 4828:Schrecker (1998), p. 267. 4245:Rovere (1959), pp. 21–22. 4213:Nickerson, Michelle M., " 4050:Schrecker (1998), p. 141. 3804:. CBS-TV. March 9, 1954. 3611:Schrecker (1998), p. 225. 3590:Schrecker (1998), p. 212. 3554:Schrecker (1998), p. 271. 3495:McCoy, Donald R. (1991). 3429:Christian Science Monitor 3410:Oxford English Dictionary 3326:Weir (2007), pp. 148–149. 2760:Good Night, and Good Luck 2583:devotes much of her book 2182:Declaration of Conscience 2176:On June 1, 1950, Senator 2128:Little, Brown and Company 2012:, folk singer, songwriter 1970:, union organizer, editor 1903:, playwright and essayist 1663:, novelist and playwright 1566:, film director, producer 1212:Alaska Mental Health Bill 1181:social welfare provisions 865:and other members of the 602:On December 2, 1954, the 557:Christian Science Monitor 332:Following the end of the 170: 151: 130: 103: 89: 79: 71: 52: 44: 13968:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 13623:Communist Workers' Party 13557:Socialist Equality Party 13276:American Defense Society 13233:Catholic Worker Movement 12973:Northern Mariana Islands 11546:Strike wave of 1945–1946 9373:1980 Turkish coup d'état 9208:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 9178:1978 Somali coup attempt 9138:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 9103:1973 Chilean coup d'état 8928:Revolutionary Government 8822:South African Border War 8614:1960 Turkish coup d'état 8531:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 8386:1953 Iranian coup d'état 8366:1952 Egyptian revolution 7561:. Simon & Schuster. 7422:Weir, Robert E. (2007). 7098:Doherty, Thomas (2005). 6974:Brown, Ralph S. (1958). 6876:www.english.illinois.edu 6790:. History News Network. 6755:Boot, Max (April 2000). 6629:38, no. 1 (Winter 2003). 6578:Johnson, Haynes (2005). 6257:Kesaris, Paul L. (ed.). 5763:A Writer in the Cold War 5516:Heyworth, Peter (1996). 5262:Craig, R. Bruce (2004). 5233:Du Bois, W.E.B. (1968). 4997:"McCarthy Target Ousted" 4839:Horvath, Brooke (2005). 4819:David K. Johnson, p. 96. 4393:The Sword and the Shield 4290:Robert Griffith (1987). 4258:Psychiatry in Transition 4175:McEnteer, James (2004). 4068:McAuliff (1978), p. 142. 3835:Griffith (1970), p. 216. 3727:Dmytryk, Edward (1996). 3692:University of Iowa Press 3620:Schrecker (1998), p. 224 3581:Schrecker (2002), p. 65. 3431:, March 28, 1950, p. 20. 3211:Watkins v. United States 3121:"Yates v. United States" 2771:as broadcast journalist 2598:and McCarthyism include 2477:government of California 2443:In its 1958 decision in 2437:Watkins v. United States 2247:to dangerous thoughts." 2186:character assassinations 1800:, conductor and composer 1525:, composer and conductor 1242:Portrayals of communists 1228:McCarthy and his Enemies 970:Confidential Information 964:and newsletters such as 762:Allen Dulles and the CIA 719:Responsibilities Program 661:Atomic Energy Commission 615:Loyalty-security reviews 573:Herbert Block (Herblock) 220:U.S. Supreme Court under 14252:Individualist anarchism 13572:Socialist Workers Party 13527:Progressive Labor Party 13522:Peace and Freedom Party 13487:Freedom Socialist Party 13425:2011 Wisconsin protests 12508:Middle Eastern American 12325:Technology and industry 11195:Seneca Falls Convention 10996:Continental Association 10896:Settlement of Jamestown 9578:Fall of the Berlin Wall 9523:People Power Revolution 9508:Central American crisis 9448:1986 Black Sea incident 9098:1973 Afghan coup d'état 8996:Western Sahara conflict 8807:1966 Syrian coup d'état 8730:1963 Syrian coup d'état 8673:Portuguese Colonial War 8636:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 8401:1954 Syrian coup d'état 8278:Annexation of Hyderabad 8221:1947–1949 Palestine war 7228:Herman, Arthur (2000). 7079:D'Emilio, John (1998). 6955:Brinkley, Alan (1995). 6936:Block, Herbert (1952). 6612:National Security State 6356:March 30, 2015, at the 6211:San Francisco Chronicle 6044:Doherty (2005), p. 207. 5843:March 16, 2014, at the 5504:Benjamin Keen 1913–2002 5398:Berch, Bettina (1988). 4978:March 31, 2017, at the 4661:Schrecker (1998), p. 4. 4580:Herman, Arthur (2000). 4280:Buckley (1954), p. 335. 4226:OAH Magazine of History 4220:March 10, 2003, at the 3415:Oxford University Press 3392:Griffith (1970), p. 49. 3017:www.press.uillinois.edu 2596:anti-terrorism policies 2521:Liberal anti-communists 2473:California Constitution 2395:William J. Brennan, Jr. 1548:Abraham Lincoln Brigade 1514:Abraham Lincoln Brigade 1198:services, particularly 808:Hollywood film industry 800:Federal Theatre Project 549:Wheeling, West Virginia 515:, an economist who was 241:, is more appropriate. 208:campaign spreading fear 13928:Martin Luther King Jr. 13608:American Workers Party 13394:Poor People's Campaign 13332:Seattle General Strike 12628:Admission to the Union 11994:Afghanistan withdrawal 11989:January 6 insurrection 11908:Rise in mass shootings 11880:Virginia Tech shooting 11433:Paris Peace Conference 11207:Second Great Awakening 10946:American Enlightenment 9872:Neoclassical economics 9383:Gulf of Sidra incident 8940:1969 Libyan revolution 8631:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 8416:1954 Geneva Conference 8176:Turkish straits crisis 8171:Corfu Channel incident 7514:Byman, Jeremy (2004). 7455:Hixson Jr, William B. 7121:Fried, Albert (1997). 7043:. Palgrave Macmillan. 6999:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. 6647:. Three Rivers Press. 6384:National Review Online 6365:airdate August 9, 2010 6172:June 14, 2018, at the 6091:Rovere (1959), p. 264. 5903:Thread of the Silkworm 5814:Lawrence Van Gelder. " 5760:Brodeur, Paul (1997). 5543:Louis Komzsik (2003). 5293:. St. Martin's Press. 5036:. Palgrave Macmillan. 4946:Lost his job, exiled: 4870:FBI Records: The Vault 4617:Blacklisted by History 4584:. Free Press. pp. 5–6. 4478:historymatters.gmu.edu 4323:Arthur Herman (2000). 3764:Stories From The Block 3503:. SUNY Press. p. 3205:Yates v. United States 2893:Litmus test (politics) 2728:Army–McCarthy hearings 2428:Yates v. United States 2301:Army–McCarthy hearings 2294: 2258: 2227: 2174: 2126:for publication until 1464: 1328:Victims of McCarthyism 1299:revolutionary violence 1218:William F. Buckley Jr. 1156: 1017:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn 918:Army–McCarthy hearings 726:National Lawyers Guild 699: 624: 540: 502:policies of President 369: 163:Army–McCarthy hearings 14277:Libertarian socialism 13733:Stephen Pearl Andrews 13648:New American Movement 13552:Socialist Alternative 13542:Social Democrats, USA 13312:Espionage Act of 1917 12620:Territorial evolution 11984:George Floyd Protests 11967:Unite the Right rally 11836:Oklahoma City bombing 11831:Republican Revolution 11778:Space Shuttle program 11600:Civil Rights Movement 11568:North Atlantic Treaty 11376:Sherman Antitrust Act 11361:Chinese Exclusion Act 10951:French and Indian War 10941:Prelude to Revolution 10926:First Great Awakening 10886:European colonization 10722:Russia–NATO relations 10603:Jonathan Reed Winkler 9887:Democratic capitalism 9882:Supply-side economics 9850:American conservatism 9649:Breakup of Yugoslavia 9538:Bougainville conflict 9453:South Yemen civil war 9388:Martial law in Poland 9251:Nicaraguan Revolution 9226:Dirty War (Argentina) 9033:1971 JVP insurrection 8847:Years of Lead (Italy) 8725:North Yemen civil war 8643:Berlin Crisis of 1961 8619:Albanian–Soviet split 8551:1959 Tibetan uprising 8516:Syrian Crisis of 1957 8371:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 8231:1948 Arab–Israeli War 7776:Storrs, Landon R.Y., 6639:Coulter, Ann (2003). 6555:Yale University Press 6465:Emphasis in original. 6189:Fried (1997), p. 211. 6157:Fried (1997), p. 207. 6148:Fried (1997), p. 205. 6109:Fried (1997), p. 203. 6082:Fried (1997), p. 197. 6026:Fried (1997), p. 114. 5858:Heale, M. J. (1998). 5692:May 10, 2017, at the 5677:, 2001), 65, 127, 140 5478:"Subject: Danny Kaye" 5287:Jerome, Fred (2002). 5203:Ramón, David (1997). 5006:. November 21, 1952. 4948:Jessica Wang (1999). 4059:Fried (1990), p. 187. 3959:Fried (1997), p. 116. 3906:Fried (1990), p. 138. 3897:Stone (2004), p. 384. 3644:on September 25, 2018 3536:Fried (1990), p. 133. 3464:Fried (1990), p. 150. 3455:Block (1952), p. 152. 2797:The 2023 mini-series 2572:has written that the 2289: 2254:Broadcast journalist 2253: 2222: 2214:Robert C. Hendrickson 2169: 1941:J. Robert Oppenheimer 1776:, writer and director 1459: 1214:controversy of 1956. 1154: 1141:Jacksonville, Florida 1032:U.S. Attorney General 694: 676:Department of Justice 653:J. Robert Oppenheimer 622: 571:editorial cartoonist 534: 504:Franklin D. Roosevelt 446:tested an atomic bomb 353: 14381:Cold War terminology 14307:Scientific socialism 14242:Democratic socialism 13798:Voltairine de Cleyre 13603:American Labor Party 13367:Black Power movement 13238:Green Corn Rebellion 12534:Palestinian American 11961:Obergefell v. Hodges 11853:September 11 attacks 11689:Second-wave feminism 11610:Cuban Missile Crisis 11470:Bath School disaster 11388:Spanish–American War 11351:The Gospel of Wealth 11230:California Gold Rush 11190:Mexican–American War 11180:Nullification crisis 11148:Era of Good Feelings 11048:Confederation period 10956:Proclamation of 1763 10906:Atlantic slave trade 10143:Non-Aligned Movement 9765:Peaceful coexistence 9719:North Borneo dispute 9634:German reunification 9629:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 9327:Salvadoran Civil War 9276:Grand Mosque seizure 9271:Yemenite War of 1979 9163:Mozambican Civil War 9118:Carnation Revolution 9073:Yemenite War of 1972 9011:1970 Polish protests 8842:1967 Hong Kong riots 8817:Argentine Revolution 8767:Guatemalan Civil War 8695:Cuban Missile Crisis 8609:Bay of Pigs Invasion 8481:1956 Poznań protests 8459:Geneva Summit (1955) 8061:Hukbalahap Rebellion 8040:Non-Aligned Movement 7676:Lichtman, Robert M. 7667:Latham, Earl (ed.). 7609:. Crown Publishing. 7546:Caballero, Raymond. 7274:Senator Joe McCarthy 6699:Morgan, Ted (2004). 6586:. Harcourt. p. 6390:on December 10, 2006 6017:Fried (1990), p. 29. 5901:Chang, Iris (1996). 5651:on December 24, 2007 5314:Herman, Jan (1995). 5207:. Clío. p. 44. 4256:Judd Marmor (1994). 3760:"Behind Blacklisted" 3563:Fried (1990), p. 70. 3011:Lichtman, Robert M. 2380:under Chief Justice 2178:Margaret Chase Smith 2124:Red Scare of 1919–20 2036:, journalist, author 1976:, actor and director 1572:, actor and director 1095:criminal syndicalism 1052:John Marshall Butler 1034:and established the 900:. This began at the 876:McCarthy headed the 824:contempt of Congress 649:Loyalty Review Board 604:United States Senate 404:and allied with the 374:Executive Order 9835 358:was in a cartoon by 200:political repression 194:, also known as the 14237:Anarcho-syndicalism 14232:Anarcho-primitivism 14188:Voluntary Socialism 14078:Bartolomeo Vanzetti 13698:White Panther Party 13693:Weather Underground 13613:Black Panther Party 13582:Workers World Party 13562:Socialist Party USA 13472:Communist Party USA 13178:Bishop Hill Commune 12983:U.S. Virgin Islands 12469:Lithuanian American 12425:Vietnamese American 11771:End of the Cold War 11761:Invasion of Grenada 11711:Iran hostage crisis 11460:Tulsa race massacre 11267:Election of Lincoln 11262:Dred Scott decision 11250:Kansas–Nebraska Act 11153:Missouri Compromise 11071:Northwest Ordinance 11061:Pennsylvania Mutiny 11056:and Perpetual Union 11016:American Revolution 10931:War of Jenkins' Ear 10588:Alex von Tunzelmann 10578:Vladimir Tismăneanu 10503:Thomas J. McCormick 10498:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 10398:Robert Hugh Ferrell 10261:Crusade for Freedom 10058:Illiberal democracy 9942:Ho Chi Minh Thought 9745:Eisenhower Doctrine 9598:Peaceful Revolution 9593:Romanian Revolution 9573:Revolutions of 1989 9558:1988 Polish strikes 9468:Operation INFEKTION 9463:1987 Lieyu massacre 9368:Eritrean Civil Wars 9351:Peruvian Revolution 9301:1979 Herat uprising 9291:Sino-Vietnamese War 9256:Uganda–Tanzania War 9236:Egyptian–Libyan War 9203:Third Indochina War 9198:Sino-Albanian split 9188:Ethiopian Civil War 9088:Eritrean Civil Wars 9028:Ping-pong diplomacy 9001:Cambodian Civil War 8827:Korean DMZ Conflict 8812:Cultural Revolution 8782:Dominican Civil War 8760:Tlatelolco massacre 8546:1959 Mosul uprising 8536:1958 Lebanon crisis 8263:Al-Wathbah uprising 8186:First Indochina War 8156:Iran crisis of 1946 7935:on January 27, 2012 7852:"McCarthyism Today" 7520:. Scarecrow Press. 7489:Andrew, Christopher 7452:2.1 (2000): 76–115. 7426:. Greenwood Press. 6295:"Exhuming McCarthy" 6100:Sabin (1999), p. 5. 5227:Indicted under the 5058:Lev, Peter (1999). 4687:on February 6, 2017 4545:Chambers, Whittaker 4228:17 (January 2003). 3674:, pp. 105–106. 3413:(Online ed.). 3276:archive.nytimes.com 2888:Enemy of the people 2822:Conservatism portal 2737:Guilty by Suspicion 2538:anti-anti-Communism 2534:Moynihan Commission 2515:Communist Party USA 2485:Jehovah's Witnesses 2110:Columbia University 2102:in London, England. 1917:Dimitri Mitropoulos 1606:Natalie Zemon Davis 1552:Landrum–Griffin Act 1469:Hollywood blacklist 1400:Hollywood blacklist 1206:care services, and 1137:Birmingham, Alabama 948:Hollywood blacklist 938:, president of the 930:Hollywood blacklist 521:failed renomination 365:The Washington Post 310:The Washington Post 287:Communist Party USA 202:and persecution of 138:Communist Party USA 41: 14018:Charles Ruthenberg 13993:A. Philip Randolph 13873:Michael Harrington 13788:Stokely Carmichael 13638:Farmer–Labor Party 13420:Occupy Wall Street 13322:John Birch Society 13243:Labor unionization 12633:Historical regions 12589:Transgender people 12147:Capital punishment 12006:Support of Ukraine 11955:Black Lives Matter 11863:War in Afghanistan 11788:Invasion of Panama 11744:Iran–Contra affair 11605:Early–mid Cold War 11475:Harlem Renaissance 11334:Compromise of 1877 11309:Reconstruction era 11245:Fugitive Slave Act 11240:Compromise of 1850 11185:Westward expansion 11123:Louisiana Purchase 10966:Stamp Act Congress 10911:King William's War 10742:Russian Revolution 10538:Mary Elise Sarotte 10523:William B. Pickett 10448:Patrick J. Hearden 10428:Gabriel Gorodetsky 10423:Timothy Garton Ash 10408:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 10003:Ethnic nationalism 9755:Hallstein Doctrine 9639:Yemeni unification 9428:1985 Geneva Summit 9393:Casamance conflict 9296:New Jewel Movement 9281:Iranian Revolution 9266:Chadian–Libyan War 9213:Cambodian conflict 9193:Lebanese Civil War 9183:Western Sahara War 9158:June 1976 protests 9153:Cambodian genocide 8918:17 July Revolution 8872:Nigerian Civil War 8787:Rhodesian Bush War 8772:Colombian conflict 8715:Ramadan Revolution 8454:Bandung Conference 8330:Operation Valuable 8211:Partition of India 7921:Rusher, William A. 7858:on October 1, 2006 7791:. Modern Library. 7714:Navasky, Victor S. 7683:McDaniel, Rodger. 7476:24.4 (2010): 7–11. 7379:. Westview Press. 7234:. The Free Press. 6814:"The Troubled Air" 6730:The New York Times 6617:2007-02-11 at the 6301:10, no. 43 (1999). 6293:Marshall, Joshua, 5999:on October 8, 2006 5827:The New York Times 5821:2017-02-19 at the 5803:The New York Times 5797:2017-05-01 at the 5790:Herbert Mitgang. " 5698:The New York Times 5465:The New York Times 5459:2020-11-13 at the 5004:The New York Times 4984:The New York Times 4737:press.uchicago.edu 4718:David K. Johnson, 4614:M. Stanton Evans. 4150:The Texas Observer 3917:83rd U.S. Congress 2726:is set during the 2667:Salem witch trials 2634:In popular culture 2378:U.S. Supreme Court 2282:On March 9, 1954, 2259: 2244:William O. Douglas 2228: 2139:Critical reactions 1986:Edward G. Robinson 1952:, writer, humorist 1931:, literary scholar 1788:, comedian, singer 1465: 1347:possibly contains 1315:Whittaker Chambers 1157: 1009:Foley Square trial 898:United States Army 700: 625: 541: 498:when opposing the 370: 206:individuals and a 39: 14348: 14347: 14322:Utopian socialism 14302:Post-left anarchy 14227:Anarcho-communism 14181:The Other America 13953:Charlene Mitchell 13843:William Z. Foster 13763:Alexander Berkman 13716: 13715: 13577:Spartacist League 13438: 13437: 13170:Utopian socialism 13119: 13118: 13077: 13076: 13073: 13072: 12638:American frontier 12599: 12598: 12529:Lebanese American 12514:Egyptian American 12449:Estonian American 12439:Albanian American 12433:European American 12410:Japanese American 12400:Filipino American 12361: 12360: 12023: 12022: 12019: 12018: 11972:COVID-19 pandemic 11875:Hurricane Katrina 11816:Los Angeles riots 11706:Watergate scandal 11551:Start of Cold War 11519:Manhattan Project 11106:Whiskey Rebellion 10936:King George's War 10901:Thirteen Colonies 10862:Pre-Columbian Era 10773: 10772: 10760:List of conflicts 10608:Rudolph Winnacker 10553:Giles Scott-Smith 10528:Ronald E. Powaski 10483:Melvyn P. Leffler 10413:John Lewis Gaddis 10388:Robert D. English 10353:Warren H. Carroll 10343:Michael Beschloss 10312:Nuclear arms race 10293: 10292: 10199:Neues Deutschland 10101: 10100: 10083:White nationalism 10053:Liberal democracy 9790:Ulbricht Doctrine 9780:Brezhnev Doctrine 9588:Velvet Revolution 9332:Soviet–Afghan War 9148:Angolan Civil War 8945:Goulash Communism 8802:ASEAN Declaration 8755:Mexican Dirty War 8653:Annexation of Goa 8604:1960 U-2 incident 8578:Sino-Soviet split 8556:Laotian Civil War 8396:Bricker Amendment 8376:Mau Mau rebellion 8320:Malayan Emergency 8308:Chinese Civil War 8268:Tito–Stalin split 8122:Division of Korea 7897:"Cold War Ghosts" 7720:. Hill and Wang. 7687:WordsWorth, 2013. 7601:Evans, M. Stanton 7493:Mitrokhin, Vasili 7414:978-0-385-51445-3 7316:. Little, Brown. 7189:Haynes, John Earl 6938:The Herblock Book 6476:Haynes, John Earl 6348:David Aaronovitch 6299:American Prospect 6205:July 7, 2012, at 5621:. Amadeus Press. 5427:Los Angeles Times 5264:Treasonable Doubt 3919:(July 30, 1954). 3421:(Subscription or 3404:"McCarthyism, n." 3302:Prologue Magazine 3192:978-0-3167-7470-3 3182:Ellen Schrecker, 2699:Herschel Bernardi 2600:Geoffrey R. Stone 2190:freedom of speech 2069:Charles W. Thayer 2034:William L. Shirer 1945:Manhattan Project 1929:Charles Muscatine 1819:Cornelius Lanczos 1780:Ernst Kantorowicz 1661:Lion Feuchtwanger 1529:Leonard Bernstein 1392: 1391: 1384: 1349:original research 1307:Elizabeth Bentley 1295:civil libertarian 1013:contempt of court 993:Workers' Alliance 989:Hatch Act of 1939 944:Waldorf Statement 914:brigadier general 902:Army Signal Corps 849:Senate committees 665:four-week hearing 657:Manhattan Project 641:Dwight Eisenhower 563:political cartoon 473:Manhattan Project 442:Elizabeth Bentley 368:, March 29, 1950. 301:political cartoon 263:Czechoslovak coup 237:, after FBI Head 189: 188: 16:(Redirected from 14448: 14340:Socialism portal 14312:Social democracy 14287:Marxism–Leninism 14167:Monopoly Capital 14160:Looking Backward 14125:Appeal to Reason 14058:Lysander Spooner 13948:David McReynolds 13828:W. E. B. Du Bois 13758:Victor L. Berger 13547:Socialist Action 13447: 13446: 13342:Smith Act trials 13258:Women's suffrage 13248:Haymarket affair 13205:Oneida Community 13194:Looking Backward 13166: 13165: 13156: 13146: 13139: 13132: 13123: 13122: 13109: 13099: 13098: 13063: 13062: 12992:Outlying islands 12949:Washington, D.C. 12944:Federal District 12643:Manifest destiny 12616: 12615: 12605: 12604: 12547:Native Americans 12519:Iranian American 12493:Mexican American 12479:Serbian American 12464:Italian American 12454:Finnish American 12444:English American 12395:Chinese American 12382:African American 12367: 12366: 12172:Direct democracy 12162:The Constitution 12121:Higher education 12044:American Century 12029: 12028: 11482:Great Depression 11455:Women's suffrage 11445:Roaring Twenties 11371:Haymarket affair 11329:Enforcement Acts 11118:Jeffersonian era 11066:Shays' Rebellion 10986:Intolerable Acts 10981:Boston Tea Party 10916:Queen Anne's War 10844: 10843: 10833: 10832: 10800: 10793: 10786: 10777: 10776: 10518:David S. Painter 10443:John Earl Haynes 10373:Nicholas J. Cull 10358:Adrian Cioroianu 10338:Thomas A. Bailey 10285:Voice of America 10176: 10175: 10088:White separatism 10068:Social democracy 10063:Guided democracy 10043:Authoritarianism 9993:Ultranationalism 9983:Anti-imperialism 9910:Marxism–Leninism 9823: 9822: 9810:Kinmen Agreement 9775:Johnson Doctrine 9760:Kennedy Doctrine 9676:Frozen conflicts 9659:1991 August Coup 9548:Afghan Civil War 9443:Reykjavík Summit 9438:Somali Rebellion 9378:Ugandan Bush War 9356:Gdańsk Agreement 8877:Protests of 1968 8857:War of Attrition 8566:Cuban Revolution 8502:We will bury you 8469:Cyprus Emergency 8449:Kashmir Princess 8439:Jebel Akhdar War 8288:Western betrayal 7973: 7966: 7959: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7942: 7940: 7916: 7914: 7912: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7867: 7865: 7863: 7846: 7844: 7842: 7816: 7810: 7802: 7785:Weinstein, Allen 7773: 7761: 7750: 7731: 7709: 7698:. 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Murrow 2769:David Strathairn 2691:Walter Bernstein 2642:The Troubled Air 2592:War on Terrorism 2554:John Earl Haynes 2547:in this country, 2451:State Department 2330:John Henry Faulk 2263:Edward R. Murrow 2256:Edward R. Murrow 2206:Edward John Thye 2202:Charles W. Tobey 2154:Taft–Hartley Act 2083:, screenwriter, 2075:Edward C. Tolman 2046:Jack Steinberger 1895:Burgess Meredith 1860:, screenwriter, 1846:Jacob Loewenberg 1827:, screenwriter, 1825:Ring Lardner Jr. 1708:Dashiell Hammett 1504:Walter Bernstein 1498:Robert N. Bellah 1387: 1380: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1364:inline citations 1340: 1339: 1332: 1179:; opposition to 1091:criminal anarchy 977:Laws and arrests 891:fellow travelers 882:Voice of America 796:Rep. 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Basic Books. 7483: 7481:Further reading 7466:(1976): 42–54. 7445: 7440: 7434: 7415: 7387: 7364: 7343: 7324: 7303: 7284: 7265: 7242: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7181: 7154: 7135: 7114: 7091: 7072: 7051: 7030: 7007: 6986: 6967: 6948: 6931: 6926: 6925: 6915: 6913: 6900: 6899: 6895: 6885: 6883: 6868: 6864: 6854: 6852: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6812: 6811: 6807: 6797: 6795: 6784: 6780: 6770: 6768: 6753: 6749: 6739: 6737: 6722: 6718: 6711: 6697: 6693: 6683: 6681: 6674:Chicago Tribune 6666: 6662: 6655: 6637: 6633: 6619:Wayback Machine 6609: 6605: 6598: 6576: 6572: 6565: 6547: 6543: 6533: 6531: 6525: 6521: 6511: 6509: 6503: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6473: 6469: 6458: 6456: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6418:. Ivan R. 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Basic Books. 5898: 5894: 5881: 5877: 5870: 5855: 5851: 5845:Wayback Machine 5837: 5833: 5823:Wayback Machine 5813: 5809: 5799:Wayback Machine 5789: 5785: 5778: 5758: 5754: 5749: 5745: 5738: 5717: 5713: 5708: 5704: 5694:Wayback Machine 5685: 5681: 5668: 5664: 5654: 5652: 5645:"Linus Pauling" 5640: 5636: 5629: 5613: 5609: 5602: 5588: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5514: 5510: 5501: 5497: 5487: 5485: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5461:Wayback Machine 5451: 5447: 5438: 5437: 5433: 5421: 5417: 5410: 5396: 5392: 5387: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5285: 5281: 5274: 5260: 5256: 5249: 5226: 5222: 5215: 5205:Dolores del Río 5194: 5190: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5149: 5142: 5125: 5121: 5112: 5077: 5070: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 5010: 4999: 4995: 4994: 4990: 4980:Wayback Machine 4971: 4967: 4960: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4879: 4877: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4851: 4836: 4832: 4827: 4823: 4818: 4814: 4805: 4801: 4796: 4789: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4760: 4746: 4744: 4731: 4730: 4726: 4717: 4713: 4708: 4704: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4629: 4625: 4613: 4609: 4592: 4588: 4579: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4542: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4489: 4485: 4472: 4471: 4467: 4460: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4355: 4348: 4341: 4321: 4317: 4310: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4253: 4249: 4244: 4240: 4222:Wayback Machine 4212: 4208: 4198: 4196: 4189: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4113: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4081: 4072: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4005: 4001: 3986: 3970: 3963: 3958: 3954: 3938: 3937: 3930: 3928: 3914: 3910: 3905: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3885: 3869: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3811: 3809: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3756: 3752: 3741: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3702: 3694:. p. 153. 3682: 3678: 3670: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3601: 3594: 3589: 3585: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3558: 3553: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3493: 3489: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3459: 3454: 3450: 3439: 3435: 3420: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3378: 3361: 3357: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3311: 3309: 3294: 3290: 3280: 3278: 3270: 3269: 3265: 3256: 3252: 3243: 3239: 3234: 3230: 3226:. pp. 205, 207. 3201: 3197: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3152: 3151: 3144: 3134: 3132: 3119: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3092: 3076: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3044: 3043: 3036: 3026: 3024: 3009: 3002: 2992: 2990: 2983: 2957: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2862: 2857: 2855: 2848: 2841: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2820: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2780:The 2016 opera 2639:The 1951 novel 2636: 2562: 2529:Daniel Moynihan 2507: 2464: 2459: 2415:Harry Slochower 2374: 2326: 2317: 2273:Milo Radulovich 2224:Joseph N. Welch 2141: 2120: 2115:Gian Carlo Wick 2090:Tsien Hsue-shen 2052:Dirk Jan Struik 1907:Jessica Mitford 1834:Arthur Laurents 1768:Theodore Kaghan 1744:Langston Hughes 1726:Lillian Hellman 1720:Elizabeth Hawes 1714:Hananiah Harari 1639:Albert Einstein 1612:Dolores del Río 1602:, mathematician 1588:Howard Da Silva 1570:Charlie Chaplin 1558:Esther Brunauer 1523:Elmer Bernstein 1434:John Cairncross 1416:" spy scandal ( 1406: 1388: 1377: 1371: 1368: 1353: 1341: 1337: 1330: 1322:U.S. government 1268:Truman Doctrine 1244: 1223:National Review 1161:American Legion 1149: 1147:Popular support 1080: 1056:Hubert Humphrey 985: 979: 932: 926: 851: 835:William Grooper 831:Fifth Amendment 820:First Amendment 791: 785: 780: 764: 748:Ellen Schrecker 707:J. Edgar Hoover 696:J. Edgar Hoover 689: 639:When President 617: 612: 585: 568:Washington Post 537:Joseph McCarthy 529: 456:. In 1950, the 433:and elsewhere. 423:Truman Doctrine 408:, the issue of 382:First Red Scare 348: 342: 299:, along with a 258:executive order 254:Harry S. Truman 250:First Red Scare 239:J. Edgar Hoover 216:Joseph McCarthy 185: 126: 122:J. Edgar Hoover 117:Joseph McCarthy 67: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14454: 14444: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14346: 14345: 14343: 14342: 14337: 14331: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14324: 14319: 14314: 14309: 14304: 14299: 14294: 14289: 14284: 14279: 14274: 14269: 14264: 14259: 14254: 14249: 14244: 14239: 14234: 14229: 14224: 14219: 14214: 14208: 14206: 14205:Related topics 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14195:Why Socialism? 14191: 14184: 14177: 14174:Monthly Review 14170: 14163: 14156: 14149: 14142: 14135: 14128: 14120: 14118: 14114: 14113: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14100: 14095: 14090: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14053:Upton Sinclair 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14030: 14028:Bernie Sanders 14025: 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13983:Albert Parsons 13980: 13975: 13970: 13965: 13963:Huey P. Newton 13960: 13955: 13950: 13945: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13925: 13920: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13900: 13898:Angela Heywood 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13870: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13850: 13848:Luigi Galleani 13845: 13840: 13835: 13830: 13825: 13820: 13818:Daniel De Leon 13815: 13813:Eugene V. Debs 13810: 13805: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13753:Edward Bellamy 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13724: 13722: 13718: 13717: 13714: 13713: 13711: 13710: 13705: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13685: 13680: 13675: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13645: 13640: 13635: 13630: 13625: 13620: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13599: 13597: 13593: 13592: 13590: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13559: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13534: 13532:Redneck Revolt 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13453: 13451: 13444: 13440: 13439: 13436: 13435: 13433: 13432: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13406: 13404: 13400: 13399: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13378:I Have a Dream 13374: 13369: 13363: 13361: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13346: 13345: 13344: 13334: 13329: 13324: 13319: 13314: 13309: 13308: 13307: 13302: 13295:labor movement 13288: 13283: 13278: 13272: 13270: 13264: 13263: 13261: 13260: 13255: 13250: 13245: 13240: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13219: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13208: 13207: 13202: 13197: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13174: 13172: 13163: 13159: 13158: 13149: 13148: 13141: 13134: 13126: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13113: 13103: 13093: 13091:Historiography 13088: 13082: 13079: 13078: 13075: 13074: 13071: 13070: 13068: 13067: 13057: 13051: 13049: 13045: 13044: 13042: 13041: 13036: 13031: 13029:Navassa Island 13026: 13021: 13016: 13014:Johnston Atoll 13011: 13006: 13004:Howland Island 13001: 12995: 12993: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12985: 12980: 12975: 12970: 12965: 12963:American Samoa 12959: 12957: 12953: 12952: 12947: 12945: 12941: 12940: 12938: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12885:South Carolina 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12850:North Carolina 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12797: 12792: 12787: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12692: 12686: 12684: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12676: 12674:The West Coast 12671: 12666: 12660: 12658: 12654: 12653: 12651: 12650: 12648:Indian removal 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12624: 12622: 12612: 12611: 12601: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12594: 12593: 12592: 12591: 12586: 12581: 12569: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12555: 12543: 12542: 12541: 12539:Saudi American 12536: 12531: 12526: 12524:Iraqi American 12521: 12516: 12504: 12497: 12496: 12495: 12483: 12482: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12459:Irish American 12456: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12429: 12428: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12412: 12407: 12402: 12397: 12389:Asian American 12385: 12377: 12374: 12373: 12363: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12356: 12355: 12354: 12353: 12348: 12343: 12338: 12333: 12321: 12320: 12319: 12317:Sexual slavery 12307: 12300: 12293: 12292: 12291: 12286: 12281: 12276: 12271: 12266: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12215: 12208: 12201: 12200: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12187:Postal service 12184: 12179: 12177:Foreign policy 12174: 12169: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12132: 12125: 12124: 12123: 12111: 12110: 12109: 12097: 12096: 12095: 12083: 12082: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12054: 12047: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12025: 12024: 12021: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12014: 12013: 12008: 12003: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11980: 11979: 11969: 11964: 11957: 11952: 11951: 11950: 11945: 11940: 11935: 11930: 11925: 11920: 11915: 11905: 11899: 11897: 11891: 11890: 11888: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11865: 11855: 11850: 11843: 11838: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11802: 11800: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11780: 11775: 11774: 11773: 11768: 11763: 11753: 11751:Crack epidemic 11748: 11747: 11746: 11741: 11730: 11728: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11718: 11716:Moral Majority 11713: 11708: 11703: 11702: 11701: 11694:Gay liberation 11691: 11686: 11684:Counterculture 11681: 11676: 11675: 11674: 11672:Fall of Saigon 11669: 11664: 11654: 11653: 11652: 11650:Apollo program 11647: 11645:Project Gemini 11637: 11631: 11629: 11623: 11622: 11620: 11619: 11614: 11613: 11612: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11580: 11575: 11570: 11563:Early Cold War 11560: 11559: 11558: 11548: 11542: 11540: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11530: 11529: 11528: 11527: 11526: 11516: 11511: 11501: 11500: 11499: 11494: 11489: 11479: 11478: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11442: 11437: 11436: 11435: 11424: 11422: 11416: 11415: 11413: 11412: 11407: 11406: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11380: 11379: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11343: 11338: 11337: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11321: 11316: 11305: 11303: 11297: 11296: 11294: 11293: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11276: 11275: 11274: 11269: 11264: 11259: 11258: 11257: 11247: 11242: 11235:Prelude to War 11232: 11227: 11225:Antebellum Era 11221: 11219: 11213: 11212: 11210: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11198: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11177: 11172: 11170:Trail of Tears 11165:Jacksonian era 11162: 11161: 11160: 11155: 11144: 11142: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11125: 11115: 11114: 11113: 11108: 11101:Federalist Era 11098: 11096:Bill of Rights 11092: 11090: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11079: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11045: 11044: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11031:Lee Resolution 11028: 11023: 11012: 11010: 11004: 11003: 11001: 11000: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10877: 10875: 10869: 10868: 10866: 10865: 10858: 10850: 10848: 10840: 10839: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10820: 10814: 10811: 10810: 10803: 10802: 10795: 10788: 10780: 10771: 10770: 10768: 10767: 10762: 10757: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10745: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10729: 10724: 10719: 10714: 10709: 10703: 10701: 10697: 10696: 10694: 10693: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10673: 10668: 10663: 10658: 10653: 10648: 10643: 10638: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10600: 10595: 10590: 10585: 10580: 10575: 10570: 10565: 10563:Timothy Snyder 10560: 10555: 10550: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10500: 10495: 10493:Vojtech Mastny 10490: 10488:Geir Lundestad 10485: 10480: 10478:Walter Laqueur 10475: 10473:Walter LaFeber 10470: 10465: 10460: 10455: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10405: 10403:André Fontaine 10400: 10395: 10390: 10385: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10355: 10350: 10345: 10340: 10335: 10333:Gar Alperovitz 10329: 10327: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10303: 10301: 10295: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10287: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10270: 10263: 10258: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10233: 10228: 10221: 10214: 10209: 10202: 10195: 10188: 10182: 10180: 10173: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10165: 10160: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10073:Third-Worldism 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10015: 10010: 10005: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9974: 9972: 9968: 9967: 9965: 9964: 9959: 9954: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9901: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9862:Libertarianism 9859: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9842: 9840:Chicago school 9837: 9831: 9829: 9820: 9816: 9815: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9792: 9787: 9785:Nixon Doctrine 9782: 9777: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9752: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9728:Foreign policy 9725: 9724: 9722: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9680: 9678: 9672: 9671: 9669: 9668: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9600: 9595: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9575: 9570: 9565: 9560: 9555: 9550: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9513:Operation RYAN 9510: 9505: 9500: 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9470: 9465: 9460: 9455: 9450: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9418:Able Archer 83 9415: 9410: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9370: 9365: 9364: 9363: 9353: 9348: 9343: 9334: 9329: 9323: 9321: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9168:Oromo conflict 9165: 9160: 9155: 9150: 9145: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9108:Yom Kippur War 9105: 9100: 9095: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9030: 9025: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8967: 8965: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8931: 8930: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8891: 8886: 8885: 8884: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8763: 8762: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8740:Aden Emergency 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8658:Papua conflict 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8639: 8638: 8628: 8627: 8626: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8590: 8588: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8574: 8573: 8563: 8561:Kitchen Debate 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8521:Sputnik crisis 8518: 8513: 8505: 8498: 8493: 8491:Polish October 8488: 8483: 8478: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8391:Pact of Madrid 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8346:Bamboo Curtain 8342: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8316: 8315: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8145: 8137: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8106: 8101: 8100: 8099: 8094: 8086: 8073: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8046: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7995: 7987: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7953: 7946: 7945: 7917: 7892: 7868: 7847: 7825: 7823: 7822:External links 7820: 7818: 7817: 7797: 7781: 7774: 7768: 7751: 7745: 7739:. Free Press. 7732: 7726: 7710: 7704: 7688: 7681: 7674: 7665: 7659: 7644: 7638: 7621: 7616:978-1400081059 7615: 7597: 7591: 7573: 7567: 7551: 7544: 7526: 7511: 7505: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7470: 7460: 7453: 7444: 7443:Historiography 7441: 7439: 7438: 7433:978-0313337208 7432: 7419: 7413: 7391: 7385: 7368: 7362: 7347: 7341: 7328: 7322: 7307: 7301: 7288: 7282: 7269: 7263: 7246: 7240: 7225: 7205: 7185: 7179: 7158: 7152: 7139: 7133: 7118: 7112: 7095: 7089: 7076: 7070: 7055: 7049: 7034: 7028: 7011: 7005: 6990: 6984: 6971: 6965: 6952: 6946: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6924: 6923: 6893: 6862: 6845:The New Yorker 6831: 6805: 6778: 6747: 6716: 6709: 6691: 6660: 6653: 6631: 6610:Cole, David, " 6603: 6596: 6570: 6563: 6541: 6519: 6497: 6467: 6431: 6424: 6401: 6367: 6340: 6334:978-0199329175 6333: 6303: 6286: 6249: 6214: 6191: 6182: 6159: 6150: 6141: 6111: 6102: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6068: 6046: 6037: 6028: 6019: 6010: 5983: 5974: 5947: 5927: 5918: 5911: 5892: 5886:(Amherst, MA: 5875: 5868: 5849: 5831: 5807: 5783: 5777:978-0571199075 5776: 5752: 5743: 5736: 5711: 5702: 5679: 5662: 5634: 5627: 5607: 5600: 5577: 5568: 5562:978-0898715378 5561: 5535: 5529:978-0521244886 5528: 5508: 5502:Keith Haynes " 5495: 5469: 5445: 5431: 5415: 5408: 5390: 5381: 5365: 5359:978-3895286346 5358: 5340: 5331: 5324: 5306: 5299: 5279: 5273:978-0700613113 5272: 5254: 5247: 5220: 5213: 5188: 5179: 5147: 5140: 5134:. Touchstone. 5119: 5075: 5068: 5049: 5042: 5024: 4988: 4965: 4959:978-0807824474 4958: 4939: 4932: 4914: 4887: 4866:"Lucille Ball" 4856: 4849: 4830: 4821: 4812: 4799: 4787: 4774: 4758: 4724: 4711: 4702: 4663: 4654: 4645: 4636: 4623: 4607: 4603:978-0375755361 4586: 4573: 4564: 4558:978-0848809584 4557: 4536: 4527: 4514:978-0199329175 4513: 4483: 4465: 4459:978-0684824277 4458: 4438: 4431: 4413: 4406: 4382: 4376:978-0300080797 4375: 4346: 4340:978-0684836256 4339: 4315: 4308: 4282: 4273: 4266: 4247: 4238: 4206: 4188:978-0275983062 4187: 4167: 4136: 4106: 4100:978-0896083745 4099: 4070: 4061: 4052: 4043: 4036: 4017: 4008: 3999: 3985:978-1472413772 3984: 3961: 3952: 3908: 3899: 3890: 3884:978-1618935434 3883: 3863: 3837: 3828: 3819: 3790: 3781: 3750: 3740:978-0809319992 3739: 3719: 3701:978-1587290343 3700: 3676: 3664: 3655: 3622: 3613: 3604: 3592: 3583: 3574: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3538: 3529: 3520: 3514:978-0791404683 3513: 3487: 3482:www.senate.gov 3466: 3457: 3448: 3433: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3355: 3328: 3319: 3288: 3263: 3250: 3237: 3228: 3195: 3175: 3142: 3109: 3091:978-0809016259 3090: 3067: 3034: 3000: 2982:978-0199329175 2981: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2873:Cancel culture 2869: 2868: 2867: 2853: 2839: 2825: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2804: 2794: 2793: 2790:lavender scare 2777: 2776: 2765:George Clooney 2757:The 2005 film 2754: 2753: 2746:Annette Bening 2742:Robert De Niro 2732: 2731: 2720:The 1985 film 2718: 2715:Joshua Shelley 2703:Michael Murphy 2675:The 1976 film 2672: 2671: 2652: 2651: 2635: 2632: 2608:Jonah Goldberg 2561: 2558: 2511:Venona project 2506: 2503: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2446:Kent v. Dulles 2386:Richard Rovere 2373: 2370: 2345:legally liable 2325: 2324:Notable events 2322: 2316: 2313: 2198:Irving M. Ives 2140: 2137: 2119: 2118: 2112: 2103: 2093: 2087: 2078: 2077:, psychologist 2072: 2066: 2063:Monthly Review 2055: 2049: 2043: 2040:Lionel Stander 2037: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2013: 2007: 2001: 1998:David S. Saxon 1995: 1994:, screenwriter 1989: 1983: 1977: 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1950:Dorothy Parker 1947: 1938: 1935:Joseph Needham 1932: 1926: 1920: 1914: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1889:Thomas McGrath 1886: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1855: 1849: 1843: 1837: 1831: 1822: 1816: 1810: 1806:, actress and 1804:Gypsy Rose Lee 1801: 1798:Otto Klemperer 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1771: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1752:, U.S. Senator 1750:Lester C. Hunt 1747: 1741: 1735: 1732:Dorothy Healey 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1684:C.H. Garrigues 1681: 1675: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1636: 1633:George A. Eddy 1630: 1627:W.E.B. Du Bois 1624: 1618:Edward Dmytryk 1615: 1609: 1603: 1600:Chandler Davis 1597: 1591: 1585: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1546:Archie Brown, 1544: 1541:Bertolt Brecht 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1507: 1506:, screenwriter 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1476: 1443:lavender scare 1422:Donald Maclean 1414:Cambridge Five 1404:Lavender scare 1390: 1389: 1344: 1342: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1257:Venona project 1243: 1240: 1177:United Nations 1148: 1145: 1079: 1076: 978: 975: 928:Main article: 925: 922: 904:laboratory at 863:Owen Lattimore 850: 847: 787:Main article: 784: 781: 779: 776: 763: 760: 688: 685: 616: 613: 611: 608: 584: 581: 528: 525: 418:puppet régimes 410:anti-communism 341: 338: 222:Chief Justice 187: 186: 184: 183: 178: 174: 172: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160: 153: 149: 148: 147: 146: 143: 140: 132: 128: 127: 125: 124: 119: 113: 107: 105: 101: 100: 91: 87: 86: 81: 77: 76: 73: 69: 68: 61:anti-communist 58: 50: 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14453: 14442: 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14358: 14356: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14332: 14329: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14313: 14310: 14308: 14305: 14303: 14300: 14298: 14295: 14293: 14290: 14288: 14285: 14283: 14280: 14278: 14275: 14273: 14270: 14268: 14265: 14263: 14262:Labor history 14260: 14258: 14255: 14253: 14250: 14248: 14245: 14243: 14240: 14238: 14235: 14233: 14230: 14228: 14225: 14223: 14220: 14218: 14215: 14213: 14212:American Left 14210: 14209: 14207: 14203: 14197: 14196: 14192: 14190: 14189: 14185: 14183: 14182: 14178: 14176: 14175: 14171: 14169: 14168: 14164: 14162: 14161: 14157: 14155: 14154: 14150: 14148: 14147: 14143: 14141: 14140: 14136: 14134: 14133: 14129: 14127: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14119: 14115: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14103:Frank Zeidler 14101: 14099: 14096: 14094: 14091: 14089: 14086: 14084: 14083:Josiah Warren 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14068:Norman Thomas 14066: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14049: 14048:Max Shachtman 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14033:Kshama Sawant 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14013:Bayard Rustin 14011: 14009: 14008:Rudolf Rocker 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13998:George Ripley 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13969: 13966: 13964: 13961: 13959: 13956: 13954: 13951: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13938:Jay Lovestone 13936: 13934: 13931: 13929: 13926: 13924: 13923:Abbie Hoffman 13921: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13906: 13904: 13901: 13899: 13896: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13888:Harry Haywood 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13849: 13846: 13844: 13841: 13839: 13838:James W. Ford 13836: 13834: 13831: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13823:Farrell Dobbs 13821: 13819: 13816: 13814: 13811: 13809: 13806: 13804: 13801: 13799: 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13778:Étienne Cabet 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13725: 13723: 13719: 13709: 13706: 13704: 13701: 13699: 13696: 13694: 13691: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13681: 13679: 13676: 13674: 13671: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13644: 13641: 13639: 13636: 13634: 13631: 13629: 13626: 13624: 13621: 13619: 13616: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13600: 13598: 13594: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 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13066: 13058: 13056: 13055:Urban history 13053: 13052: 13050: 13046: 13040: 13037: 13035: 13034:Palmyra Atoll 13032: 13030: 13027: 13025: 13022: 13020: 13017: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13009:Jarvis Island 13007: 13005: 13002: 13000: 12997: 12996: 12994: 12990: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12974: 12971: 12969: 12966: 12964: 12961: 12960: 12958: 12956:Insular areas 12954: 12950: 12946: 12942: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12925:West Virginia 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12830:New Hampshire 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12801: 12798: 12796: 12793: 12791: 12790:Massachusetts 12788: 12786: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12696: 12693: 12691: 12688: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12621: 12617: 12613: 12606: 12602: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12576: 12575: 12574: 12570: 12568: 12567: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12544: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12510: 12509: 12505: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12494: 12491: 12490: 12489: 12488: 12484: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12436: 12435: 12434: 12430: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12420:Thai American 12418: 12416: 12413: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12392: 12391: 12390: 12386: 12384: 12383: 12379: 12378: 12375: 12368: 12364: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12342: 12339: 12337: 12334: 12332: 12329: 12328: 12327: 12326: 12322: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12313: 12312: 12308: 12306: 12305: 12301: 12299: 12298: 12294: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12261: 12260: 12259: 12258:Party Systems 12255: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12223: 12222: 12221: 12220: 12216: 12214: 12213: 12209: 12207: 12206: 12202: 12198: 12197:Voting rights 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12139: 12138: 12137: 12133: 12131: 12130: 12126: 12122: 12119: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12098: 12094: 12091: 12090: 12089: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12055: 12053: 12052: 12048: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12040: 12037: 12030: 12026: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 12001: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11962: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11949: 11946: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11914: 11911: 11910: 11909: 11906: 11904: 11901: 11900: 11898: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11869: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11860: 11859: 11858:War on terror 11856: 11854: 11851: 11849: 11848: 11844: 11842: 11839: 11837: 11834: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11799: 11795: 11789: 11786: 11784: 11781: 11779: 11776: 11772: 11769: 11767: 11764: 11762: 11759: 11758: 11757: 11756:Late Cold War 11754: 11752: 11749: 11745: 11742: 11740: 11737: 11736: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11729: 11727: 11723: 11717: 11714: 11712: 11709: 11707: 11704: 11700: 11697: 11696: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11659: 11658: 11655: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11642: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11635:Great Society 11633: 11632: 11630: 11628: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11611: 11608: 11607: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11590:Post-war boom 11588: 11584: 11581: 11579: 11576: 11574: 11571: 11569: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11561: 11557: 11554: 11553: 11552: 11549: 11547: 11544: 11543: 11541: 11539: 11535: 11525: 11522: 11521: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11506: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11495: 11493: 11490: 11488: 11485: 11484: 11483: 11480: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11447: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11434: 11431: 11430: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11417: 11411: 11408: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11385: 11384: 11381: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11348: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11311: 11310: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11298: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11281: 11280: 11277: 11273: 11270: 11268: 11265: 11263: 11260: 11256: 11253: 11252: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11237: 11236: 11233: 11231: 11228: 11226: 11223: 11222: 11220: 11218: 11214: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11176: 11173: 11171: 11168: 11167: 11166: 11163: 11159: 11156: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11149: 11146: 11145: 11143: 11141: 11137: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11116: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11103: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11093: 11091: 11089: 11085: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11017: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11009: 11005: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10943: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10859: 10857: 10856: 10852: 10851: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10815: 10812: 10808: 10801: 10796: 10794: 10789: 10787: 10782: 10781: 10778: 10766: 10763: 10761: 10758: 10756: 10753: 10752: 10749: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10728: 10727:War on terror 10725: 10723: 10720: 10718: 10715: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10698: 10692: 10689: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10672: 10669: 10667: 10664: 10662: 10659: 10657: 10654: 10652: 10649: 10647: 10644: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10622:Espionage and 10620: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10599: 10596: 10594: 10591: 10589: 10586: 10584: 10581: 10579: 10576: 10574: 10573:Andrew Thorpe 10571: 10569: 10566: 10564: 10561: 10559: 10556: 10554: 10551: 10549: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10499: 10496: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10484: 10481: 10479: 10476: 10474: 10471: 10469: 10468:Gabriel Kolko 10466: 10464: 10461: 10459: 10456: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10433:Fred Halliday 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10418:Lloyd Gardner 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10406: 10404: 10401: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10384: 10381: 10379: 10378:Norman Davies 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10363:John Costello 10361: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10349: 10346: 10344: 10341: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10318: 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10298:Technological 10296: 10286: 10283: 10281: 10278: 10277: 10274: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10252: 10251: 10249: 10245: 10239: 10238: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10226: 10222: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10203: 10201: 10200: 10196: 10194: 10193: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10179:Pro-communist 10177: 10174: 10170: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106:Organizations 10104: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9969: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9920:Eurocommunism 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9898: 9894: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9824: 9821: 9817: 9811: 9808: 9806: 9803: 9801: 9798: 9796: 9793: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9771: 9768: 9766: 9763: 9761: 9758: 9756: 9753: 9751: 9750:Domino theory 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9726: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9704:South Ossetia 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9681: 9679: 9677: 9673: 9667: 9664: 9660: 9657: 9656: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9605: 9599: 9596: 9594: 9591: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9488:8888 Uprising 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9471: 9469: 9466: 9464: 9461: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9433:Iran–Iraq War 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9398:Falklands War 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9362: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9335: 9333: 9330: 9328: 9325: 9324: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9261:NDF Rebellion 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9241:German Autumn 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9128:Metapolitefsi 9126: 9124: 9121: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9094: 9091: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9023: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9002: 8999: 8997: 8994: 8992: 8989: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8962: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8925: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8892: 8890: 8889:Prague Spring 8887: 8883: 8880: 8879: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8867:Al-Wadiah War 8865: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8848: 8845: 8843: 8840: 8838: 8835: 8833: 8832:12-3 incident 8830: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8761: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8637: 8634: 8633: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8576: 8572: 8569: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8503: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8487: 8484: 8482: 8479: 8476: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8429: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8411:Domino theory 8409: 8407: 8406:Petrov Affair 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8337: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8314: 8311: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8283:Madiun Affair 8281: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8243:Marshall Plan 8241: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8151: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8092: 8087: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8078: 8077: 8074: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8051: 8047: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7992:United States 7989: 7988: 7985: 7981: 7974: 7969: 7967: 7962: 7960: 7955: 7954: 7951: 7934: 7930: 7926: 7923:(Fall 2004). 7922: 7918: 7906: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7881: 7877: 7873: 7869: 7857: 7853: 7848: 7836: 7832: 7827: 7826: 7814: 7808: 7800: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7779: 7775: 7771: 7765: 7760: 7759: 7752: 7748: 7742: 7738: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7719: 7715: 7711: 7707: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7689: 7686: 7682: 7679: 7675: 7672: 7671: 7666: 7662: 7656: 7653:. Encounter. 7652: 7651: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7630: 7629: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7598: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7570: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7552: 7549: 7545: 7533: 7529: 7523: 7519: 7518: 7512: 7508: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7485: 7475: 7471: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7454: 7451: 7447: 7446: 7435: 7429: 7425: 7420: 7416: 7410: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7382: 7377: 7376: 7369: 7365: 7359: 7355: 7354: 7348: 7344: 7338: 7334: 7329: 7325: 7319: 7315: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7294: 7289: 7285: 7279: 7275: 7270: 7266: 7260: 7256: 7252: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7233: 7232: 7226: 7222: 7216: 7208: 7202: 7198: 7194: 7190: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7172: 7167: 7166: 7159: 7155: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7119: 7115: 7109: 7104: 7103: 7096: 7092: 7086: 7082: 7077: 7073: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7042: 7041: 7035: 7031: 7025: 7020: 7019: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6998: 6997: 6991: 6987: 6981: 6977: 6972: 6968: 6962: 6958: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6897: 6881: 6877: 6873: 6866: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6835: 6819: 6815: 6809: 6793: 6789: 6782: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6751: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6720: 6712: 6706: 6702: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6671: 6664: 6656: 6650: 6645: 6644: 6635: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6607: 6599: 6593: 6589: 6584: 6583: 6574: 6566: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6545: 6530: 6523: 6508: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6444: 6435: 6427: 6421: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6405: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6374: 6372: 6364: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6352: 6349: 6344: 6336: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6307: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6271: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6218: 6212: 6208: 6207:archive.today 6204: 6201: 6195: 6186: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6163: 6154: 6145: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6106: 6097: 6088: 6079: 6071: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058:Fear on Trial 6050: 6041: 6032: 6023: 6014: 5998: 5994: 5987: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5951: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5931: 5922: 5914: 5908: 5904: 5896: 5889: 5885: 5879: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5839: 5835: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5817: 5811: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5793: 5787: 5779: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5756: 5747: 5739: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5724: 5715: 5706: 5699: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5683: 5676: 5672: 5666: 5650: 5646: 5638: 5630: 5624: 5620: 5619: 5611: 5603: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5572: 5564: 5558: 5554: 5549: 5548: 5539: 5531: 5525: 5521: 5520: 5512: 5505: 5499: 5483: 5479: 5473: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5449: 5441: 5435: 5428: 5424: 5419: 5411: 5405: 5401: 5394: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5375: 5369: 5361: 5355: 5351: 5344: 5335: 5327: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5302: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5283: 5275: 5269: 5265: 5258: 5250: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5230: 5224: 5216: 5210: 5206: 5200: 5199: 5192: 5183: 5168: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5143: 5137: 5133: 5132: 5123: 5116: 5110: 5108: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5071: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5045: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5009: 5005: 4998: 4992: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4969: 4961: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4891: 4875: 4871: 4867: 4860: 4852: 4846: 4842: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4809: 4803: 4794: 4792: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4765: 4763: 4755: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4721: 4715: 4706: 4699: 4683: 4676: 4675: 4667: 4658: 4649: 4640: 4633: 4627: 4620: 4618: 4611: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4583: 4577: 4568: 4560: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4531: 4516: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4469: 4461: 4455: 4451: 4450: 4442: 4434: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4409: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4394: 4386: 4378: 4372: 4368: 4363: 4362: 4353: 4351: 4342: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4327: 4319: 4311: 4305: 4301: 4296: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4251: 4242: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4216: 4210: 4194: 4190: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4171: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4140: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4110: 4102: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4087: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4039: 4033: 4029: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3981: 3977: 3976: 3968: 3966: 3956: 3948: 3942: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3912: 3903: 3894: 3886: 3880: 3876: 3875: 3867: 3851: 3847: 3841: 3832: 3823: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3795: 3785: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3747: 3742: 3736: 3732: 3731: 3723: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3659: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3545:Brown (1958). 3542: 3533: 3527:Fried (1997). 3524: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3483: 3476: 3470: 3461: 3452: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3430: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3405: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3332: 3323: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3292: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3260: 3257:For example, 3254: 3247: 3244:For example, 3241: 3232: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3202:For example, 3199: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3149: 3147: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3116: 3114: 3097: 3093: 3087: 3084:. Macmillan. 3083: 3082: 3074: 3072: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3041: 3039: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3007: 3005: 2988: 2984: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2955: 2951: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2883:Deplatforming 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2865: 2854: 2851: 2845: 2840: 2837: 2826: 2823: 2812: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2786:Thomas Mallon 2783: 2779: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2724: 2719: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2707:John Randolph 2704: 2700: 2696: 2693:; and actors 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2658: 2657:Arthur Miller 2654: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2637: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2611: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2571: 2570:David D. Cole 2567: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2469:Loyalty oaths 2457:Repercussions 2454: 2452: 2448: 2447: 2441: 2439: 2438: 2432: 2430: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2420:Cole v. Young 2416: 2412: 2411: 2405: 2403: 2398: 2396: 2392: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2369: 2367: 2366: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2354:Hollywood Ten 2351: 2350:Dalton Trumbo 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2331: 2321: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2287:Murrow said: 2285: 2280: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2257: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2234: 2232: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2173: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2136: 2134: 2129: 2125: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2107: 2106:Gene Weltfish 2104: 2101: 2097: 2096:Sam Wanamaker 2094: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2085:Hollywood Ten 2082: 2081:Dalton Trumbo 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2016:Robert Serber 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1956:Linus Pauling 1954: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1901:Arthur Miller 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1880: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867:Heinrich Mann 1865: 1863: 1862:Hollywood Ten 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1848:, philosopher 1847: 1844: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1829:Hollywood Ten 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1792:Benjamin Keen 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678:John Garfield 1676: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1623: 1622:Hollywood Ten 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1576:Aaron Copland 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1519: 1518:Hollywood Ten 1515: 1511: 1508: 1505: 1502: 1500:, sociologist 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1486:Nelson Algren 1484: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1475: 1472: 1470: 1462: 1461:Dalton Trumbo 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1439: 1438:homosexuality 1436:), suspected 1435: 1431: 1430:Anthony Blunt 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1386: 1383: 1375: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1351: 1350: 1345:This section 1343: 1334: 1333: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:authoritarian 1271: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1239: 1236: 1231: 1229: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1204:mental health 1201: 1197: 1196:public health 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1153: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1126:Allan Shivers 1123: 1119: 1118:death penalty 1115: 1111: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1065:New York Post 1059: 1057: 1054:and Democrat 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 984: 974: 971: 967: 966:Counterattack 963: 962: 955: 951: 949: 945: 941: 937: 936:Eric Johnston 931: 921: 919: 916:, led to the 915: 909: 907: 906:Fort Monmouth 903: 899: 894: 892: 887: 886:Card catalogs 883: 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 846: 844: 840: 839:Rockwell Kent 836: 832: 827: 825: 821: 818:", cited the 817: 816:Hollywood Ten 813: 809: 804: 801: 797: 790: 775: 773: 769: 759: 757: 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 733:Supreme Court 729: 727: 722: 720: 715: 711: 708: 704: 697: 693: 684: 682: 677: 672: 668: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 645:Hiram Bingham 642: 637: 635: 631: 621: 607: 605: 600: 598: 594: 589: 580: 578: 574: 570: 569: 564: 559: 558: 552: 550: 546: 538: 533: 524: 522: 518: 514: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 484: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438:Igor Gouzenko 436:Although the 434: 432: 429:and later in 428: 424: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 378: 375: 367: 366: 361: 360:Herbert Block 357: 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Beacon. 6886:August 15, 6761:Commentary 6710:081297302X 6684:January 3, 6654:1400050324 6623:The Nation 6597:0151010625 6534:August 31, 6425:1566634202 6230:(2): 166. 6180:, Findlaw. 6134:October 1, 6069:029272442X 5912:0465006787 5869:0820320269 5737:0231108907 5687:"Obituary" 5628:0931340810 5601:3476013812 5409:0525247157 5325:030680798X 5300:0312288565 5248:0717802345 5214:9686932356 5141:0684838486 5069:0520249666 5043:140396145X 4973:"Obituary" 4933:0312294255 4850:1570035741 4432:0300077718 4407:0465003109 4309:0870235559 4267:1560007362 4037:0415943426 3425:required.) 3372:0195043618 3224:0195097017 2941:References 2934:Witch-hunt 2650:concerned. 2647:Irwin Shaw 2604:Ted Morgan 2552:Historian 2284:See It Now 2268:See It Now 2165:affidavits 2071:, diplomat 2028:Irwin Shaw 2022:Artie Shaw 1992:Waldo Salt 1964:, diplomat 1909:, author, 1873:Klaus Mann 1869:, novelist 1854:, director 1786:Danny Kaye 1770:, diplomat 1738:Lena Horne 1651:, composer 1596:, director 1584:, attorney 1578:, composer 1535:David Bohm 1482:, musician 1426:Kim Philby 1394:See also: 1356:improve it 1071:The Nation 981:See also: 924:Blacklists 750:calls the 746:Historian 737:COINTELPRO 595:, and the 465:Alger Hiss 458:Korean War 454:Kuomintang 450:Mao Zedong 344:See also: 323:actionable 283:Korean War 256:signed an 198:, was the 98:Korean War 64:propaganda 14441:Red Scare 14317:Socialism 14297:Mutualism 14217:Anarchism 14098:Malcolm X 14003:John Reed 13973:Phil Ochs 13878:Harry Hay 13360:movements 13337:Smith Act 13305:1937–1957 13300:1919–1937 12930:Wisconsin 12895:Tennessee 12800:Minnesota 12775:Louisiana 12669:The South 12240:Air Force 12115:Education 11977:recession 11933:Las Vegas 11841:Columbine 11798:1991–2008 11726:1980–1991 11627:1964–1980 11538:1945–1964 11492:Dust Bowl 11420:1917–1945 11301:1865–1917 11279:Civil War 11272:Secession 11217:1849–1865 11140:1815–1849 11111:Quasi-War 11088:1789–1815 11008:1776–1789 10961:Sugar Act 10613:Ken Young 10458:Tony Judt 10307:Arms race 10280:Red Scare 10148:NN States 10093:Apartheid 10048:Autocracy 9957:Stalinism 9925:Guevarism 9915:Castroism 9905:Communism 9897:Socialism 9423:Star Wars 9016:Koza riot 8142:Beleaguer 8134:Masterdom 7807:cite book 7405:Doubleday 7215:cite book 6771:April 11, 6167:full text 6003:August 4, 5967:August 7, 4234:0882-228X 3994:879022662 3812:March 16, 3427:; 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