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The remains of the ziggurat consist of a three-layered solid mass of mud brick faced with burnt bricks set in bitumen. The lowest layer corresponds to the original construction of Ur-Nammu, while the two upper layers are part of the Neo-Babylonian restorations. The façade of the lowest level and the
537:
367:
measured 64 m (210 ft) in length, 45 m (148 ft) in width and over 30 m (98 ft) in height. The height is speculative, as only the foundations of the
Sumerian ziggurat have survived.
413:
in the 6th century BC, after "finding little left but the last stage and nothing to guide him as to the monument's original appearance", had it restored in seven stages rather than three.
1103:
1011:"Stock Photo - Mar 01, 2008 - Tallil, Iraq - Curator DIEF MOHSSEIN NAIIF AL-GIZZY shows one of the royal tombs at the Sumerian ruins next to the Ziggurat of Ur. Al-Gizzy is the third"
460:
in 1991 by small arms fire, and the structure was shaken by explosions. Four bomb craters can be seen nearby, and the walls of the ziggurat are marred by over 400 bullet holes.
478:
389:, who, in order to win the allegiance of cities, proclaimed himself a god. During his 48-year reign, the city of Ur grew to be the capital of a state controlling much of
307:
in the 1980s, they were encased by a partial reconstruction of the façade and the monumental staircase. The
Ziggurat of Ur is the best-preserved of those known from
1086:
947:
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44:
Partially reconstructed facade and the access staircase of the ziggurat. The actual remains of the Neo-Babylonian structure can be seen at the top.
331:
1062:
122:
371:
The ziggurat was a piece in a temple complex that served as an administrative center for the city, and which was a shrine of the
445:
by appointment of the
University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania and the British Museum in the period of 1922 to 1934.
315:). It is one of three well-preserved structures of the Neo-Sumerian city of Ur, along with the Royal Mausolea and the Palace of
1108:
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994:
957:
800:
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U.S. Soldiers from the 17th Fires
Brigade make their way up the reconstructed stairs of the Ziggurat of Ur, 2010.
467:
422:
55:
751:
429:(mistakenly credited as "J. E. Taylor") in the 1850s, leading to the identification of the site as Ur. After
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816:
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820:
528:
410:
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1047:
Ur of the
Chaldees: Revised and Updated Edition of Sir Leonard Woolley's Excavations at Ur
693:
8:
1081:
792:
666:
564:
360:
277:
1113:
877:
869:
723:
Die Tempel und
Heiligtümer im Alten Mesopotamien. Typologie, Morphologie und Geschichte
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990:
881:
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796:
765:
761:
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920:"Lost cities #1: Babylon – how war almost erased 'mankind's greatest heritage site'"
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The construction of the ziggurat was finished in the 21st century BC by King
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288:(21st century BC) but had crumbled to ruins by the 6th century BC of the
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873:
826:
727:
510:
402:
293:
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261:"Etemenniguru", meaning "temple whose foundation creates aura") is a
39:
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788:
International
Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa
662:
Three Šulgi hymns: Sumerian royal hymns glorifying King Šulgi of Ur
457:
348:
344:
316:
265:
196:
554:
475:
501:
335:
Drawing of the
Ziggurat of Ur, Iraq, by Marjorie V. Duffell for
386:
835:. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 80–81.
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in 1850. The first excavations at the site were conducted by
492:
904:. Ur Excavations. Vol. 5. Trustees of the Two Museums.
281:
100:
1088:
Archaeology of ancient Iraq with a section on the ziggurat
636:
606:
1104:
Buildings and structures completed in the 21st century BC
441:. The site was extensively excavated in the 1920s by Sir
299:
Its remains were excavated in the 1920s and 1930s by Sir
815:
785:
Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Rober M.; La Boda, Sharon (1994).
379:
269:
165:
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monumental staircase were rebuilt under the orders of
250:
750:
688:
686:
474:As of 2008, the site was under the supervision of
846:Sollberger, E. (1972). "Mr. Taylor in Chaldaea".
784:
421:The remains of the ziggurat were rediscovered by
1095:
754:; Kleiner, Fred S.; Mamiya, Christin J. (2005).
683:
1082:A brief history of the Sumerian Ziggurat at Ur
416:
253:
28:
629:
627:
625:
396:
18:Early Bronze Age ziggurat in present-day Iraq
1045:Woolley, C. Leonard and Moorey, P. R. S.,
433:, preliminary excavations were performed by
565:Abraham and the temple in Islamic tradition
845:
622:
470:'s sketch of his discovery of the ziggurat
38:
633:
603:
456:The rebuilt ziggurat was damaged in the
945:
719:
462:
330:
914:
894:
355:in approximately the 21st century BCE (
1096:
982:Iraq: Its History, People and Politics
948:"Iraq War Threatens Ancient Treasures"
311:, besides the ziggurat of Dur Untash (
62:
978:
658:
292:period, when it was restored by King
284:. The structure was built during the
326:
13:
1076:Ur (modern name: Tell el-Muqayyar)
1049:, Cornell University Press (1982).
1039:
14:
1135:
1053:
979:Inati, Shams Constantine (2003).
946:Handwerk, Brian (19 March 2003).
901:The Ziggurat and its Surroundings
206:mud brick with burnt brick facing
832:Dictionary of National Biography
536:
527:
518:
509:
500:
491:
351:, who dedicated it in honour of
61:
54:
1003:
972:
939:
908:
888:
822:"Loftus, William Kennett"
839:
809:
778:
757:Gardner's Art Through the Ages
744:
713:
652:
597:
1:
1109:Sumerian art and architecture
590:
222:
215:
479:Dief Mohssein Naiif al-Gizzy
254:
29:
7:
858:British Institute at Ankara
638:. Amber Books. p. 11.
634:Mattinson, Lindsay (2019).
608:. Amber Books. p. 11.
604:Mattinson, Lindsay (2019).
575:Architecture of Mesopotamia
548:
417:Excavation and preservation
10:
1140:
484:
435:Reginald Campbell Thompson
397:Neo-Babylonian restoration
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202:
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161:
153:
116:
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91:
83:
49:
37:
26:
953:National Geographic News
720:Heinrich, Ernst (1982).
570:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum
268:in what was the city of
1065:27 October 2014 at the
817:Boulger, George Simonds
726:. Vol. 1. Berlin:
471:
378:, the patron deity of
340:
659:Klein, Jacob (1981).
466:
411:Neo-Babylonian Empire
334:
138:30.96278°N 46.10306°E
84:Alternative name
793:Taylor & Francis
694:"The Ziggurat of Ur"
669:Press. p. 162.
585:Ziggurat of Aqar Quf
87:Great Ziggurat of Ur
896:Woolley, C. Leonard
667:Bar-Ilan University
361:Third Dynasty of Ur
226: 2030–1980 BC
219: 2050–2030 BC
134: /
23:
1069:, Smarthistory at
580:Ur of the Chaldees
472:
427:John George Taylor
347:was built by King
341:
143:30.96278; 46.10306
95:Tell el-Muqayyar,
21:
918:(8 August 2016).
849:Anatolian Studies
762:Thomson Wadsworth
676:978-965-226-018-5
645:978-1-78274-748-2
615:978-1-78274-748-2
560:Nasiriyah Airport
327:Sumerian ziggurat
276:, in present-day
231:
230:
75:Shown within Iraq
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1001:
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960:on 24 March 2003
956:. Archived from
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764:. p. 1150.
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357:short chronology
286:Early Bronze Age
278:Dhi Qar Province
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97:Dhi Qar Province
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1078:at Open Context
1067:Wayback Machine
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1040:Further reading
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866:10.2307/3642557
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795:. p. 719.
791:. Vol. 4.
783:
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730:. p. 341.
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363:. The massive
337:Leonard Woolley
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301:Leonard Woolley
225:
221:, completed in
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1060:Ziggurat of Ur
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1054:External links
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1051:
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1023:. 1 March 2008
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989:. p. 31.
987:Humanity Books
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451:Saddam Hussein
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305:Saddam Hussein
290:Neo-Babylonian
258:-temen-ní-gùru
239:Great Ziggurat
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1025:. Retrieved
1014:
1005:
985:. New York:
981:
974:
962:. Retrieved
958:the original
951:
941:
929:. Retrieved
925:The Guardian
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703:. Retrieved
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365:step pyramid
342:
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263:Neo-Sumerian
242:
238:
234:
232:
162:Part of
30:Etemenniguru
15:
1027:24 November
931:24 November
860:: 129–139.
827:Lee, Sidney
705:24 November
431:World War I
391:Mesopotamia
309:Mesopotamia
214:started in
141: /
117:Coordinates
111:Mesopotamia
1098:Categories
1021:ZUMA Press
728:de Gruyter
591:References
439:Henry Hall
126:30°57′46″N
1114:Ziggurats
898:(1972) .
882:131633828
407:last king
403:Nabonidus
353:Nanna/Sîn
294:Nabonidus
274:Nasiriyah
183:over 30 m
129:46°6′11″E
1063:Archived
819:(1893).
549:See also
458:Gulf War
373:moon god
349:Ur-Nammu
345:ziggurat
321:E-hursag
317:Ur-Nammu
303:. Under
266:ziggurat
251:𒂍𒋼𒅎𒅍
247:Sumerian
235:Ziggurat
203:Material
197:Ur-Nammu
92:Location
964:25 June
874:3642557
829:(ed.).
555:Abraham
485:Gallery
476:curator
409:of the
211:Founded
193:Builder
188:History
993:
880:
872:
799:
768:
734:
673:
642:
612:
405:, the
387:Shulgi
339:, 1937
180:Height
175:2880 m
157:Temple
107:Region
1016:Alamy
878:S2CID
870:JSTOR
825:. In
401:King
376:Nanna
319:(the
272:near
243:of Ur
1029:2017
991:ISBN
966:2023
933:2017
797:ISBN
766:ISBN
732:ISBN
707:2017
671:ISBN
640:ISBN
610:ISBN
437:and
343:The
282:Iraq
237:(or
233:The
172:Area
154:Type
101:Iraq
862:doi
323:).
1119:Ur
1100::
1019:.
1013:.
950:.
922:.
876:.
868:.
856:.
854:22
852:.
760:.
696:.
685:^
665:.
624:^
481:.
453:.
393:.
382:.
380:Ur
296:.
280:,
270:Ur
249::
241:)
223:c.
216:c.
166:Ur
99:,
1031:.
999:.
968:.
935:.
884:.
864::
805:.
774:.
740:.
709:.
679:.
648:.
618:.
256:é
245:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
