Zeppelin - Knowledge

1195: 1455: 336: 1970: 1576: 474: 1588: 1315: 40: 929:, and the majority of airships manufactured were used by the Navy. Patrolling had priority over any other airship activity. During the war almost 1,000 missions were flown over the North Sea alone, compared with about 50 strategic bombing raids. The German Navy had some 15 Zeppelins in commission by the end of 1915 and was able to have two or more patrolling continuously at any one time. However, their operations were limited by weather conditions. On 16 February, L 3 and L 4 were lost owing to a combination of engine failure and high winds, L 3 crashing on the Danish island of 1471: 1395:, L 31, took place. The 10-Zeppelin raid achieved very little; four turned back early and the rest wandered over a fog-covered landscape before giving up. Adverse weather dispersed raids on 30–31 July and 2–3 August, and on 8–9 August nine airships attacked Hull with little effect. On 24–25 August 12 Navy Zeppelins were launched: eight turned back without attacking and only Heinrich Mathy's L 31 reached London; flying above low clouds, 36 bombs were dropped in 10 minutes on south east London. Nine people were killed, 40 injured and £130,203 of damage was caused. 205: 1920: 1005: 979:

Galpin and Leckie intercepted and attacked L 46. The Germans had believed that the previous unsuccessful attacks had been made by an aircraft operating from one of the Royal Navy's seaplane carriers; now realising that there was a new threat, Strasser ordered airships patrolling in the Terschilling area to maintain an altitude of at least 4,000 m (13,000 ft), considerably reducing their effectiveness. On 21 August, L 23, patrolling off the Danish coast, was spotted by the British 3rd Light Cruiser squadron which was in the area.

695: 2059: 790:. The French also maintained a continuous patrol of two fighters over Paris at an altitude from which they could promptly attack arriving zeppelins avoiding the delay required to reach the zeppelin altitude. Two further missions were flown against Paris in January 1916: on 29 January LZ 79 killed 23 and injured another 30 but was so severely damaged by anti-aircraft fire that it crashed during the return journey. A second mission by LZ 77 the following night bombed the suburbs of Asnières and Versailles, with little effect. 382:("Steerable aircraft with several carrier bodies arranged one behind another"), an airship consisting of flexibly articulated rigid sections. The front section, containing the crew and engines, was 117.35 m (385.0 ft) long with a gas capacity of 9,514 m (336,000 cu ft). The middle section was 16 metres (52 feet 6 inches) long with an intended useful load of 599 kg (1,321 lb) and the rear section 39.93 m (131.0 ft) long with an intended load of 1,996 kg (4,400 lb). 85: 1326: 1447: 589: 518: 1851: 830: 545: 908: 2131: 398: 2514: 1751: 1338: 2225: 2024: 703: 674:(L 2) caught fire during its acceptance trials, killing the entire crew. These accidents deprived the Navy of most of its experienced personnel: the head of the Admiralty Air Department was killed in the L 1 and his successor died in the L 2. The Navy was left with three partially trained crews. The next Navy zeppelin, the M class L 3, did not enter service until May 1914: in the meantime, 778:: SL 2 was damaged by artillery fire while crossing the front and turned back but the two Zeppelins reached Paris and dropped 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) of bombs, killing only one and wounding eight. On the return journey Z X was damaged by anti-aircraft fire and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing. Three weeks later LZ 35 suffered a similar fate after bombing 1986:, the Zeppelin company had reasserted its lead in rigid airship construction, but it was not yet fully back in business. In 1926 restrictions on airship construction were relaxed, but acquiring the necessary funds for the next project proved a problem in the difficult economic situation of post–World War I Germany, and it took Eckener two years of lobbying and publicity to secure the realization of 1600:

basically a modification of the R-class, sacrificing strength and power for improved altitude. The surviving R-class Zeppelins were adapted by removing one of the engines. The improved safety was offset by the extra strain on the airship crews caused by altitude sickness and exposure to extreme cold and operating difficulties caused by cold and unpredictable high winds encountered at altitude.

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reconnaissance missions. Bombing missions, especially those targeting London, captured the German public's imagination, but had little significant material success, although the Zeppelin raids, together with the later bombing raids carried out by aeroplanes, did cause the diversion of men and equipment from the Western Front and fear of the raids had some effect on industrial production.

642: 876:, was then modified for the mission: it set off from Yambol on 21 November 1917 and nearly reached its destination, but was ordered to return by radio. Its journey covered 6,400 km (4,000 mi) and lasted 95 hours. It was then used for reconnaissance and bombing missions in the eastern Mediterranean. It flew one bombing mission against 948:'s radio signal announcing that he was engaged with the British battle cruiser squadron. Heading towards the German fleet's position, the Zeppelin was forced to climb above the cloud cover by fire from the British fleet: its commander then decided that it was his duty to cover the retreating German fleet rather than observe British movements. 2182:, the father of the post-war Zeppelin renaissance, was an outspoken anti-Nazi: complaints about the use of Zeppelins for propaganda purposes in 1936 led Goebbels to declare "Dr. Eckener has placed himself outside the pale of society. Henceforth his name is not to be mentioned in the newspapers and his photograph is not to be published". 1803:"On the coming into force of the present Treaty, all military and naval aeronautical material ... must be delivered to the Governments of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers ... In particular, this material will include all items under the following heads which are or have been in use or were designed for warlike purposes: 1495:. After receiving heavy gunfire and encountering a multitude of anti-aircraft search lights over London, Peterson decided to head up the Essex coast from Tilbury and abort the mission. Water ballast was dropped to gain altitude and L 32 climbed to 13,000 feet. Shortly afterwards at 12:45 L 32 was spotted by 2nd Lieutenant 1735:

610 m (2,000 ft) to the maximum ceiling, around 9 km/h (5.6 mph) to the top speed, and greatly increased crew comfort and hence endurance. Twenty-two P-class airships were built; the first, LZ 38, was delivered to the Army on 3 April 1915. The P class was followed by a lengthened version, the Q class.

1307:(RFC), with the Navy engaging enemy airships approaching the coast while the RFC took responsibility once the enemy had crossed the coastline. Initially the War Office had believed that the Zeppelins used a layer of inert gas to protect themselves from incendiary bullets, and favoured the use of bombs or devices like the 1230:. The Zeppelin was the target of concentrated anti-aircraft fire, but no hits were scored and the falling shrapnel caused both damage and alarm on the ground. The raid killed 22 people and injured 87. The monetary cost of the damage was over one sixth of the total damage costs inflicted by bombing raids during the war. 394:. Berg was under contract not to supply aluminium to any other airship manufacturer, and subsequently made a payment to Schwarz's widow as compensation for breaking this agreement. Schwarz's design differed fundamentally from Zeppelin's, crucially lacking the use of separate gasbags inside a rigid envelope. 1836:

A total of 84 Zeppelins were built during the war. Over 60 were lost, roughly evenly divided between accident and enemy action. 51 raids had been made on England alone, in which 5,806 bombs were dropped, killing 557 people and injuring 1,358 while causing damage estimated at £1.5 million. It has been

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On 16–17 June, another raid was attempted. Six Zeppelins were to take part, but two were kept in their shed by high winds and another two were forced to return by engine failure. L 42 bombed Ramsgate, hitting a munitions store. The month-old L 48, the first U class Zeppelin, was forced

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on 16–17 May, before returning to bomb Southend on 26–27 May. These four raids killed six people and injured six, causing property damage estimated at £16,898. Twice Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) aircraft tried to intercept LZ 38 but on both occasions it was either able to outclimb the aircraft

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on 7 January 1915, although he excluded London as a target and further demanded that no attacks be made on historic buildings. The raids were intended to target only military sites on the east coast and around the Thames estuary, but bombing accuracy was poor owing to the height at which the airships

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machine guns during 1916. The British had been concerned over the threat posed by Zeppelins since 1909, and attacked the Zeppelin bases early in the war. LZ 25 was destroyed in its hangar at Düsseldorf on 8 October 1914 by bombs dropped by Flt Lt Reginald Marix, RNAS, and the sheds at Cologne as

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several important changes had made traveling much more comfortable: the passenger space had been relocated to the interior of the framework, passenger rooms were insulated from the exterior by the dining area, and forced-warm air could be circulated from the water that cooled the forward engines. The

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company. While their dirigibles were never as successful, Professor Schütte's more scientific approach to airship design led to important innovations including the streamlined hull shape, the simpler cruciform fins (replacing the more complicated box-like arrangements of older Zeppelins), individual

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The next raid came on 1 October 1916. Eleven Zeppelins were launched at targets in the Midlands and at London. Only L 31, commanded by the experienced Heinrich Mathy making his 15th raid, reached London. As the airship neared Cheshunt at about 23:20 it was picked up by searchlights and attacked

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incendiary rounds. L 32, according to witness accounts, violently turned and lost altitude, burning from both ends and along its back. The airship narrowly missed Billericay High Street as it passed over, one witness saying the windows to her home rattled and the Zeppelin sounded like a hissing

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After three more raids were scattered by the weather, a five-Zeppelin raid was launched by the Navy on 13 October, the "Theatreland Raid." Arriving over the Norfolk coast at around 18:30, the Zeppelins encountered new ground defences installed since the September raid; these had no success, although

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by an H.12 flown by Lt. Galpin and Sub-Lt. Leckie, which had been alerted following interception of its radio traffic. Two abortive interceptions were made by Galpin and Leckie on 24 May and 5 June. On 14 June, L 43 was brought down by an H.12 flown by Sub Lts. Hobbs and Dickie. On the same day

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Z I. First flown on 16 January 1913, it was wrecked on 19 March of the same year. In April 1913 its newly built sister-ship LZ 15 (Z IV) accidentally intruded into French airspace owing to a navigational error caused by high winds and poor visibility. The commander judged it proper to

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Early models had a fairly small externally-mounted gondola for passengers and crew beneath the frame. This space was never heated, because fire outside of the kitchen was considered too risky, and during trips across the North Atlantic or Siberia passengers were forced to bundle in blankets and furs

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The pre-war M-class designs were quickly enlarged, to produce the 163 metres (536 ft) long duralumin P-class, which increased gas capacity from 22,500 to 31,880 m (794,500 to 1,126,000 cu ft), introduced a fully enclosed gondola and had an extra engine. These modifications added

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In 1915, patrols were only carried out on 124 days and in other years the total was considerably less. They prevented British ships from approaching Germany, spotted when and where the British were laying mines and later aided in the destruction of those mines. Zeppelins would sometimes land on the

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This accident would have finished Zeppelin's experiments, but his flights had generated huge public interest and a sense of national pride regarding his work, and spontaneous donations from the public began pouring in, eventually totalling over six million marks. This enabled the Count to found the

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halving the bomb load, removing the defensive armament and by reducing the number of engines to five. However these were not successful as bombers: the greater height at which they operated greatly hindered navigation, and their reduced power made them vulnerable to unfavorable weather conditions.

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In 1917, following losses to the air defences over Britain, new designs were produced which were capable of flying at much higher altitudes, typically operating at around 6,100 m (20,000 ft). This was achieved by reducing the weight of the airship by reducing the weight of the structure,

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In July 1916 Luftschiffbau Zeppelin introduced the R-class, 199.49 metres (654 feet 6 inches) long, and with a volume of 55,210 m (1,949,600 cu ft). These could carry loads of three to four tons of bombs and reach speeds of up to 103 km/h (64 mph), powered by six

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To counter the increasingly effective defences new Zeppelins were introduced which had an increased operating altitude of 16,500 feet (5,000 m) and a ceiling of 21,000 feet (6,400 m). The first of these S-class Zeppelins, LZ 91 (L 42) entered service in February 1917. They were

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on 5–6 March but were forced by high winds to divert to Hull, killing 18, injuring 52 and causing £25,005 damage. At the beginning of April raids were attempted on five successive nights. Ten airships set off on 31 March: most turned back and L 15, damaged by antiaircraft fire and an aircraft

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on 15–16 June the short summer nights discouraged further raids for some months, and the remaining Army Zeppelins were reassigned to the Eastern and Balkan fronts. The Navy resumed raids on Britain in August, when three largely ineffective raids were carried out. On 10 August the antiaircraft guns

505:, first flown on 20 June 1908. On 1 July it was flown over Switzerland to Zürich and then back to Lake Constance, covering 386 km (240 mi) and reaching an altitude of 795 m (2,608 ft). An attempt to complete the 24-hour trial flight ended when LZ 4 had to make a landing at 1896:

However, in 1921 the Allied Powers demanded that these should be handed over as war reparations as compensation for the dirigibles destroyed by their crews in 1919. Germany was not allowed to construct military aircraft and only airships of less than 28,000 m (1,000,000 cu ft) were

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The loss of SL 11 to the new ammunition ended the German Army's enthusiasm for raids on Britain. The German Navy remained aggressive, and another 12-Zeppelin raid was launched on 23–24 September. Eight older airships bombed targets in the Midlands and northeast, while four R-class Zeppelins

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containing whisky. Raids on 4/5 April and 5/6 April had little effect, as did a five-Zeppelin raid on 25/6 April and a raid by a single Army Zeppelin the following night. On 2/3 July a nine-Zeppelin raid against Manchester and Rosyth was largely ineffective due to weather conditions, and one was

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Count Zeppelin began to seriously pursue his project after his early retirement from the army in 1890 at the age of 52. Convinced of the potential importance of aviation, he started working on various designs in 1891, and had completed detailed designs by 1893. An official committee reviewed his

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On 12 October at 07:30 local time the Zeppelin took off for the US under the command of Hugo Eckener. The ship completed its 8,050 kilometres (5,000 mi) voyage without any difficulties in 80 hours 45 minutes. American crowds enthusiastically celebrated the arrival, and President

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The biggest raid to date was launched on 2–3 September, when twelve German Navy and four Army airships set out to bomb London. A combination of rain and snowstorms scattered the airships while they were still over the North Sea. Only one of the naval airships came within seven miles of central

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oil fields on 4 September but was wrecked on attempting to land after the mission. Its replacement, LZ 86, was damaged by anti-aircraft fire during its second attack on Bucharest on 26 September and was damaged beyond repair in the resulting forced landing, and was replaced by LZ 97.

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offered critical perspectives on the Zeppelin; in a September 1909 New York Times interview, Wright compared airships to steam engines nearing their developmental peak, while seeing airplanes as akin to gas engines with untapped potential for innovation.The airships did not provide a scheduled

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Eckener intended to follow the successful airship with another larger Zeppelin, designated LZ 128. This was to be powered by eight engines, 232 m (761 ft) in length, with a capacity of 199,980 m (7,062,100 cu ft). However the loss of the British passenger airship

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for use by dirigibles. While the zeppelin flew invisibly within or above the clouds, the car's observer would hang from a cable below the clouds, and relay navigation and bomb dropping orders. It was equipped with a wicker chair, chart table, electric lamp and compass, with telephone line and

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bought LZ 3 and LZ 5 (a sister-ship to LZ 4 which was completed in May 1909) and designated them Z I and Z II respectively. Z II was wrecked in a gale in April 1910, while Z I flew until 1913, when it was decommissioned and replaced by LZ 15, designated

1278:—then there was war in heaven. (...) I cannot get over it, that the moon is not Queen of the sky by night, and the stars the lesser lights. It seems the Zeppelin is in the zenith of the night, golden like a moon, having taken control of the sky; and the bursting shells are the lesser lights. 710:

The German airships were operated separately by the Army and Navy. When World War I broke out, the Army took over the three remaining DELAG ships. By this time, it had already decommissioned three older Zeppelins, including Z I. During the war, the Navy Zeppelins were primarily used in

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There were only four raids in 1918, all against targets in the Midlands and northern England. Five Zeppelins attempted to bomb the Midlands on 12–13 March to little effect. The following night three Zeppelins set off, but two turned back because of the weather: the third bombed

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By the outbreak of war in August 1914, Zeppelin had started constructing the first M class airships, which had a length of 158 m (518 ft), with a volume of 22,500 cubic metres (794,500 cu ft) and a useful load of 9,100 kilograms (20,100 lb). Their three

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due to searching in the wrong frequency range. The frequencies searched were too high, an assumption based on the Germans' own radar systems. The mistaken conclusion was that the British towers were not connected with radar operations, but were for naval radio communications.

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flew to Friedrichshafen, then Tokyo, Los Angeles, and back to Lakehurst, in 21 days 5 hours and 31 minutes. Including the initial and final trips between Friedrichshafen and Lakehurst and back, the dirigible had travelled 49,618 kilometres (30,831 mi).

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prohibiting the press from reporting anything about raids that was not mentioned in official statements. Only one of the 15 defensive sorties managed to make visual contact with the enemy, and one of the pilots, Flt Lieut D. M. Barnes, was killed on attempting to land.

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became the first truly successful Zeppelin. This renewed the interest of the German military, but a condition of purchase of an airship was a 24-hour endurance trial. This was beyond the capabilities of LZ 3, leading Zeppelin to construct his fourth design, the

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For the next raid, on 27–28 November, the Zeppelins avoided London for targets in the Midlands. Again the defending aircraft were successful: L 34 was shot down over the mouth of the Tees and L 21 was attacked by two aircraft and crashed into the sea off

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direct-drive engine cars, anti-aircraft machine-gun positions, and gas ventilation shafts which transferred vented hydrogen to the top of the airship. New production facilities were set up to assemble Zeppelins from components fabricated in Friedrichshafen.

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attempted a daylight raid on London. They were frustrated by heavy clouds but the effort led the Kaiser to announce that airship raids on London were to stop; under pressure he later relented to allow the Zeppelins to attack under "favorable circumstances".

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Zeppelins were very difficult to attack successfully at high altitude, although this also made accurate bombing impossible. Aeroplanes struggled to reach a typical altitude of 10,000 feet (3,000 m), and firing the solid bullets usually used by aircraft

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Early offensive operations by Army airships revealed that they were extremely vulnerable to ground fire unless flown at high altitude, and several were lost. No bombs had been developed, and the early raids dropped artillery shells instead. On 5 August 1914

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At the beginning of the conflict, the German command had high hopes for the airships, which were considerably more capable than contemporary light fixed-wing machines: they were almost as fast, could carry multiple machine guns, and had enormously greater

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Werner Peterson of the Naval Airship Service, who had only taken command of L 32 in August 1916. L 32 approached from the south, crossing the English Channel close to Dungeness light house, passing Tunbridge Wells at 12:10 and dropping bombs on

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Eckener and his co-workers refused to give up and kept looking for investors and a way to circumvent Allied restrictions. Their opportunity came in 1924. The United States had started to experiment with rigid airships, constructing one of their own, the

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and several towns were bombed. A total of 61 people were reported killed and 101 injured by the raid. Despite ground fog, 22 aircraft took off to find the Zeppelins but none succeeded, and two pilots were killed when attempting to land. One airship, the

1664:, killing eight and injuring 29. A five-Zeppelin raid on 12–13 April was also largely ineffective, with thick clouds making accurate navigation impossible. However, some alarm was caused by the other two, one of which reached the east coast and bombed 2008:, the voyage taking 112 hours and setting a new endurance record for airships. Eckener and his crew, which included his son Hans, were once more welcomed enthusiastically, with confetti parades in New York and another invitation to the White House. 1628:. All were hindered by an unexpected strong headwind at altitude. L 45 was trying to reach Sheffield, but instead it dropped bombs on Northampton and London: most fell in the north-west suburbs but three 300 kg (660 lb) bombs fell in 1081:

The Kaiser authorised the bombing of the London docks on 12 February 1915, but no raids on London took place until May. Two Navy raids failed due to bad weather on 14 and 15 April, and it was decided to delay further attempts until the more capable

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Paris mounted a more effective defense against zeppelin raids than London. Zeppelins attacking Paris had to first fly over the system of forts between the front and the city, from which they were subjected to anti-aircraft fire with reduced risk of

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Under these circumstances, Eckener managed to obtain an order for the next American dirigible. Germany had to pay for this airship itself, as the cost was set against the war reparation accounts, but for the Zeppelin company this was unimportant.

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instead of London and causing considerable damage. On the same night an Army raid of three Zeppelins also failed because of the weather, and as the airships returned to Evere (Brussels) they ran into a counter-raid by RNAS aircraft flying from

1640:, causing most of the casualties that night. L 45 then reduced altitude to try to escape the winds but was forced back into the higher air currents by a B.E.2e. The airship then had mechanical failure in three engines and was blown over 2492:

suggested changing the spelling of "Lead" to "Led" to avoid mispronunciation. "Balloon" was replaced with "Zeppelin" as Jimmy Page saw it as a symbol of "the perfect combination of heavy and light, combustibility and grace." For the group's

2525:, a daughter enterprise of the Zeppelin conglomerate that built the original German Zeppelins, has been developing Zeppelin "New Technology" (NT) airships. These vessels are semi-rigids based partly on internal pressure, partly on a frame. 661:

to a five-year program of expansion of German naval-airship strength, involving the building of two airship bases and constructing a fleet of ten airships. The first airship of the program, L 2, was ordered on 30 January. L 1 was

1878:, who had long envisioned dirigibles as vessels of peace rather than of war, took command of the Zeppelin business, hoping to quickly resume civilian flights. Despite considerable difficulties, they completed two small passenger airships; 309:

also had passenger gangways leading from the ground directly into its hull which could be withdrawn entirely, ground access to the gondola, and an exterior access hatch via its electrical room; this latter was intended for crew use only.

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was used for electronic scouting missions, and was equipped with various measuring equipment. In August 1939, it made a flight near the coastline of Great Britain in an attempt to determine whether the 100 metre towers erected from

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was the largest airship ever built. It had been designed to use non-flammable helium, but the only supplies of the rare gas were controlled by the United States, which refused to allow its export. The fatal decision was made to fill the

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The raids continued in 1916. In December 1915, additional P class Zeppelins and the first of the new Q class airships were delivered. The Q class was an enlargement of the P class with improved ceiling and bomb-load.

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The entire 22 crew were killed. Two crew members jumped rather than be burned (one was said to be Werner Peterson). The crew's bodies were kept in a barn nearby until 27 September when the Royal Flying Corps transported them to nearby

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Zeppelin technology improved considerably as a result of the increasing demands of warfare. The company came under government control, and new personnel were recruited to cope with the increased demand, including the aerodynamicist

1439:, witnessed by the crews of several of the other Zeppelins and many on the ground; there were no survivors. The victory earned Leefe Robinson a Victoria Cross; the pieces of SL 11 were gathered up and sold as souvenirs by the 612:, which also had a short career, first flying on 30 March 1911 and becoming damaged beyond repair when caught by a strong cross-wind while being walked out of its shed on 16 May. The company's fortunes changed with the next ship, 604:, made its maiden voyage on 19 June 1910. On 28 June it set off on a voyage to publicise Zeppelins, carrying 19 journalists as passengers. A combination of adverse weather and engine failure brought it down at Mount Limberg near 1017:-load range and endurance. Contrary to expectation, it was not easy to ignite the hydrogen using standard bullets and shrapnel. The Allies only started to exploit the Zeppelin's great vulnerability to fire when a combination of 1837:

argued the raids were effective far beyond material damage in diverting and hampering wartime production: one estimate is that the due to the 1915–16 raids "one sixth of the total normal output of munitions was entirely lost."

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and an army camp near Folkestone. A total of 71 people were killed and 128 injured. This was the last raid of 1915, as bad weather coincided with the new moon in both November and December 1915 and continued into January 1916.

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moved to a large Zeppelin hangar in Frankfurt, where the skeleton of LZ 131 was also located. In March 1940 Göring ordered the scrapping of the remaining airships, and on 6 May the Frankfurt hangars were demolished.

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in honour of the Count, flew for the first time. With a total length of 236.6 metres (776 ft) and a volume of 105,000 m, it was the largest dirigible to have been built at the time. Eckener's initial purpose was to use

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The principal feature of the Zeppelin's design was a fabric-covered, rigid metal framework of transverse rings and longitudinal girders enclosing a number of individual gasbags. This allowed the craft to be much larger than

1311:. However, by mid-1916 an effective mixture of explosive, tracer and incendiary rounds had been developed. There were 23 airship raids in 1916, in which 125 tons of bombs were dropped, killing 293 people and injuring 691. 513:

because of mechanical problems. During the stop, a storm tore the airship away from its moorings on the afternoon of 5 August 1908. It crashed into a tree, caught fire, and quickly burnt out. No one was seriously injured.

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wreck and turned into a museum. A new intended flagship Zeppelin was completed in 1938 and, inflated with hydrogen, made some test flights (the first on 14 September), but never carried passengers. Another project,

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Count Zeppelin's attempts to secure government funding for his project proved unsuccessful, but a lecture given to the Union of German Engineers gained their support. Zeppelin also sought support from the industrialist

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The first raid of 1916 was carried out by the German Navy. Nine Zeppelins were sent to Liverpool on the night of 31 January – 1 February. A combination of poor weather and mechanical problems scattered them across the

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declined to invest more money, and so the company was liquidated, with Count von Zeppelin purchasing the ship and equipment. The Count wished to continue experimenting, but he eventually dismantled the ship in 1901.

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Further raids were delayed by an extended period of poor weather and also by the withdrawal of the majority of Naval Zeppelins in an attempt to resolve the recurrent engine failures. Three Zeppelins set off to bomb

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The first flight took place over Lake Constance on 2 July 1900. Damaged during landing, it was repaired and modified and proved its potential in two subsequent flights made on 17 and 24 October 1900, bettering the

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attacked London. L 30 did not even cross the coast, dropping its bombs at sea. L 31 approached London from the south, dropping a few bombs on the southern suburbs before crossing the Thames and bombing

1961:) after its Atlantic crossing, the airship became the most successful American airship. It operated reliably for eight years until it was retired in 1932 for economic reasons. It was dismantled in August 1940. 2244:

burst into flames, killing 35 of the 97 people on board and one member of the ground crew. The cause of the fire was never definitively determined. The investigation into the accident concluded that

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lightning conductor part of the suspension cable. Although used by Army airships, they were not used by the Navy, since Strasser considered that their weight meant an unacceptable reduction in bomb load.

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produced by the Zeppelin facility in Friedrichshafen. The combustible Blau gas was formulated to make its weight near that of air, so that its storage and consumption had little effect on the zeppelin's

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on 5 October 1930 led the Zeppelin company to reconsider the safety of hydrogen-filled vessels, and the design was abandoned in favour of a new project, LZ 129. This was intended to be filled with

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After ineffective raids on the Midlands and the north of England on 21–22 August and 24–25 September, the last major Zeppelin raid of the war was launched on 19–20 October, with 13 airships heading for

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for experimental and demonstration purposes to prepare the way for regular airship traveling, carrying passengers and mail to cover the costs. In October 1928 its first long-range voyage brought it to

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were introduced, initially manned by police. By mid-1916, there were 271 anti-aircraft guns and 258 searchlights across England. Aerial defences against Zeppelins were divided between the RNAS and the

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Then we saw the Zeppelin above us, just ahead, amid a gleaming of clouds: high up, like a bright golden finger, quite small (...) Then there was flashes near the ground—and the shaking noise. It was

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The first raid of 1917 did not occur until 16–17 March: the five Zeppelins encountered very strong winds and none reached their targets. This experience was repeated on 23–24 May. Two days later 21

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transported an increasing volume of passengers and mail across the ocean every year until 1936. The ship made another spectacular voyage in July 1931 when it made a seven-day research trip to the

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ordered its first Zeppelin—an enlarged version of the airships operated by DELAG—which received the naval designation Z 1 and entered Navy service in October 1912. On 18 January 1913 Admiral

1435:, who fired three 40-round drums of Brocks and Buckingham ammunition into the airship. The third drum started a fire and the airship was quickly enveloped in flames. It fell to the ground near 1375:. The following night two Navy Zeppelins bombed targets in the north of England, killing 22 and injuring 130. On the night of 2/3 April a six-airship raid was made, targeting the naval base at 619:, which first flew on 26 June 1911 and carried 1,553 passengers in 218 flights before catching fire after a gust tore it from its mooring near Düsseldorf. Other DELAG ships included LZ 11 608:

in Lower Saxony, its hull getting stuck in trees. All passengers and crew were unhurt, except for one crew member who broke his leg when he jumped from the craft. It was replaced by LZ 8

670:

when caught in a storm while taking part in an exercise with the German fleet. 14 crew members drowned, the first fatalities in a Zeppelin accident. Less than six weeks later, on 17 October,

1782:

The German defeat also marked the end of German military dirigibles, as the victorious Allies demanded a complete abolition of German air forces and surrender of the remaining airships as

351:

on the subject of "World Postal Services and Air Travel" to outline the basic principle of his later craft in a diary entry dated 25 March 1874. It describes a large rigidly framed outer

4347:

N.A. Hydrogen key to revival of modern-day zeppelins, Winnipeg conference hears. Canadian Press, The . n.d.:Available from: Newspaper Source Plus, Ipswich, MA. Accessed 10 December 2015.

291:. On both the older and newer vessels, the external viewing windows were often open during flight. The flight altitude was so low that no pressurization of the cabins was necessary. The 1535:, where it was hit by an anti-aircraft shell, despite being at an altitude of 13,000 feet (4,000 m). As it headed towards Chelmsford it began to lose height and came down close to 91:) who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874 and developed in detail in 1893. They were patented in 2547:

with Zeppelin NTs, resurrecting their partnership that ended over 70 years ago. Goodyear placed an order for three Zeppelin NTs, which then entered service between 2014 and 2018.

2256:

Despite the obvious danger, there remained a list of 400 people who still wanted to fly as Zeppelin passengers and had paid for the trip. Their money was refunded in 1940.

189:

was originally designed to serve as a mooring mast for zeppelins and other airships, although it was found that high winds made that impossible and the plan was abandoned. The

1825:

On 23 June 1919, a week before the treaty was signed, many Zeppelin crews destroyed their airships in their halls in order to prevent delivery, following the example of the

441:, or "Zeppelin Airship") was 128 metres (420 ft) long with a hydrogen capacity of 11,000 m (400,000 cu ft), was driven by two 15 horsepower (11 kW) 243:, and two or three other metals, the exact composition of which was kept secret for years. Early Zeppelins used rubberized cotton for the gasbags, but most later craft used 1524:. Attending the scene of the crash site were the Royal Naval Intelligence, who recovered the latest secret code book which was found within the gondola of the crashed L32. 1383:

and London. None of the airships bombed their intended targets; 13 were killed, 24 injured and much of the £77,113 damage was caused by the destruction of a warehouse in

585:

in addition to their production numbers. LZ 6 first flew on 25 August 1909 and was accidentally destroyed in Baden-Oos on 14 September 1910 by a fire in its hangar.

433:). The intention behind the floating hall was to facilitate the difficult task of bringing the airship out of the hall, as it could easily be aligned with the wind. The 937:; eleven crew escaped from the forward gondola, after which the lightened airship with four crew members remaining in the aft engine car was blown out to sea and lost. 485:, some public funding, a mortgage of Count von Zeppelin's wife's estate, and a 100,000 mark contribution by Count von Zeppelin himself allowed the construction of 3842: 1551:. 2nd lieutenant Wulstan Tempest succeeded in setting fire to the airship, which came down near Potters Bar. All 19 crew died, many jumping from the burning airship. 1226:, causing a fire which despite the attendance of 22 fire engines caused over half a million pounds of damage: Mathy then turned east, dropping his remaining bombs on 4301: 1358:, came down in the North Sea because of engine failure and damage from Dutch ground-fire. Although the wreck stayed afloat for a while and was sighted by a British 774:

On 20 March 1915, temporarily forbidden from bombing London by the Kaiser, Z X (LZ 29), LZ 35 and the Schütte-Lanz airship SL 2 set off to bomb

1897:

permitted. This brought a halt to Zeppelin's plans for airship development, and the company temporarily had to resort to manufacturing aluminium cooking utensils.

572:

In 1909, Count Zeppelin founded the world's first airline, the Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-Aktiengesellschaft (German Airship Travel Corporation), generally known as

4171:

Raymond Quevedo (Atilla the Hun) and Hubert Raphael Charles (The Lion) to travel to New York to make recordings. From that session comes Atilla's "Graf Zeppelin,"

1885:(scrapped in July 1928), which first flew in August 1919 and in the following months transported passengers between Friedrichshafen and Berlin, and a sister-ship 6719: 1371:

attacking using Ranken darts, came down in the sea near Margate. Most of the 48 killed in the raid were victims of a single bomb which fell on an Army billet in

1580: 295:

did maintain a pressurized air-locked smoking room: no flame was allowed, but a single electric lighter was provided, which could not be removed from the room.

1126:

The first naval attempt on London took place on 4 June: strong winds caused the commander of L 9 to misjudge his position, and the bombs were dropped on

2334:

were used for aircraft radio location. Photography, radio wave interception, magnetic and radio frequency analysis were unable to detect operational British

1912:(based on the Zeppelin L 70) when the British airship programme was cancelled. However, this broke apart and caught fire during a test flight above the 2505:

in 1937, much to Countess Eva von Zeppelin's disgust. Von Zeppelin tried to sue the group for using her family name, but the case was eventually dismissed.

6830: 895:

On 5 January 1918, a fire at Ahlhorn destroyed four of the specialised double sheds along with four Zeppelins and one Schütte-Lanz. In July 1918, the

974:

entered service and launching platforms for aeroplanes were fitted to the forward turrets of some light cruisers. On 14 May, L 22 was shot down near

1242:

and the corner of Exeter and Wellington Streets, killing 17 and injuring 20. None of the other Zeppelins reached central London: bombs fell on Woolwich,

1062:

The first raid on England took place on the night of 19–20 January 1915. Two Zeppelins, L 3 and L 4, intended to attack targets near the River

940:

At this stage in the war there was no clear doctrine for the use of Naval airships. A single large Zeppelin, L 5, played an unimportant part in the

771:

on 24 September and was also used to support German army operations in East Prussia. By the end of 1914 the Army's airship strength was reduced to four.

1175:, and the entire crew was killed. Three Army airships set off to bomb London on 7–8 September, of which two succeeded: SL 2 dropped bombs between 111:(DELAG), the world's first airline in revenue service. By mid-1914, DELAG had carried over 10,000 fare-paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. During 6672: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6627: 6617: 6612: 5921: 5879: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 4955: 4942: 4929: 4916: 4469: 2042:

of the globe. The growing popularity of the "giant of the air" made it easy for Eckener to find sponsors. One of these was the American press tycoon

1583:– translated title: "In the rear engine gondola of a Zeppelin airship during the flight through enemy airspace after a successful attack on England" 723:. Flying at a relatively low altitude because of cloud cover, the airship was damaged by small-arms fire and was destroyed in a forced landing near 6607: 6597: 6592: 6582: 6572: 6567: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6482: 6407: 6402: 6387: 6382: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6254: 6234: 6229: 6211: 6206: 6196: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6151: 6146: 6121: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5782: 5777: 5761: 5756: 5740: 5730: 5725: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5690: 5675: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5602: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5479: 5441: 5425: 5417: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5377: 5367: 5362: 5357: 5331: 5315: 5307: 5265: 5260: 5250: 5245: 5219: 5203: 853:

on 28 December ended in failure caused by operating problems due to the extreme cold, and one of the airships was destroyed in a forced landing at

4476: 6856: 6161: 6036: 6029: 5193: 5177: 5172: 5156: 5148: 4465: 2146:

in 1933 had important consequences for Zeppelin Luftschiffbau. Zeppelins became a propaganda tool for the new regime: they would now display the

4187: 2097:. This had already been a dream of Count von Zeppelin twenty years earlier, which could not be realized at the time due to the outbreak of war. 161:

In 1926, the restrictions on airship construction were lifted and, with the aid of donations from the public, work began on the construction of

6872: 1503:(known at the time as Sutton's Farm). As Sowrey approached he fired three drums of ammunition into the hull of L 32, including the latest 5017: 4212: 1342: 872:, a specially lengthened craft was to have flown the mission but was destroyed shortly after completion. A Zeppelin then under construction, 809:

in early 1916: a third raid on 4 May ended with it being brought down by anti-aircraft fire. The crew survived but were taken prisoner. When

683: 4262: 3117: 5044: 2562:

birthday celebration performing flights over Switzerland in an Edelweiss livery, and it is now used, weather permitting, on flights over

1826: 999: 124: 116: 2046:, who requested that the tour officially start in Lakehurst. As with the October 1928 flight to New York, Hearst had placed a reporter, 1411:, which reacted with the chlorate to catch fire and hence ignite the Zeppelin's hydrogen. These had become available by September 1916. 1106:

On 31 May Linnarz commanded LZ 38 on the first raid against London. In total some 120 bombs were dropped on a line stretching from

2590: 1403:

was ineffectual: they made small holes causing inconsequential gas leaks. Britain developed new bullets, the Brock containing oxidant

1218:

Heinrich Mathy reached London. The bomb-load included a 300-kilogram (660 lb) bomb, the largest yet carried. This exploded near

287:

new design did prevent passengers from enjoying the views from the windows of their berths, which had been a major attraction on the

273:

or engine cars attached outside the structural framework. Some of these could provide reverse thrust for manoeuvring while mooring.

130:

The defeat of Germany in 1918 temporarily slowed the airship business. Although DELAG established a scheduled daily service between

231:, which relied on the inflation of a single-pressure envelope to maintain their shape. The framework of most Zeppelins was made of 2237: 576:

to promote his airships, initially using LZ 6, which he had hoped to sell to the German Army. Notable aviation figures like

3616: 1454: 955:

In 1917, the Royal Navy began to take effective countermeasures against airship patrols over the North Sea. In April, the first

1559:. There were no further raids in 1916 although the Navy lost three more craft, all on 28 December: SL 12 was destroyed at 1521: 4871: 2642:

Koestler was the only journalist on board. He describes the preparations and the voyage itself in detail in his autobiography.

686:

engines produced 470 kilowatts (630 hp) each, and they could reach speeds of up to 84 kilometres per hour (52 mph).

565:

land the airship to demonstrate that the incursion was accidental, and brought the ship down on the military parade-ground at

6959: 4773: 4748: 4657: 4549: 4406: 4372: 2726: 2449: 1575: 335: 4976: 4200:

In Graf Zeppelin Atilla sang, "One Sunday Morning ... because the Graff Zeppelin which had come to pay a visit to Trinidad".

3839: 6939: 4564: 1194: 569:. The airship remained on the ground until the following day, permitting a detailed examination by French airship experts. 120: 1651:

There were no more raids in 1917, although the airships were not abandoned but refitted with new, more powerful, engines.

186: 6934: 6912:

Early Army designations, used pre-war. Wartime Army LZ designations were not always matched to Zeppelin's LZ hull number.

4620: 1969: 865: 2465: 2293:

and made about 30 test flights prior to the beginning of World War II. Most of those flights were carried out near the

2158:, the Minister of Propaganda, contributed two million reichsmarks towards the construction of LZ 129, and in 1935 1567:

L 24 crashed into the shed while landing: the resulting fire destroyed both L 24 and the adjacent L 17.

1171:

and Leytonstone. L 10 was destroyed a little over two weeks later: it was struck by lightning and caught fire off

421:, and construction of the first airship began in 1899 in a floating assembly-hall or hangar in the Bay of Manzell near 5018:

Die deütschen Luftstreitkräfte im Weltkriege edited by Georg Paul Neumann 1920 [German][Books google].

2447:'s father, is alive and is a wealthy inventor. They are also seen in the alternate reality 1939 plot line in the film 2077:, Brazil in May 1930, it was decided to open the first regular transatlantic airship line. This line operated between 4788: 4730: 4715: 4700: 4685: 4635: 4605: 4580: 4455: 4439: 4421: 4391: 3391: 3160: 2788: 2742: 2047: 1592: 1517: 1144: 391: 4879: 1797:"The armed forces of Germany must not include any military or naval air forces ... No dirigible shall be kept." 1291:

The Army took full control of ground defences in February 1916, and a variety of sub 4-inch (less than 102 mm)

1151:

for his achievement. As a consequence of the RNAS raid both the Army and Navy withdrew from their bases in Belgium.

1147:, who dropped six bombs on the airship, setting it on fire. All but one of the crew died. Warneford was awarded the 6954: 6949: 2540: 2595: 821:

on 28 August, 4 September and 25 September. LZ 86 transferred to Szentandras and made a single attack on the

5037: 4236: 2605: 2580: 2550:

Modern zeppelins are held aloft by the inert gas helium, eliminating the danger of combustion illustrated by the

1086:

were in service. The Army received the first of these, LZ 38, and Erich Linnarz commanded it on a raid over

319: 489:, which made only a single flight on 17 January 1906. After both engines failed it made a forced landing in the 6882: 4531: 1262:

Although these raids had no significant military impact, the psychological effect was considerable. The writer

1163:, and on 17–18 August L 10 became the first Navy airship to reach London. Mistaking the reservoirs of the 473: 417:

share-capital himself. Responsibility for the detail design was given to Kober, whose place was later taken by

4332: 2532:

company operated zeppelin passenger travel to California from October 2008 to November 2012 with one of these

5592: 1362:, the boat's crew refused to rescue the Zeppelin's crew because they were outnumbered, and all 16 crew died. 763:

on 22 September 1914. On the eastern front, Z V was brought down by ground fire on 28 August during the

663: 1508:

freight train. L 32 continued down Hill side and came down at Snail's Hall Farm off Green Farm Lane in

4990: 4183: 2381: 1428: 941: 442: 4856: 4839: 4822: 4805: 581:

service between cities, but generally operated pleasure cruises, carrying twenty passengers. The airships

6892: 6887: 3354: 2489: 2418: 2392: 884:

was turned back by high winds, and on 7 April 1918 it was on a mission to bomb the British naval base at

764: 556: 387: 108: 4507:

The Zeppelins. The Development of the Airship, with the Story of the Zeppelin Air Raids in the World War

2962: 2633:(1966) gives figures of 5,907 bombs dropped, 528 people killed, 1,156 wounded in 208 individual sorties. 1612:

to drop to 13,000 feet (4,000 m) where it was caught by four aircraft and destroyed, crashing near

1587: 793:

Airship operations in the Balkans started in the autumn of 1915, and an airship base was constructed at

5030: 2459: 2168: 266: 4951: 4938: 4925: 4912: 4505: 6100: 6093: 5947: 4960:, "Rigid airship with separate gas cells". Filed 27 November 1922; Issued August 1929. Hugo Eckener. 1330: 1078:

and the surrounding villages, killing four and injuring 16. Material damage was estimated at £7,740.

196:

in 1937, along with political and economic developments in Germany, hastened the demise of airships.

142:

in 1919, the airships built for that service eventually had to be surrendered under the terms of the

31: 17: 4333:"Goodyear blimps to be replaced by German Zeppelins: Revival of 1930s flying Cloudbase partnership." 1520:. They were interred there until 1966, when they were reinterred at the German Military Cemetery in 1234:

the airship commanders commented on the improved defences of the city. L 15 began bombing over

1222:, destroying several houses and killing two men. More bombs fell on the textile warehouses north of 6734: 6050: 6022: 5942: 2872: 2428: 1879: 1314: 1227: 1188: 1034:

well as the Zeppelin works in Friedrichshafen were also attacked. These raids were followed by the

356: 282: 79: 3225: 1206:

The Navy attempted to follow up the Army's success the following night. One Zeppelin targeted the

6897: 6774: 6729: 6064: 5967: 3148: 2363: 2050:, on board: she therefore became the first woman to circumnavigate the globe by air. From there, 2043: 861: 756: 506: 6820: 6769: 6759: 6754: 6724: 6085: 5952: 5053: 3967: 2585: 2558:. Zeppelin NTs are often used for sightseeing trips; for example, D-LZZF (c/n 03) was used for 2522: 2294: 1935: 1923: 1722:. Many of these technological advances originated from Zeppelin's only serious competitor, the 1432: 1239: 1223: 528: 413:(Society for the Promotion of Airship Flight), contributing more than half of its 800,000 344: 151: 71: 55: 44: 4740:

The War in the Air, Being the Story of the Part Played in the Great War by the Royal Air Force

2778: 2020:. A second trip to the United States was aborted in France due to engine failure in May 1929. 1470: 6825: 6815: 6795: 6790: 6764: 6749: 6739: 6457: 5539: 4427: 3963: 2716: 2005: 1902: 1641: 1267: 1042: 1026: 885: 347:'s interest in airship development began in 1874, when he was inspired by a lecture given by 258:

Luftschiffbau, almost all later airships changed to the more familiar streamlined shape with

39: 1038:

on Christmas Day 1914, one of the first operations carried out by ship-launched aeroplanes.

6944: 6810: 6800: 6744: 6057: 5957: 2967: 2494: 2440: 2417:, Zeppelins are a notable historical idiosyncrasy that helps differentiate the series' two 2362:

Zeppelins have been an inspiration to music, cinematography and literature. The 1930 movie

2249:

had ignited hydrogen which had leaked from the gasbags, although there were allegations of

2193: 1994: 1973: 1787: 1214:

and three set off to bomb London: two were forced to turn back but L 13, commanded by

740: 732: 728: 716: 650: 348: 244: 213: 182: 170: 162: 143: 4492: 4316: 1504: 8: 6805: 2302: 2197: 2017: 2013: 1919: 1759: 1548: 980: 860:

In 1917 the German High Command made an attempt to use a Zeppelin to deliver supplies to

802: 533: 250:

The first Zeppelins had long cylindrical hulls with tapered ends and complex multi-plane

204: 190: 3219: 2240:

after a transatlantic flight, the tail of the ship caught fire, and within seconds, the

842: 6929: 6714: 5000:

Zeppelin Post Journal – Quarterly publication for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia

4649: 4162: 2413: 2397: 2246: 1404: 1304: 1219: 1131: 1051: 1022: 1004: 889: 846: 810: 727:. Thirteen bombs were dropped in the raid and nine civilians were killed. On 21 August 694: 654: 555:

Before World War I (1914–1918) the Zeppelin company manufactured 21 more airships. The

360: 155: 51: 3688: 1993:

Another two years passed before 18 September 1928, when the new dirigible, christened

1143:. LZ 38 was destroyed on the ground and LZ 37 was intercepted in the air by 952:

sea next to a minesweeper, bring aboard an officer and show him the mines' locations.

6677: 6071: 6043: 5962: 5926: 5075: 4784: 4769: 4744: 4738: 4726: 4711: 4696: 4681: 4653: 4631: 4616: 4601: 4576: 4560: 4545: 4527: 4451: 4435: 4417: 4402: 4387: 4368: 3387: 3156: 2784: 2722: 2600: 2388: 2298: 2186: 2125: 2058: 1676:. The final raid on 5 August 1918 involved four airships and resulted in the loss of 1540: 1536: 1512:, crashing at 01:30 on farm land; the 650-foot-long airship struck a large oak tree. 1416: 787: 658: 582: 359:

balloons in 1863 when he visited the United States as a military observer during the

228: 175: 2457:

subcultural movement in broader terms. In 1989, Japanese animator Miyazaki released

2159: 657:, Secretary of State of the German Imperial Naval Office, obtained the agreement of 5652: 5579: 5456: 4501: 4154: 2529: 2488:

that his idea to create a band would "go down like a lead balloon." Page's manager

2432: 2403: 2277: 2086: 2039: 1830: 1766: 1496: 1446: 1392: 1350: 1083: 1030: 968: 945: 838: 588: 458: 4497:. London: Massie, 1938 – (ASIN: B00085KPWK) ( extract pp. 155–157, 210–211). 4153:. American Folklore Society, Volume 103, Issue 409, July–September 1990: 348–352. 517: 445:

engines each driving a pair of propellers mounted either side of the envelope via

6877: 6667: 6632: 6622: 6602: 5916: 5900: 5895: 5834: 4994: 3846: 3152: 3140: 2155: 2147: 1943: 1783: 1692: 1359: 1325: 1199: 1127: 1107: 964: 956: 944:

on 24 January 1915. L 5 was carrying out a routine patrol when it picked up

869: 577: 449:

and a driveshaft, and was controlled in pitch by moving a weight between its two

422: 150:

from building large airships. An exception was made to allow the construction of

147: 139: 4743:. Vol. III (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Clarendon Press. 1810:"Dirigibles able to take to the air, being manufactured, repaired or assembled." 1727: 255: 6587: 6577: 6562: 6532: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6477: 6472: 6462: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6397: 6392: 6377: 6367: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6249: 6244: 6201: 6191: 6114: 5798: 5735: 5720: 5715: 5695: 5685: 5680: 5670: 5665: 5607: 5597: 5587: 5544: 5534: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5446: 5387: 5382: 5372: 5352: 5336: 5255: 5240: 5198: 3224:. Philadelphia: The United Publishers of the United States and Canada. p. 2763: 2747: 2575: 2408: 2082: 1702: 1684: 1532: 1509: 1500: 1458:

A damaged Zeppelin gondola with a collapsable boat lying nearby. September 1916

1263: 1148: 1075: 1067: 1047: 1018: 873: 752: 671: 613: 493:

mountains, where a storm subsequently damaged the anchored ship beyond repair.

426: 322:. Blau gas was used on the first zeppelin voyage to America, starting in 1929. 1850: 1050:, supplemented by a radio direction-finding system of limited accuracy. After 934: 829: 418: 6923: 6487: 6156: 5660: 5138: 5096: 5088: 4904: 4360: 2559: 2369: 2314: 2310: 2253:. 13 passengers and 22 crew, including Ernst Lehmann, were killed. 2163: 1889:, {Scrapped September 1926} which was intended for use on a regular route to 1719: 1420: 1296: 1275: 1235: 1035: 899:

conducted by the RAF and Royal Navy, destroyed two Zeppelins in their sheds.

624: 544: 502: 497: 486: 434: 368: 305:

s gondola was accessed while the vessel was on the ground, via gangways. The

96: 92: 67: 4921:, "Method of destroying aircraft", Filed 11 April 1916. Joseph A. Steinmetz. 907: 748: 6851: 6846: 6467: 5005:

Zeppelin Luftschifftechnik GmbH – The original company, now developing the

4971: 4947:, "Airship". Filed 19 August 1922; Issued 20 November 1923. Julius Erhardt. 4781:

Battlebags: British Airships of the First World War: An Illustrated History

3621: 2473: 2318: 2179: 2151: 1875: 1691:. Crossing the North Sea during daylight, the airship was intercepted by a 1637: 1415:

London, and both damage and casualties were slight. The newly commissioned

1380: 1355: 1341:

Section of girder from a Zeppelin shot down in England in 1916. Now at the

1211: 975: 960: 912: 896: 461:( 21.6 km/h (13.4 mph) ) velocity attained by the French airship 414: 378:

Lenkbares Luftfahrzeug mit mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Tragkörpern

2554:. It has been proposed that modern zeppelins could be powered by hydrogen 2130: 805:

government. This base was also used by LZ 85 to conduct two raids on

794: 566: 352: 168:. That revived the company's fortunes and, during the 1930s, the airships 6372: 6078: 5283: 5275: 5224: 5012: 4524:

The Encyclopedia of World War I: A Political, Social and Military History

2533: 2384:

recorded "Graf Zeppelin", commemorating the airship's visit to Trinidad.

2377: 1947: 1424: 1372: 1308: 1300: 1168: 1159:

had their first success, causing L 12 to come down into the sea off

1115: 1054:

became widespread, many bombs fell at random on uninhabited countryside.

987: 635: 466: 367:

plans in 1894, and he received a patent, granted on 31 August 1895, with

270: 112: 1423:

while approaching London: it was picked up by searchlights as it bombed

1391:

On 28–29 July, the first raid to include one of the new and much larger

822: 638:

in August 1914, 1588 flights had carried 10,197 fare-paying passengers.

397: 99:

in 1899. After the outstanding success of the Zeppelin design, the word

6698: 2513: 2502: 2485: 2477: 2444: 2423: 2395:

fiction. They feature prominently in the popular fantasy novels of the

2335: 2331: 2327: 2143: 1909: 1829:

two days earlier. The remaining dirigibles were transferred to France,

1770: 1755: 1750: 1715: 1695: 1673: 1661: 1633: 1629: 1604: 1408: 1337: 1164: 1103:

or was already at too great an altitude for the aircraft to intercept.

1071: 926: 779: 735:

were damaged by ground fire while supporting German army operations in

667: 446: 4166: 2463:, which features a Zeppelin as a plot element. A Zeppelin was used in 4972:

How did London civilians respond to the German airship raids of 1915?

2555: 2454: 2345:

After the beginning of the Second World War on 1 September, the

2321:

naval airbase and forced to leave Polish airspace. During this time,

2289: 2224: 2174: 2107: 2078: 1890: 1790:

contained the following articles dealing explicitly with dirigibles:

1625: 1621: 1613: 1556: 1528: 1484: 1440: 1400: 1319: 1247: 1243: 1176: 1160: 922: 854: 818: 605: 593: 510: 259: 236: 232: 5022: 2651:

Other versions have said The Who bassist Entwistle made the comment.

1450:

British propaganda postcard, entitled "The End of the 'Baby-Killer'"

1046:

flew and navigation was problematic. The airships relied largely on

490: 390:, then engaged in construction work on the second airship design of 5065: 4383: 4158: 2250: 2210: 2154:

to play march music and propaganda speeches to the people. In 1934

1723: 1669: 1645: 1492: 1255: 1184: 1180: 1172: 1155: 1130:. L 9 was also diverted by the weather on 6–7 June, attacking 1119: 1099: 1091: 806: 355:

containing several separate gasbags. He had previously encountered

314: 313:

On some long-distance zeppelins, engines were powered by a special

209: 4999: 4796: 2073:

undertook trips around Europe, and following a successful tour to

1862: 1563:

by strong winds after sustaining damage in a poor landing, and at

1008:

British First World War poster of a Zeppelin above London at night

720: 4988:

eZEP.de – The webportal for Zeppelin mail and airship memorabilia

4286: 3972:

Volume 129, 7 September 1921, pp. 14–15. Retrieved: 30 July 2009.

2481: 2023: 1740: 1698: 1564: 1560: 1488: 1436: 1292: 1251: 1207: 1140: 1111: 1087: 1066:

but, diverted by strong winds, eventually dropped their bombs on

760: 744: 702: 482: 450: 218: 104: 4987: 4186:. Trinidad & Tobago Entertainment Company. 27 October 2010. 1874:

Count von Zeppelin had died in 1917, before the end of the war.

930: 254:. During World War I, following the lead of the rival firm 4626:

Tilford, Earl H. Jr. (1996). "Air Warfare: Strategic Bombing".

4016:. No. 45002. London. 19 September 1928. col F, p. 14. 2563: 2436: 2373: 2281:, never progressed beyond the production of a few ring frames. 2110: 2094: 2074: 1913: 1464: 1376: 1367: 1136: 1063: 877: 814: 813:

entered the war in August 1916, LZ 101 was transferred to

768: 736: 496:

Incorporating all the usable parts of LZ 2, its successor

240: 135: 131: 5004: 4908:, "Navigable balloon". 14 March 1899. Ferdinand Graf Zeppelin. 6239: 6107: 5407: 4263:"The Danish countess who made Led Zeppelin change their name" 4031:. No. 45025. London. 16 October 1928. col A, p. 16. 4001:. No. 43784. London. 16 October 1924. col E, p. 14. 3744: 2873:"Die Ausführung des Zeppelin'schen Luftschiffes" (in German). 2544: 2338: 1665: 1595:, London, to 21 civilians killed by Zeppelin bombings in 1917 1384: 1095: 850: 833:

Wreckage of Zeppelin L31 shot down over England 23 Sept 1916.

798: 775: 573: 4872:"Zeppelin Exhibition – An Online Exhibition About Zeppelins" 3243:. No. 41078. London. 1 February 1916. col A, p. 8. 1687:, head of the Imperial German Naval Airship Service and the 1388:

forced to land in neutral Denmark, its crew being interned.

797:. In November 1915, LZ 81 was used to fly diplomats to 6141: 5133: 5117: 5112: 4982: 4934:, "Light weight girder". Filed 28 June 1920. Karl Arnstein. 4628:

The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia

3986:. No. 43743. London. 29 August 1924. col A, p. 9. 2102: 1769:

and Baron Gemmingen, Count Zeppelin's nephew, developed an

1014: 921:

The main use of the airship was in reconnaissance over the

881: 724: 4522:

Madison, Rodney (2005). "Air Warfare, Strategic Bombing".

3009: 1816:"Dirigible sheds and shelters of every kind for aircraft." 1187:

before heading on to London and dropping a single bomb on

298:

Access to Zeppelins was achieved in a number of ways. The

4983:

Airships.net – Illustrated history of passenger Zeppelins

3055:. No. 39587. London. 17 May 1911. col E, p. 10. 3040:. No. 39312. London. 30 June 1910. col D, p. 8. 2986:. No. 40178. London. 5 April 1913. col B, p. 8. 2714: 1499:

of the Royal Flying Corps, who had taken off from nearby

841:

in December 1916. Two Navy zeppelins were transferred to

837:

At the instigation of the Kaiser a plan was made to bomb

739:, and Z VIII was lost. On the night of 24/25 August 251: 222:

cells. The full-resolution picture labels more internals.

158:, the order for which saved the company from extinction. 4526:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 45–46. 3190: 3178: 2469:, when Jones and his father try to escape from Germany. 2305:, then in the Baltic Sea region. During one such flight 641: 265:

Zeppelins were propelled by several internal combustion

103:

came to be commonly used to refer to all forms of rigid

4317:"Goodyear and Zeppelin: Together again after 70 Years." 3091: 3089: 2995: 2993: 4678:: The Navy's Venerable Airship and Aviation Technology 4466:"The Development of Material-Adapted Structural Form." 3163:

p.175. Tuchman implies it was the first ever air raid.

2878:

Issue 22, 3 June 1898, p. 6. Retrieved: 11 March 2012.

2085:, with a stop in Recife. Despite the beginning of the 1680:

and the death of its entire crew under the command of

115:, the German military made extensive use of Zeppelins 4302:"The Zeppelin returns to L.A. skies, after 80 years." 3689:"Leefe Robinson: The man who shot down a Baby Killer" 2815: 107:. Zeppelins were first flown commercially in 1910 by 3086: 2990: 2439:

crashes in an alternate reality where Britain is a '

1041:

Airship raids on Great Britain were approved by the

2629:The figures given total 54. While A. Whitehouse in 993: 767:; most of the crew were captured. Z IV bombed 4292:Sunday, 13 January 2013. Retrieved: 28 April 2013. 2089:and growing competition from fixed-wing aircraft, 1957:and refilled with helium (partly sourced from the 401:The first flight of LZ 1 over Lake Constance (the 4500: 4450:. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. 4237:"The Truth About How Led Zeppelin Got Their Name" 2543:announced that they would replace their fleet of 933:without loss of life and L 4 coming down at 759:. The RNAS had also bombed the Zeppelin bases in 477:Zeppelin LZ 4 with its multiple stabilizers, 1908 6921: 4542:Giants in the Sky: History of the Rigid Airship. 2708: 2497:, Page suggested the group use a picture of the 2217:was used on the transatlantic service alongside 2116: 1950:, calling the new Zeppelin an "angel of peace". 5013:Dark Autumn: The 1916 German Zeppelin Offensive 4797:Danish Post & Tele Museum Zeppelin articles 4510:. trans. Mingos, Howard. New York: J. H. Sears. 4287:"AIRSHIP VENTURES HAS CEASED FLIGHT OPERATIONS" 1668:, believing it was Sheffield: the other bombed 4559:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1971 (3rd ed.). 185:from Germany to North America and Brazil. The 5038: 4307:24 November 2009. Retrieved: 21 January 2010. 4213:"Pinkner and Wyman: the Evil Geniuses behind 3840:Gefahren und Strapazen der Luftschiffeinsätze 3754:, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, p. 182. 3532: 2780:Zeppelin!: Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939 532:(Airship Construction Zeppelin Ltd.) and the 411:Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Luftschiffahrt 4448:Zeppelin! Germany and the Airship, 1900–1939 4205: 3849:, upper platforms with machine-gun positions 3252: 3250: 3171: 3169: 3127: 3125: 3010:""WIRIGHT SEES NO HOPE IN ZEPPELIN AIRSHIP"" 2897: 2895: 2893: 2764:"The Hindenburg's Interior: Passenger Decks" 2372:, features an unsuccessful Zeppelin raid on 1427:and at around 02:15 it was intercepted by a 1154:After an ineffective attack by L 10 on 376: 277:to keep warm and were often miserably cold. 199: 4977:Zeppelin NT in the World and Technical Data 4768:. London: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992. 4710:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 2004. 4680:. Sterling, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2003. 4630:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. pp. 13–15. 4491:Eckener, Hugo, translated by Leigh Fanell. 4380:Air Warfare: An International Encyclopedia. 4367:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University, 2000. 3617:"Lost Edinburgh: Zeppelin Air Raid of 1916" 3424: 3284: 3282: 3280: 1827:Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow 1000:German strategic bombing during World War I 5045: 5031: 4414:The Air Defence of Great Britain 1914–1918 2957: 2955: 2925: 2916: 2907: 2827: 2591:List of airships of the United States Navy 2453:, and have an iconic association with the 2411:. In the American science fiction series, 2038:departed for another daring enterprise: a 1527:L 33 dropped a few incendiaries over 902: 4880:"The Goldbeater, the Cow and the Airship" 4613:Airship: Design, Development and Disaster 4486:25 Years of Zeppelin Airship Construction 3982:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News in Brief. 3247: 3166: 3122: 2890: 2664: 1938:made its first flight on 27 August 1924. 1708: 967:, and in July 1917, the aircraft carrier 880:on 10–11 March 1918. A planned attack on 678:was hired from DELAG as a training ship. 4877: 4477:École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne 4338:4 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012. 4322:3 May 2011. Retrieved: 26 February 2012. 3897: 3277: 2761: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2512: 2223: 2129: 2057: 2022: 1968: 1918: 1861: 1849: 1813:"Plant for the manufacture of hydrogen." 1749: 1586: 1574: 1469: 1467:, killing eight people and injuring 30. 1453: 1445: 1336: 1324: 1313: 1193: 1167:for the Thames, it dropped its bombs on 1003: 906: 828: 706:Crater of a Zeppelin bomb in Paris, 1916 701: 693: 640: 587: 543: 516: 472: 396: 334: 203: 38: 4854: 4837: 4820: 4804:Gøricke, Jan Hybertz (1 January 2006). 4803: 4625: 4521: 4445: 4365:The Selected Letters of D. H. Lawrence. 3914: 3196: 3184: 2952: 2833: 2821: 2770: 2313:, where it was intercepted by a Polish 1916:on 23 August 1921, killing 44 crewmen. 857:. The plan was subsequently abandoned. 14: 6922: 4412:Cole, Christopher and Cheesman, E. F. 4234: 4230: 4228: 4145:Cohen, Norm. "Review: Foreign Music". 3614: 3036:"The Wreck of the Deutschland". News. 2857: 2848: 2743:"A New Generation of Airships Is Born" 2357: 2162:established a new airline directed by 2081:and Recife, and was later extended to 1094:on 9–10 May. LZ 38 also attacked 1090:on 29–30 April and another, attacking 5052: 5026: 4736: 4721:Griehl, Manfred and Joachim Dressel. 4570: 4516:A History of the World War 1914–1918. 4222:20 May 2010. Retrieved: 17 June 2011. 3826: 3217: 2982:"The German Airship Incident". News. 2797: 2685: 2673: 2450:Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow 2236:On 6 May 1937, while landing in 1443:to raise money for wounded soldiers. 1183:: LZ 74 scattered 39 bombs over 1025:explosive ammunition with Buckingham 689: 539: 78: 4855:Iwersen, Malene (1 September 2005). 4598:Zeppelins: German Airships, 1900–40. 4544:Henley-on-Thames, UK: Foulis, 1973. 4495:Count Zeppelin: The Man and His Work 4399:London 1914–17: The Zeppelin Menace. 4260: 4190:from the original on 4 February 2013 3112: 3110: 2776: 2715:China Williams; Becca Blond (2004). 2150:on their fins and occasionally tour 1946:invited Eckener and his crew to the 1840: 1765:At the beginning of the war Captain 698:A German zeppelin bombs Liège in WWI 600:The second DELAG airship, LZ 7 481:Donations, the profits of a special 409:In 1898, Count Zeppelin founded the 4783:. London: Sutton Publishing, 1995. 4725:. London: Arms & Armour, 1990. 4225: 3364:. Flight Aircraft Engineer Magazine 2309:crossed the Polish border near the 24: 4874:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark. 4838:Iwersen, Malene (1 January 2006). 4723:Zeppelin! The German Airship Story 4708:Zeppelin: Rigid Airships 1893–1940 4693:Hindenburg: An Illustrated History 4691:Archbold, Rich and Ken Marschall. 4665: 3430:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 51–55. 2466:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade 2271:, designed to be even larger than 2178:to take over Zeppelin operations. 2012:toured Germany and visited Italy, 1266:described one raid in a letter to 371:producing the technical drawings. 187:spire of the Empire State Building 25: 6971: 4965: 4859:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4842:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4825:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4821:Iwersen, Malene (1 August 2006). 4808:. Post & Tele Museum, Denmark 4184:"By Calypso Our Stories Are Told" 4144: 3799:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 345-6 3651:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 132–4 3587:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, pp118–20 3551:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp. 83–5. 3439:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, pp. 56-8 3384:British Naval Aircraft since 1912 3107: 3051:"German Airship Disaster". News. 2213:. Apart from propaganda flights, 2048:Grace Marguerite Hay Drummond-Hay 1777: 1407:, and the Buckingham filled with 1329:Zeppelin bomb, on display at the 892:, with the loss of all its crew. 596:commemorating the 1910 LZ 7 crash 4695:. New York: Warner Books, 1994. 4518:London: Faber & Faber, 1934. 4341: 4325: 4310: 4295: 4280: 4254: 4176: 4138: 4129: 4120: 4111: 4102: 4093: 4084: 4075: 4066: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4020: 4005: 3997:"U.S. Zeppelin on Trial". News. 3990: 3975: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3908: 3888: 3879: 3870: 3861: 3852: 3832: 3820: 3741:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.180–1 3723:Cole and Cheesman 1984, pp.167–8 3386:. London: Putnam, 4th ed, 1978. 2705:Cole and Cheeseman 1984, p. 449. 2645: 2636: 2623: 2387:Zeppelins are often featured in 2262:was retired one month after the 1833:, Britain, and Belgium in 1920. 994:Bombing campaign against Britain 849:. A preliminary attempt to bomb 465:. Despite this performance, the 330: 70:named after the German inventor 54:airship built in Germany by the 4857:"There is Something in the Air" 4806:"An Airborne Telegraph Station" 4593:, Lulu online publishing, 2017. 4488:, Lulu online publishing, 2013. 4353: 4235:Grimes, A. C. (31 March 2020). 4099:Robinson 1973, pp 291-294. 3811: 3802: 3793: 3784: 3781:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 198. 3775: 3766: 3757: 3735: 3726: 3717: 3708: 3699: 3681: 3672: 3663: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3615:McLean, David (14 April 2014). 3608: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3554: 3545: 3523: 3514: 3505: 3496: 3487: 3478: 3469: 3460: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3415: 3406: 3397: 3376: 3347: 3338: 3329: 3320: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3268: 3259: 3232: 3211: 3202: 3134: 3098: 3077: 3068: 3059: 3044: 3029: 3020: 3016:. 5 September 1909. p. 21. 3002: 2975: 2943: 2934: 2881: 2866: 2839: 2806: 2606:Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen 2581:Buoyancy compensator (aviation) 2062:US Air Mail 1930 picturing the 1953:Given the designation ZR-3 USS 1238:, the first bombs striking the 4261:Kemp, Sam (21 February 2022). 3962:Driggs, Laurence La Tourette. 3669:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 145 3642:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 124 3412:Cole and Cheesman, 1984, p. 24 3239:"Air Raids Again". Editorial. 2755: 2735: 2699: 2138:: note swastikas on tail fins. 1845: 1644:, eventually coming down near 374:Zeppelin's patent described a 13: 1: 4878:Steadman, Mark (1 May 2006). 4434:London: Paragon House, 1991. 4027:"The Zeppelin Flight". News. 3903: 3678:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.149 3596:Cole and Cheesman 1984 p. 122 3520:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 73 3475:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p. 68 2721:. Lonely Planet. p. 86. 2611: 2596:List of Schütte-Lanz airships 2508: 2200:) made its first flight. The 1964: 1318:Zeppelin memorial flagstone, 1198:A commemorative plaque at 61 888:when it caught fire over the 127:resulted in over 500 deaths. 6960:20th-century German aviation 4147:Journal of American Folklore 3926:Robinson 1971, pp. 68-9 (fn) 3732:Cole and Cheesman, pp. 174–6 3448:Cole and Cheesman 1984, p.60 3288: 3147:, 1962 edition published by 2658: 1343:National Physical Laboratory 123:. Numerous bombing raids on 7: 6940:Vehicles introduced in 1900 4979:(archived 20 December 2008) 4575:. London: Neil Richardson. 4571:Smith, Peter J. C. (1991). 4446:de Syon, Guillaume (2001). 4382:Santa Barbara, California: 4135:Robinson 1973, p. 296. 3790:Cole and Cheesman, pp 250-4 2901: 2777:Syon, Guillaume de (2007). 2569: 2472:In 1968, English rock band 2380:. In 1934, the calypsonian 2142:The coming to power of the 1705:, and shot down in flames. 1474:L32 Great Burstead Memorial 634:(1913). By the outbreak of 529:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH 216:, the magenta elements are 109:Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG 58:(Zeppelin Airship Company) 10: 6976: 6935:Brands that became generic 4896: 4600:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2004. 4401:Oxford, UK: Osprey, 2008. 4126:Robinson 1973, p. 295 4117:Robinson 1974, p. 295 4108:Robinson 1974, p. 294 4090:Robinson 1973, p. 285 4081:Robinson 1973, p. 282 4012:"Largest Zeppelin". News. 3964:"The Fall Of The Airship." 3578:Cole and Cheeseman, p. 110 3466:Cole and Cheesman pp. 64-7 3218:March, Francis A. (1919). 2783:. JHU Press. p. 130. 2670:Eckener 1938, pp. 155–157. 2169:Deutsche Zeppelin Reederei 2123: 1739:240 hp (180 kW) 1672:in the belief that it was 997: 957:Curtiss H.12 Large America 801:for negotiations with the 325: 29: 6910: 6865: 6839: 6783: 6707: 6694: 6358: 6220: 6132: 6015: 6006: 5976: 5935: 5909: 5888: 5827: 5791: 5770: 5749: 5651: 5578: 5455: 5434: 5416: 5345: 5324: 5306: 5292: 5274: 5233: 5212: 5186: 5165: 5147: 5126: 5105: 5087: 5074: 5061: 4573:Zeppelins over Lancashire 4432:Zeppelins of World War I. 3935:Liddell Hart 1934, p. 76. 3867:Robinson 1973, pp. 95-100 3838:University of Constance. 3817:Robinson 1971, pp. 308-13 3660:Cole and Cheesman, p. 139 3569:Robinson 1971, pp. 129–30 3274:Robinson 1971, pp. 248-53 1478:L 32 was piloted by 1331:National Museum of Flight 942:Battle of the Dogger Bank 200:Principal characteristics 32:Zeppelin (disambiguation) 4993:12 November 2014 at the 4882:. Post & Tele Museum 4840:"The Airship is Coming!" 4766:The Deltoid Pumpkin Seed 4615:. London: Conway, 2012. 4416:. London: Putnam, 1984. 4378:Boyne, Walter J. et al. 3944:Robinson 1973, pp. 257-8 3858:Robinson 1973, pp. 89-90 3355:"The Brock Bullet Claim" 3344:Robinson 1971, pp. 243–4 3326:Robinson 1971, pp. 233-5 3221:History of the World War 2971:: 1076. 30 October 1914. 2616: 2429:The Rise of the Cybermen 2349:ordered LZ 127 and 1718:and the stress engineer 1228:Liverpool Street station 1189:Fenchurch Street station 146:, which also prohibited 6955:20th century in Germany 6950:Aviation in World War I 4557:The Zeppelin in Combat. 3894:Robinson 1973, pp. 93-4 3885:Robinson 1973, pp.127–8 3403:Robinson 1971, pp. 55-6 3308:Robinson 1971, pp. 81-2 3299:Robinson 1971, pp. 83-4 2495:self-titled debut album 2476:chose their name after 2460:Kiki's Delivery Service 2069:In the following year, 2044:William Randolph Hearst 1929:over southern Manhattan 1654: 1593:Camberwell Old Cemetery 1570: 1547:by three aircraft from 1419:dropped a few bombs on 1417:Schütte-Lanz SL 11 1295:guns were converted to 1282: 1057: 911:A Zeppelin flying over 903:1914–1918 naval patrols 4737:Jones, H. A. (2009) . 4589:Schiller, Hans von. – 4050:Swinfield 2012, p. 239 3904:Lehmann, The Zeppelins 3876:Robinson 1973, pp335–6 3705:Robinson 1971 pp 172–9 3542:5 February 1916, p. 7. 3538:"Damage in the Raid." 3529:Boulton, 2000, p. 106. 3484:Robinson 1971, p. 384. 3175:Robinson 1973, pp.86-7 3104:Robinson 1971, p. 378. 2863:Dooley 2004, p. A.191. 2854:Dooley 2004, p. A.193. 2803:Dooley 2004, p. A.183. 2762:Grossman, Dan (2009). 2696:Dooley 2004, p. A.190. 2682:Dooley 2004, p. A.187. 2586:Lane hydrogen producer 2523:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin 2518: 2233: 2139: 2066: 2031: 1979: 1930: 1871: 1859: 1762: 1709:Technological progress 1689:Führer der Luftschiffe 1596: 1584: 1475: 1459: 1451: 1433:William Leefe Robinson 1345: 1334: 1322: 1280: 1203: 1114:and then north toward 1009: 918: 834: 707: 699: 649:On 24 April 1912, the 646: 630:(1912) and LZ 17 597: 552: 522: 478: 406: 377: 345:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 340: 339:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 247:made from cattle gut. 223: 208:The pink ovals depict 174:, and the even larger 72:Ferdinand von Zeppelin 59: 56:Luftschiffbau Zeppelin 6883:Fliegende Panzerfaust 6840:Zeppelin Flugzeugebau 4905:U.S. patent 0,621,195 4823:"Fascination goes on" 4596:Stephenson, Charles. 4555:Robinson, Douglas H. 4540:Robinson, Douglas H. 4072:Robinson 1973, p. 283 4041:Swinfield 2012, p.237 3953:Robinson 1973, p. 259 3808:Robinson 1971, p. 308 3763:Robinson 1971, p. 389 3752:The Zeppelin Fighters 3714:Robinson 1971, p. 179 3560:Robinson 1971, p. 128 3511:Robinson 1971, p. 117 3265:Robinson 1973, p. 126 3256:Robinson 1973, p. 113 3151:, 1980 p.b. edition, 3065:Robinson 1973, p. 331 3026:Robinson 1973, p. 57. 2845:Robinson 1973 pp.15-6 2631:The Zeppelin Fighters 2516: 2297:border, first in the 2285:Graf Zeppelin II 2278:Graf Zeppelin II 2227: 2185:On 4 March 1936 2172:, as a subsidiary of 2133: 2061: 2026: 1982:With the delivery of 1972: 1922: 1865: 1853: 1753: 1590: 1578: 1518:Great Burstead Church 1491:before crossing over 1473: 1457: 1449: 1340: 1328: 1317: 1272: 1268:Lady Ottoline Morrell 1197: 1027:incendiary ammunition 1007: 998:Further information: 910: 832: 705: 697: 644: 591: 547: 521:Wreckage of LZ 4 520: 476: 400: 338: 207: 183:transatlantic flights 80:[ˈt͡sɛpəliːn] 76:German pronunciation: 42: 4672:Althoff, William F. 4514:Liddell Hart, B. H. 3772:Robinson 1971, p.208 3605:Robinson 1971 p. 137 3502:Robinson 1971 p. 109 3457:Robinson 1971, p. 77 3421:Robinson 1971, p. 67 3335:Robinson 1971, p.241 3317:Robinson 1971, p 350 3208:Robinson 1973, p. 94 3095:Robinson 1971, p. 25 3083:Robinson 1971, p 21. 3074:Robinson 1973, p. 62 2999:Robinson 1971, p. 15 2963:"Germany's Airships" 2949:Robinson 1971, p. 14 2940:de Syon 2001, p. 38. 2931:de Syon 2001, p. 35. 2922:de Syon 2001, p. 26. 2913:de Syon 2001, p. 25. 2887:Robinson 1971, p. 13 2287:was assigned to the 2194:President of Germany 2192:(named after former 1788:Treaty of Versailles 1786:. Specifically, the 1579:1917 watercolour by 765:Battle of Tannenberg 651:Imperial German Navy 557:Imperial German Army 349:Heinrich von Stephan 144:Treaty of Versailles 30:For other uses, see 4470:Part II: Appendices 3845:4 June 2008 at the 3695:. 3 September 2016. 3131:Robinson 1973, p.85 2358:Cultural influences 2198:Paul von Hindenburg 2120:, the end of an era 1760:Imperial War Museum 1224:St Paul's Cathedral 690:During World War I 664:lost on 9 September 610:Deutschland II 534:Zeppelin Foundation 439:Luftschiff Zeppelin 280:By the time of the 235:, a combination of 95:in 1895 and in the 4650:Dorling Kindersley 4220:Los Angeles Times, 4063:1952, pp. 275–300. 4059:Koestler, Arthur. 3750:Whitehouse, Arch, 3493:Cross 1991, p. 35. 3289:Lehmann Chapter VI 3014:The New York Times 2904:, pp. A.197–A.198. 2876:Die Welt (Vienna), 2812:Robinson 1973 p.13 2519: 2443:' and Pete Tyler, 2419:parallel universes 2398:His Dark Materials 2247:static electricity 2234: 2140: 2067: 2032: 1980: 1978:under construction 1931: 1872: 1860: 1763: 1597: 1585: 1581:Felix Schwormstädt 1541:R33-class airships 1505:Bock & Pomeroy 1476: 1460: 1452: 1405:potassium chlorate 1346: 1335: 1323: 1305:Royal Flying Corps 1204: 1145:R. A. J. Warneford 1010: 963:were delivered to 919: 890:Straits of Otranto 866:German East Africa 847:Courland Peninsula 835: 708: 700: 655:Alfred von Tirpitz 647: 598: 553: 540:Before World War I 523: 479: 407: 361:American Civil War 341: 229:non-rigid airships 224: 156:United States Navy 60: 52:United States Navy 27:Rigid airship type 6917: 6916: 6906: 6905: 6690: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6002: 6001: 4774:978-0-374-51635-2 4750:978-1-84342-414-7 4658:978-0-7195-6245-7 4591:The Zeppelin Book 4550:978-0-85429-145-8 4502:Lehmann, Ernst A. 4407:978-1-84603-245-5 4373:978-0-52177-799-5 4361:Boulton, James T. 4290:Airship Ventures, 4061:Arrow in the Blue 3199:, pp. 13–15. 3187:, pp. 45–46. 2728:978-1-74104-125-5 2601:List of Zeppelins 2484:, told guitarist 2441:People's Republic 2427:in the episodes " 2393:parallel universe 2389:alternate history 2299:Sudeten mountains 2126:LZ 129 Hindenburg 1908:, and buying the 1841:After World War I 1758:preserved at the 1701:piloted by Major 1624:, Manchester and 1537:Little Wigborough 1393:R-class Zeppelins 1220:Smithfield Market 1084:P class Zeppelins 976:Terschelling Bank 788:collateral damage 659:Kaiser Wilhelm II 245:goldbeater's skin 212:cells inside the 181:operated regular 16:(Redirected from 6967: 6708:Zeppelin-Staaken 6705: 6704: 6695:Heavier-than-air 6066:Graf Zeppelin II 6013: 6012: 5085: 5084: 5072: 5071: 5062:Lighter-than-air 5047: 5040: 5033: 5024: 5023: 4959: 4958: 4954: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4933: 4932: 4928: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4834: 4832: 4830: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4779:Mowthorpe, Ces. 4761: 4759: 4757: 4641: 4586: 4537: 4511: 4484:Dürr, Ludwig. – 4464:Dooley, Sean C. 4461: 4348: 4345: 4339: 4329: 4323: 4314: 4308: 4299: 4293: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4267:Far Out Magazine 4258: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4232: 4223: 4211:Hanson, Andrew. 4209: 4203: 4202: 4197: 4195: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4064: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4042: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3994: 3988: 3987: 3979: 3973: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3901: 3895: 3892: 3886: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3868: 3865: 3859: 3856: 3850: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3818: 3815: 3809: 3806: 3800: 3797: 3791: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3761: 3755: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3733: 3730: 3724: 3721: 3715: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3696: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3634: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3612: 3606: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3588: 3585: 3579: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3552: 3549: 3543: 3536: 3530: 3527: 3521: 3518: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3494: 3491: 3485: 3482: 3476: 3473: 3467: 3464: 3458: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3431: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3404: 3401: 3395: 3382:Thetford, Owen. 3380: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3362:flightglobal.com 3359: 3351: 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3315: 3309: 3306: 3300: 3297: 3291: 3286: 3275: 3272: 3266: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3245: 3244: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3173: 3164: 3149:Constable and Co 3141:Tuchman, Barbara 3138: 3132: 3129: 3120: 3114: 3105: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3057: 3056: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3033: 3027: 3024: 3018: 3017: 3006: 3000: 2997: 2988: 2987: 2979: 2973: 2972: 2959: 2950: 2947: 2941: 2938: 2932: 2929: 2923: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2905: 2899: 2888: 2885: 2879: 2870: 2864: 2861: 2855: 2852: 2846: 2843: 2837: 2831: 2825: 2819: 2813: 2810: 2804: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2759: 2753: 2752: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2712: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2694: 2683: 2680: 2671: 2668: 2652: 2649: 2643: 2640: 2634: 2627: 2530:Airship Ventures 2521:Since the 1990s 2433:The Age of Steel 2404:The Book of Dust 2087:Great Depression 2040:circumnavigation 2034:In August 1929, 1887:LZ 121 Nordstern 1767:Ernst A. Lehmann 1682:Fregattenkapitän 1497:Frederick Sowrey 1031:fighter aircraft 862:Lettow-Vorbeck's 839:Saint Petersburg 592:A monument near 583:were given names 380: 304: 90: 89: 88: 82: 77: 21: 6975: 6974: 6970: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6920: 6919: 6918: 6913: 6902: 6861: 6835: 6784:Zeppelin-Lindau 6779: 6696: 6682: 6360: 6354: 6222: 6216: 6134: 6128: 6008: 5998: 5972: 5931: 5905: 5884: 5823: 5787: 5766: 5745: 5647: 5574: 5451: 5430: 5412: 5341: 5320: 5302: 5288: 5270: 5229: 5208: 5182: 5161: 5143: 5122: 5101: 5079: 5077: 5063: 5057: 5051: 4995:Wayback Machine 4968: 4963: 4956: 4950: 4943: 4937: 4930: 4924: 4917: 4911: 4903: 4899: 4894: 4885: 4883: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4843: 4828: 4826: 4811: 4809: 4799: 4794: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4706:Brooks, Peter. 4668: 4666:Further reading 4663: 4646:First World War 4644:Willmott, H.P. 4638: 4583: 4534: 4474:THÈSE NO 2986. 4458: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4342: 4330: 4326: 4315: 4311: 4300: 4296: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4259: 4255: 4245: 4243: 4233: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4193: 4191: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4125: 4121: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4103: 4098: 4094: 4089: 4085: 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4045: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3995: 3991: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3857: 3853: 3847:Wayback Machine 3837: 3833: 3825: 3821: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3798: 3794: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3749: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3687: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3627: 3625: 3613: 3609: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3573: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3555: 3550: 3546: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3479: 3474: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3447: 3443: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3425: 3420: 3416: 3411: 3407: 3402: 3398: 3381: 3377: 3367: 3365: 3357: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3343: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3294: 3287: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3264: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3183: 3179: 3174: 3167: 3153:Macmillan Press 3139: 3135: 3130: 3123: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3082: 3078: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3060: 3050: 3049: 3045: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3021: 3008: 3007: 3003: 2998: 2991: 2981: 2980: 2976: 2961: 2960: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2926: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2900: 2891: 2886: 2882: 2871: 2867: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2807: 2802: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2771: 2766:. Airships.net. 2760: 2756: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2700: 2695: 2686: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2572: 2511: 2421:, also used in 2360: 2232:on fire in 1937 2209:with flammable 2156:Joseph Goebbels 2128: 2122: 1967: 1944:Calvin Coolidge 1848: 1843: 1780: 1771:observation car 1756:observation car 1711: 1693:Royal Air Force 1657: 1573: 1549:No. 39 Squadron 1360:fishing trawler 1285: 1216:Kapitänleutnant 1200:Farringdon Road 1108:Stoke Newington 1060: 1002: 996: 965:RNAS Felixstowe 905: 692: 542: 423:Friedrichshafen 333: 328: 302: 202: 140:Friedrichshafen 84: 83: 75: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6973: 6963: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6915: 6914: 6911: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6901: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6869: 6867: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6843: 6841: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6787: 6785: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6767: 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6009:identification 6004: 6003: 6000: 5999: 5997: 5996: 5993: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5980: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5906: 5904: 5903: 5898: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5837: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5795: 5793: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5780: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5764: 5759: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5657: 5655: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5576: 5575: 5573: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5461: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5411: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 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Lawrence 1240:Lyceum Theatre 1149:Victoria Cross 1068:Great Yarmouth 1059: 1056: 1048:dead reckoning 995: 992: 946:Admiral Hipper 904: 901: 753:Reginald Marix 691: 688: 621:Viktoria Luise 578:Orville Wright 541: 538: 427:Lake Constance 332: 329: 327: 324: 201: 198: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6972: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6927: 6925: 6909: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6788: 6786: 6782: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6700: 6693: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 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4720: 4717: 4716:0-85177-845-3 4713: 4709: 4705: 4702: 4701:0-446-51784-4 4698: 4694: 4690: 4687: 4686:1-57488-620-7 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4670: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4637:0-81533-351-X 4633: 4629: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4606:1-84176-692-5 4603: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4582:1-85216-066-7 4578: 4574: 4569: 4566: 4565:0 85429 130 X 4562: 4558: 4554: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4520: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4457:0-8018-6734-7 4453: 4449: 4444: 4441: 4440:1-56619-390-7 4437: 4433: 4429: 4428:Cross, Wilbur 4426: 4423: 4422:0-370-30538-8 4419: 4415: 4411: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4397:Castle, Ian. 4396: 4393: 4392:1-57607-345-9 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4344: 4337: 4336:The Register, 4334: 4331:Page, Lewis. 4328: 4321: 4320:airships.net, 4318: 4313: 4306: 4303: 4298: 4291: 4288: 4283: 4268: 4264: 4257: 4242: 4238: 4231: 4229: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4208: 4201: 4189: 4185: 4179: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4062: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4030: 4023: 4015: 4008: 4000: 3993: 3985: 3978: 3971: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3905: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3864: 3855: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3835: 3829:, p. 34. 3828: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3753: 3747: 3738: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3694: 3690: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3611: 3602: 3593: 3584: 3575: 3566: 3557: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3427: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3393: 3392:0-370-30021-1 3389: 3385: 3379: 3363: 3356: 3350: 3341: 3332: 3323: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3290: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3271: 3262: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3235: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3214: 3205: 3198: 3193: 3186: 3181: 3172: 3170: 3162: 3161:0-333-30516-7 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3128: 3126: 3119: 3113: 3111: 3101: 3092: 3090: 3080: 3071: 3062: 3054: 3047: 3039: 3032: 3023: 3015: 3011: 3005: 2996: 2994: 2985: 2978: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2958: 2956: 2946: 2937: 2928: 2919: 2910: 2903: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2884: 2877: 2874: 2869: 2860: 2851: 2842: 2836:, p. 18. 2835: 2830: 2824:, p. 15. 2823: 2818: 2809: 2800: 2792: 2790:9780801886348 2786: 2782: 2781: 2773: 2765: 2758: 2750: 2749: 2744: 2738: 2730: 2724: 2720: 2719: 2711: 2702: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2679: 2677: 2667: 2663: 2648: 2639: 2632: 2626: 2622: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2539:In May 2011, 2537: 2535: 2531: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2506: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2480:, drummer of 2479: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2400: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2370:Howard Hughes 2367: 2366: 2365:Hell's Angels 2355: 2352: 2348: 2343: 2340: 2337: 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Retrieved 3361: 3349: 3340: 3331: 3322: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3270: 3261: 3240: 3234: 3220: 3213: 3204: 3197:Tilford 1996 3192: 3185:Madison 2005 3180: 3144: 3136: 3116:Boyne 2002, 3100: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3046: 3037: 3031: 3022: 3013: 3004: 2983: 2977: 2966: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2918: 2909: 2883: 2875: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2834:de Syon 2001 2829: 2822:de Syon 2001 2817: 2808: 2799: 2779: 2772: 2757: 2746: 2737: 2717: 2710: 2701: 2666: 2647: 2638: 2630: 2625: 2551: 2549: 2538: 2527: 2520: 2501:crashing in 2498: 2474:Led Zeppelin 2471: 2464: 2458: 2448: 2422: 2412: 2402: 2401:trilogy and 2396: 2386: 2364: 2361: 2350: 2346: 2344: 2322: 2306: 2288: 2284: 2283: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2241: 2235: 2229: 2218: 2214: 2206: 2201: 2188: 2184: 2180:Hugo Eckener 2173: 2167: 2141: 2135: 2117: 2099: 2090: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2051: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2009: 2001: 1995: 1992: 1987: 1983: 1981: 1974: 1958: 1954: 1952: 1940: 1932: 1925: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1881: 1876:Hugo Eckener 1873: 1867: 1855: 1835: 1824: 1806: 1781: 1764: 1745: 1737: 1733: 1728:Schütte-Lanz 1712: 1688: 1681: 1677: 1658: 1650: 1638:Hither Green 1618: 1610: 1602: 1598: 1591:Memorial in 1553: 1545: 1526: 1514: 1480:Oberleutnant 1479: 1477: 1461: 1413: 1397: 1390: 1381:Forth Bridge 1364: 1347: 1301:Searchlights 1290: 1286: 1273: 1261: 1232: 1215: 1212:Skinningrove 1205: 1153: 1125: 1105: 1080: 1061: 1040: 1029:was used in 1011: 982: 970: 961:flying boats 954: 950: 939: 920: 914: 897:Tondern raid 894: 859: 836: 792: 784: 773: 713: 709: 680: 675: 648: 631: 626: 620: 615: 609: 601: 599: 571: 561: 554: 549: 527: 524: 507:Echterdingen 495: 480: 467:shareholders 462: 455: 438: 430: 410: 408: 402: 384: 375: 373: 365: 342: 312: 306: 299: 297: 292: 288: 281: 279: 275: 264: 256:Schütte-Lanz 249: 225: 217: 191: 177: 169: 164: 160: 129: 100: 63: 61: 46: 36: 6945:Air freight 6162:Ersatz Z II 6088:Los Angeles 6031:Deutschland 5007:Zeppelin NT 4676:Los Angeles 3968:The Outlook 3145:August 1914 2902:Dooley 2004 2560:Edelweiss's 2534:Zeppelin NT 2517:Zeppelin NT 2490:Peter Grant 2435:" when the 2378:World War I 2351:LZ 130 2323:LZ 130 2307:LZ 130 2269:LZ 131 2215:LZ 129 1955:Los Angeles 1948:White House 1936:LZ 126 1926:Los Angeles 1846:Renaissance 1800:Article 202 1794:Article 198 1784:reparations 1616:, Suffolk. 1425:Ponders End 1373:Cleethorpes 1309:Ranken dart 1276:like Milton 1169:Walthamstow 1116:Leytonstone 1076:King's Lynn 988:Sopwith Pup 959:long-range 817:and bombed 795:Szentandras 751:by Flt Lt. 733:Z VIII 684:Maybach C-X 645:LZ 18 (L 2) 636:World War I 602:Deutschland 550:Deutschland 447:bevel gears 419:Ludwig Dürr 262:tail fins. 152:one airship 113:World War I 47:Los Angeles 6924:Categories 6699:aeroplanes 6147:Ersatz Z I 6073:Hindenburg 6007:Operator's 4952:US 1724009 4939:US 1474517 4926:US 1449721 4913:US 1217657 4756:7 February 4648:. London: 4533:1851094202 4272:2 February 4246:2 February 3827:Smith 1991 3540:The Times, 2612:References 2556:fuel cells 2552:Hindenburg 2536:airships. 2509:Modern era 2503:New Jersey 2499:Hindenburg 2486:Jimmy Page 2478:Keith Moon 2445:Rose Tyler 2424:Doctor Who 2407:series by 2336:Chain Home 2332:Scapa Flow 2328:Portsmouth 2301:region of 2273:Hindenburg 2264:Hindenburg 2242:Hindenburg 2230:Hindenburg 2207:Hindenburg 2202:Hindenburg 2189:Hindenburg 2144:Nazi Party 2136:Hindenburg 2118:Hindenburg 1965:Golden age 1959:Shenandoah 1905:Shenandoah 1716:Paul Jaray 1674:Birmingham 1662:Hartlepool 1634:Camberwell 1630:Piccadilly 1409:phosphorus 1401:Lewis guns 1165:Lea Valley 1072:Sheringham 864:forces in 780:Poperinghe 749:Düsseldorf 729:Z VII 672:LZ 18 668:Heligoland 357:Union Army 307:Hindenburg 293:Hindenburg 283:Hindenburg 192:Hindenburg 178:Hindenburg 117:as bombers 6930:Zeppelins 6102:Nordstern 4305:LA Times, 4194:9 January 4029:The Times 4014:The Times 3999:The Times 3984:The Times 3368:12 August 3241:The Times 3053:The Times 3038:The Times 2984:The Times 2659:Citations 2455:steampunk 2347:Luftwaffe 2290:Luftwaffe 2238:Lakehurst 2175:Lufthansa 2079:Frankfurt 2014:Palestine 2006:Lakehurst 1924:ZR-3 USS 1903:ZR-1 USS 1891:Stockholm 1868:Nordstern 1743:engines. 1626:Liverpool 1622:Sheffield 1614:Theberton 1557:Lowestoft 1529:Upminster 1485:Sevenoaks 1441:Red Cross 1356:L 19 1320:Edinburgh 1248:Tonbridge 1244:Guildford 1210:plant at 1177:Southwark 1161:Zeebrugge 1128:Gravesend 1110:south to 1052:blackouts 981:HMS 969:HMS 923:North Sea 913:SMS 874:L 59 870:L 57 855:Seerappen 819:Bucharest 803:Bulgarian 741:Z IX 717:Z VI 606:Bad Iburg 594:Bad Iburg 567:Lunéville 511:Stuttgart 463:La France 405:) in 1900 388:Carl Berg 260:cruciform 237:aluminium 233:duralumin 121:as scouts 18:Zeppelins 6116:Schwaben 6024:Bodensee 5936:Post-war 5066:airships 5056:aircraft 5054:Zeppelin 4991:Archived 4652:, 2003. 4504:(1927). 4386:, 2002. 4384:ABC-Clio 4188:Archived 3843:Archived 3693:BBC News 2570:See also 2541:Goodyear 2251:sabotage 2211:hydrogen 1882:Bodensee 1856:Bodensee 1724:Mannheim 1670:Coventry 1646:Sisteron 1493:Purfleet 1351:Midlands 1256:Hertford 1202:, London 1185:Cheshunt 1181:Woolwich 1173:Cuxhaven 1156:Tyneside 1120:D notice 1100:Ramsgate 1092:Southend 983:Yarmouth 925:and the 915:Seydlitz 843:Wainoden 823:Ploiești 807:Salonika 623:(1912), 616:Schwaben 451:nacelles 437:(LZ for 431:Bodensee 403:Bodensee 353:envelope 320:buoyancy 315:Blau gas 271:gondolas 210:hydrogen 194:disaster 154:for the 105:airships 101:zeppelin 64:Zeppelin 6898:ZSO 523 6893:ZMe 423 6888:ZMe 323 6735:VGO.III 6221:Army LZ 6109:Sachsen 6052:Esperia 6045:Dixmude 5977:Unbuilt 5910:X Class 5889:W Class 5828:V Class 5792:U Class 5771:T Class 5750:S Class 5653:R Class 5580:Q Class 5457:P Class 5435:O Class 5418:N Class 5346:M Class 5325:L Class 5308:K Class 5299:skipped 5293:J Class 5276:I Class 5234:H Class 5213:G Class 5187:F Class 5166:E Class 5149:D Class 5127:C Class 5106:B Class 5089:A Class 5080:numbers 4897:Patents 3143:(1962) 3118:p. 256. 2482:The Who 2431:" and " 2376:during 2303:Silesia 2187:LZ 129 2152:Germany 2016:, and 1880:LZ 120 1741:Maybach 1726:-based 1699:biplane 1565:Tondern 1561:Ahlhorn 1489:Swanley 1437:Cuffley 1293:calibre 1252:Croydon 1208:benzole 1141:Belgium 1112:Stepney 1088:Ipswich 1019:Pomeroy 971:Furious 845:on the 811:Romania 761:Cologne 745:Antwerp 743:bombed 719:bombed 676:Sachsen 632:Sachsen 483:lottery 457:6 443:Daimler 326:History 267:engines 219:Blaugas 176:LZ 129 163:LZ 127 148:Germany 125:Britain 93:Germany 6878:Rammer 6821:Rs.III 6775:E.4/20 6730:VGO.II 6359:Navy L 6350:LZ 120 6345:LZ 113 6340:LZ 111 6335:LZ 107 6330:LZ 103 6325:LZ 101 6192:Z VIII 6133:Army Z 5992:LZ 128 5968:LZ 130 5963:LZ 129 5958:LZ 127 5953:LZ 126 5948:LZ 121 5943:LZ 120 5927:LZ 114 5922:LZ 113 5917:LZ 112 5901:LZ 104 5896:LZ 102 5880:LZ 111 5875:LZ 110 5870:LZ 109 5865:LZ 108 5860:LZ 107 5855:LZ 106 5850:LZ 105 5845:LZ 103 5840:LZ 101 5835:LZ 100 4957: 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