22:
178:: "Exile, the strong affinity with French and British culture, the sense of Poland as a place lost to Russian power, the remorseless effort to keep working and writing in environments less than perfect – these things bind Mr. Najder to Conrad…." Said went on to laud the book, asserting that "It is correct, I think, to say that what we get in it is the first, almost rigidly
242:
a document purportedly written by Najder in 1958, stating that he would cooperate with the
Communist secret police. Urban was accused and convicted of violating Poland's state secrets act. Najder denied ever having worked with the police, though he admitted that they had contacted him. Because Poland
182:
portrait we have had of him, with the discrepancies and contradictions of fact, character and esthetic laid out starkly, the impossibilities of situation left unadorned, the inexplicable vagaries of career and temperament encouraged to speak for themselves more powerfully than ever before." The book
65:
Educated in Poland and
England, Najder had worked as a professor in Poland and abroad before his exile from Poland in 1981. During most of that exile, he worked for Radio Free Europe. Sentenced to death in absentia in his native land, he did not return to Poland until the overthrow of its communist
259:
position as a professor of
English literature. In 2009 Najder was awarded by the Committee for French-German-Polish Cooperation (Weimar Triangle) - together with Ambassador Stéphane Hessel (France) and Countess Freya von Moltke (Germany) - with the Adam Mickiewicz Prize for merits in the
247:
process as did
Germany, for instance, it is often the case that persons accused of having cooperated with the secret police (a paid, voluntary activity) deny it. However, in 2005 it was finally revealed that Najder had indeed worked for the secret police, under the code name
69:
Najder's 1983 biography of Conrad, substantially revised in 2007, is regarded as a definitive work in Conrad scholarship. He was married to the Polish-British literary translator,
464:
375:
560:
891:
906:
886:
94:(1959–1969), earning doctoral degrees in philosophy and Polish literature. He added a second doctoral degree in Polish literature in Poland in 1978.
221:. Najder's conviction for treason and espionage was overturned. Najder returned to his homeland, serving as a key adviser to Lech Wałęsa during his
871:
784:
866:
758:
646:
152:, and launched a program that envisioned the country without communism: "The Poland that Could Be". Najder remained with RFE until 1987.
494:
170:) described it as "four decades of biographical and critical research". In 1983, Najder published a definitive biography of Conrad,
856:
141:, accusing Najder of spying for United States intelligence services. Two years later, he was stripped of his Polish citizenship.
901:
896:
131:(RFE), becoming chief of its Polish-language section in April 1982. In response, the Polish government under the leadership of
701:
353:
334:
315:
198:(Camden House). The rewrite included substantial new content reflecting Najder's continued research into Conrad's biography.
881:
620:
589:
876:
430:
281:
728:
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French-German-Polish reconciliation. Laudatio: Professor Rita
Suessmuth, former President of the German Bundestag.
207:
187:, "instantly a key work in Conrad studies", while Najder himself earned renown as a pre-eminent Conrad scholar.
97:
Najder taught at Warsaw
University as a professor of literature, co-edited the Polish monthly literary journal
91:
810:
861:
846:
160:
Najder's interest in Polish-born author Joseph Conrad long predates his exile; in 1998, Barry
Langford for
851:
43:; 31 October 1930 – 15 February 2021) was a Polish literary historian, critic, and political activist.
502:
108:
469:
255:
In addition to his political activities in Poland, Najder also returned to Polish academia, taking a
533:
218:
594:
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225:(1990–95) and a senior adviser to Jan Olszewski during his term as prime minister (1991–92).
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137:
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87:
59:
811:
Paweł Machcewicz, Andrzej
Paczkowski - "Tajny agent". "Rzeczpospolita" nr 236 z 2005
99:
678:. Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media (CHNM) at George Mason University
149:
51:
789:
271:
39:
148:
recruited for such an RFE role, Najder influenced RFE to more sharply criticize
127:. Choosing not to return to his native land, he took a position in Germany with
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238:
830:
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70:
55:
47:
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Polish professor of literature, historian and political advisor (1930–2021)
671:
785:"In 'Funny, Terrifying' Twist, Polish Journalists Defend the Unthinkable"
529:
229:
210:
175:
244:
179:
21:
206:
In 1989 Poland's communist government was voted out of power, and the
233:
190:
In addition to other publications on Conrad, in 2007 Najder rewrote
58:, and for having served as chief of the Polish-language section of
174:(Smithmark), which drew comparisons of the two by literary critic
759:"Warsaw Journal;Poland's Free Press Hero? Or Editor in Mischief?"
86:
Born in Warsaw, Poland, on 31 October 1930, Najder studied at
389:
297:
376:
Nie żyje Zdzisław Najder, były dyrektor Radia Wolna Europa
228:
In 1992 he became central to a controversy in Poland when
465:"Radio Liberty Gets a Feeling of Shackles on Its Freedom"
66:
regime, whereupon he became an active political adviser.
647:"Evolution in Europe: Will Poles Scuttle Economic Plan?"
495:"Polish Court Decrees Death For Radio Free Europe Aide"
123:
on 13 December 1981, Najder was a visiting scholar at
50:, for his periods of service as political adviser to
702:"Press Community in Solidarity With Banned Editor"
303:
327:Conrad in Perspective: Essays on Art and Fidelity
828:
672:"US Reaction to a New Prime Minister in Poland"
821:Committee for French-German-Polish Cooperation
621:"Still Potent Force in the Art of Darkness"
892:Academic staff of the University of Warsaw
46:He was primarily known for his studies on
907:People associated with Kultura (magazine)
752:
750:
644:
638:
695:
693:
587:
553:
20:
782:
645:Engelberg, Stephen (28 November 1990).
458:
456:
392:"In Memoriam Halina Najder (1926-2017)"
872:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty people
829:
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747:
614:
612:
524:
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390:Adamowicz-Pośpiech, Agnieszka (2017).
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887:Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford
867:People sentenced to death in absentia
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183:became, according to Richard Hand in
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38:
729:"Pact with Russia Angers Some Poles"
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528:
453:
609:
517:
463:Casey, Andrew (25 September 1984).
13:
581:
561:"Polish Court Sentences Pacifists"
484:
414:
121:martial law was declared in Poland
111:' Institute for Literary Studies.
14:
918:
783:Hundley, Tom (18 February 1996).
757:Perlez, Jane (27 February 1996).
306:Conrad under Familial Eyes: Texts
619:Hand, Richard (5 October 2007).
588:Langford, Barry (19 June 1998).
857:Polish male non-fiction writers
815:
804:
776:
721:
664:
236:Polish weekly tabloid magazine
201:
590:"Ancient Views on the Mariner"
569:. 24 December 1985. p. 15
383:
369:
329:. Cambridge University Press.
310:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
902:Polish expatriates in Germany
897:Polish expatriates in England
700:Nival, Anne (22 March 1996).
363:
81:
252:" (Polish for " lighter").
7:
882:University of Warsaw alumni
435:Hoover Institution Archives
107:), and was a member of the
92:St Antony's College, Oxford
40:[ˈʑd͡ʑiswafˈnajdɛr]
10:
923:
676:Making the History of 1989
534:"The Remaking of a Writer"
503:United Press International
396:Yearbook of Conrad Studies
273:Joseph Conrad: A Chronicle
192:Joseph Conrad: A Chronicle
172:Joseph Conrad: A Chronicle
109:Polish Academy of Sciences
470:The Sydney Morning Herald
344:Najder, Zdzisław (2007).
325:Najder, Zdzisław (1997).
270:Najder, Zdzisław (1983).
243:never experienced a full
150:Poland's communist regime
144:The first citizen of the
877:Polish radio journalists
114:
135:condemned him to death
76:
625:Times Higher Education
595:Times Higher Education
163:Times Higher Education
28:
346:Joseph Conrad: A Life
300:Halina Carroll-Najder
196:Joseph Conrad: A Life
71:Halina Carroll-Najder
36:Polish pronunciation:
24:
532:(11 December 1983).
441:on 15 September 2006
862:Writers from Warsaw
847:Polish male writers
264:Select bibliography
257:University of Opole
133:Wojciech Jaruzelski
90:(1949–1954) and at
852:Polish biographers
763:The New York Times
733:The New York Times
707:Transitions Online
651:The New York Times
539:The New York Times
499:The New York Times
298:Najder, Zdzisław;
215:Tadeusz Mazowiecki
156:Conrad scholarship
29:
431:"Zdzislaw Najder"
355:978-1-57113-347-2
336:978-0-521-57321-4
317:978-0-521-25082-5
276:. Smithmark Pub.
232:published in the
129:Radio Free Europe
125:Oxford University
88:Warsaw University
60:Radio Free Europe
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735:. 22 May 1992
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505:. 30 May 1983
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56:Jan Olszewski
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48:Joseph Conrad
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796:11 September
794:. Retrieved
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842:2021 deaths
837:1930 births
379:(in Polish)
250:Zapalniczka
230:Jerzy Urban
211:trade union
176:Edward Said
138:in absentia
52:Lech Wałęsa
831:Categories
364:References
245:lustration
223:presidency
208:Solidarity
180:antinomian
82:Early life
402:: 183–185
234:left-wing
100:Twórczość
302:(1983).
105:Creation
406:3 June
352:
333:
314:
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119:When
115:Exile
798:2011
770:2011
741:2011
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511:2011
478:2011
447:2011
408:2022
350:ISBN
331:ISBN
312:ISBN
291:2011
278:ISBN
77:Life
54:and
239:NIE
213:'s
185:THE
168:THE
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