166:. By this authority, and in this way, he was declared guilty of espionage and sentenced to banishment from all Polish lands ("on pain of death") in January 1864, at the age of 38. Kaczkowski complied and left Polish territory within four days, as commanded by the writ of the sentence, but he never ceased to maintain his innocence, vigorously denying the charges levelled against him even in print, that the degree of harm caused by defamation was "exponentially proportional to the degree of fame originally enjoyed by the victim". Indeed, the verdict against him was itself very promptly rescinded on appeal by the highest organs of the (underground) national government in Warsaw, and although a review of the case never took place, he lived out his days, chiefly in Paris, a man exonerated
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degrading a downfall of a national celebrity can only be announced to the Nation, and revealed before Europe, as a matter of unavoidable necessity . For this reason also, those who had dealings with the accused, or who initiated him in secret matters, deserve a severe censure, as all have been very well acquainted with the immoral life of the subject, it following as a matter of course that wherever domestic virtue is lacking public virtue will be found wanting as well."
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whose life he depicted having been a merit noticed and praised by informed readers, one that made him sensationally sought-after as a publicist at an early age and nationally famous as the author of some fifty books before he reached the age of 32. Kaczkowski was the editor-in-chief of a Lwów daily,
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argued about
Kaczkowski as follows: "The accused is a literary luminary of the nation, and for this reason alone it would behoove us to spare him, to the extent possible, of course only with respect to the promulgation of the verdict concerning the guilt and the nature of the sentence. Such
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A month or so before he died in 1896, Kaczkowski made a solemn declaration to the effect that he had not a drop of "fraternal blood" on his hands, not a single "fraternal teardrop" of sorrow weighing on his conscience, and not a penny "dishonestly earned" in his pocket. Krechowiecki
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when the secret archives of the state by then no longer in existence were finally opened to researchers, his role as a secret agent for the
Austrians was indeed unequivocally demonstrated by the documents in his dossier examined by
413:("Zygmunt Kaczkowski in the Light of Truth (1863–1871): From the Secret Archives of the former Austrian Ministry of Police"), Lwów, H. Altenberg, 1920. OCLC 27744976. The 148-page book contains 66 pages of documentation in German.
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there were inscribed, in Polish and in French, the words: "A combattu toute sa vie par la plume pour la cause de sa Patrie" (All his life fought with his pen for his
Fatherland). However, after the collapse of the
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There is a consensus of opinion that this accomplished writer is today a forgotten figure of Polish literature, virtually erased from national consciousness (one of the "absent greats"—
146:, without the first name being indicated) in the context of certain payments to be made to a person of that name. Although ready to defend himself, Kaczkowski was put on trial
33:. There is a consensus that this accomplished writer is today a forgotten figure of Polish literature, virtually erased from national consciousness (one of the "absent greats"—
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in Latin, his first literary work, and when about 20 wrote a drama in five acts. Kaczkowski's remarkable faithfulness to the regional, detailed, ungeneralised realities of the
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424:"Adam Danek, "Sąd nad agentem" (Sitting in Judgement on the Agent), on the Organizacja Monarchistów Polskich (Organisation of Polish Monarchists) website"
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29:(1825–1896) was a Polish writer, independence activist, and an Austrian spy. He was convicted in 1864 of espionage by an underground court in the
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of Poland—his judges unwilling to confront him face to face and thereby to reveal their identities—in seeming violation of the principle
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He has been described as one of the "absent greats" of Polish literature, an able writer across several genres, including the
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77:("Olbracht's Knights"; Paris, 1889), a historical novel in three volumes written, it is said, in response to the famous
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was likely written when
Kaczkowski was in his twenties. In his early teens he penned a dissertation on
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Zygmunt
Kaczkowski w świetle prawdy (1863–1871): z tajnych aktów b. austryackiego Ministerstwa Policyi
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a town in which he had acquired a reputation for the number of mistresses he had.
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Zygmunt
Kaczkowski i jego czasy: na podstawie źródeł i materyałów rękopiśmiennych
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After his death, on his tombstone at the
Champeaux cemetery in
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290:. Warszawa: Kasa im. Józefa Mianowskiego. 1880. p. 150.
205:), on account of the non-literary aspects of his biography.
60:(now in Ukraine) to Ignacy Kaczkowski and Franciszka née
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by the provincial Lwów organs of the insurrectionist
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Polish writer, independence activist and
Austrian spy
73:. One of the most important works of Kaczkowski was
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280:Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland
223:Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland
107:working for years on end in the 1860s for the
370:Rewolucyjne sądy i wyroki: rzecz osobista...
122:sent from Lwów to the central government in
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275:Bereźnica, 1.) B. wyżna
128:Count Mensdorff-Pouilly
49:Kaczkowski was born in
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308:Krechowiecki 138, 439.
103:Kaczkowski was also a
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335:Krechowiecki 133–134.
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368:Zygmunt Kaczkowski,
317:Krechowiecki 17, 28.
480:Polish male writers
448:Adam Krechowiecki,
400:Eugeniusz Barwiński
381:Krechowiecki 289ff.
299:Krechowiecki 415ff.
230:as his birthplace.
189:Eugeniusz Barwiński
159:audi alteram partem
113:Partitioning Powers
87:Olbrachtowi rycerze
75:Olbrachtowi rycerze
184:interbellum period
140:Polish underground
83:Henryk Sienkiewicz
27:Zygmunt Kaczkowski
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390:Krechowiecki 485.
251:Adam Krechowiecki
180:Habsburg monarchy
70:gawęda szlachecka
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475:1896 deaths
470:1825 births
403: [
284:(in Polish)
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192: [
175:Montmorency
149:in absentia
54: [
464:Categories
443:Literature
238:References
168:by default
117:encrypted
62:Niklewicz
41:Biography
96:szlachta
345:484–85.
136:Galicia
132:steward
79:Trilogy
264:, 1918
226:gives
124:Vienna
91:Cicero
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209:Notes
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454:Lwów
432:2011
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162:of
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