309:
225:
22:
152:
103:
2012:
3336:
787:
191:. Although Dutch political influence severely limited their autonomy throughout the colonial period, the two kingdoms continued to serve as symbols of Javanese courtly culture. In the lowland rural areas of Java, the presence of a centralized indigenous bureaucracy strengthened state control over uncultivated land and helped transform the peasantry from independent smallholders to agricultural laborers.
255:, often a polity with a semi-autonomous history. The position of a bupati was often inherited from father to son, a practice allowed under the 1854 Dutch Constitutions, and families of the bupati often formed a local aristocratic class. The bupati is subordinate to, and usually has a one-to-one correspondence with, the assistant resident ‒ the lowest-ranking official of the Binnenlands Bestuur.
380:
1950s. However, the strategic top echelons were dominated by an elite group of 100,000 Dutch-trained senior officials, which were concentrated in the
Ministry of the Interior. By the 1980s, Indonesia’s civil service expanded to approximately 2 million members, which amounted to 13.9 civil servants per 1,000 of the population, in contrast to the much lower 3.7 per 1,000 in 1950.
379:
The recognition of the
Republic of Indonesia in 1949 by Dutch authorities resulted in the integration of bureaucratic institutions from Dutch-controlled federal states into the new Republic. The number of civil servants in Indonesia thus grew from 115,000 in the late 1920s to 400,000 in the early
603:
The principal religion of the ethnic
Javanese populace in the provinces of Central Java, East Java, and the Special Region of Yogyakarta is Islam, although there are minorities of Roman Catholic Christians, Protestant Christians, Hindus, Buddhists and Confucianists. Within Javanese Islam, Geertz
275:
stature included tax officials, prosecutors, and officials attached to police units. By 1931, Europeans accounted only for 10 percent of the entire state apparatus in the Dutch East Indies, and over 250,000 native officials were on the state payroll. In Java, a class distinction existed between
676:
distinguish themselves from the peasantry and the merchant class by defining their work for the government as alus ("refined"), as opposed to trading, farming, and laboring, which are defined as kasar ("unrefined"). An early 19th-century poem, "Suluk Mas
Nganten," written by Jayadiningrat I, a
330:("Ethical Politics") as an official policy. The Ethical Politics paradigm extended the colonial state control through educational, religious, agricultural, resource extraction, and political surveillance institutions over the native population until
151:
371:. The emergence of other ethnic nationalist groups and Indies-nationalist political parties in Java later eclipsed Javanese nationalism and gave rise to the emergence of a broader, Indonesian-language nationalism throughout the 1920s and 30s.
334:
of 1942. Western-style education became available to the native populace, although only the wealthy could afford tuition at the secondary and tertiary institutions where Dutch was the primary language of instruction. Among the
Javanese,
387:
does not have a formal presence in post-independence
Indonesian law, proximity to the executive branches of the state, which it symbolizes, remained a popular mode of upward socio-political mobility from the 1950s and after. The
362:
figures such as
Soetatmo Soeriekosomo (1888-1924) and Noto Soeroto (1888-1951), who are advocates for ethnic nationalism through the Committee for Javanese Nationalism, as well as advocates of Indies-wide nationalism, such as
127:("the king’s brothers"), nobles, officials, administrators, and chiefs were integrated into a patron-client relationship with the Sultan to preside over the peripheries of the kingdom. The homeland of
778:
has been adopted as a national language, and new styles of
Indonesian and Javanese have emerged as a continuation of the krama and ngoko registers in official publications and popular literature.
624:, and Islamic canon law. In contrast, the abangan tend to be from village peasant backgrounds and absorb both Hindu and Muslim elements, forming a culture of animist and folk traditions. The
308:
762:("informal"). Mastery of krama, a set of registers primarily spoken up the social hierarchy, requires high levels of education. Towards the end of the 19th century, when younger cadres of
734:
women often supplemented their household income by selling homemade textiles and craftswear, although trading in public places is seen as inappropriate for upper- and middle-class
2033:
210:
By 1926, the
Binnenlands Bestuur in the directly ruled areas of Java and Madura consisted of the following offices with territorial responsibilities, in descending order:
2503:
2104:
131:
culture is attributed to
Mataram’s center, namely the Javanese-speaking middle and eastern parts of Java. Although "Javanized" by Mataram’s political expansion, the
2784:
754:
prestige during the Dutch colonial era when the majority of Java’s population was illiterate. The two major levels of discourse in the Javanese language are
224:
21:
2045:
358:
following, the Boedi Oetomo was the first in a series of indigenous political activism in the Dutch East Indies. The Boedi Oetomo gave rise to prominent
628:
stream is the traditional bureaucratic elite and was strongly driven by hierarchical Hindu-Javanese tradition. The santri are sometimes referred to as
528:. These titles were hereditary to some extent; a son would inherit a title one level lower than his parent unless it was already of the lowest rank.
801:
are patrons and practitioners of classical, courtly Javanese art forms, which they regard as alus and refined in contrast to the peasant art forms:
1603:
Hagen, James (1997). "'Read All about It': The Press and the Rise of National Consciousness in Early Twentieth-Century Dutch East Indies Society".
62:
1737:
Schijf, Huibert; The, Bernardine Anne-Mei (1992). "Chinese Doctors in the Dutch East Indies: Social Mobility among an Ethnic Trading Minority".
2431:
1668:
3239:
1948:
331:
3017:
2488:
636:
is closer to the abangan tradition than the santri, because it combines Indic polytheism and Islamic monotheism. Public rituals, such as
3000:
810:; the shadow-play that performs Javanese retellings of the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and the history of pre-colonial Javanese kingdoms
400:
and corporatist values in the Indonesian civil service, especially through the establishment of the Indonesian Civil Servants' Corps (
199:
Outside of the areas ruled directly by Yogyakarta and Surakarta, Dutch colonial authorities established two civil service bodies: the
2973:
2961:
123:("court") culture from which the Sultan emerged as a charismatic figure who ruled over a relatively independent aristocracy. Named
770:
not only as a language used at work when interacting with the Dutch but also at home and among Javanese circles. The colonial era
3292:
2870:
656:, the nine Islamic saints of Java, and are closer to the santri in their religious practices than their hinterland counterparts.
3279:
2441:
3206:
4005:
3314:
2561:
2436:
1776:
Shiraishi, Takashi (1981). "The Disputes between Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo and Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo: Satria vs. Pandita".
3664:
3152:
2421:
1569:"Conservative Corporatist: Nationalist Thoughts of Aristocrats: The ideas of Soetatmo Soeriokoesoemo and Noto Soeroto"
672:
of the Dutch colonial period are white-collar government employees who work as bureaucrats, teachers, and clerks. The
2329:
2072:
1920:
1643:
1516:
Carey, Peter (1997). "Civilization on Loan: The Making of an Upstart Polity: Mataram and Its Successors, 1600-1830".
1467:
3853:
3232:
2819:
1941:
312:
A group portrait of J. Visser and students at the OSVIA, a training school for native government officials in the
2556:
3147:
2794:
1389:
668:
is the class of the landed gentry of towns and urban population centers. Unlike feudal landlords, however, the
620:. Members of the santri stream are more likely to be urban dwellers and tend to be oriented to the mosque, the
1677:
3909:
3876:
3828:
3723:
3201:
3196:
2446:
2038:
1704:
343:
342:
Nationalistic sentiments among Javanese elites who received Dutch education were formative in the era of the
240:
In turn, there were three pangreh praja offices with territorial responsibilities, staffed by the indigenous
1477:
Brenner, Suzanne A. (1991). "Competing Hierarchies: Merchants and the Priyayi Elite in Solo, Central Java".
650:
families on the coastal center and eastern parts of the island, however, emphasize genealogical ties to the
339:
men were the first to be educated at Western-style institutions before entering the colonial civil service.
3286:
3132:
2902:
2661:
2241:
855:
159:, Raden Tumenggung Musono went in gala dress for his installation, accompanied by lower-ranking officials,
90:
to administer the principalities he had conquered. Initially court officials in pre-colonial kingdoms, the
4015:
3357:
3302:
3225:
3127:
2109:
1934:
3706:
2520:
1716:
Schiel, Tilman (1990). "'Petani' and 'Priyayi': The Transformation of Java and the Rise of Despotism".
591:("outer human behavior"). As a feudalistic subculture in Javanese society distinct from the peasantry,
94:
moved into the colonial civil service and then on to administrators of the modern Indonesian Republic.
2919:
4010:
3512:
3426:
3183:
2914:
2774:
2632:
2384:
416:
class used an elaborate title system. Some of the commonly used titles among Javanese nobility were:
3791:
3698:
2907:
2709:
2591:
2581:
2571:
2525:
2451:
2271:
1815:
Suryadinata, Leo (1978). "Indonesian Nationalism and the Pre-War Youth Movement: A Reexamination".
176:
3561:
3555:
3548:
2666:
2612:
2461:
2426:
2416:
2289:
1971:
350:, the first indigenous political society in the Dutch East Indies, was established by a group of
136:
117:, an Islamic polity in south-central Java that reached its peak in the 17th century, developed a
87:
2843:
3805:
2759:
2617:
2576:
2466:
2354:
2206:
2168:
1976:
364:
1417:
Anderson, Benedict; Soejatno (1974). "Revolution and Social Tensions in Surakarta 1945-1950".
3627:
3173:
2789:
2515:
2456:
2231:
880:
389:
685:
as a charismatic power, and not just socio-economic stature, that merchants cannot achieve:
3843:
3297:
2724:
2714:
2498:
2226:
2211:
2050:
326:
184:
354:
doctors and medical students in 1908. Although the group was confined to a Javanese, male
102:
8:
3811:
3757:
3693:
3622:
3584:
2978:
2764:
2719:
2314:
1390:"The Indonesian migrations to Madagascar: Making sense of the multidisciplinary evidence"
885:
818:; the percussion orchestra that accompanies wayang performances or performs independently
775:
3871:
3838:
3716:
3711:
3688:
3533:
3447:
3394:
3274:
3178:
2769:
2689:
2471:
2251:
2183:
2087:
1957:
1892:
1863:
1803:
1764:
1662:
1620:
1504:
1444:
1406:
860:
632:("the white ones") as distinct from the 'red' abangan. In general, the religion of the
180:
118:
53:
730:
families, however, also engage in trading through informal channels. Until the 1980s,
284:"), a group well connected to the aristocratic elite in Surakarta and Yogyakarta, and
3818:
3796:
3786:
3781:
3752:
3747:
3421:
3319:
3105:
2754:
2704:
2699:
2535:
2379:
2334:
2216:
2173:
2141:
2077:
1916:
1639:
1463:
747:
321:
313:
188:
168:
114:
106:
67:
49:
4000:
3863:
3858:
3762:
3682:
3650:
3633:
3617:
3442:
3371:
2837:
2622:
2540:
2510:
2369:
2299:
1884:
1853:
1845:
1824:
1793:
1785:
1754:
1746:
1725:
1699:
1689:
1612:
1580:
1555:
1525:
1494:
1486:
1434:
1426:
850:
143:
retain ethnic, linguistic, and cultural differences from the Mataramese heartland.
132:
3833:
3659:
3611:
3479:
3142:
3137:
3122:
2875:
2749:
2684:
2493:
2344:
2188:
2097:
1633:
1457:
564:
3823:
3741:
3677:
3671:
3567:
3507:
3378:
2940:
2694:
2679:
2364:
2359:
2339:
2309:
2294:
2178:
2151:
2057:
767:
368:
296:
from the peasantry is much greater than that separating the priyagung from the
229:
3573:
1828:
1694:
1585:
1568:
1559:
1529:
1397:
Austronesian diaspora and the ethnogenesis of people in Indonesian Archipelago
3994:
3969:
3578:
3168:
2985:
2934:
2566:
2530:
2256:
2146:
766:
received Dutch-language education, the Javanese "inner elite" began adopting
3964:
3079:
3074:
2627:
2476:
2324:
2304:
2246:
2221:
2131:
2126:
2067:
2062:
865:
552:
347:
832:; rigid forms of poetry that is recited or sung with gamelan accompaniment
595:
culture emphasizes the alus over the kasar, and the batin over the lahir.
86:
or governors, the first of whom were appointed in the 17th century by the
3946:
3901:
3538:
3084:
3005:
2586:
2374:
2261:
2236:
2161:
2156:
2121:
2011:
1678:"Indonesia in the 1950s: Nation, Modernity, and the Post-Colonial State"
3938:
3022:
2951:
2779:
2671:
2411:
2349:
2266:
2136:
2116:
2092:
1896:
1867:
1807:
1768:
1624:
1508:
1448:
791:
652:
536:
26:
1981:
1858:
1836:
Sutherland, Heather (1973). "Notes on Java's Regent Families Part 1".
1798:
1759:
1546:
Evers, Hans-Dieter (1997). "The Bureaucratization of Southeast Asia".
1499:
1439:
251:("Regent"); approximately 70 positions. A bupati is responsible for a
3920:
3324:
3217:
3099:
3036:
3030:
2966:
2865:
2731:
2082:
1926:
1913:
Etat colonial, noblesse et nationalisme à Java. La Tradition parfaite
678:
621:
252:
75:
3463:
1888:
1849:
1789:
1750:
1616:
1490:
1430:
3848:
3366:
3309:
3259:
3248:
3063:
3041:
3012:
2956:
2481:
1729:
875:
824:; dramatizations of wayang stories and myths that are retold orally
774:, therefore, became a largely bilingual class. Since independence,
637:
544:
540:
156:
57:
3975:
3892:
3485:
2946:
2929:
2892:
2887:
2853:
1989:
870:
828:
814:
606:
393:
203:("Interior Administration"), staffed by Dutch officials, and the
30:
786:
3469:
3335:
3046:
2995:
2990:
2924:
2897:
2882:
2858:
2848:
2607:
1999:
806:
612:
401:
140:
640:, or the communal feast, are practiced in abangan peasant and
500:
The order of precedence for male nobility titles is: a simple
449:: additional title, used by nobility who held a Regency office
82:
is a Javanese word originally denoting the descendants of the
3956:
3094:
2829:
2824:
2319:
1408:
Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia
836:
955:
953:
3928:
3456:
3089:
3069:
2814:
71:
1632:
Ibrahim, Ahmad; Siddique, Sharon; Hussain, Yasmin (1985).
187:
became centers of Javanese political power since the 1755
950:
2785:
Fatwa on Religious Pluralism, Liberalism, and Secularism
485:): a title used by unmarried female nobility lower than
271:
Other colonial government employees considered to be of
1631:
1182:
267:("Sub-District Chief"); approximately 1,200 positions.
468:: a title used by married female nobility lower than
508:, and then the higher titles are compound titles of
292:"). Nonetheless, the social distance separating the
207:("Ruler of the Realm"), the indigenous bureaucracy.
1718:
Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia
604:identified three alirans, or cultural streams: the
179:(VOC) and the collapse of Mataram, the Sunanate of
1459:A learner's comprehensive dictionary of Indonesian
1405:
711:Again there is the shame of one who held a wedding
1705:20.500.11755/2fd66373-1f4e-4a35-b415-831be5e36afa
3992:
1416:
1028:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
261:("District Chief"); approximately 400 positions.
1319:
1317:
1315:
1119:
1117:
1115:
904:
902:
900:
2432:Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals
1039:
1037:
551:" (Ra-hadi-an), meaning "Lord" or "Master" in
220:Assistant Resident; approximately 70 positions
109:during Sultan Agung's reign, mid-17th century.
3233:
1942:
1266:
1264:
1203:
1201:
989:
1682:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1573:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1312:
1112:
1078:
1076:
897:
1875:Sutherland, Heather (1975). "The Priyayi".
1814:
1455:
1171:
1106:
1034:
547:, both of which are derived from the word "
457:: a title used by male nobility lower than
374:
228:Raden Tumenggung Danoediningrat, Regent of
3240:
3226:
1949:
1935:
1874:
1835:
1667:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1548:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1536:
1261:
1219:
1198:
1159:
1004:
959:
944:
920:
664:While the abangan are often peasants, the
1857:
1797:
1775:
1758:
1736:
1703:
1693:
1584:
1498:
1438:
1094:
1073:
1055:
1675:
1652:
1638:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
1403:
1359:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1147:
1123:
1043:
1016:
908:
785:
659:
307:
303:
223:
150:
101:
20:
16:Dutch-era class of nobility in Indonesia
1539:Historical Dictionary of Southeast Asia
1476:
1387:
1306:
1294:
1193:
1187:
3993:
3247:
2442:Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council
1956:
1715:
1593:
1371:
1282:
1270:
1255:
1243:
1231:
1207:
1183:Ibrahim, Siddique & Hussain (1985)
983:
932:
720:He yearned to follow the style of the
567:explained two cultural oppositions in
558:
97:
3221:
1930:
1602:
1566:
1545:
1537:Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
1515:
1135:
1082:
1067:
971:
324:government established the so-called
194:
33:can be seen sitting behind the regent
25:Portrait of Banjoemas, the Regent of
2562:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
2437:Indonesia Institute of Islamic Dawah
217:Resident; approximately 20 positions
135:-speaking western part of Java, the
1635:Readings on Islam in Southeast Asia
1412:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
587:("inner human experience") against
441:: used by unmarried female nobility
13:
1905:
1817:Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
504:is the lowest, followed by simple
367:(1886-1943) who later founded the
146:
14:
4027:
2790:Operation Tinombala / Madago Raya
2073:Ismail al-Khalidi al-Minangkabawi
840:; textile-making with wax and dye
746:Literacy and command of multiple
571:worldview that characterizes the
563:American cultural anthropologist
496:: a title for male petty nobility
433:: used by married female nobility
3334:
2010:
1676:Nordholt, Henk Schulte (2011).
1365:
1353:
1341:
1329:
1300:
1288:
1276:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1176:
1165:
1153:
1141:
1129:
1100:
1088:
1061:
1049:
1022:
690:Ana maneh nisthane wong memantu
2795:December 2016 Jakarta protests
2676:Islamic Kingdoms in Indonesia
1541:. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
1395:. In Alexander Adelaar (ed.).
1029:Anderson & Soejatno (1974)
1010:
977:
965:
938:
926:
914:
1:
2447:Indonesian Mujahedeen Council
1456:Atmosumarto, Sutanto (2004).
1380:
344:Indonesian National Awakening
233:
3207:National Heroes of Indonesia
3133:Islamic criminal law in Aceh
2662:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
2489:Muslim Students' Association
2242:Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi
856:Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism
7:
4006:Social history of Indonesia
3128:Islam Yes, Islamic Party No
1404:Anderson, Benedict (1990).
1388:Adelaar, Alexander (2006).
844:
741:
598:
139:, and the nearby island of
10:
4032:
2034:Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari
1598:. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.
750:registers were sources of
714:There was a petty merchant
3955:
3937:
3919:
3900:
3891:
3772:
3734:
3643:
3604:
3597:
3523:
3497:
3435:
3414:
3407:
3387:
3350:
3343:
3332:
3267:
3256:
3192:
3161:
3115:
3055:
2915:Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran
2807:
2775:Maluku sectarian conflict
2740:
2652:
2645:
2633:Mujahidin Indonesia Timur
2600:
2549:
2404:
2397:
2385:Muhammad Luthfi bin Yahya
2280:
2197:
2026:
2019:
2008:
1964:
1911:Bertrand, Romain (2005).
1829:10.1017/S0022463400009553
1712:Schiel (1975), p. 79
1695:10.1163/22134379-90003577
1653:McDonald, Hamish (1980).
1605:Anthropological Quarterly
1594:Geertz, Clifford (1960).
1586:10.1163/22134379-90003551
1560:10.1017/S0010417500014833
1530:10.1017/s0026749x00017121
407:
383:Although the status of a
175:After the arrival of the
137:easternmost parts of Java
2710:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2592:United Development Party
2582:Prosperous Justice Party
2572:National Awakening Party
2452:Indonesian Ulema Council
2105:Abdus Samad al-Palimbani
1220:Cribb & Kahin (2004)
1160:Cribb & Kahin (2004)
891:
375:Post-independence period
177:Dutch East India Company
3258:(*) : state where
2667:Ottoman embassy to Aceh
2462:Islamic Defenders Front
2427:Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia
2417:Campus Dakwah Institute
1056:Schijf & The (1992)
781:
717:Middling was his wealth
425:: used by male nobility
396:encouraged traditional
332:the Japanese occupation
244:, in descending order:
88:Sultan Agung of Mataram
2760:Tanjung Priok massacre
2618:Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid
2577:National Mandate Party
2355:Muhammad Rizieq Shihab
1567:Fakih, Farabi (2012).
794:
365:Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo
317:
237:
172:
110:
56:, as opposed to royal
34:
2467:Liberal Islam Network
2457:Al-Irshad Al-Islamiya
2232:Muhammad Jamil Jambek
2147:Maulana Malik Ibrahim
1657:. Melbourne: Fontana.
881:Djajadiningrat family
790:A batik pattern from
789:
705:kepengin cara priyayi
660:Socio-economic status
311:
304:Nationalist movements
227:
214:Governor; 3 positions
169:Dutch colonial period
154:
105:
24:
3202:History of Indonesia
3197:Mosques in Indonesia
2725:Yogyakarta Sultanate
2290:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2227:Tahir bin Jalaluddin
2212:Abdul Karim Amrullah
1596:The Religion of Java
1518:Modern Asian Studies
695:ana ta sudagar cilik
681:courtier, describes
579:("refined") against
575:as a social status:
185:Sultanate Yogyakarta
3320:South Africa (Zulu)
2765:Talangsari incident
2557:Crescent Star Party
2315:Abdullah Gymnastiar
1915:. Karthala. Paris.
1655:Suharto's Indonesia
886:Han family of Lasem
583:("unrefined"), and
559:Cultural attributes
201:Binnenlands Bestuur
98:Pre-colonial period
29:, with his wife. A
4016:Islam in Indonesia
2770:Insurgency in Aceh
2690:Kingdom of Kaimana
2472:Majelis Rasulullah
2252:Sulaiman ar-Rasuli
2184:Burhanuddin Ulakan
2088:Tuanku Imam Bonjol
2063:Yusuf al-Makassari
1958:Islam in Indonesia
1362:, pp. 144–147
1172:Atmosumarto (2004)
1109:, pp. 104–107
1107:Suryadinata (1978)
974:, pp. 711–713
861:Javanese Kshatriya
795:
644:households alike.
535:is related to the
318:
238:
195:Government offices
173:
111:
54:nobles of the robe
42:(former spelling:
35:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3887:
3886:
3801:Baltic countries
3593:
3592:
3403:
3402:
3215:
3214:
3106:Tafsir Al-Mishbah
2803:
2802:
2755:Petition of Fifty
2715:Ternate Sultanate
2705:Mataram Sultanate
2700:Malacca Sultanate
2641:
2640:
2550:Political parties
2536:Sumatera Thawalib
2526:Rabithah Alawiyah
2393:
2392:
2380:Abdurrahman Wahid
2335:Nurcholish Madjid
2174:Ali Mughayat Syah
2169:Abdurrauf Singkil
2142:Sunan Gunung Jati
2078:Abdullah al-Misri
2046:Nawawi al-Bantani
1031:, pp. 99–100
1005:Sutherland (1973)
960:Sutherland (1975)
945:Sutherland (1975)
921:Sutherland (1975)
748:Javanese language
700:awatara sugihipun
327:Ethische Politiek
322:Dutch East Indies
314:Dutch East Indies
232:, with his wife.
189:Treaty of Giyanti
115:Mataram Sultanate
107:Mataram Sultanate
4023:
4011:Javanese culture
3947:Marshall Islands
3898:
3897:
3773:Central, Eastern
3602:
3601:
3412:
3411:
3348:
3347:
3338:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3219:
3218:
3184:Central Sulawesi
3026:
3009:
2982:
2970:
2879:
2838:Babad Tanah Jawi
2720:Tidore Sultanate
2650:
2649:
2623:Jamaah Islamiyah
2541:Wahdah Islamiyah
2511:Nahdlatul Wathan
2402:
2401:
2370:Said Aqil Siradj
2300:Abu Bakar Bashir
2113:
2054:
2042:
2024:
2023:
2014:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1900:
1871:
1861:
1832:
1811:
1801:
1772:
1762:
1733:
1709:
1707:
1697:
1672:
1666:
1658:
1649:
1628:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1563:
1542:
1533:
1512:
1502:
1473:
1462:. Atma Stanton.
1452:
1442:
1413:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1310:
1309:, pp. 78–79
1304:
1298:
1297:, pp. 67–68
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1121:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1095:Shiraishi (1981)
1092:
1086:
1080:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1058:, pp. 40–47
1053:
1047:
1041:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
962:, pp. 61–62
957:
948:
947:, pp. 57–58
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
851:Hinduism in Java
539:noble titles of
518:Raden Tumenggung
235:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4020:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3980:
3951:
3933:
3915:
3883:
3774:
3768:
3730:
3672:The Netherlands
3639:
3589:
3519:
3493:
3431:
3399:
3383:
3339:
3330:
3263:
3252:
3246:
3216:
3211:
3188:
3157:
3143:Jemaah Tarbiyah
3138:Jama’ah Tabligh
3123:Islam Nusantara
3111:
3051:
3020:
3003:
2976:
2964:
2908:Istiqlal Mosque
2873:
2799:
2750:Jakarta Charter
2742:
2736:
2685:Demak Sultanate
2654:
2637:
2596:
2545:
2494:Nahdlatul Ulama
2389:
2345:Mohammad Natsir
2282:
2276:
2199:
2193:
2189:Usman bin Yahya
2107:
2098:Tuanku Tambusai
2048:
2036:
2015:
2006:
1960:
1955:
1908:
1906:Further reading
1903:
1889:10.2307/3350702
1850:10.2307/3350649
1844:(16): 112–147.
1790:10.2307/3350857
1751:10.2307/3351113
1660:
1659:
1646:
1617:10.2307/3317671
1491:10.2307/3351155
1470:
1431:10.2307/3350775
1392:
1383:
1378:
1370:
1366:
1360:Anderson (1990)
1358:
1354:
1348:Anderson (1990)
1346:
1342:
1336:Anderson (1990)
1334:
1330:
1324:Anderson (1990)
1322:
1313:
1305:
1301:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1277:
1269:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1148:Nordholt (2011)
1146:
1142:
1134:
1130:
1124:Nordholt (2011)
1122:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1081:
1074:
1066:
1062:
1054:
1050:
1044:Anderson (1990)
1042:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1017:Anderson (1990)
1015:
1011:
1003:
990:
982:
978:
970:
966:
958:
951:
943:
939:
931:
927:
919:
915:
911:, pp. 9–10
909:McDonald (1980)
907:
898:
894:
847:
784:
758:("formal") and
744:
662:
601:
565:Clifford Geertz
561:
410:
377:
306:
197:
149:
147:Colonial period
100:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3967:
3965:Samoan Islands
3961:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3724:United Kingdom
3721:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3683:United Kingdom
3680:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3654:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3631:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3608:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3482:
3474:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3416:
3409:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3372:post-Columbian
3369:
3361:
3354:
3352:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3222:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3153:Traditionalist
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3059:
3057:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3027:
3015:
3010:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2971:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2941:Sejarah Banten
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2911:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2817:
2811:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2746:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Gowa Sultanate
2692:
2687:
2682:
2680:Aceh Sultanate
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2360:Quraish Shihab
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:Harun Nasution
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2310:Djohan Effendi
2307:
2302:
2297:
2295:Azyumardi Azra
2292:
2286:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:Hasyim Asy'ari
2214:
2209:
2207:Abdullah Ahmad
2203:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2179:Tuanku Nan Tuo
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2152:Sunan Kalijaga
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2114:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2058:Hamzah Fansuri
2055:
2043:
2030:
2028:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:Old divisions
1984:
1979:
1974:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1872:
1833:
1812:
1784:(32): 93–108.
1773:
1734:
1730:10.1355/sj5-1c
1713:
1710:
1688:(4): 386–404.
1673:
1650:
1644:
1629:
1611:(3): 107–126.
1600:
1591:
1579:(4): 420–444.
1564:
1554:(4): 666–685.
1543:
1534:
1524:(3): 711–734.
1513:
1474:
1468:
1453:
1425:(17): 99–111.
1414:
1401:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1376:
1364:
1352:
1340:
1328:
1311:
1307:Brenner (1991)
1299:
1295:Brenner (1991)
1287:
1275:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1197:
1194:Adelaar (2006)
1186:
1175:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1111:
1099:
1087:
1072:
1060:
1048:
1033:
1021:
1009:
988:
976:
964:
949:
937:
925:
913:
895:
893:
890:
889:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
846:
843:
842:
841:
833:
825:
819:
811:
783:
780:
743:
740:
725:
724:
718:
715:
712:
708:
707:
702:
697:
692:
661:
658:
600:
597:
560:
557:
531:The honorific
522:Raden Ngabehi,
498:
497:
489:
472:
461:
450:
442:
434:
426:
409:
406:
392:government of
376:
373:
369:Indische Party
305:
302:
269:
268:
265:Asisten Wedana
262:
256:
222:
221:
218:
215:
196:
193:
155:The regent of
148:
145:
99:
96:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4028:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3725:
3722:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:Great Britain
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3514:
3513:Indo-European
3511:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3367:pre-Columbian
3365:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3337:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3250:
3243:
3238:
3236:
3231:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2986:Tabligh Akbar
2984:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2877:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2567:Masyumi Party
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Sarekat Islam
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:Civil society
2403:
2400:
2398:Organizations
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:Kartosoewirjo
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2272:Tjokroaminoto
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Mohammad Roem
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:Awakening era
2196:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:Major figures
2018:
2013:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1922:
1921:2-84586-637-2
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1883:(19): 57–77.
1882:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1823:(1): 99–114.
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1745:(53): 33–50.
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1647:
1645:9789971988081
1641:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:(52): 55–83.
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1469:9780954682804
1465:
1461:
1460:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1402:
1399:. Lipi Press.
1398:
1391:
1386:
1385:
1374:, p. 261
1373:
1372:Geertz (1960)
1368:
1361:
1356:
1350:, p. 134
1349:
1344:
1338:, p. 132
1337:
1332:
1326:, p. 131
1325:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1303:
1296:
1291:
1285:, p. 230
1284:
1283:Geertz (1960)
1279:
1273:, p. 229
1272:
1271:Geertz (1960)
1267:
1265:
1258:, p. 235
1257:
1256:Geertz (1960)
1252:
1246:, p. 234
1245:
1244:Geertz (1960)
1240:
1234:, p. 121
1233:
1232:Geertz (1960)
1228:
1222:, p. lxv
1221:
1216:
1210:, p. 232
1209:
1208:Geertz (1960)
1204:
1202:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1162:, p. 357
1161:
1156:
1150:, p. 400
1149:
1144:
1138:, p. 672
1137:
1132:
1126:, p. 399
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1085:, p. 420
1084:
1079:
1077:
1070:, p. 114
1069:
1064:
1057:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1007:, p. 114
1006:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
985:
984:Schiel (1990)
980:
973:
968:
961:
956:
954:
946:
941:
934:
933:Schiel (1990)
929:
922:
917:
910:
905:
903:
901:
896:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
848:
839:
838:
834:
831:
830:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
812:
809:
808:
804:
803:
802:
800:
793:
788:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
723:
719:
716:
713:
710:
709:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
684:
680:
675:
671:
667:
657:
655:
654:
649:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:
609:
608:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
495:
494:
490:
488:
484:
483:
478:
477:
473:
471:
467:
466:
465:Raden Nganten
462:
460:
456:
455:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
439:
435:
432:
431:
427:
424:
423:
419:
418:
417:
415:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
372:
370:
366:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
333:
329:
328:
323:
320:In 1901, the
315:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:priyayi cilik
283:
279:
274:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
246:
245:
243:
231:
226:
219:
216:
213:
212:
211:
208:
206:
205:Pangreh Praja
202:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
144:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:
116:
108:
104:
95:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
52:class of the
51:
47:
46:
41:
40:
32:
28:
23:
19:
3806:Ritterschaft
3804:
3775:and Caucasus
3543:
3484:
3462:
3455:
3262:still exists
3174:West Sumatra
3104:
3080:Kitab kuning
3075:Jamiat Kheir
3062:
3029:
2939:
2836:
2820:Architecture
2743:independence
2655:independence
2628:Laskar Jihad
2477:Muhammadiyah
2422:Hidayatullah
2325:Wahid Hasyim
2305:Idham Chalid
2283:independence
2247:Haji Misbach
2222:Ahmad Dahlan
2132:Sunan Drajat
2127:Sunan Bonang
2068:Malikussaleh
1994:
1912:
1880:
1876:
1841:
1837:
1820:
1816:
1781:
1777:
1742:
1738:
1724:(1): 63–85.
1721:
1717:
1685:
1681:
1654:
1634:
1608:
1604:
1595:
1576:
1572:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1521:
1517:
1482:
1478:
1458:
1422:
1418:
1407:
1396:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1331:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1215:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1155:
1143:
1136:Evers (1997)
1131:
1102:
1097:, p. 93
1090:
1083:Fakih (2012)
1068:Hagen (1997)
1063:
1051:
1046:, p. 97
1024:
1019:, p. 98
1012:
986:, p. 79
979:
972:Carey (1997)
967:
940:
935:, p. 75
928:
923:, p. 58
916:
866:Javanisation
835:
827:
821:
813:
805:
798:
796:
771:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
735:
731:
727:
726:
721:
704:
699:
694:
689:
682:
673:
669:
665:
663:
651:
647:
646:
641:
633:
629:
625:
617:
611:
605:
602:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
562:
553:Old Javanese
548:
532:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
499:
492:
491:
486:
481:
480:
475:
474:
469:
464:
463:
458:
453:
452:
445:
444:
437:
436:
429:
428:
421:
420:
413:
411:
397:
384:
382:
378:
359:
355:
351:
348:Boedi Oetomo
341:
336:
325:
319:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
272:
270:
264:
258:
248:
241:
239:
209:
204:
200:
198:
174:
164:
160:
128:
124:
119:
112:
91:
83:
79:
61:
44:
43:
38:
37:
36:
18:
3902:Australasia
3678:Switzerland
3574:Philippines
3530:Indonesia*
3085:Kota santri
3021: [
3004: [
2977: [
2965: [
2874: [
2613:Darul Islam
2587:Ummah Party
2375:Abdul Somad
2365:Ma'ruf Amin
2262:Rasuna Said
2237:Mas Mansoer
2162:Sunan Murya
2157:Sunan Kudus
2122:Sunan Ampel
2108: [
2049: [
2037: [
2027:Classic era
514:Raden Panji
487:Raden Ajeng
438:Raden Ajeng
404:) in 1971.
3995:Categories
3939:Micronesia
3844:Montenegro
3792:Azerbaijan
3310:Madagascar
2952:Serak Gulo
2930:Sholawatan
2780:Poso riots
2672:Wali Sanga
2412:Alkhairaat
2350:Amien Rais
2267:Agus Salim
2137:Sunan Giri
2117:Wali Sanga
2093:Tuanku Rao
1972:Shia Islam
1859:1813/53565
1799:1813/53733
1760:1813/53976
1500:1813/53965
1440:1813/53581
1381:References
792:Yogyakarta
776:Indonesian
653:wali sanga
616:, and the
526:Raden Aria
482:Raden Roro
476:Raden Rara
446:Tumenggung
48:) was the
27:Purwokerto
3957:Polynesia
3921:Melanesia
3910:Australia
3872:Ruthenian
3812:Lithuania
3524:Southeast
3251:by nation
3179:East Java
3162:By region
3148:Modernist
3116:Movements
3100:Pesantren
3056:Education
3037:Wetu Telu
3031:Tombo Ati
3018:Tirakatan
2893:Manakiban
2732:Padri War
2198:National
1977:Ahmadiyya
1877:Indonesia
1838:Indonesia
1778:Indonesia
1739:Indonesia
1663:cite book
1479:Indonesia
1419:Indonesia
679:Surakarta
541:Randriana
510:Raden Mas
479:(read as
470:Raden Ayu
459:Raden Mas
430:Raden Ayu
422:Raden Mas
390:New Order
278:priyagung
253:kabupaten
181:Surakarta
133:Sundanese
125:para yayi
76:Indonesia
50:Dutch-era
3868:Ukraine
3758:Portugal
3742:Holy See
3703:Ireland
3694:Scotland
3579:Thailand
3568:Cambodia
3556:Malaysia
3544:Javanese
3534:Balinese
3480:Nobility
3448:Mongolia
3344:Americas
3293:Ethiopia
3287:Eswatini
3260:monarchy
3249:Nobility
3064:Al-Munir
3042:Yaqowiyu
3013:Tausiyah
3001:Takbiran
2996:Tahlilan
2957:Slametan
2844:Costumes
2499:GP Ansor
2482:Aisyiyah
1965:Branches
876:Slametan
845:See also
742:Language
638:slametan
599:Religion
549:Rahadyan
545:Andriana
537:Malagasy
288:("lower
280:("upper
157:Surabaya
68:Javanese
58:nobility
31:retainer
4001:Priyayi
3976:Hawai‘i
3893:Oceania
3877:Galicia
3854:Romania
3839:Hungary
3834:Germany
3829:Georgia
3824:Bohemia
3819:Croatia
3797:Austria
3787:Armenia
3782:Albania
3712:Ireland
3689:England
3660:Kingdom
3656:France
3651:Belgium
3623:Iceland
3618:Finland
3612:Denmark
3585:Vietnam
3539:Chinese
3508:Princes
3486:Yangban
3452:Japan*
3422:Lebanon
3363:Mexico
3325:Morocco
3315:Somalia
3298:Nigeria
3280:Mamluks
3047:Yasinan
2974:Suronan
2947:Sekaten
2920:Qasidah
2903:Mosques
2888:Lebaran
2854:Songkok
2808:Culture
2646:History
2601:Militia
1995:Priyayi
1990:Abangan
1982:Kejawèn
1897:3350702
1868:3350649
1808:3350857
1769:3351113
1625:3317671
1509:3351155
1449:3350775
871:Kejawen
829:tembang
815:gamelan
799:priyayi
772:priyayi
764:priyayi
752:priyayi
738:women.
736:priyayi
732:priyayi
728:Priyayi
722:priyayi
683:priyayi
674:priyayi
670:priyayi
666:priyayi
648:Priyayi
642:priyayi
634:priyayi
630:Putihan
626:priyayi
618:priyayi
607:abangan
593:priyayi
573:priyayi
569:priyayi
414:priyayi
398:priyayi
394:Suharto
385:priyayi
360:priyayi
356:priyayi
352:priyayi
337:priyayi
300:cilik.
298:priyayi
294:priyayi
290:priyayi
282:priyayi
273:priyayi
242:priyayi
129:priyayi
92:priyayi
84:adipati
80:Priyayi
63:ningrat
45:Prijaji
39:Priyayi
3864:Serbia
3859:Russia
3849:Poland
3717:Norman
3707:Gaelic
3665:Empire
3634:Sweden
3628:Norway
3598:Europe
3562:Brunei
3504:India
3476:Korea
3464:Daimyō
3427:Turkey
3395:Brazil
3358:Canada
3303:Rulers
3268:Africa
2991:Tabuik
2962:Suroan
2925:Rebana
2898:Maulid
2883:Kauman
2866:Hadroh
2859:Sarong
2849:Kupiah
2608:Banser
2516:PERSIS
2504:JATMAN
2000:Santri
1919:
1895:
1866:
1806:
1767:
1642:
1623:
1507:
1466:
1447:
807:wayang
622:Qur'an
613:santri
610:, the
408:Titles
402:KORPRI
346:. The
259:Wedana
249:Bupati
230:Kediri
165:wedana
161:patih,
141:Madura
120:kraton
70:), in
3970:Tonga
3763:Spain
3753:Malta
3748:Italy
3735:South
3605:North
3549:Malay
3498:South
3470:Meiji
3443:China
3388:South
3351:North
3275:Egypt
3095:LIPIA
3025:]
3008:]
2981:]
2969:]
2935:Saman
2878:]
2871:Khaul
2830:Tajug
2825:Bedug
2741:Post-
2521:PERTI
2320:Hamka
2281:Post-
2112:]
2083:Padri
2053:]
2041:]
1893:JSTOR
1864:JSTOR
1804:JSTOR
1765:JSTOR
1621:JSTOR
1505:JSTOR
1445:JSTOR
1393:(PDF)
892:Notes
837:batik
822:lakon
768:Dutch
760:ngoko
756:krama
589:lahir
585:batin
581:kasar
533:Raden
506:Raden
454:Raden
236:1920.
3929:Fiji
3644:West
3457:Kuge
3436:East
3415:West
3408:Asia
3379:Cuba
3169:Aceh
3090:Kyai
3070:Iqro
2815:Adat
2653:Pre-
1917:ISBN
1669:link
1640:ISBN
1464:ISBN
797:The
782:Arts
577:alus
524:and
412:The
183:and
163:and
113:The
72:Java
1885:doi
1854:hdl
1846:doi
1825:doi
1794:hdl
1786:doi
1755:hdl
1747:doi
1726:doi
1700:hdl
1690:doi
1686:167
1613:doi
1581:doi
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