334:
33:
571:, writes that Kartodikromo was "primarily inspired by dreams and ideals", noting that the writer intended to create a community of politically aware Indonesians to work against the colonial government in solidarity and equality. Kartodikromo described his ideal political state as having "
158:; he soon began to write pieces critical against the Dutch colonial government, which led to his arrest. After a period as a correspondent in the Netherlands, Kartodikromo continued his journalism and critique of the government; he also wrote several pieces of fiction. Involved with the
533:. He also writes that, unlike writers published by Balai Pustaka, Kartodikromo was heavily against the "white superiority" which the Dutch impressed upon native Indonesians; this was achieved through showcasing the "depravity of bourgeois morals and the Dutch colonials."
545:, they described him as a "crazy" man who could spark unrest among the native populations. Kartodikromo himself enjoyed baiting the colonial government, reportedly inviting his readers to work together and criticise the Dutch for their "mismanagement and caprice".
308:
they were subjugating. On 26 January 1915, Kartodikromo came under investigation by the
Justice Office of the Dutch East Indies for publishing several further anti-Dutch editorials. The journalist unsuccessfully attempted to raise money to protest this at the
405:), which told of a young Indonesian student who falls in love while studying in the Netherlands despite already having a fiancée in Indonesia. The work, originally published as a serial, was novelised in 1919. Also in 1918 he published a collection of poems,
1014:
304:, Kartodikromo wrote an attack on the Dutch Advisor on Native Affairs R.A. Rinkes; in his editorial, he wrote that the Dutch loved themselves far more than the
317:. He was convicted of revolutionary activity and sentenced to nine months at Mlaten Prison; however, due to public outcry he was released after 100 days. When
333:
1168:
193:
practised in the country. For this vocal criticism, the Dutch government decried him as a "crazy" man who could spark unrest among the native populations.
1049:
1193:
228:. In 1911 he chose to leave the company as he was disgusted by its racist policies, including the use of race as a basis for the amount paid in wages.
522:
was attempting to standardise Malay, Kartodikromo experimented with the language, using words, phrases, and scenes which had never before been used.
1178:
541:
Due to his vocal criticism of the Dutch, the East Indies government banned
Kartodikromo's books several times. In response to his critiques in
224:(noble) family. At the age of fifteen, he took up a job at the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg, the national railway company of the Indies, in
1188:
345:, to go to the Netherlands as a correspondent. In his five months there at the end of 1916 and beginning of 1917, the journalist published
1097:
444:
and became involved with the press there. He was sentenced to two years in a
Batavian prison for another of his writings.
136:, Kartodikromo's first employment was with the national railway. Disgusted by the racism shown there, in 1911 he moved to
1143:
1030:
1198:
1153:
487:
432:, published by the Forestry Union Staff Union Wono Tamtomo. He was imprisoned for six months for one of his writings,
380:). In a conference that year, Kartodikromo stated that there were two kinds of press in Indonesia: the "black press" (
982:
502:
Most of
Kartodikromo's fictional works took place in Bandung or Surabaya. He was an early Indonesian example of the
564:
to have been born from a nationalist understanding, he considered Marco one of the first truly
Indonesian writers.
479:
364:
On 21 February 1918 Kartodikromo was released from prison. He moved to
Semarang and became a commissioner of the
163:
71:
1173:
1057:
1158:
491:
159:
1163:
459:
father, a tool of the Dutch colonial government, and tries to find personal independence. Another novel,
1183:
556:
practised in the country; he also notes that the writer was the first
Indonesian to consciously depict
1148:
270:
255:, an organisation of Muslim merchants, and found employment at the Sarekat Islam-backed weekly
561:
1138:
1133:
529:
writes that
Kartodikromo drew on his experiences while visiting the Netherlands in writing
873:
871:
869:
867:
865:
8:
511:
286:
1105:
862:
506:
movement. Like most nationalist writers at the time, Kartodikromo preferred writing in
337:
Kartodikromo with his wife in 1932, in the internment camp at
Tanamerah (Boven-Digoel).
305:
548:
Siregar described
Kartodikromo as the first Indonesian writer to openly criticise the
1084:
1083:] (in Indonesian). Vol. 1. Jakarta: Akademi Sastera dan Bahasa "Multatuli".
1001:
978:
568:
549:
515:
244:
215:
186:
133:
57:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
518:; however, he did write several pieces in Javanese. While the state-owned publisher
483:
310:
167:
75:
1074:
712:
557:
507:
503:
174:
1127:
607:
526:
519:
397:
365:
252:
182:
178:
142:
1088:
263:. The paper was the mouthpiece of the Native Indonesian Journalists' Group (
1048:
1005:
877:
386:), which struggled against the imperialistic Dutch; and the "white press" (
377:
211:
177:, experimented with new phrasings at a time when the state-owned publisher
53:
1017:[Phew! European Civilization! Marco Kartodikromo's Student Hidjo]
181:
was attempting to standardise the language. According to literary critic
247:. When the paper was closed by the Dutch, in 1912 Kartodikromo went to
1095:
737:
273:
and Darnakoesoemo. That same year, he published the three-volume work
553:
421:
314:
248:
236:
190:
147:
32:
341:
Kartodikromo was soon chosen by Goenawan, chief editor of the daily
441:
294:
225:
1015:"Phew! Europeesche beschaving! Marco Kartodikromo's Student Hidjo"
1056:(in Indonesian). Jakarta: Jakarta City Government. Archived from
358:
232:
220:
137:
124:
369:
162:, after a 1926 communist-led revolt Kartodikromo was exiled to
207:
185:, he was the first Indonesian writer to openly criticise the
129:
49:
852:
850:
848:
846:
361:). Within a month he was imprisoned again for his writing.
353:). After his return to Indonesia, he became an editor for
1100:[Marco Kartodikromo, The Forgotten Journalist].
900:
898:
843:
269:), which Kartodikromo led and had helped establish with
115:(1890 – 18 March 1932), also known by his pen name
977:] (in Indonesian) (3rd ed.). Jakarta: Kompas.
833:
831:
752:
750:
748:
746:
702:
700:
946:
934:
922:
895:
455:), which dealt with a young man who goes against his
420:, in 1919. It was based on the life of the Dutch spy
910:
883:
828:
392:), which worked to subjugate the Indonesian people.
804:
794:
792:
779:
777:
762:
743:
697:
677:
kebedjatan moral bordjuasi dan Belanda kolonisator.
328:
486:, in 1926 for his writings and involvement in the
440:), with the paper. In 1921 Kartodikromo moved to
1125:
816:
789:
774:
572:
878:Jakarta City Government, Mas Marco Kartodikromo
1098:"Marco Kartodikromo, Jurnalis yang Terlupakan"
1000:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gunung Agung.
387:
381:
577:" ("the same standards, the same feelings").
494:. He died there of malaria on 18 March 1932.
1169:Indonesian people who died in prison custody
321:went bankrupt, Kartodipuro then headed the
264:
119:, was an Indonesian journalist and writer.
738:Yuliati 2008, Marco Kartodikromo, Jurnalis
170:. He died in the camp of malaria in 1932.
31:
1194:Boven-Digoel concentration camp detainees
1104:(in Indonesian). Semarang. Archived from
424:. On 15 December 1919, Kartodikromo left
332:
201:
1072:
952:
940:
928:
904:
856:
259:. In 1914 he took lead of the magazine
173:Kartodikromo, who preferred writing in
68:March 18, 1932 (aged 41–42)
1126:
968:
837:
416:Kartodikromo published another novel,
281:); this led to a long polemic between
1179:Prisoners who died in Dutch detention
1012:
916:
889:
810:
768:
756:
706:
991:
822:
798:
783:
560:in his works. As Siregar considered
497:
1189:20th-century Indonesian journalists
1029:(1). Kyoto: 184–210. Archived from
140:and found work as a journalist for
13:
1096:Yuliati, Dewi (10 February 2008).
1013:Maier, Hendrik M. J. (June 1996).
998:Universe of Indonesian Journalists
475:), were published not long after.
357:and based himself in Batavia (now
150:and worked with two publications,
14:
1210:
975:Handbook of Indonesian Literature
669:
656:
146:. The following year he moved to
1081:History of Indonesian Literature
447:In 1924, Kartodikromo published
329:Further career, exile, and death
16:Indonesian journalist and writer
593:; 1914; novel in three volumes)
428:and took a position as head of
372:; he also joined the newspaper
239:, where he found employment at
37:Kartodikromo in the early 1920s
633:Mirror of the Fruit of Royalty
465:Mirror of the Fruit of Royalty
1:
686:
567:Hendrik Maier, a lecturer at
231:Kartodikromo made his way to
971:Buku Pintar Sastra Indonesia
552:and the traditional form of
536:
492:Communist Party of Indonesia
196:
189:and the traditional form of
160:Communist Party of Indonesia
7:
664:superioritet kulitputih ...
510:(the predecessor of modern
478:Kartodikromo was exiled to
347:Boekoe Sebaran Jang Pertama
218:, in 1890 to a low-ranking
10:
1215:
1144:Indonesian revolutionaries
1076:Sedjarah Sastera Indonesia
525:Socialist literary critic
351:The First Publication Book
266:Inlandse Journalisten Bond
1199:Sarekat Islam politicians
1154:People from Blora Regency
603:; 1918; poetry anthology)
550:Dutch colonial government
514:) rather than his native
297:due to perceived racism.
206:Kartodikromo was born in
187:Dutch colonial government
102:
94:
83:
64:
42:
30:
23:
1050:"Mas Marco Kartodikromo"
994:Jagat Wartawan Indonesia
992:I.N., Soebagijo (1981).
969:Eneste, Pamusuk (2001).
649:
580:
1073:Siregar, Bakri (1964).
1054:Encyclopedia of Jakarta
1023:Southeast Asian Studies
623:A Sense of Independence
453:A Sense of Independence
573:
388:
382:
338:
271:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
265:
122:Born to a low-ranking
1174:Indonesian communists
629:Cermin Buah Keroyalan
562:Indonesian literature
461:Cermin Buah Keroyalan
395:In 1918 he published
336:
243:, a newspaper run by
202:Early life and career
1159:Deaths from malaria
1108:on 24 December 2011
645:; 1924; stage play)
574:sama rata sama rasa
467:), and stage play,
251:. There, he joined
78:, Dutch East Indies
1164:Indonesian writers
339:
128:(noble) family in
113:Marco Kartodikromo
98:Journalist, writer
25:Marco Kartodikromo
1184:Indonesian exiles
859:, pp. 25–26.
569:Leiden University
498:Themes and styles
245:Tirto Adhi Soerjo
216:Dutch East Indies
134:Dutch East Indies
110:
109:
103:Years active
90:
58:Dutch East Indies
1206:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1092:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1036:on 11 March 2014
1035:
1020:
1009:
988:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
893:
887:
881:
875:
860:
854:
841:
835:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
787:
781:
772:
766:
760:
754:
741:
735:
710:
704:
680:
673:
667:
660:
597:Sair-sair Rempah
576:
407:Sair-sair Rempah
391:
385:
311:Dutch parliament
268:
88:
84:Other names
35:
21:
20:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1203:
1149:Javanese people
1124:
1123:
1120:
1111:
1109:
1063:
1061:
1060:on 28 June 2014
1039:
1037:
1033:
1018:
985:
959:
951:
947:
939:
935:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
896:
888:
884:
876:
863:
855:
844:
836:
829:
821:
817:
809:
805:
797:
790:
782:
775:
767:
763:
755:
744:
736:
713:
705:
698:
689:
684:
683:
675:Original: "...
674:
670:
662:Original: "...
661:
657:
652:
643:Kromo is Moving
601:Poems on Spices
583:
558:class struggles
543:Doenia Bergerak
539:
500:
473:Kromo is Moving
434:Sjairnja Sentot
411:Poems on Spices
355:Pantjaran Warta
343:Pantjaran Warta
331:
319:Doenia Bergerak
302:Doenia Bergerak
283:Doenia Bergerak
261:Doenia Bergerak
204:
199:
166:prison camp in
156:Doenia Bergerak
79:
69:
60:
47:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1212:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1119:
1118:
1093:
1070:
1046:
1010:
989:
983:
965:
964:
963:
958:
957:
945:
933:
921:
919:, p. 188.
909:
894:
892:, p. 192.
882:
861:
842:
840:, p. 143.
827:
815:
813:, p. 189.
803:
788:
773:
771:, p. 187.
761:
759:, p. 186.
742:
711:
709:, p. 190.
695:
694:
693:
688:
685:
682:
681:
668:
654:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
639:Kromo Bergerak
636:
635:; 1924; novel)
626:
625:; 1924; novel)
616:
615:; 1918; novel)
604:
594:
582:
579:
538:
535:
504:social realist
499:
496:
469:Kromo Bergerak
330:
327:
203:
200:
198:
195:
108:
107:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
85:
81:
80:
70:
66:
62:
61:
48:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1211:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1122:
1107:
1103:
1102:Suara Merdeka
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1071:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
986:
984:9789799251787
980:
976:
972:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:, p. 11.
954:
949:
943:, p. 12.
942:
937:
931:, p. 10.
930:
925:
918:
913:
907:, p. 26.
906:
901:
899:
891:
886:
879:
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
858:
853:
851:
849:
847:
839:
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832:
824:
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780:
778:
770:
765:
758:
753:
751:
749:
747:
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734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
708:
703:
701:
696:
691:
690:
678:
672:
665:
659:
655:
644:
640:
637:
634:
630:
627:
624:
620:
617:
614:
613:Student Green
610:
609:
608:Student Hidjo
605:
602:
598:
595:
592:
588:
585:
584:
578:
575:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
534:
532:
528:
527:Bakri Siregar
523:
521:
520:Balai Pustaka
517:
513:
509:
505:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
476:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
438:Sentot's Poem
435:
431:
430:Soero Tamtomo
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
403:Student Green
400:
399:
398:Student Hidjo
393:
390:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:Sarekat Islam
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
335:
326:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
267:
262:
258:
254:
253:Sarekat Islam
250:
246:
242:
241:Medan Prijaji
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
222:
217:
213:
209:
194:
192:
188:
184:
183:Bakri Siregar
180:
179:Balai Pustaka
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
144:
143:Medan Prijaji
139:
135:
131:
127:
126:
120:
118:
114:
105:
101:
97:
95:Occupation(s)
93:
86:
82:
77:
73:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1121:
1110:. Retrieved
1106:the original
1101:
1080:
1075:
1062:. Retrieved
1058:the original
1053:
1038:. Retrieved
1031:the original
1026:
1022:
997:
993:
974:
970:
962:Bibliography
953:Siregar 1964
948:
941:Siregar 1964
936:
929:Siregar 1964
924:
912:
905:Siregar 1964
885:
857:Siregar 1964
825:, p. 2.
818:
806:
801:, p. 3.
786:, p. 1.
764:
676:
671:
663:
658:
642:
638:
632:
628:
622:
619:Rasa Merdika
618:
612:
606:
600:
596:
590:
586:
566:
547:
542:
540:
531:Studen Hidjo
530:
524:
501:
480:Boven-Digoel
477:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
449:Rasa Merdika
448:
446:
437:
433:
429:
426:Sinar Hindia
425:
417:
415:
410:
406:
402:
396:
394:
378:Sinar Hindia
373:
363:
354:
350:
346:
342:
340:
322:
318:
301:
299:
290:
282:
278:
274:
260:
256:
240:
230:
219:
212:Central Java
205:
172:
164:Boven-Digoel
155:
151:
141:
123:
121:
116:
112:
111:
72:Boven-Digoel
54:Central Java
18:
1139:1932 deaths
1134:1890 births
838:Eneste 2001
490:led by the
488:1926 revolt
374:Sinar Djawa
300:While with
291:Tjoen Tjioe
1128:Categories
917:Maier 1996
890:Maier 1996
811:Maier 1996
769:Maier 1996
757:Maier 1996
707:Maier 1996
687:References
587:Mata Gelap
512:Indonesian
418:Matahariah
389:pers putih
275:Mata Gelap
89:(pen name)
87:Mas Marco
823:I.N. 1981
799:I.N. 1981
784:I.N. 1981
692:Footnotes
591:Dark Eyes
554:feudalism
537:Reception
422:Mata Hari
383:pers item
323:Saro Tomo
315:The Hague
279:Dark Eyes
257:Saro Tomo
249:Surakarta
237:West Java
197:Biography
191:feudalism
152:Saro Tomo
148:Surakarta
117:Mas Marco
106:1911–1926
1112:13 April
1089:63841626
1064:13 April
1040:13 April
516:Javanese
442:Salatiga
295:Surabaya
285:and the
226:Semarang
1006:7654542
457:priyayi
376:(later
359:Jakarta
306:natives
289:-owned
287:Chinese
233:Bandung
221:priyayi
138:Bandung
125:priyayi
1087:
1004:
981:
370:Semaun
1079:[
1034:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
996:[
973:[
650:Notes
581:Works
508:Malay
484:Papua
368:with
208:Blora
175:Malay
168:Papua
154:and
130:Blora
76:Papua
50:Blora
1114:2012
1085:OCLC
1066:2012
1042:2012
1002:OCLC
979:ISBN
65:Died
46:1890
43:Born
413:).
313:in
293:in
1130::
1052:.
1027:34
1025:.
1021:.
897:^
864:^
845:^
830:^
791:^
776:^
745:^
714:^
699:^
482:,
325:.
235:,
214:,
210:,
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1116:.
1091:.
1068:.
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1008:.
987:.
880:.
740:.
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666:"
641:(
631:(
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611:(
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349:(
277:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
