183:
95:
84:
158:
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117:
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173:
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The ZG was led by Aziz Wardeh, a wealthy banker and entrepreneur, who formed it in 1975 as a movement of middle-class businessmen who contested the rule of the local feudal clans, gathered in the so-called 'Seven
Families'
394:(LAA) attempts to take Zahlé in early 1976. On 14 January that year, they defended their town when it was besieged by PLO – LNM forces in retaliation for the fall of the
821:
680:
633:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
498:
Identités et solidarités croisées dans les conflits du Liban contemporain; Chapitre 12: L'économie politique des milices: le phénomène mafieux
861:
29:
856:
468:
296:. Wardeh's Zahliotes were estimated at about 100-500 fighters equipped with small-arms purchased on the black market or taken from
453:
653:
619:
770:
413:
structure in 1978, its former members certainly played a role in the defence of their town on 20 December 1980, when the
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790:
707:
672:
329:
187:
182:
418:
361:
735:, Aberdeen, MD: U.S. Army Human Engineering Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Technical memorandum 8-86, 1986.
256:
593:
Les
Secrets de la guerre du Liban: Du coup d'état de Béchir Gémayel aux massacres des camps palestiniens
665:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
524:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
511:
L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985)
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384:
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825:
822:
Chamussy (René) – Chronique d’une guerre: Le Liban 1975-1977 – éd. Desclée – 1978
802:, Princeton Series on the Middle East, Markus Wiener Publishers, Princeton 1997.
725:
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657:
636:
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248:
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458:
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troops in a vain attempt to curb the fighting. Allied with the other rightist
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368:
383:, the Zahliotes held their ground successfully against the PLO, the Leftist
635:, Thèse de Doctorat d'Histoire – 1993, Université de Paris VIII, 2007. (in
313:
293:
264:
778:
688:, Alternative Histories, Edinburgh University Press, 2020 (1st edition).
686:
Conflict on Mount
Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
563:
Conflict on Mount
Lebanon: The Druze, the Maronites and Collective Memory
422:
199:
157:
351:
317:
305:
831:
421:(NLP) offices and again in March 1981, when it was besieged by the
714:
La Guerre du Liban: De la dissension nationale au conflit régional
417:(a.k.a. the "Hannache Group") managed to seize by force the local
357:
341:
260:
63:
146:
116:
105:
399:
281:
236:
128:
702:, Men-at-arms series 165, Osprey Publishing Ltd, London 1985.
194:
172:
356:
On 28 August 1975, The
Zahliote Group militia clashed at
832:
Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990
648:, Presses Universitaires de France - PUF, Paris 1993.
344:
until 1978, when they were finally absorbed into the
800:
Faces of
Lebanon: Sects, Wars, and Global Extensions
785:, London: Oxford University Press, (3rd ed. 2001).
352:
The
Zahliotes in the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1981)
367:(ZLA, a.k.a. the "Marada Brigade") militia led by
843:
698:Samuel M. Katz, Lee E. Russel, and Ron Volstad,
612:Histoire du Liban contemporain: Tome 2 1943-1990
406:'s Christian militias earlier that same day.
274:
749:A History of Modern Lebanon: Second Edition
763:Sanctuary and Survival: the PLO in Lebanon
330:Chevrolet C-10/C-15 Cheyenne light pickups
469:List of weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
765:, Boulder: Westview Press, Oxford 1990.
716:, Éditions Karthala/CERMOC, Paris 1994.
409:Although the ZG was integrated into the
304:(ISF) Police stations, backed by a few
844:
862:Lebanese factions allied with Israel
454:Lebanese Forces – Executive Command
13:
857:Factions in the Lebanese Civil War
740:
14:
873:
815:
550:Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban
188:Palestine Liberation Organization
326:Land-Rover series II-III pickups
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181:
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156:
145:
127:
115:
104:
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82:
783:Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War
614:, Éditions Fayard, Paris 2005.
646:Histoire de la guerre du Liban
568:
555:
542:
529:
516:
503:
490:
371:, despite the intervention of
1:
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751:, Pluto Press, London 2012.
595:, Albin Michel, Paris 2004.
7:
667:, Lulu.com, Beyrouth 2012.
574:Katz, Russel, and Volstad,
432:
10:
878:
464:Lebanese National Movement
388:Lebanese National Movement
288:) coalition headed by the
275:Structure and organization
152:Lebanese National Movement
700:Armies in Lebanon 1982-84
576:Armies in Lebanon 1982-84
322:Toyota Land Cruiser (J40)
216:
205:
140:
77:
69:
59:
45:
35:
25:
18:
484:
396:Palestinian refugee camp
302:Internal Security Forces
245:Groupement Zahliote (GZ)
122:Internal Security Forces
479:Zgharta Liberation Army
365:Zgharta Liberation Army
360:with the predominantly
167:Zgharta Liberation Army
419:National Liberal Party
267:, which fought in the
255:militia raised in the
340:, controlled most of
314:Willys M38A1 MD jeeps
134:Israel Defense Forces
402:in the hands of the
19:Zahliote Group – ZG
798:William W. Harris,
733:The battle of Zahle
537:The battle of Zahle
415:Free Tigers militia
390:(LNM) militias and
271:from 1975 to 1981.
233:Zahliote Group – ZG
177:Free Tigers militia
747:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
631:Fawwaz Traboulsi,
500:(2007), parte III.
444:Lebanese Civil War
439:Lebanese Arab Army
392:Lebanese Arab Army
334:Heavy machine-guns
269:Lebanese Civil War
253:Lebanese Christian
239:: مجموعة زحلوتي |
210:Lebanese Civil War
162:Lebanese Arab Army
37:Dates of operation
675:, 1291036601 (in
654:978-2-13-045801-2
620:978-2-213-61521-9
591:Alain Menargues,
338:recoilless rifles
292:(political boss)
229:
228:
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663:Joseph Hokayem,
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572:
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559:
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539:(1986), pp. 6-7.
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427:Battle of Zahleh
379:factions in the
241:Majmueat Zhlouty
220:Preceded by
206:Battles and wars
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741:Further reading
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731:R.D. Mclaurin,
610:Denise Ammoun,
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565:(2020), p. 160.
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284:: سبع عائلات |
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816:External links
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808:978-1558761155
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757:978-0745332741
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684:Makram Rabah,
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601:978-2226121271
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294:Joseph Skaff
286:Sabe Eayilat
285:
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265:Beqaa Valley
244:
240:
232:
230:
223:100 fighters
219:
73:500 fighters
60:Headquarters
779:Robert Fisk
548:Menargues,
496:Traboulsi,
425:during the
423:Syrian Army
300:depots and
212:(1975-1990)
200:Syrian Army
30:Aziz Wardeh
846:Categories
585:References
535:Mclaurin,
318:CJ-5 Jeeps
310:technicals
306:gun trucks
522:Hokayem,
509:Hokayem,
377:Christian
141:Opponents
41:1975–1978
433:See also
362:Maronite
259:town of
46:Group(s)
561:Rabah,
263:in the
26:Leaders
836:French
826:French
806:
789:
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726:French
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677:French
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658:French
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637:French
624:French
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605:French
599:
400:Dbayeh
385:Muslim
328:, and
282:Arabic
249:French
237:Arabic
78:Allies
485:Notes
358:Zahlé
342:Zahlé
290:za'im
261:Zahlé
243:) or
190:(PLO)
169:(ZLA)
164:(LAA)
154:(LNM)
136:(IDF)
124:(ISF)
64:Zahlé
834:(in
824:(in
804:ISBN
787:ISBN
767:ISBN
753:ISBN
724:(in
718:ISBN
704:ISBN
690:ISBN
679:) –
669:ISBN
656:(in
650:ISBN
639:) –
626:) –
622:(in
616:ISBN
603:(in
597:ISBN
336:and
324:and
231:The
70:Size
398:of
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