Robert Charles Zaehner

33: 925:, Zaehner came to grips with "the problem of how a Christian should regard the non-Christian religions and how, if at all, he could correlate them into his own" (p. 9 ). It includes an Introduction (1), followed by chapters on Hinduism (2), on Hinduism and Buddhism (3), on "Prophets outside Israel", i.e., Zoroastrianism and Islam (4), and it concludes with Appendix which compares and contrasts the "Quran and Christ". Perhaps the key chapter is "Consummatum Est" (5), which "shows, or tries to show, how the main trend in Hinduism and Buddhism on the one hand and of Zoroastrianism on the other meet and complete each other in the Christian revelation" (Preface, p. 9, words in brackets added). 890:"Any man with any convictions at all is liable to be influenced by them even when he tries to adopt an entirely objective approach; but let him recognize this from the outset and guard against it. If he does this, he will at least be less liable to deceive himself and others." "Of the books I have written some are intended to be objective; others, quite frankly, are not." "In all my writings on comparative religion my aim has been increasingly to show that there is a coherent pattern in religious history. For me the centre of coherence can only be Christ." Yet "I have rejected as irrelevant to my theme almost everything that would find a natural place in a theological seminary, that is, 1270:, particularly in Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. He criticized the then widely-held view that in mystical experience was to be found the key to the unity of all religions. He based his contrary views on well-known texts authored by the mystics of various traditions. Zaehner, after describing their first-hand reports of experiences of extraordinary states of consciousness, presented also their traditional interpretations. The result seems to indicate a great variety of mystical experience, and clear differences in how these were understood theologically. Many experiences seems to evidence a particular world view, e.g., theisms, monisms, dualisms, pantheisms, or agnostic. 951:, the former being a history of God's commandments delivered by his prophets to the Jewish people and their struggle to live accordingly, and the later being a teacher of a path derived from his own experience, which leads to a spiritual enlightenment without God and apart from historical events (pp. 15–19, 24–26). Needed is a way to bridge this gap between these two (pp. 15, 19, 26, 28). The gap is further illustrated as it relates to desire and suffering (p. 21), body and soul (pp. 22–23), personality and death (pp. 23–24). He announced a 'method' special to the book: "I shall concern myself with what sincere men have believed" (p. 29). 1437:

that there is a great variety of overlap between them. Furthermore, each religion appears to field contending schools of mystical thought, and often interpretations of subtle conscious states may differ within each of the schools. When a list of the several proposed typologies suggested by Zaehner over the years are mustered and compared, Fernandes found the results "unstable". Accordingly, an observer might conclude that the spiritual map of possible mysticisms would present a confused jumble through which snake perplexing pathways, difficult of analysis. Zaehner's proposals suffer from such endemic difficulties.

1032:. The Church perpetually struggles to keep to a "perfect yet precarious balance between the transcendent... Judge and King and the indwelling Christ". Writing in 1964, Zaehner perceived "a change for the better" in the increasing acceptance of the "Yogin in India or Zen in Japan". Nonetheless, a danger exists for the 'unwary soul' who in exploring other religions may pass beyond the fear of God. Then one may enter the subtleties of mystical experience, and "mistake his own soul for God." Such an error in distinguishing between 8325:(1958, 1961). According to this critique, historically "terror may be progressive or regressive, depending" on its rational utility. "In the Soviet state, the terror of a twofold nature: ...technical and business" for poor performance, and political for "any kind of nonconformity" (p.96, quotes). However, with industrialization, "terror becomes unprofitable and unproductive. ...what was implemented by terror during the Stalinist period, must now be normalized... in the moral and emotional household of individuals." (p.236). 9705:(1969, reprint 1971). Leary's "suggestion that religious experiences may be achieved by drugs... is likely to remind a traditional Jew of Canaanite paganism, which used all kind of orgiastic rites, including drugs, to produce states of so-called expanded consciousness. ¶ Nevertheless, the question persists... " (pp. 330-331). "The answer might go something like this: ¶ Make room for the aberant... who bear within themselves those spores of creation which society needs for its own regeneration" (p.333). 9614:(1974), Manson: pp. 47-72. Zaehner tells how Manson was underprivileged, son of a teenage prostitute (p.51), an ex-convict whose maleducation trickled down from local occult sects (pp. 46, 59). His enemy was society (pp. 48-50, 55-56, 306-307). He preached to die to the world, by exhaustion, drugs and sex, to break-down the ego (pp. 60, 62, 69), in order to attain an indifference (pp. 60, 66-67, cf. 80). So broken, his followers committed horrific crimes (pp. 47, 56, 67). 641:, against whom believers fought. As Infinite Time, Zurvan rose supreme "above Ohrmazd and Ahriman" and stood "above good and evil". This aggravated the traditional 'orthodox' Zoroastrians (the Mazdean ethical dualists). Zoroastrian cosmology understood that "finite Time comes into existence out of Infinite Time". During the 12,000 year period of finite Time (Zurvan being both kinds of Time), human history occurs, the fight against Ahriman starts, and the final victory of 2151:." If the One being was "totally static" as previously understood "then there could be no room for evolution, creativity, or development of any kind." Instead, as reported by Zaehner, Aurobindo considered that "the One though absolutely self sufficient unto itself, must also be the source... of progressive, evolutionary change." He found "the justification for his dynamic interpretation of the Vedanta in the Hindu Scriptures themselves, particularly in the 5863:(London: George Allen, Unwin 1923, 2d ed. 1930; reprint Oxford 1989, 2006), volume two. Samkhya and Yoga, and Vedanta, are three of the six orthodox Brahmanical Systems (pp. 19-20). These six "apparently isolated and independent systems were really members without regard to their place in the historic interconnection" (18-19). "The Samkhya is not a living faith" (p.28). "Vedanta determines the world view of the Hindu thinkers of the present time" (p.430). 7439:(1970, p. 177 (quote: holy); p. 179 (quotes: defend, justify); p. 177 (Draupadi's quote about Krishna). Yudhishthira at first "defends the established order" (pp. 178–179). He prefers the brahmin's dharma over the kshatriya's (pp. 177, 179, 184, 188). Draupadi attacks Krishna (pp. 177-178, 347), attacks Yudhishthira (p. 186). Yudhishthira does not attack Krishna, but becomes disgusted with "a warrior's duty to kill," saying after the destructive war: 1013:(pp. 7–9). While Europe has known of Jesus for twenty centuries, 'further' Asia has only for three. Jesus, however, seemed to have arrived there with conquerors from across the sea, and "not as the suffering servant" (p. 9). As to the ancient traditions of Asia, Christians did "condemn outright what not first learnt to understand" (pp. 11, 13). Zaehner thus sets the stage for a modern review of ancient traditions. 2428:' (synthesis), an "allegedly scientific utopia". Among its proponents such dialectic has drawn widely different interpretations. Zaehner, however, sought to find and to honor the beneficial and illuminating points in the grand materialist, humanistic vision of Karl Marx, from among its otherwise disastrous teaching of calculated animosity, soulless violence, murderous class war, followed by an apocalyptic dictatorship. 7862:) being is in its character a truth-consciousnress" (pp. 557-558). The state of gnosis "is impossible without ample and close self-identification of ourselves with all existence" (p.558). To "learn how to be one self with all" is key, "without it there is no gnosis" (p.559). Gnosis changes "all our view and experience of our soul-life and of the world around us" as it is "the decisive transition in the 7754:(1971). The Power of Consciousness is also called the divine "descent of the 'Supermind'," a spirit of pure consciousness. Otherwise, without such a divine transformation of selfish humans, Aurobindo considered any utopia impossible, and that promised by communists as a vain illusion leading to tyranny (pp. 28-29, 30-31). Zaehner analogizes the Power of Consciousness (Supermind) to Jesus as 886:, these being later joined by non-western religious texts and field studies, then eventually by ethnological studies of folk religions. The privileged 'enlightenment' orientation, self-defined as purely reasonable, in practice fell short of being neutral, and itself became progressively contested by different camps. As to value-neutral criteria, Zaehner situated himself roughly as follows: 1756:, in process of being purified from enmeshment in a nonetheless existing 'objective' prakrti. Despite the profound difference, Zaehner understands each as in some sense acquired in isolation. The two direct mystical experiences as found in Hindu literature Zaehner endeavors to present competently, as well as to introduce the framing theological filters used for explanation. 4482:) was based on lectures which specifically required a Christian orientation; hence the book discuss "how a Christian should regard the non-Christian religions" (in a few books his aim had been other than a thorough-going objectivity). Prof. Saksena here pointedly described perceived defects, but was by no means abusive, writing Zaehner "often shows great insight" (p.105). 3318:(1987) at 245–246. Wright states that, "I felt bitter at the ease with which the accusation had been made," and for his subjecting a loyal colleague to hearing the false charges made against him. "In that moment the civilized cradle of Oxford disintegrated around him; he was back behind the lines again, surrounded by enemies, alone and double-crossed" (p. 246 quote). 2214:

other's theological insights as their own, as well as employ the other's distinctions to accent, or explain, their own doctrines to themselves. Although Zaehner gives a suggestive commentary at the conjunction of living faiths, he respects that each remains distinct, unique. Zaehner allows the possibility of what he calls the convergence of faiths, or solidarity.

7892:, compiled with a summary and notes by P. B. Saint-Hilaire (Pondicherry 1963), e.g., pp. 25-29 ('Life evolves out of Matter, Mind out of Life, Spirit out of Mind'), 40-41 (reason and inspiration), 64-66 (justice and freedom), 72-73 (spiritual experience and inner realization), 93-94 (the power to transform our being), 123-126 (personality of the gnostic beings), 3214:(Syracuse Univ. 1996) at 33, 38–39. The 1951 coup staged by Britain alone failed due to Mossadegh's popularity and Iranian nationalism. Later in 1953 a joint American and British coup toppled Mossadegh, returned the Shah to power, and restored oilfields to Britain, but henceforth other countries, too. Yett the coup sowed the seeds of a lasting mistrust. 940:(1058-1111) as both being skeptics about any 'reasonable' writer with no religious experience who expounds on the subject. Here Zaehner acknowledges that many Christians may only be familiar with their own type of religion (similar to Judaism and Islam), and hence be ill-equipped to adequately comprehend Hindu or Buddhist mysticism (pp. 12–15). 2569:(1981) , Zaehner turned to address issues in contemporary society, drawing on his studies of comparative religion. He further explored the similarities and the differences between drug-induced experiences and traditional mysticism. As an academic he had already published several books on such issues starting in 1957. In the meantime, a widespread 2405:

leaders trained in the malleable ideology. They alone could discern the interplay and feed-back of it all in actual operation. Koestler became cynical. Often the party appeared to manipulate its dialectical explanations to cover unjustified, abrupt changes in the party line. Such practices permitted an arbitrary rule by the party's leadership.

3897:(Bombay: Tata 1973), pp. 99–100. Classic Greeks assigned his dates to 6000 years before Plato. The "native tradition" of the 7th century CE placed him 258 years before Alexander (early 6th century BC). The author here concludes 600 BC at the latest (concurrent with Buddha and Confucius), but perhaps 1000 BC per "linguistic evidence". 1009:(1881-1963), who advanced the dignity that all humanity possesses "in the sight of God". Zaehner then presents a brief history of Christianity in world context. The Church "rejoiced to build into herself whatever in Paganism she found compatible" with the revelation and ministry of Jesus. Her confidence was inferred in the words of 2841:, Christian or Islamic, springs from that most polluted of all sources, the Satanic sin of pride, the desire to be 'like gods'. We are not gods, we are social, irrational animals, designed to become rational, social animals, and finally, having built our house on solid Aristotelian rock, to become 'like a god', our work well done. 1360:"Both in mystical rapture and in sexual union reason and intelligence are momentarily set at naught. The soul 'flows' and 'hurls itself out of itself'. ...all consciousness of the ego has disappeared. As the Buddhist would say, there is no longer any 'I' or 'mine', the ego has been swallowed up into a greater whole." 4861:(Philadelphia: Innes and Sons 1901; reprints: University Books 1961, Dutton 1969), range of experience pp. 55-56; summary description 14, 65–66; exemplars: fourteen pp. 67, 69–209, an additional thirty-six 211–302. The 14: Gautama the Buddha, Jesus the Christ, Paul, Plotinus, Mohammad, Dante, Bartolomé Las Casas, 3237:, Information Clearing House (2003). "It was Zaehner who had cultivated the Rashidian brothers, each of whom had worked against German influence in Iran during the Second World War." They were key players in the 1951 coup attempt. Fisk knew Robin Zaehner, "the British classics scholar who helped mastermind it." 8469:

argues that "the younger Marx led the way for Christian thinking" regarding "human relations in production" by describing "the real world of power conflicts and selfish drives". Accordingly, the younger Marx "calls the Christian to sober obedient realism about his responsibility in this world" (p.106

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was dismayed to find that dialectical reason could not chart the party line. Yet the party simply rejected such thinking as "mechanistic". Are the dialectic and party line unpredictable, Koestler asked, irrational in their own terms? All was subtle and complex, the party counseled, reserved for party

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saw, quite rightly, that since the laws of Nature manifested themselves in the tactical vicissitudes of day-to-day politics with no sort of clarity, even the most orthodox Marxists were bound to go astray. It was, therefore, necessary that some one man whose authority was absolute, should be found to

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rule was sometimes said to demonstrate an attenuated resemblance to Catholic Church governance. Features in common included an authoritarian command structure (similar to the military), guided by a revered theory (or dogma), which was articulated in abstract principles and exemplars that could not be

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was a source, which Zaehner modified, truncated and refashioned. The resulting schema of the typology aimed to reflect both the mystic's report of the experience itself and the mystic's personal 'explanation' of it. Commentaries by others found in traditional spiritual literature (spanning centuries)

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during the years 1967 to 1969. The subject he choose concerned the convoluted and intertwined history of the different world religions during the long duration of their mutual co-existence. He described the interactions as both fiercely contested and relatively cross-cultivating, in contrast to other

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Although in the intelligence service for the benefit of his Government, on later reflection Zaehner did not understand the utilitarian activities he performed as being altogether ennobling. In such "Government service abroad", he wrote, "truth is seen as the last of the virtues and to lie comes to be

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pp. 93-94. She says he marshals scripture, and evidence on the divine presence, death, and resurrection in the Haoma sacrifice, so that it resembles "the Christian communion rite". "But if all the material is properly taken into consideration... its intention appears as something very different" (p.

8213:'s to Stalin's personal dictatorship--a road on which 'scientific determinism' gives way (in practice if not in ideology) to decisions on the ground of shifting political and even personal objectives and interests. Subjective factors prevail over objective factors and laws. However... complex... ." 7830:

evolution. Eventually humans appear and advance until the Supramental links us to pure consciousness, an Absolute: then everyone becomes transformed (pp. 204–205). Aurobindo's "aim is to combine the western and eastern theories of evolution" (p. 208). The divine goal of Yoga at p.203. "Humanity will

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Academic study itself split into several diverse fields: hybrid sociological and anthropological works, evolutionary theories, contending philosophical analysis, rival psychologies, innovative proposals for harmonizations, updated traditional apologetic responses, ethical discourse, social political

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would be guided by the Power of Consciousness. In choosing to pursue the spiritual realization of social self-understanding, India would hasten the natural evolution of humanity. Hence furthering the conscious commitment everywhere, to collaborate with the hidden drive of creative evolution toward a

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An endemic problem with such an analytic typology is the elusive nature of the conscious experience during the mystical state, its shifting linguistic descriptions and perspectives of subject/object, and the psychology of spiritual awareness itself. In addition, each type category is hardly pure, in

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in Persia during the war. It was difficult and dangerous work. The railway lines into Russia, carrying vital military supplies, were key targets for German sabotage. Zaehner was perfectly equipped for the job, speaking the local dialects fluently, and much of his time was spent undercover, operating

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Hence, the mystical experience (briefly outlined here) is differently interpreted. The subject: (1) may achieve, by separation from prakriti (nature), the goal of immortality of her purusa, purified in isolation within herself; or (2) may become absorbed by discovery of her direct identity with the

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Zaehner offers this categorical analysis of some major religious affiliations: a) action-oriented, worldly (Judaism, Islam, Protestantism, Confucianism); b) contemplation-oriented, other-worldly (Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism, Taoism); c) in-between (Mahayana Buddhism, neo-Confucianism, the reformed

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book and two others on the subject during the 1950s. Since 1952, however, he had turned his primary attention further East. "After my election to the Spalding Chair, I decided to devote myself mainly to the study of Indian religions in accordance with the founder's wishes." He served Oxford in this

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has done in the twentieth century A.D. what the Hindus did in perhaps the eighth century B.C.; he has discovered empirically the existence of an immortal soul in man, dwelling outside time and space, which can actually be experienced. This soul Jung, like the Hindus, calls the "self"... extremely

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In the course of the discourse, he mentions occasionally a sophisticated view: how the different religions have provided a mutuality of nourishment, having almost unconsciously interpenetrated each other's beliefs. The historically obfuscated result is that neighbouring religions might develop the

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in Scotland during the years 1967–1969. In these sessions he revisits comparative mysticism and Bucke, focuses on Hinduism and Buddhism, Yudhishthira and later Job, discusses Taoist classics, Neo-Confucianism, and Zen. He doesn't forget Jung or Zoroaster, Marx or Teilhard. The result is a 464-page

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and agricultural community" as against the "predatory, marauding tribal societies". His theological and ethical dualism advocated for "the followers of Truth the life-conserving and life-enhancing forces" and against the "destructive forces" of the Lie. For the dates of the prophet's life, Zaehner

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written a few centuries later by Zoroastrians. Each of its ten chapters contains Zaehner's descriptive commentaries, illustrated by his translations from historic texts. Chapter IV, "The Necessity of Dualism" is typical, half being the author's narrative and half extracts from a Pahlavi work, here

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by Mossadegh. Zaehner thus became engaged in the failed 1951 British effort to topple the government of Iran and return oil production to that entity controlled by the British government. "he plot to overthrow Mossadegh and give the oilfields back to the AIOC was in the hands of a British diplomat

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in the murky and cutthroat world of countersabotage. By the end of the war his task was even more fraught. The Russians themselves were trying to gain control of the railway, and Zaehner had to work behind Russian lines, continuously at risk of betrayal and murder by pro-German or pro-Russian... ."

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days it is unfashionable to emphasize the difference between religions." Yet Zaehner remained skeptical, at the risk of alienating those in the ecumenical movement whose longing for a festival of conciliation caused them to overlook the stubborn divergence inherent in the momentum. "We must force

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Zaehner's study of mystical writings also incorporated its psychological dimensions, yet as a supplement, not as definitive. About the experience of unusual states of consciousness, many mystics have written using as a descriptive metaphor language associated with marriage symbolism or sexuality.

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Based on the above schematic, the resulting study of the mystics of the two religions is somewhat asymmetrical. Zaehner chose to treat initially Hindu mystics, because of their relative freedom from creed or dogma. The mystics and sufis of Islam selected are from all over the Islamic world, e.g.,

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As a professor Zaehner "had a great facility for writing, and an enormous appetite for work… a talent for friendship, a deep affection for a number of particular close friends and an appreciation of human personality, especially for anything bizarre or eccentric". Nonetheless, "he passed a great

3439:(Delhi: Oxford University Press 1989), pp. 249–250, 257 (VP); 304–307 (P); during his last three years at Oxford, Radhakrishnan had served concurrently as India's ambassador to the Soviet Union (pp. 213–215, 228, 248, 257). He was the first Spalding professor, starting in 1936 (pp. 132–133, 145). 2389:

condemned such static philosophizing, i.e., when party ideologists had employed the dialectic as if an academic tool to analyze industrialization in the mid-Soviet period. Marcuse rejected such abstract schema as inert, lifeless, not up to the stormy task of running an authentic socialist state.

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dramatically attacks Krishna for "playing with his creatures as children play with dolls." Although his wife escapes slavery, the bitter loss in the dice game is only a step in the sequence of seemingly divinely-directed events that led to a disastrous war, involving enormous slaughter. Although

4783:(Chicago: Open Court 1927; republished by Frederick Unger, New York, 1959). His book is based on his six lectures: Sacrificial, Upanishads, Yoga, Buddhistic, Classical Devotional, and Popular Devotional (the last two on Bhakti). Starting in 1922, the University of Cambridge published Dasgupta's 2660:

and his 1970 book. Zaehner comments that, to the inexperienced, "most descriptions of Zen enlightenment, and some of LSD experience would appear to be almost identical." What Leary calls the "timeless energy process around you" (pp. 113–114 quote; 70 & 112 quote). Yet Zaehner refers to

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Accordingly, for his primary orientation Zaehner chose from among the active participants: Christianity in its Catholic manifestation. Yet the academic Zaehner also employed a type of comparative analysis, e.g., often drawing on Zoroastrian or Hindu, or Jewish or Islamic views for contrast, for

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That measureless Love which is God Himself, dwells in the pure deeps of our spirit, like a burning brazier of coal. And it throws forth brilliant and fiery sparks which stir and enkindle heart and senses, will and desire, and all the powers of the soul, with a fire of love; a storm, a rage, a

9532:(1939, 1960), pp. 102-103: "When the Upanishad says that 'sin does not cling to a wise man any more than water clings to a lotus leaf' it does not mean that the sage may sin and yet be free, but rather that any one who is free from worldly attachments is also free from all temptation to sin." 2601:

view can logically lead to excess, even to criminal acts. If practiced under the guidance of traditional religious teachers, no harm usually results. The potential for evil exists, however, through subtle misunderstanding or careless enthusiasm, according to Zaehner. After arriving at such a

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is relatively recent, emerging from earlier works with a religious and literary accent. From reading the writings of mystics, various traditional distinctions have been further elaborated, such as its psychological nature and its social-cultural context. Discussions have also articulated its

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In theology he challenged the ecumenical trend that strove to somehow see a uniformity in all religions. He acted not out of an ill will, but from a conviction that any fruitful dialogue between religions must be based on a "pursuit of truth". If such profound dialogue rested on a false or a

1795:(1964), expressly from that perspective. As an objective scholar, he drew on his acquired insights from this source to further his understanding of others. Zaehner "did not choose to write to convince others of the truth of his own faith," rather "to frame questions" was his usual purpose. 2481:

will be reached. The issue of such a future humanity-wide salvation on earth, in juxtaposition to the orthodox salvation of each individual confirmed at death, is apprehended and discussed. While energized and often favorable, Zaehner could turn a more critical eye toward Teilhard, while

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According to Zaehner, Christianity and theistic religions offer the possibility of a sacred mystical union with an attentive creator God, whereas a strictly monistic approach instead leads to the self-unity experience of natural religion. Yet Zaehner remained hopeful in the long run of an

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Zaehner evolved into a committed Christian, whose ethics and morals were founded on his Catholic faith. Accordingly, sexuality is blessed within the context of marriage. His sexual orientation before and during World War II was said to have been homosexual. During his later life, while a

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of mystical experiences (of what many had assumed were the same); then he divides them into three or four categories (168,184,198). Yet, ironically, Zaehner here also shows that the same or similar experiences may be interpreted very differently, e.g., as Samkhya-yoga or as Advaita

3455:(Oxford University 1939, 2d ed. 1940; 1960), p. 20. Regarding his Spalding post: "the unprecedented appointment of an Asian to the Oxford Chair motivated, I take it, by a desire to lift Eastern Thought... its enduring value as a living force in shaping the soul of the modern man." 1947:) acceptable. The wealthy householder Job, a faithful servant of his Deity, suffers severe family and personal reversals, due to Divine acquiescence. Each human being, both Job and Yudhishthira, is committed to following his righteous duty, acting in conformity to his conscience. 4418:(1970), pp. 10-11: In an effort at self-criticism, he summarizes his comparative method: to contemplate non-Christian religions from the inside, then to correlate the resulting gnosis to Christianity ("at least as I understand it"). Hence, an inductive approach that suspends an 1372:

and conflate opposites, which elicits diverse commentary. Regarding the transcultural experience of mystical states, however, the traditional analogy of marriage symbolism continues to endure, drawing interest and advocates. Augmenting the above examples is the Dutch mystic

694:, make it obvious that "Zoroaster met with very stiff opposition from the civil and ecclesiastical authorities when once he had proclaimed his mission." "His enemies... supported the ancient national religion." On moral and ecological grounds, Zoroaster favored the "settled 9049:(1971), pp. 180-184: Zaehner's harsh criticism ("his pipe-dream of humanity" 180, "the dropping of the atom bomb" 181, "failure to love his fellow-men" who Teilhard said seem "to live independently of me" 183). However "irritated" he admired Teilhard and his vision (p.188). 8173:(; 1958), p.209: Clearly, "throughout the whole of the Stalinist period Stalin himself was the only person in the Soviet Union who could ever dare to say anything new. In his lifetime, were hymned in the highest superlatives... ." It was "altogether too flattering to him." 5100:(1970), p.160: The human-divine relationship in 'spiritual marriage' is "the love of the bride for her spouse" and "the human role in relation to God is always that of female to male." In a Hindu sect, "the soul is regarded as the bride, and God as the bridegroom" (p.168). 1807:

book "made Zaehner one of the most important modern exponents of Hindu theological and philosophical doctrines... . The works on mysticism are more controversial though they established important distinctions in refusing to regard all mysticisms as the same," wrote Prof.

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Mystical union between the mystic and the Deity in a sense confounds the distinction between dualistic and monistic mysticism. For if the two are identical already, there is no potential for the act of union. Yet the act of divine union also negates a continuous dualism.

1618:, a Hindu mystic following a rival school of Vedanta may understand the same tranquil, steady illumination differently (i.e., as not Samkhya's purusa). As Zaehner proposed: the same or similar mystical experience may result in very different theological interpretations. 1024:

virtues (a source some term 'heathen'). For "from the beginning the Moral Governor of the world has scattered the seeds of truth far and wide... ." There may be some danger for Christians to study the spiritual truths of other religions, but it is found in scripture.

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code, cursed be physical strength, cursed be violence through which we have been brought to our present pass. Blessed be long-suffering, self-control, purity, freedom from strife and slander, refusal to do another harm, truthful speech, the constant virtues... "(p.

4537:, been its betrayal of its spiritual mission in the interests of worldly power" and its loss of "Christ's gift of love" resulting in its "criminal career of persecution and intolerance." ... The Church is "tormented by the wickedness" but "ennobled by the sanctity". 2311:

party's monopoly of state power. Instead, what perplexed him were other aspects of Marx and Engels: the artful pitch able to inspire popular motivation, its putative visionary import and quasi-religious dimensions that could attract the interest of free peoples.

3511:, Prof. Radhakrishnan had criticized Christianity's unique claims (pp. 39–44, 195–197). He promoted an optimistic view of "a shrinking world" in which his generation would provide "spiritual oneness and create an integrated human community" (p. 149 quote). His 8667:

Marx records an instance of his admiration of contemporary working people which seems genuine. In Paris in 1844: "Among these people the brotherhood of man is no phrase, but truth and human nobility shine from their labor-hardened forms." Quoted by MacIntyr,

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Dummett, "Introduction" (1981) at xi (quotes). Prof. Dummett here may refer especially to Zaehner's later, more popularizing books, e.g., on those counterculture drug users who associated their experience with mysticism. Yet Zaehner's work shed light on many

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The celebration of sex while under its influence by Leary and also by many in the drug culture Zaehner compared to the frequent use of sexual imagery by the mystics of different religious cultures . Even though passages in Leary's book comport with the Hindu

894:, modern theology in particular." "For what, then, do I have sympathy, you may well ask. Quite simply, for the 'great religions' both of East and West, expressed... in those texts that each religion holds most sacred and in the impact that these have caused." 834:, first published in 1959. Also were his several articles on the persistence in popular culture of the former national religion, "Zoroastrian survivals in Iranian folklore". Chapters, in whole or part, on Zoroastrianism appeared in a few of his other books: 1128:. The relative merits of Monism verses Theism, and vice versa, are discussed (pp. 153–197). Near the end of his conclusion, Zaehner repeats his view that the monist and the theistic are "distinct and mutually opposed types of mysticism" (p. 204). 8247:(London: Geoffrey Bles 1937, new ed. 1948; University of Michigan 1960), not only the Catholic, at p.143: "The Soviet communist realm has in its spiritual structure a great likeness to Muscovite Orthodox Tsardom." Apart from its vital mystical nature, the 8571:(Columbia University 1958; reprint Vintage 1961), pp. 121-139. Soviet Marxists criticized for using the dialectic to "protect and justify the established regime" (p.139). Some philosophic innovations of Engels, taken up by Stalin, rejected (pp. 126-129). 2624:

Yet Zaehner's detailed examination and review was not a witch hunt. His concluding appraisal of the LSD experience, although not without warning of its great risks and dangers, contained a limited, circumscribed allowance for use with a spiritual guide.

3923:, volume 1 (Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill 1975) at 190. Boyce notes that the 6th-century dates were suggested by Sasanian priests, but are known to be artificial. She favors an earlier dating, 1400 to 1000 BC, for the prophet Zarathushtra or Zoroaster. His 1936:. Yet their situations differed. Yudhishthira, although ascetic by nature, was a royal leader who had to directly face the conflicts of his society. His realm and his family suffered great misfortunes due to political conflict and war. Yet the divine 1332:

Across centuries and continents, mystics have used erotic metaphors and sexual analogies in descriptions of Divine love. The special states of consciousness they recorded have become the subject of modern psychological studies, e.g., by the school of

8069:(Columbia University 1958, Vintage 1961), pp. 128-130. The split of materialism into dialectical and historical was foreign to Karl Marx, but was orthodoxy in the Soviet Union, where as "codified into an ideology and interpreted by officials of the 1605:

generally is about identical to the many other isolated purusas, each separately experienced from within, by millions of other humans. Under the Samkhya, Hindus may refer to this personal, isolated experience of immortality as the purified self, the

509:

compared it to a merry-go-round, so that the reader is not sure he is "actually going somewhere. A merry-go-round of such engaging colour, boisterous sound effects, and bouncing intellectual activity, however, is itself perhaps no mean achievement."

5511:(Bruges 1924; London 1927, reprint Dover 2004), pp. 227-231: sexual pleasure as a possible element in the mystic ecstasy, experienced by the nonetheless chaste, whether religious or laity. "A kernel of truth is hidden under a mass of error" (p.230). 3690:(1955, 1972). The oldest reference for Zurvan found dates to the 12th (name), and 4th (sources unclear) centuries BCE (p. 20). Zurvanism had been installed at start of Sasanid rule as its state religion (p. 90), yet its status varied (pp. 112–113). 961:

The 1964 book, following its introduction, has four parts: India, China and Japan, Islam, and The Catholic Church. Throughout Zaehner offers connections between the self-understanding of 'other religions' and that of the Judeo-Christian, e.g., the

491:, recalled, "He did not, perhaps, suffer fools gladly, but for the serious student he would take immense pains". Prof. Zaehner was "an entertaining companion" with "many wildly funny" stories, "a man of great originality, not to say eccentricity." 8122:(1958, 1961). The dialectical process "if correctly understood... will eventually right all wrongs" (pp. 129-130). Yet in the Soviet Union there was "much room for personal and clique influences and interests, corruption, and profiteering" (p.97). 1283:. Bucke describes certain lesser facilities, followed by accounts of the prized 'cosmic' state of mind. Fourteen exemplary people of history as presented, shown as each reaching a somewhat similar realization: the plane of cosmic consciousness. 645:

is achieved. Yet throughout, orthodox Mazdeans insisted, it is Ohrmazd who remains supreme, not Zurvan. On the other hand, his adherents held that Zurvan was God of Time, Space, Wisdom, and Power, and the Lord of Death, of Order, and of Fate.

2596:

Zaehner described various ancient quests to attain a mystical state of transcendence, of unification. Therein all contradictions and oppositions are reconciled; subject and object disappear, one passes beyond good and evil. That said, such a

4533:(1971), p.112: "f the Church is indeed the 'mystical' body of Christ, living by the breath of the Holy Spirit, how are we to account for its disgraceful, blood-stained history?" The "root-sin of the Church has, ever since the conversion of 2226:

nothing: we must not try to achieve a 'harmony' of religions at all costs when all we can yet see is a 'concordant discord'... At this early stage of contact with the non-Christian religions, this surely is the most that we can hope for."

360:

discusses "Zaehner's extraordinary truth telling" which may appear "politically incorrect". The "too truthful professor" might be seen as "a redemptive or compensatory act" for "his earlier career in dissimulation and deception" as a spy.

4142:(1961), pp. 181–184, 193–247 (Zurvan); pp. 284–301 (Sassanid state: the mean at 285, 286 & 289, 287: quotes; the treaty at 286–287, castes at 284–285); pp. 58–60, 299, 317-318 (Saoshyans); pp. 228–229 quote, 296, 302 (the Frashkart). 5479:(1957), p.152: the Virgin Mary "perfect as a symbol of the soul in grace and in love" is "enveloped and penetrated through and through by the Holy Ghost and made pregnant of the eternal Wisdom of God." At p.168: in the Hindu 'trinity' 1306:, illumination. Instead, what Zaeher suggests is a profound difference between, e.g., the pantheistic vision of a nature mystic, admittedly pleasant and wholesome, and the personal union of a theist with the Divine lover of humankind. 4980:(New York: Harcourt, Brace 1925). In the Preface Leuba writes that the "hortatory, apologetic, and romantic character" of most literature on mysticism "accounts for its scientific insignificance." While using the factual arguments of 3468:(New Delhi: Orient Longman 1978), p. 249. Radhakrishnan's "role has been described as that of a 'liaison officer' between East and West... as a 'philosophical bilinguist'... as a bridge builder facilitating intellectual commerce... ." 3246:

During the 1951 attempted overthrow, Zaehner is said to have enlisted support of politicians, editors, aristocrats, army officers, tribal chiefs, businessmen, and others, including several associates of Mossadegh. Ervand Abrahamian,

6567:(1957). The Samkhya-yoga and the Advaita Vedanta may interpret differently what is a very similar mystical experience (pp. 146, 153, 164, 204). A major thrust of Zaehner's 1957 book is his typology, i.e., he demonstrates the actual 7879:(1981), p. 267: Such human collaboration is a spiritual quest that "by a concentrated effort of the entire being accomplish in a short time the results that, with less clear vision and less inward pressure, might take millennia." 6338:

sought to fit Samkhya teachings to traditional Yoga practice, hence their great similarity. While Samkhya is explicitly atheistic, Yoga darsana was known as "theistic" (Eliade's term, p.16), it allowed a small role for the deity

2073:

are addressed in terms of the individual Self, material Nature, Liberation, and Deity. The useful Appendix is organized by main subject, and under each entry the relevant passages are "quoted in full", giving chapter and verse.

1302:. Zaehner does not dispute that these spiritual visionaries reach a distinguishable level of awareness. Nor does he deny that by following a disciplined life sequence over time one may be led to mystical experience: withdrawal, 413:, and the academic chair had a subtext of being "founded to propagate a kind of universalism". Zaehner's inaugural lecture was unconventional in content. He delivered a strong yet witty criticism of "universalism" in religion. 356:

a second nature. It was, then, with relief that I returned to academic life because, it seemed to me, if ever there was a profession concerned with a single-minded search for truth, it was the profession of the scholar." Prof.

10042:(1964), p.147: "By their fruits shall ye know them." Yet some Catholic Church "fruits in the past have been bitter, rotten fruits that would, had it been possible, have corrupted the very tree, Christ, from which they sprang." 9036:(Paris 1959; New York: Harper & Row 1964), re comparative reappraisal of Marxist (newly-born force of transhominization) and Christian (traditional impulse of worship) in essay "Faith" pp. 198-200, also "Heart" at 276-278. 2871:, but it did split up into different religions and cultures, each having its own particular flavour, and each separated from the rest. With the outpouring of the Holy Spirit... the scattering of man which is symbolised by the 1538:, and inflated, an idea seeded with future misunderstandings. Yet, considering Huxley's conversion to Vedanta and to his immersion in Zen, Zaehner arrived at an appraisal of Huxley that was nuanced, and selectively in accord. 910:

Pursuit of his chosen point of view was not without criticism, including from other academics. Nor did Zaehnerr's Christian belief prevent him from disclosing his own obvious, truth-be-told criticism of the historical church.

6190:, in referring the individual's unifying Self to the presence of the Deity, may describe the insight that completes the link. Cf., p.118. Such a bridge may otherwise be interpreted as going from nature to monistic mysticism. 1776:

ever-increasing understanding between religions. "We have much to learn from Eastern religions, and we have much too to give them; but we are always in danger of forgetting the art of giving--of giving without strings... ."

5627:(9157), p.171. He paraphrases Jan van Ruysbroeck: when the soul finds 'rest in God', the soul may become ablaze in God's love; then the soul's "living flame kindled by the fire of God is reunited with the divine fire". 3724:

period (247 BCE to 224 CE) in Iran, Zoroastrianism survived if not flourished, or was little practiced, confused and inauthentic. Zaehner chose the latter (the Sasanians "restored the Zoroastrian faith"). Compare: her

1596:

An advanced mystic may attain a recurrent state of tranquil, steady illumination in meditative isolation. The Samkhya understands this as the benign emergence within the practicing yogin of his own purified, immortal

502:. With insight and learning (and his war-time experience) Zaehner shed light on key issues in contemporary spiritual life, writing abundantly. "His talent lay in seeing what to ask, rather than in how to answer... ." 2528:

story has to be interpreted against the background of our evolutionary origin. Once we do this, then the Fall begins to look more like an ascent than a degradation. For self-consciousness which transforms man into a

7623:(Bombay: Asia Publishing House 1964; : Orient Longman, Bombay, 1978), quote p.198. 1978 rewritten chapter on "Sri Aurobindo" at pp. 193-219, his biography at 195-198. Aurobindo also called 'Aravinda' (p.vi). Before 1451:

are discussed. Zaehner's "Isolation" composite is divided in its two components: the Dualist, and the Monistic. These two types may be deemed functionally equivalent, yet as self-defined the Monistic experience (of

436:, Zaehner discussed this traditional, cross-cultural spiritual practice. Based on mystical writings, he offered an innovative typology that became widely discussed in academic journals. He also analyzed claims that 9630:(New York: Dutton 1972; reprint Avon 1972) describes the occult indoctrination used by Manson, and his loopy rationale of the murders. Zaehner quotes it and obtained knowledge of Manson's crimes from it. Zaehner, 2298:

hierarchical system thus developed during the Stalinist era, which appeared to be a perverse copy of the organization of the Roman Catholic Church. Zaehner did not overlook the deadly, hideous atrocities, whether

2702:

The book's title is somewhat misleading. It attaches well, however, to its first chapter, "Rot in the Clockwork Orange", about the putative rationale of then contemporary episodes of mayhem and murder. About the

211:. Often he was stationed in the field among the mountain tribes of northern Iran. After the war he also performed a more diplomatic role at the Tehran embassy. Decades later another British intelligence officer, 8109:(New York: Pathfinder 1969), the 1938 title essay (pp. 15-53). The "proletariat" will or should follow "laws of the development of society, thus primarily from the class struggle, this law of all laws" (p.49). 369:

Zaehner worked at the university until his death, aged 61, on 24 November 1974 in Oxford, when he collapsed in the street while walking on his way to Sunday evening mass. The cause of death was a heart attack.

2159:" change in consciousness radical and complete" of no less a jump in "spiritual evolution" than "what took place when a mentalised being first appeared in a vital and material animal world." Regarding his new 1962:, Yudhishthira then "allowed himself be tricked into a game of dice." In contesting against very cunning and clever players, he gambles "his kingdom and family away." His wife becomes threatened with slavery. 7353:

to devastate Job and his family. Later without guile Job disputed accusations that he was being punished for commensurate sins, e.g., he says aloud to God, "You know very well that I am innocent" (ch. 9, v.

5074:, which defines divinity as male, essentializes women (and secondarily, male souls) as passive... ." The result is that male heterosexuals cannot be understood to act "as threats to a single male God." 5044:(Penguin 1963): "The Spiritual Marriage" in Christianity (pp. 253-256). The united oneness with deity is "not merely a passing experience" but "a permanent state of life" (p.25x quote). Later he quotes 4117:

was not uneventful. Scholars often differ over conflicting theories of Zoroaster's original message by turns compromised and transformed, a schism that split the religion, survivals of the preexisting

1325:

or mystic, following his spiritual discipline, may encounter the holy presence of the male Deity. The Christian Church as a whole, as a community of souls, for millennia has been self-described as the

7741:(Alwaye, Kerala: Pontifical Institute 1972), pp. 50-51: Yoga accelerates nature's evolution of consciousness. "The liberation that Aurobindo's yoga aims at is not only personal but collective" (p.53). 4984:, Leuba is not in total agreement with him. Later, at p.318, Leuba writes, "For the psychologist who remains within the province of science, religious mysticism is a revelation not of God but of man." 1569:

soul (purusa) emerges, becomes more and more defined and distinct, as it separates from entangling nature (prakriti). Prakriti includes even the nature affecting personal qualities, such as the three

420:

opines that what concerned Zaehner was "to make it clear from the start of his tenure of the Chair that he was nobody else's man." Zaehner continued an interest in Zoroastrian studies, publishing his

7387:. The second time Yudhishthira agrees to roll the dice, it is expressly stated because he cannot disobey his elder, Dhrtarastra (bk. 2, ch. 67, v. 1–4; p. 158). Vidura and Dhrtarastra are his uncles. 3280:(Harvard University 2008), p. 153. "The defeat of movement was a watershed that marked renewed antagonism between the rulers and the ruled, as well as intensified abhorrence of Western imperialism." 2602:

transcendent point, a troubled drug user may go wrong by feeling licensed to do anything, with no moral limit. The misuse of a mystical state and its theology eventually can lead to an horrific end.

10113:

toward a unifying vision. Zaehner clearly demonstrated full commitment per (a), but is often censured by academics for his frank criticism of what he thought were 'unrealistic' expectations per (b).

10055:(1963) p. 199 (quote). Cf., p. 19: This book "does not attempt to be an objective study..., rather it is a subjective interpretation... seen from an individual angle within... the Catholic Church." 5967:(1957), pp. 212-226: a December 1955 mescaline episode supervised by Dr. Smythies of the Psychological Laboratory, Cambridge, with the assistance of Mr. Osborn of the Society for Psychic Research. 104:, he was the son of Swiss–German immigrants to England. Zaehner "was bilingual in French and English from early childhood. He remained an excellent linguist all his life." Educated at the nearby 928:

The book opens with a lucid statement of his own contested hermeneutic: "with comparative religion," he says, "the question is who's to be master, that's all" (p. 9). He starts by saluting

10557:"Marxian communism and dialectical materialism" (1967), pp. 406-412 (the 'Tao'). In the 1997 edition by Barnes and Noble, appears extensively revised as "Dialectical Materialism", pp. 393-407. 2243:, both as philosophical-religious theory (discussed below), and here in its practical business running a sovereign state. In its ideological management of political and economic operations, 476:

An American professor described Zaehner in a different light: "The small, birdlike Zaehner, whose rheumy, color-faded eyes darted about in a clay colored face, misted blue from the smoke of

308:

called Robin Zaehner, later professor of Eastern religions at Oxford." Such Anglo and later American interference in Iran, which eventually reinstalled the Shah, has been widely criticized.

8730:

An upside-down Hegel in the materialist philosophy of Engels, the weaponized cynical ideology crafted by Lenin, Stalin's opaque screen of statistical misanthropy, Maoist guerrilla war then

5310:(Toronto: Inner City 1987), pp. 29-43: discussion of Mechthilde's writings, e.g., her being among the "brides of Christ" and the "frankly sexual nature of her imagery" (pp. 30-31), and the 8254:"The Church as a social institution, as part of history, is sinful, liable to fall and to distort , passing off the temporary and human as the eternal and divine." Berdyaev (1960), p.172. 5351:, a divine/human figure in Mechthild's imagery, gives birth to the power of God in consciousness." "Mechthild was among the pioneers... to make this interiority conscious" (p.50, quotes). 2504:. Adam and Eve start in an unconscious state, analogous to prehistoric human beings. They remain unaware of good or evil, unconscious of sin. Tasting the forbidden fruit, however, of the 2014:. He discusses these writings in his short Introduction. A brief Glossary of Names is at the end. "Zaehner's extraordinary command of the texts" was widely admired by his academic peers. 1052:

phenomenology as a personal experience versus how it has been interpreted by the mystic or by others. Zaehner made his contributions, e.g., to its comparative analysis and its typology.

2516:

results in their awakening. They are naked in the garden, they must leave it. Once unconsciously they enjoyed the free bounty of nature, but now they must work for a living and create a

8757: 9891:

11:4). ... The purpose of the sacrifice is to confer immortality on all those who drink the sacred liquid--the life-juice of a divine being pounded to death in a mortar" (pp. 152-153).

7499:(1966) by R. C. Zaehner, translated with introduction and appendix. Following a 40-page Introduction: Text translation pp. 43-109, Commentary 111–403, Appendix 405-464, (cf. pp. 4–5). 2489:, that illuminate the human choices and conflicts, with (2) a conjectured historical narrative of early human society, Zaehner would then employ psychology and literature to craft an 2163:: "The thing to be gained is the bringing in of a Power of Consciousness... not yet organized or active directly in earth-nature, ...but yet to be organized and made directly active." 8023:

Zaehner, "A new Buddha and a new Tao", per section "Marxian communism and dialectical materialism" at 406-412; and his "Conclusion" 413-417, at 415-416, 417, in his

1028:

Zaehner counsels that the reader not "neglect the witness" of Hinduism and Buddhism, as they teach inner truths which, among Christians, have withered and faded since the one-sided

10548:"Jungian depth psychology" (1967), pp. 403-406 (the 'Buddha'). Dropped sometime after 1967 Beacon Press edition, for reasons unknown. See also Zaehner's 1967 "Conclusion" at p.414. 9558:(1981), in his Chap. 10, pp. 208-220, challenges Zaehner's criticism of "the idea of an amoral or immoral component in Indian mysticism" (p.210, quote). Sethna refers to Zaehner's 7813:(Wheaton: Quest 1965, 1970), p. 53: "Integral yoga represents the crowning fulfillment of the yoga systems of India." Hatha, Raja, Tantra, Jnana, Bhakti, and Karma are synthesized. 7574:

Zaehner delivered the same three lectures in Delhi, Calcutta , and Madras , and at Christian colleges, and a fourth lecture at Madras University. These four lectures comprise his

6537:

of the Upanishads... ." The monist notion was that "Brahman was the only reality and individual souls were mere reflections... " (p.64). Cf. 49, 50. The author studied under Swami

1965:

Even so, initially Yudhishthira with "holy indifference" tries to "defend traditional dharma" and like Job to "justify the ways of God in the eyes of men." Yet his disgraced wife

7826:(, 1978): The process of cosmic evolution is preceded by an involution (p. 207), by which the material world is infused with consciousness by the Absolute; thereafter comes the 818:"elevates the whole material creation into the spiritual order, and there the perfection that each created thing has as it issues from the hand of God is restored to it" in the 5249:, the trinity's 'square halo', theodicy, Zoroaster, pride and the split personality. "Jung takes from religion only what confirms and illustrates his psychology." (p.120 quote) 2440:

science and of social studies with traditional religions thought, particularly Christian, drew Zaehner's attention. Serving him as a catalyst were the writings on evolution by

1468:

in which a person identifies with nature, or is similarly thrown back in awe of the unforgettable, vast sweep of the cosmos. Such may be described philosophically as a form of

6426:" or postural yoga (p.3). "opular postural yoga came into being in the first half of the twentieth century as a hybridized product of dialogical encounter with the worldwide 1106:'s psychology. Integration is described as nature mysticism joined to the intellect, whereby reason and the unconscious nourish one another (p. 114). Isolation refers to 6993:

as understood in a mystical epistemology would not be utterly new but, paradoxically, constitute a person's discovery of a pre-existing, abiding identity to cosmic awareness.

882:' ideal of an objective, value-neutral, yet 'secular' rationalism. Traditional Christian and Jewish writings, however, initially provided much of the source material, as did 1643:. Here, the Samkhya understands an isolated, purified, eternal purusa (self); the contrary Vedanta mystic would experience an illuminating connection to the cosmic Brahman. 1402:

were also referenced. The 'explanations' usually drew the mystic's religious heritage. Of the various typologies suggested by Zaehner, the following has been selected here.

6771:(London: George Allen & Unwin 1949, reprint Mandala 1978). The Vedanta is divided: Absolutist or Theist, i.e., Brahma understood either as a monism or as a god (p.152). 2221:

among elites as a platform from which to leap to a unity within current religions. His rear-guard opinions conflicted with major academic trends then prevailing. "In these

10141:

12 (11).7.9 (1072b), "And so we roundly affirm that God is a living being, eternal and supremely good, and that in God there is life and coherent, eternal being. For that

47:. He understood the original language of many sacred texts, e.g., Hindu (Sanskrit), Buddhist (Pali), Islamic (Arabic). At Oxford University his first writings were on the 9295:

p.329), as he raised the possibility, regarding Adam's sin, that knowledge itself is evil, as it meddles with the original harmony of nature, the 'uncarved block' of the

830:

Zaehner contributed other work regarding Zoroaster and the religion began in ancient Iran. The article "Zoroastrianism" was included in a double-columned book he edited,

10881: 2781:

Yet this philosophical theme is somewhat misleading as well, for Zaehner intermittently interjects the ever-present and unwelcome possibility of criminality and mayhem.

2186:) seek to lead India to a spiritual awakening, by facilitating an increasingly common soul-experience, in which each person achieves a mystic union with the One. Such a 6638:(London 1965, reprint NY: Schocken 1966), p.21. In not-Samkhya Hinduism, the individual yogin's "Antaratma (the inner self)" may be realized as connected to the sacred 4358:(1970), quotes: p.10 ("Any man"), p.9 ("Of the books"), p.16 ("In all"), p. 17-18 ("I have"), p.19 ("For what"). Cf. his criitique of a plague of theology, pp. 15-16. 3181:, worked awhile for Zaehner. He wrote a fantastic story in his self-taught English. It was later edited by John Hemming and published, with a foreword by Zaehner, as 2785:

on occasion appears as the personification of the evil side of contemporary drug culture. His depraved mystical con-game provides some unappetizing food for thought.

2129:, later President of India, praised him. "As a poet, philosopher, and mystic, Sri Aurobindo occupies a place of the highest eminence in the history of modern India." 8483:(1967), pp. 402-412, the subsection "Marxian communism and dialectical materialism", pp. 406-412, in 1997 edition, revised as "Dialectical Materialism", pp. 393-407. 1679:

may be experienced as universal totality. The persistent Hindu, after years of prescriptive discipline to purge her soul, may discover an inner stream of Being, the

7019:(1957): two chapters discuss Theism and Monism, another two Mescalin (drug-induced states). The Triune Divinity of Christianity is briefly addressed at pp. 195–197. 1877:. Accordingly, he struggles to follow his conscience, to do the right thing, to avoid slaughter and bloodshed. Yet he finds that tradition and custom, and the Lord 1074:, Oxford. The book's conversational style delivers clarity and wisdom on a difficult subject, and along the way are found many illuminating digressions and asides. 721:

as new substitutes for the excluded old gods, "but as part of the divine personality itself" which may also serve "as mediating functions between God and man". The

187:. Zaehner came then to adopt a personal brand of "nature mysticism". Yet his spiritual progression led him a few years later to convert to Christianity, becoming a 79:, providing an extensive commentary based on Hindu tradition and sources. His last books addressed similar issues in popular culture, which led to his talks on the 7426:(1986), pp. 26, 29:n1, 87:n1 (Yudhishthira rolls the dice, commentary). Among nobles of India then, dice games were an "addiction" or "chief indulgence", p. 29:n1. 2549:, the subject of another book by Zaehner, advocated a disciplined commitment of the spirit, informed by yoga, to advancing the cultural evolution of the species. 1146:. He frames it with a theme of diversity. On experiential foundations, Zaehner then commences to explore the spiritual treasures left to us by the mystics of the 1118:(nature) are separated (p. 106-128). About the Hindu mystics, Zaehner contrasts Samkhya, a dualist doctrine associated with the Yoga method, and non-dualist 899:

insight. Often he combined comparison with a default 'modernist' critique, which included psychology or cultural evolution. Zaehner's later works are informed by

10906: 2456:

as an active symbol of transformation, Christianity as a soul collective, which carries "the promise of sanctification to the material world re-created by man."

2707:, it made world headlines. Zaehner's focus is not on usual criminality but on hideous acts claiming a religious sanction, that with sinister cunning fakes the ' 10667: 444:. His warnings became somewhat qualified by some prudent suggestions. He carefully distinguished between drug-induced states and religious mysticism. Then the 120:

as an undergraduate. It was during this time that he underwent a spontaneous mystical experience, detached of any religious content. He then went on to study

7606:

Radhakrishnan wrote in 1950, "Aurobindo was the greatest intellectual of our age and a major force for the life of the spirit." Quoted in D. Mackenzie Brown,

5153:

When Jung equates the "God-image" with the archetype of the "self", he is expressing in his own psychological terminology the old Hindu identification of the

7274:(1962), Chapter 8, Gandhi at pp. 170–187, Gandhi and Yudhishthira at pp. 170-172, 174, 178, 179, 184. "Gandhi's dilemma was the same as Yudhishthira's". Was 6533:(London: Macmillan 1937; reprint Dover 1959, 1964). "The doctrine of the plurality of souls in the samkhya constitutes an uncompromising departure from the 514:

superficial "harmony and friendship" it would only foster hidden misunderstandings, Zaehner thought, which would ultimately result in a deepening mistrust.

32: 5593:(New York: Herder & Herder 2012), pp. 38-47. Discussion of Jan van Ruusbroec and his "Bridal mysticism". Developed is the gospel parable of Christ as 1764:

Theistic mysticism is common to Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Hinduism also includes its own traditions of theistic worship with a mystical dimension.

565:(224–651) which arose later during Roman times. Until the Muslim conquest, Zurvanism in the Persian world became established and disestablished by turns. 440:

use fit into this spiritual quest. His conclusion was near dismissive. Yet he revisited his harsh words on the naïveté of drug mysticism in his 1972 book

9858: 4159:"Frašegird"), the "Making Wonderful". Humankind enters an eternity of "untroubled goodness, harmony and peace." Boyce on the "Frašegird": pp. 245 (and 2171:

will eventually work a collective transformation in each human being, inviting us as a specie then to actually be able to form and sustain societies of

686:(1961), Zaehner adopted a chronological dichotomy. He first explores origins, the founding of the religion by its prophet Zoroaster. He notes that the 8231:(Penguin 1956), p.43: "according to certain critics, the supposed resemblances with the Catholic Church" occurred when Stalin centralized Soviet power. 1067: 398: 56: 5146:

Zaehner, his article "A new Buddha and a new Tao" (1959, 1967), subsection 'Jungian depth psychology' at pp. 403-406. Zaehner often referenced Jung's

618:. It was in this guise that Zoroastrianism became the state religion in Achaemenid Persia. Without fully abandoning dualism, some started to consider 9692:, June 25, 2011, "Acid Test. Research into hallucinogenic drugs begins to shake off decades of taboo" p. 95; e.g., medical treatments, biotechnology. 5326:

experience of the contrasexual, and through it of the Self". Dourley (1936-2018) was a Catholic priest, a professor of religion, and Jungian analyst.

7967:(1970). Preface. Zaehner writes of the "missing link" between Zen and theism ( p. 304), and "the Hindu bridge" (p. 297), as pathways to convergence. 4964:

of Leuba, "his thesis that mysticism can be explained in terms of pure psychology without any reference to God as a reality distinct from the soul."

2621:. His essay "Rot in the Clockwork Orange" further illustrates from popular culture the possible brutal effects of such moral confusion and license. 659:(1956) was Zaehner's second of three book on Zoroastrianism. It presented the "main tenets" of the religion in the Sasanid era, during the reign of 2864:. It has taken us a long time to realize that we cannot... remove the mote from our brother's eye without first getting rid of the beam in our own. 1526:

A primary aims of Zaehner appeared to be making the distinction between a morally open experience found in nature mysticism as contrasted with the

1099:(pp. 30–83). 'Madness', it is also pointed out, may sometimes result in mental states that accord with those of the mystics (p. 84-105). 409:) of India. Zaehner had applied for this position. Radhakrishnan previously had been advancing a harmonizing viewpoint with regard to the study of 2768:(p. 192). As indicated, Zaehner offers a comparison of these Ancient Greek philosophers to the Vedic wisdom of ancient India, especially the 331: 7248:(Krishna advocates war prompting Yudhishthira's dilemma, and opposition), pp. 154, 181 (following Krishna's urging Yudhishthira utters a "lie"). 7160:

is a strange kind of book," writes Zaeher. As a major hero "Yudhishthira shows sympathy" for criticism about the "injustice" in the caste laws (

5264:(; NY: Sheed & Ward 1946, reprint 1989 by Image Doubleday), the fifth mansion concerns Spiritual Betrothal, the seventh Spiritual Marriage. 3168:(1975), p. 623. In Iran stationed at the British Embassy during 1943–1947, and 1951–1952. Zaehner enjoyed a "large number of Persian friends." 2677:, Zaehner writes that by Leary's near deification of sexuality he "would appear to part company" with most nature mystics and, e.g., with St. 2394:

with the push and pull of human affairs. The true dialectic stays closely connected to the possibly-fierce dynamic of working-class struggle.

1683:, in which she herself is encompassed like wet in the sea. Such a transformative consciousness of spiritual energy emits eternities of bliss. 10876: 7866:" (p.542). Yet we must "remember that the gnostic level... is not the supreme plane of our consciousness but a middle or link plane" (p.553). 7701:, found Zaehner well-read and in "fine sympathy" with Aurobindo. Yet however "well-grounded" his grasp was not total, e.g. Sri Aurobindo was 5027:

Kripal (2001), re Zaehner: pp. 181, 183 (erotic), 184-185, 187-188 (gender). According to Kripal, Zaehner "privileges human sexuality as the

3370:(1987), p. 245. Wright mentions an apparently contrary view: "The cords which bind Oxford and British Intelligence together are strong." 2053:

who has taken on human flesh and blood." After his translation, Zaehner provides a long Commentary, which is informed by: the medieval sages

4163:), 246 ("perfect men in the perfect kingdom"), 291 ("the Last Judgment will take place, the earth will be cleansed of evil"), 292 (renewal). 460:

periods of a more sovereign isolation. The lectures were later published in 1970 "just four years before his death" by Oxford University as

10846: 8584:(Oxford Univ. 1941, 2d ed. Humanitis Press 1954, reprint Beacon, Boston 1960), "Preface: A Note on Dialectic" pp. vii-xvi, and pp. 312-322. 4478:" at pp. 102-116. Saksena faults him for non-objectivity. Zaehner, however, had declared in his 1962 Preface that his book (original title 1958:'s palace, "Yudhishthira believes it is against his moral code to decline a challenge." Despite, or because of, his devotion to the law of 1157:. Often he offers a phenomenological description of the reported experiences, after which he interprets them in various theological terms. 4734: 1826:

While an undergraduate at Christ Church in Oxford, Zaehner studied several Persian languages. He also taught himself a related language,

1625:

mystic might interpret it as the experience of the Self, which illuminates the mystic's direct connection to the all-inclusive entity of

1186:." Zaehner leaves aside the 'sacrificial' (as being primarily of historic interest), and the 'Buddhist' (due to contested definitions of 3515:(Oxford 1939) discussed, e.g., Hindu influence on the ancient Greeks, and "common elements in Christianity and Hinduiism" (pp. 159–160). 862:

In addition to the two titles below, other works of Zaehner are comparative or have a significant comparative element. Among these are:

10896: 10000:, nature, and theism, while questioning some divinity claims of monism. Cf. p.83 re Jefferies, "this prince of nature mystics" (p.85). 5224:

for the unifying Self (conjoining both the conscious and the unconscious). For Christians Jesus may symbolize the Self; for Hindus the

2355:

of Christianity, through its centuries-long role in guiding the social-development of church communities. Here Zaehner was inspired by

3230: 2794:

There is indeed a sharp division between those religions whose characteristic form of religious experience is prayer and adoration of

10961: 9834:(1958, 1962), p.30: "The prophet confronts the mystic: and each speaks a different language that is not comprehensible to the other." 9562:(1971), pp. 18-20, which discusses "a state so rudimentary that self-awareness and the moral sense have yet to arise" (p.210, quote). 7307:(1970), Chapter IX, "The Greatness of Man and the Wretchedness of God", pp. 172–193, devotes attention to Yudhishthira (pp. 176-193). 1561:(the human soul aware). Its dualism generally contrasts the 'objectively' seen (prakriti) and the subjective seer (purusa). Long ago 10835: 6843:(Calcutta: Firma KLM 1968, 1983). Brahman by Maya (illusion) and ignorance makes the world seem real (pp. iiii-xiii, xv-xvii, xxiv). 5756:(1927, 1959). A typology of mystical practice and experience was derived by Dasgupta from the Hindu tradition, texts and literature. 3828:(1955, 1972), finite Time, victory of Ohrmazd (pp. 106–107 quote, and 100–101); Zurvan as God (p. 219), as Lord (pp. 239, 248, 254). 2370:, and eastern mysticism" in a philosophy that resembled religious teaching. This theme, however, was not taken up or developed in a 1102:

A chapter "Integration and isolation" takes a comparative view, discussing mystics of Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam, as well as

590:(the Aggressive Spirit) who chose to turn evil. These two created Spirits were called twins, one good, one evil. Over the centuries 10936: 10901: 10647:

Shri Krishna Saksena, Essays on Indian Philosophy. University of Hawaii Prss, Honolulu 1970. Chapter (pp. 102–116) on Zaehner.

7231:

before the battle of Kuruksetra (pp. 92-100). Yudhishthira is "ordered to do so by the Lord Krishna", i.e, to "lie" (p.117, quote).

2881:

claimed to have known God 'for a short time' only, but that was enough. He was never so immodest as to claim that he had known the

1752:

the Samkhya dualist understands that in his transcendent meditation he will begin to perceive his own emergent Self as an isolated

1321:

religions traditionally identify the gender of the supreme Being as male. In Islam and in Christianity, the soul of the often male

798:(e.g., "the just equipoise between excess and deficiency", Zoroastrian "law", and "wisdom or reason"). As an ethical principle the 232:

officer. He then resumed his academic career at Oxford doing research on Zoroastrianism. During 1949, however, he was relocated to

1534:

which held as uniform all mystical experience. Accordingly, he understood Huxley's interpretation of 'nature mysticism' as naïve,

1352:

Along with other authors, Zaehner writes of the mystics' marriage symbolism and erotic imagery. He quotes an exemplary passage of

1091:(pp. 1–29, 208–226). Next, the subject of nature mystics is described and appraised, including two examples from literature: 8651: 4935:

Schebera (1978), pp. 20-24. Schebera includes among advocates of an accessible mystical unity of historically diverse religions:

2117:

for Indian independence. Hence he was jailed. There in 1908 he had a religious experience. Relocating to the then French port of

10921: 10696: 6297:(1970), positive: pp. 37-38 (where he "rightly saw... the true nature of the soul"); negative: 438 ("manifest error"), 442-443. 5180:(Zurich 1939; London 1942, Yale University 1943, 6th ed. 1962). An ego's animating figure (and entryway to the unconscious) is 3863:); p. 35 (quote "opposition"), p. 37 (quote "enemies"); p. 40 (quotes "settled", "marauding"); p. 42 (quote "Truth" and "Lie"). 3197:

Cf., Zaehner, "Zoroastrian survivals in Iranian folklore" (1965), pp. 87–96, at 88–89 re 'Ali Mirdrakvandi and his book. Also:

2505: 2172: 488: 7993:(1970), p. 383 ("unfashionable" quote), p. 7 ("force nothing" quote). Cf. p. 296-299: ecumenical strategies Christian and Zen. 5018:. "Divine love and human love at their highest are both, it would seem, sexual, for sexual love surpasses even parental love". 4155:, vol.1 (1975), p.232: Ohrmazd's cosmic triumph ushers in this "glorious moment" at the end of the era, "termed Frašo.kǝrǝti ( 266:, asked Zaehner at a cocktail party in Tehran what book he might read to enlarge his understanding of Iran, Zaehner suggested 10941: 10770: 7525:(1989), pp. 179, 204–205. His Spaulding chair predecessor at Oxford, Prof. Radhakrishnan, had published a translation of the 5524:(1981), p.114: "contrary to all ancient traditions, the moderns tend to regard the male as the more concupiscent of the two." 2589:. Consequently, Zaehner wanted to reach this "wider public". During the late 1960s he was "very often invited to talk on the 810:, which governed their struggle in Finite Time. Other doctrines came into prominence, such as those about the future saviour 256:

describes Robin Zaehner as "a born networker who knew everyone who mattered in Tehran" with a taste for gin and opium. "When

9116:(1981), p.16: Teilhard "brought the sacrificed Christ of the altar down into the laboratory, the workshop, and the factory." 2669:

of Japan. Apparently each describes a crucial difference between meditation and such experiences as LSD (pp. 114–116).

1737:

distinctions. Not addressed independently in this context were other forms of mysticism, e.g., the Theravada, the Mahayana,

1698:. A realized person's antaratma or inner self is directly identical with the paramatma, the Supreme Soul or Brahman. As the 9133:(1970), p.347-349 (re Job and Yahweh, but contra at p.354), and re Eden and human consciousness, or with disapproval as in 2307:, perpetrated during Stalin's rule, chiefly on his own overworked citizenry. Zaehner, however, did not further pursue the 1205:(b) the Yogic "unity" outside space and time, either (i) of the eternal monad of the mystic's own individual soul per the 10579:

The Hindu Mystical Experience: A comparative philosophical study of the approaches of R. C. Zaehner & Bede Griffiths.

8070: 4576: 2244: 1714:

mistakes for an isolated purusa (self) is really the Brahman: the whole of the universe; all else is illusion. Brahma is

633:

Zurvan could be described as divinized Time (Zaman). With Time as 'father' twins came into being: the ethical, bountiful

9887:(1958) p. 152 (quote). "Haoma is both a plant and a god. ... As a god Haoma was the son of Ahura Mazdah, the Wise Lord ( 8658:(; Yale University 1993), pp. 9-10: fallacy of 'class warfare' theory of Marx: societies that harmonize their opposites. 5031:

of the very highest stages of mysticism and sexual language as the most appropriate expression of these states" (p.183).

3477:

Zaehner's 1953 Spalding lecture, "Foolishness to the Greeks", was incorporated as an Appendix, pp. 428–443, in his book

2830:

in so strange a way. ... he Haoma rite with partially fermented juice became the central act of Zoroastrian worship... .

10916: 2635:

As its title indicates, the book addresses a range of contemporary issues. It was expanded from three talks he gave on

2114: 10625:

The Spirituality of the Future: A search apropos of R. C. Zaehner's study in Sri Aurobindo and in Teilhard De Chardin.

9010:(1963), p.74: his critics claimed Teilhard was too little concerned about orthodox notions of individual sin and evil. 4618:(1964), p.9, regarding the temptation of Jesus in the desert, by Satan who promised him all the kingdoms of the world. 3344:(2012), p. 194. The job MI6 gave to Zaehner in Tehran was "ugly: to sow chaos in the heart of a sovereign government." 1748:

presence, the absolute. Constituted is a meditative perception of an all-encompassing "we" absent any hint of "they".

342:. Zaehner is described as "a small, wiry-looking man, clothed in the distracted charm of erudition." In his 1987 book 10946: 8089:(; 3d ed. rev., Dordrecht: Reidel 1963), pp. 102-103 (Communist party fights the class warfare on behalf of the 6135: 6004: 1394: 1048: 60: 6310:(1957). Samkhya's understanding of the subjective self seen as an advance on nature mysticism (pp. 125, 109, 60-61). 3948:(1991), pp. 3–5. Mehr's discussion gives a date of 1750 BC for Zoroaster, stating reasons similar to those of Boyce. 2645:. Although admittedly it repeats some material from his prior books, it is "aimed at a wider audience" (p. 9). 1888:, all his life Yudhishthira struggles to follow his conscience. Yet when Yudhishthira participates in the battle of 1005:

In the introduction, Zaehner laments the "very checkered history" of the Church. Yet he expresses his admiration of

10926: 9255:

Cf., Teilhard de Chardin, "Notes on some possible historical representations of original sin" at pp. 45-55, in his

1986:. "Krishna represents the old order," interprets Zaehner, where "trickery and violence" hold "an honorable place". 494:"Zaehner was a scholar who turned into something different, something more important than a scholar," according to 72: 7934: 4176:(1963), where the Zoroastrianism of the Sasanid era is compared with the ethical vision of quasi-utopian Marxists. 1258:

era. Both Hindu and Muslim are given careful scrutiny, Zaehner discussing their insight into mystical experience.

10951: 9996:, who condemned wholesale all mystics for wanting 'to be like God'. From this attack, Zaehner defends mystics of 9941:

ritual, there was "no serious or real feeling for the death of a god" (p. 460). The same applies for the Iranian

9920:(Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill 1975), pp. 164-165. Boyce criticizes Zaehner's presentation of the Haoma ritual in his 8766: 7597:

1916-1920; republished: Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 9th ed. 1996; reprint: Lotus Press, Wisconsin, 1995).

1982:), duties imposed also on kings. Yudhishthira himself prefers the "constant virtues" mandated by the dharma of a 268: 9808:

See section above "Popular and drug culture" re footnote about Manson's life. Also, here (e.g., pp. 51–75).

9515:(Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle 1970), pp. 105-110, esp. 105-106, the "Self before you were born" p. 108; re Zaehner, 8784:(1848), their vision where the "free development of each is the condition for the free development of all." See 7578:(1971). An Appendix contains his short meditation on Death (pp. 115–121), given at St. Stephen's College, Delhi. 7333:

proper becomes focus of Zaehner in Ch. XVII, pp. 346-355. Yudhishthira and Krishna (177–182, 184–185, 188–190);

6841:

Introduction to Shankara. Being parts of Shankara's commentary on the Brahma Sutras rendered freely into English

5070:

Kripal (2001), pp. 192-193: "In blunt terms" Kripal attacks this metaphor as "clearly a psychosexual product of

4375:

seems somewhat self-disabled when confronting the finer points of the "basically irrational" nature of religion.

2374:

context. Writing in a philosophical mode, Engels utilized "a religion without a personal God and even without a

10911: 10729: 6681:(1965, 1966). Iyengar declares that his view of yoga leads one to experience the "Supreme Universal Spirit" or 6362: 6211:, and the Upanishads; he was becoming a self-described "nature mystic". Eventually he converted to Catholicism. 5926:

Reardon (2012), pp. 170-186, discussion regarding the complexities of the nature of Zaehner's "Isolation" type.

4125:, and political opportunism. Also (pp. 134-135): the confusion added by a "loss of historic memory" during the 3910:(London: I. B. Tauris 1996), pp. 96, 272. Now "very few scholars" dissent to prophet's date of circa "1000 BC". 2323:

ideology has been compared to religious theology, perhaps its original source. Zaehner explored its explicitly

2217:

Regarding the world religions Zaehner held, however, that we cannot use the occasional occurrence of an ironic

8642:, pp. 53-56: an individual at times can fall ignorant of what humanity-as-a-whole seems to unconsciously know. 252:, who had run British propaganda in Iran during the war, recommended him for the Embassy position. Journalist 10886: 8282:, "A State against its People: violence, repression, and terror in the Soviet Union" at pp. 33-202, in 7461:, trans. and ed. by von Buitenen (1975), Yudhishthira about the brahmins (cf. bk. 3, ch. 177; pp. 563-565). . 6410: 6045: 5554: 725:

are "aspects of God, but aspects in which man too can share." Angra Mainyu was the dualistic evil. Dating to

52: 10654:

St. Martin's, New York 1994). Esp. Chapter 5 "Theo-Monistic Hierarchy" (pp. 87–112) references Zaehner.

7135:(New York: Twayne 1971). The most influential work of literature in India; yet not a revealed text like the 2685:, Zaehner opines that "sex without love" would constitute an abandonment of the virtues (pp. 174–175). 390:

book, and lectured in Persian literature. His reputation then "rested on articles on Zoroastrianism, mainly

10620: 9313: 8341: 7849: 7592: 3508: 2822:

One quite arresting resemblance between Zoroastrianism and Christianity remains to be noticed. This is the

2802:, God of Isaac, God of Jacob on the one hand, and religions in which sitting postures designed to find the 2734:. The supporting cast is drawn from his "philosophical milieu" (p. 14). The next four chapters cover: 2636: 1843: 1365: 1177: 814:(Zoroaster himself or his posthumous son). Then after the final triumph of the Good Religion the wise lord 80: 10109:

professor advocated for (a) mutual recognition by rival faiths of the other's spiritual insights, and (b)

6500:

is the "highest and most subtle form of matter", as "the seat of cognition" it determines "right conduct".

5393:, v6), p.232 (Mechthild and 'Christ-eroticism'), p.237 (spiritualization of eroticism, libido and symbol). 4677:(1964), quotes: first 129, three at 130, last 131. Zaehner further discusses the 'mystic mistake' at pp. . 2125:

and was eventually recognized as a Hindu sage. Sri Aurobindo's writings reinterpret the Hindu traditions.

1721:

Zaehner's typology often focused for comparative articulation on some Hindu forms of mysticism, i.e., the

1385:

at Oxford, he became wholly devoted to teaching, research and writing; he abstained from sexual activity.

788:. The Sasanid state's ideological rationale was sourced in Zoroastrian cosmology and sense of virtue. The 10956: 8813: 8292: 7920:

yoga causes an evolutionary consciousness, pp. 11-17, 123, 248; (Hillman, p.95): similar to Integra Yoga.

5586: 4559: 4435:(1958, 1962), pp. 42-43 (Carl Jung), 49 (Wm. James), 76-78 (Aristotle and Jung), 174-175 (Mircea Eliade). 4062:

Vouruna in Iran as forerunner of Ahura Mazda (pp. 48, 53); Zoroaster rejects the heroic warrior Indra as

3357:(2001), p. 162. Kripal comments on Zaehner's Gifford lectures and his earlier Spalding inaugural lecture. 1916:

devotional practices begun in medieval India, and the encounter with, and response to, modern Europeans.

1675:

as nothing but the Divine Unity, inclusive of the mystic subject herself. A special, awesome, impersonal

1647:

divine, immortal, luminous Brahman. Accordingly, in Zaehner's terms, such experience may be either (1) a

1550: 726: 339: 10245:. Athlone Press, University of London, 1960. Reprints: Schocken, New York, 1969; Oneworld, Oxford, 1994. 9744:

French novelist Georges Bernanos (1888-1948) distinguished between lust and sexual desire (prior to the

8053:(; rev. ed., New York: Praeger 1958), pp. 554-561; at p.560: Communism a perverse "counter-church". 2867:

True, the human phylum did not split up into separate subspecies as has been the case with other animal

2681:, who distinguishes mystical ecstasy and sexual ecstasy (pp. 68–69, 70 quote). In later discussing 1565:

adherents adopted doctrines of Samkhya. As a person pursues his spiritual quest under Samkhya-yoga, his

448:

began asking him to talk on the radio, where he acquired a following. He was invited abroad to lecture.

10891: 9413: 8082: 7261:(Hyderabad: Sangam 1986), pp.66-70 (Krishna and Yudhishtriya, at Kuruksetra), at 67 (the "half truth"). 5594: 3707:

founded Sananid rule as Zoroastrian, with labors by the priest Kerdir (p, 16); Zurvan in edict (p. 62).

3311: 2942:

Photographs of R. C. Zaehner are rare. One was published to accompany his obituary by Morrison (1975).

2712: 2463:, according to Teilhard, 'spontaneously' develops into life organisms that reproduce, then such living 2356: 2091: 2030: 630:. The picture is complicated by very different schools of Zurvanism, and contesting Zoroastrian sects. 319: 284: 212: 121: 10506:

With commentary based on the ancient sources. Translated by R. C. Zaehner. Oxford Univ., London, 1969.

6326:(Paris: Editions du Seuil 1962; NY: Funk and Wagnalis 1969, Schocken 1975). Samkhya is oldest of six 4605:(1964), p.9: The Jewish teacher Gamaliel stated that nothing will stop Christianity "if it be of God". 1892:, he is told by Krishna to state a "half truth" meant to deceive. Zaehner discusses: Yudhishthira and 1557:(nature, mostly unconscious exterior matter, but also inner elements of human life not immortal), and 480:

cigarettes, could be fearsome indeed. He was a volatile figure, worthy of the best steel of his age."

5637: 5491: 5362: 2720: 2168: 2145: 1553:

doctrine of India. In appraising the experienced world, Samkhya understood it as composed largely of

456: 300: 10185:. George Allen & Unwin, London, 1956. Reprints: Sheldon Press, 1972; Oxford, 1976. Translation: 8721:(1993), p.237 (quote), p.238: when used to justify violence and killing "utopia turns into a crime". 7565:(Paris 1955; New York: Harper and Row 1959, 1965), was the book that established his public profile. 7278:

a tradition, or was it his conscience? (p. 170 quote, p. 171). The book closes with the modern poet

5549: 4869:, William Blake, Honoré de Balzac, Walt Whitman, Edward Carpenter ('Christian' except 1, 4 & 5). 10793: 9088: 6265: 5856: 5449:(1972), p.69 (Zaehner quote, de Sales); pp. 66-68, 70, 79 (mystical states of religion compared to 5323: 4944: 4664:

in Athens). Zaehner (1964) then artfully quotes St. Paul's words to the philosophers (pp. 128-129).

3448: 3144: 2490: 2126: 1744:

The non-dualist finds a complete unity within a subjective sovereignty: ultimately absorption in a

402: 253: 9769:

The novel and film are discussed in unavoidable graphic language (pp. 19-73: 35-40, esp. 36).

4422:

Christianity, and sees the entirety of humanity's religious history as a kind of diverse symphony.

3837:

A short (156 pages) book published by George Allen and Unwin for a series, Classics East and West.

2412:

itself, its signature political application by communist parties is to a conjectured 'history' of

784:

In Part II, Zaehner discussed the long decline of Zoroastrianism. There arose the teachings about

276: 10137: 9481:

of the Hindus, and Zen (practiced in America); p. 36: excess, the deity Indra as a killer in the

8780: 8597:, p.421: "In Russia all creative Marxist thought had been suppressed; and when it appeared... in 8248: 8003: 7947: 7710: 7383:, Book 2, chapter 51 (pp. 125-127, at 125–126): Yudhishthira first agrees to the game of dice at 6271: 6049:(Zürich/Stuttgart: Rascher 1962; London: Collins and Routledge & Kegan Paul 1963), edited by 5950: 5212:. Comparing terminologies can illuminate or confuse (i.e., work as near equivalents or not): the 3183: 2640: 2578: 2453: 2348: 2256: 1831: 1686:

What is called 'nature' (prakriti in Samkhya), philosophically, does not exist, according to the

1087: 17: 8849:, p.53: "Soviet Russia individual freedom in the interest of the un-free 'development of all'." 6620:(1962, 1966), Brahman (pp. 36-56), the Brahman-Atman synthesis, "Brahman-Atman-Purusha" (49-50). 5685:

Kripal (2001), pp. 189-193, suggests as part of the story: Zaehner suffered from the era's bias.

2049:"was not merely a local prince of no very great importance: he was God incarnate--the great God 1659:, i.e., in neither case is there an interactive, sacred experience with a numinous personality. 10931: 10450: 8691: 7640: 6420:(Oxford University 2010). "Today yoga is virtually synonymous in the West with the practice of 5245:. While praising Jung's ability to heal, Zaehner nonetheless alleges missteps per alchemy, the 4555: 3011: 2845: 2755: 2264: 1488:, there is a narrative description of the author's experience under the influence of mescalin. 1346: 1029: 777:

fell and opposed truth, spurred in part by Zoroaster's reform. In the old Iranian religion, an

709:

religion by making Ahura Mazdah the Creator, the only God. An innovation by Zoroaster was the

669: 506: 352:

had remained loyal to Britain. Wright notes that "I felt like a heel" for confronting Zaehner.

296: 10586:

The Converging Point. An appraisal of Professor R. C. Zaehner's approach to Islamic mysticism.

8708:(Columbia University 1958; Vintage 1961), pp. 24-31 (Lenin's then-updated version of Marxism). 8403:

Criticism of religion is the premise of all criticism. . . . The abolition of religion as the

8193:

that Stalin was the Party and the State; or rather, that the Party and the State were Stalin."

7895:

131 (wholly aware of one's self/being), 137-143 (entirely new and conscious human facilities).

7215:(1962, 1966), Yudhishthira: pp. 64-66 (moksha); 107-108, 111, 115-125 (dharma). Warrior caste 6207:

16: 66–74, at p.74 (1976). Zaehner himself in his mid-twenties had intensely engaged Rimbaud,

4203:

Chapter IV, "Prophets outside Israel" pp. 134–164, Zoroaster discussion at pp. 135–153 (1962).

4076: 1523:

were viewed by Zaehner as "a genuine bridge" between nature mysticism and theistic mysticism.

51:

religion and its texts. Starting in World War II, he had served as an intelligence officer in

10676: 10169:

Oxford University, 1953 (pamphlet). Reprint: Descale de Brouwer, Paris, 1974. As Appendix in

10026: 9273: 9023:(1971), Chap. II, "Marxist evolution" pp.30-63, at 31: Teilhard, at 62: visionary dialectics. 8988: 7682: 7561: 7380: 5533: 5340: 4534: 4419: 4398: 3123:, with Paul Greengrass (Richmond: Heinemann Australia 1987), pp. 243–246, at 244–245 (quote). 2533:

animal is a qualitative leap in the evolutionary process... life becomes conscious of itself.

2509: 2409: 1933: 1857:(1962) is elegant, deep, and short. Zaehner discusses, among other things, the subtleties of 1790: 1516: 410: 383: 168: 109: 6780:

Fernandes (2004), pp. 41-57. About the Vedanta, "Zaehner focuses his attention primarily on

4562:, which required relevance to Christianity. An appendix (195-217) is added (pp. 9, 10, 195). 3537:(reissued 1972) "Preface to the New Printing", pp. v (quote) and vi (Hinduism and Buddhism). 1164:, Zaehner describes five different types of mysticism to be found in Indian tradition: "the 155:

Zaehner enjoyed "a prodigious gift for languages". He later acquired a reading knowledge of

10871: 10866: 10644:

University of Chicago 2001. Chapter III "Doors of Deception" (pp. 156–198) on Zaehner.

10469: 9482: 9084: 9062:(NY: Doubleday 1977, McGraw-Hill 1981), pp. 260, 277-278, 332. Teilhard favored the French 8554: 8411:

happiness. . . . Thus the criticism of heaven turns into the criticism of earth... and the

7980:(1981), pp. 24-33 (convergence, solidarity). A false convergence is also possible (p. 252). 7954:(Los Angeles: Tarcher 1992), re Aurobindo, pp. 47, 173, 182-182, 187-190, 229-230, 553-554. 6651:

Fernandes (2004), p.35 (mystical experience similar, theological interpretation different).

5743:(1960, 1969), p.6. See above, section "Mystical experience", subsection "Hindu and Muslim". 5573: 4696: 4653: 3227: 2900: 2895: 2344: 1531: 1464:

Nature mysticism is a term used to catalogue generally those spontaneous experiences of an

1287: 1279: 1081:. Zaehner himself carefully took this natural psychedelic drug. He discussed in particular 883: 879: 204: 141: 68: 10189:

Il Libro del Consiglio di Zarathushtra e altri testi. Compendio delle teorie zoroastriane.

8809: 8283: 5014:

mysticism... in which sexuality does not turn up." He mentions commentary on the biblical

2541:

of human societies, which happens in the wake of the billion-year biological evolution by

2175:. "It must be remembered that there is Aurobindo the socialist and Aurobindo the mystic." 1486:

Mysticism. Sacred and Profane. An Inquiry into some Varieties of Praeternatural Experience

8: 10637: 10110: 10106: 9937:(Harvard Oriental Series 1925, reprint 1970), pp. 332. Keith states that for the Brahman 9930: 9648: 9100: 8875:

Teilhard is referenced here per Zaehner in the subsection "Materialist dialectics" above.

8621: 8336: 7681:(p.10). Aurobindo retained the outlook of a political reformer and, e.g., with regard to 7279: 5715: 5568: 5385: 5147: 4118: 3877: 3252: 2915: 2875:

comes to an end: the Church of Christ is born and the symbol of unity and union is found.

2849: 2441: 2367: 2327:

perspective, an ancient philosophical view further developed post-Hegel, then adopted by

2110: 2098:

and Jesuit visionary. Zaehner discusses each, and appraises their religious innovations.

2087: 1429: 1021: 717:(Good Mind, Truth, Devotion, Dominion, Wholeness, Immortality). Zaehner interpreted them 558: 406: 315: 237: 220: 10804: 10295:

Matter and Spirit. Their convergence in Eastern Religions, Marx, and Teilhard de Chardin

7677:

which "made the sharpest distinction between Spirit and matter" and from the Vedanta of

7548:

Matter and Spirit. Their convergence in Eastern Religions, Marx, and Teilhard de Chardin

2815: 1476:. Nature mysicism may also include such a state of consciousness induced by drugs. Like 228:

Zaehner continued in Iran until 1947 as press attaché in the British Embassy, and as an

10824: 10724: 10713: 9499: 9080: 8731: 8492: 7758:(pp. 35, 38-39, 77, but cf. 31); Zehner further compares Christian pilgrim journey and 7728:, part 2 (Pondicherry 1958), 6: pp. 105, 107–108, quoted by Sethna (1981), pp. 31–32, . 7715:. Cf. section "Popular & drug cultures" for Sethna's stronger criticism of Zaehner. 6200: 5494:, which is variously defined, and also is "the ordinary word used for sexual pleasure". 5242: 5201: 3150: 3081: 2769: 2538: 1809: 891: 664: 292: 245: 5504: 4012: 2951:

Before becoming an Oxford professor he had been known as Robin Zaehner. Peter Wright,

2933:

His appearance above likely suffers from heart disease, to which he succumbed in 1974.

2500:

In a few different books Zaehner retold in several versions the 'simple' story of the

2290:

what the correct reading of historical necessity was. Such a man he found in himself."

2101:

Aurobindo at age seven was sent to England for education, eventually studying western

1364:

Yet, when approaching this delicate subject, especially at the chaotic threshold to a

1016:"The Catholic Church" chapter starts by celebrating its inclusiveness. Zaehner quotes 279:

in the British Embassy in Tehran. In fact, he continued as an MI6 officer. During the

144:. Thereafter Zaehner held Prof. Bailey in high esteem. He then began work on his book 10022: 9972: 9745: 8140: 7806: 6526: 6208: 5719: 5694: 5597:, and as the bride the soul of the mystic. Prof. McGinn follows the text of his book 5407: 4631:(1974), where Heraclitus, Parmenides, Plato, and Aristotle are extensively discussed. 2964: 2905: 2803: 2586: 2545:. Of the later our bodies are heirs. Of the former our consciousness takes the lead. 2542: 2425: 2375: 2332: 1374: 1342: 1247: 1071: 1066:(1957) was his first published on another subject. It followed his assumption of the 1017: 554: 484: 426: 379: 348:

Wright wrote that Zaehner's humble demeanor and candid denial convinced him that the

249: 241: 44: 8439:(Cambridge University 1965), pp. 22-25 (Marxist socialism compared to Christianity). 6554:(New Delhi: Arnold Heinemann 1974), p. 182-183 (the Samkhya's plurality of purusas). 5133:

to Christianity, "the Spiritual Marriage between God and the Soul". She then quotes

4817:(1960, 1969) at 19, 6 & 10; (a) 7–9, 17; (b) 9–10, 13, 17; (c) 11, 14–16, 17–18. 4405:, Zaehner refers to Mahayana Buddhism and the Tao, and mentions the Hindu tradition. 2537:

In the multiple discussions referenced above, Zaehner is referring to the long-term

2113:

in Sanskrit. He later became a major political orator with a spiritual dimension, a

2061:, ancient scriptures and epics, and modern scholarship. His Introduction places the 878:

In the west the academic field of comparative religion at its origins inherited an '

10813: 10392: 10326: 8626: 8240: 8224: 8182: 8093:). Called "diamat" in 'Soviet speak' it was the cutting edge of the ideology (p.1). 8011: 7636: 6764: 6629: 6427: 6370: 6356: 6129: 5640:(London: Bell & Sons 1914; reprint 2003), pp. 74-75, quoting from Ruysbroeck's 5348: 5217: 5181: 5130: 5122: 4372: 3432: 2813:

difficult to describe in words. Hence his "self" is as hard to grasp as the Indian

2682: 2678: 2666: 2653: 2614: 2371: 2363: 2252: 2202: 1611: 1535: 1512: 1353: 452: 322:

questioned Zaehner about floating allegations that he had doubled as a spy for the

133: 125: 105: 10341:

Dialectical Christianity and Christian Materialism. The Riddell Memorial Lectures.

7084:(1957), pp. 151-152, discussing the union in terms of its analogy to sexual union. 4083:. Ahura/asura, daeva/deva distinctions (¶5), after Zoroaster condemned polytheism. 3961:(1961), pp. 54-55 (Ahura Mazdah); 45-46 ("mediating" quote), 71 ("aspects" quote). 3107:(Naval Institute Press 2006) at 117. Nigel West is the pen name of Rupert Allason. 2485:

Juxtaposing (1) a spiritual understanding of graphic biblical stories, often from

2193:

spiritual advance, is high among the missions of Aurobindo's new 'Integral Yoga'.

455:

led him to write perhaps his most magisterial book. Zaehner traveled twice to the

10784: 10750: 10671: 10501: 10479: 10454: 10411: 10376: 10094: 9993: 9235: 8825: 8062: 7624: 7512:(1966). Quote re Vishnu (p.6); Sankara and Ramanuja (pp. 3, 4, 8; Ramanuja p.40). 7093: 7068: 6710:(; NY: Bollingen 1958, 2d ed. 1969), Yoga & Samkyha pp. 3-46, liberation 31; 6661: 6430:

movement" (p.81). For example, Vivekananda (1863-1902) explicitly warned against

6389:(posture practice) of contemporary yoga. Zaehner's interest, however, was yoga's 5723: 5344: 5303: 4862: 4126: 4015:'s theories to Zoroastrian theology, Zaehner criticizes its accuracy (pp. 49-50). 3772:(1979), dualism: pp. 19–21, cf. 9-10; Zurvan heresy: pp. 67–70, 112–113, 118–123. 3759:(1961) at 34, 42–46 (Zoroaster's teaching); 178–183, 246–247 (Zoroastrian sects). 3278:

The Quest for Democracy in Iran. A century of struggle against authoritarian rule

3234: 3065: 2724: 2716: 2486: 2401: 2386: 2095: 1769: 1695: 1687: 1622: 1527: 1453: 1420: 1338: 1326: 1295: 749: 568:

Zurvan was an innovation analogous to Zoroastrian original doctrine. The prophet

562: 495: 417: 304: 257: 9870:

at 32, and re chap. XIV, "The structure and dynamics of the Self", pp. 222-265,

8452:(Vienna 1952; New York: Praeger 1958), pp. 555-561 (Communism and Christianity). 7673:(1971), pp. 10, 11 (quotes). Aurobindo's teaching was a "clear break" from both 6385:: The yoga tradition (as now popularly known) became transformed, to stress the 6050: 3563:(2004), p.6 (BBC talks, lectures abroad), pp. 10–11 (writing on drug mysticism). 1589:(the ego): all of which the purusa sheds. Of the resulting refined and purified 1169: 10789:. Oxford University, 1955. Reprint: Biblio and Tannen, New York, 1972. {Google} 10347:

Evolution in Religion. A study of Sri Aurobindo and Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.

9385:(1960), Zaehner further articulated his understanding of comparative mysticism. 9165:(1971): the evolving future of humanity. Of these only CD (1970) has an index. 8305: 8210: 7647:(1969), p.193. Aurobindo's early career was as a top political leader in India. 5173: 4973: 4776: 4156: 2910: 2872: 2782: 2704: 2618: 2570: 2501: 2390:

Instead, Marcuse averred, true materialist dialectics are fluid, flexible, and

2272: 1905: 1508: 1398: 1382: 1161: 1147: 1096: 714: 535: 357: 327: 188: 172: 129: 128:, gaining first class honours in Oriental Languages. During 1936–37 he studied 8953:, "Psychological approach to the dogma of the Trinity" (Zurich 1942, 1948; in 8610:

Not to say, of course, that Zaehner and Marcuse were on exactly the same page.

4866: 4520:

Cf., Kripal (2001), pp. 192-194, re a view on conflicts in Zaehner's writings.

4297:

to a value neutrality, as it inherited or developed conflicting stands, e.g.,

2656:

and its relevance to mysticism, Zaehner discussed the drug's popular advocate

2275:

provided a master key to these "natural" laws, however difficult to decipher.

10860: 10460: 9688: 9076: 9063: 8994: 8752: 8735: 8598: 8371: 8370:(1952, 1958), p.553: There is "a great deal of difference between Engels and 8279: 7913: 7905: 7832: 7706: 7610:(University of California 1958), pp. 124 . Chap. X on Aurobindo, pp. 122-138. 6793: 6634: 6538: 6319: 5193: 5015: 4981: 4572: 3155:(2012). pp. 193–194 (Lambton), p. 194 (description of Zaehner, Martin quote). 3102:

At Her Majesty's Secret Service. The chiefs of Britain's intelligence agency

2857: 2827: 2795: 2657: 2610: 2546: 2449: 2437: 2413: 2280: 2179: 2152: 2019: 1955: 1738: 1504: 1492: 1477: 1299: 1291: 1274: 1255: 1234: 1092: 1082: 967: 944: 904: 790: 730: 580: 280: 262: 137: 113: 76: 8499:(New York: Schocken 1968, reprint U. of Notre Dame 1984), pp. 7-43, 103-143. 6664:, "Jung's equation of the ground of being with the ground of the psyche" in 2975:

38/3: 823–824, at 823 (1975). She identifies his ancestry as "Swiss German",

2730:

Yet, very differently, about his book on the whole Zaehner says its hero is

1940:

evidently considered the war and the destructive duties of the warrior (the

1830:, used to write the early Hindu sacred books. Decades later he was asked by 1601:. A plurality of purusas exist, as many as there are people. A mystic's own 794:

provided spiritual support for human activities according to an articulated

10596: 9287: 9096: 9075:

Begun in France the 'worker priest' movement was similar to the Protestant

8466: 8102: 7759: 7694: 7674: 7377:

The Mahabharata. 2. The Book of the Assembly Hall 3. The Book of the Forest

6690: 6689:" (p.53). Cf. p.49: "union with the Creator". Thus, Iyengar indicates that 6225: 6183: 5730:" of the body (158); and "the enforced uniformity of Soviet man" (159-160). 5480: 5371: 5045: 4961: 4764: 4588:

New York, Hawthorn; concurrently published in London by Burns and Oates as

4221:

Chapter XIX, "Beneath the Sun of Satan" pp. 385–403, at pp. 387–394 (1970).

4194:

The two related articles (1952, 1965), and its posthumous "Part II" (1992).

3674: 2764: 2662: 2513: 2295: 2239:

Zaehner used a comparative-religion approach in his several discussions of

2003: 1925: 1862: 1715: 1703: 1691: 1500: 1227: 999: 933: 706: 586: 391: 323: 200: 10099:

One Earth, Many Religions. Multifaith dialogue and global responsibilities

9333:(1971), pp. 28-31. Religion is one primary vehicle for cultural evolution. 7550:. See "Cultural evolution" and "Materialist dialectics" subsections below. 1138:

His innovative 1960 book compares the mystical literature and practice of

10690: 9783: 9478: 9475: 9241: 9092: 8090: 7787: 7678: 7384: 7346: 6781: 6716: 6694: 6352: 6335: 5260: 5197: 5161:, the ground of the entire universe. Zaehner (1959, 1967), p.414 (quote). 4936: 4322: 3846:

Zaehner (1956), Chapter IV, pp. 52–66. The "main tenants" quote at p. 11.

3223: 3068:, "Introduction" pp. xi–xix, at p. xiii (quote), to Zaehner's posthumous 3014: 2853: 2517: 2494: 2477: 2472: 2421: 2352: 2286: 2263:. It dominated the political economy of society through its application, 2137: 2118: 2054: 2025: 1975: 1929: 1839: 1772:, which departs from the Advaita Vedanta of Sankara (see above section). 1473: 1456:) is not an isolated event but instead is connected to the cosmic unity. 1207: 929: 574: 542:

in academic journals. He labored for many years on a scholarly work, his

147: 48: 43:(1913–24 November 1974) was a British academic whose field of study was 10683:

Robert D. Hughes, "Zen, Zurvan, and Zaehner: A Memorial Tribute... " in

10199:. Clarendon Press, Oxford University, 1957, reprint 1961. Translations: 6008:. Being the Gifford Lectures at Edinburgh (London: Longmans, Green 1902) 5676:(1957), p.152. Otherwise sex may become "a desecration of a holy thing." 5048:, "I was embraced with love as a bridegroom embraces his bride" (p.269). 3746:(1955, 1972), pp. 3–5 (dualism of Zoroaster, and development of Zurvan). 2806:

you are thought to be the most appropriate way of approaching the Deity.

1928:

in a chapter from his Gifford Lectures. Analogies appear to connect the

1530:

of the theist. Zaehner set himself against Aldous Huxley's style of the

10717: 9913: 9782:

was "written on the emotional wave following the murder of the actress

9623: 8739: 6431: 5315: 5294:(Mahwah: Paulist Press 1997), translated and introduced by Frank Tobin. 5071: 5061:(1957), p.120: soul as feminine, biblical and koranic God as masculine. 4491: 4310: 3717: 3704: 3118: 3097: 2838: 2809: 2774: 2739: 2735: 2674: 2417: 2222: 2218: 2007: 1974:, eventually he harshly criticizes the bloody duties of a warrior (the 1889: 1520: 1334: 1251: 1194:(a) the Upanishadic "I am this All" which can be subdivided into (i) a 1124: 1006: 987: 963: 937: 900: 349: 344: 288: 248:. Again in 1951–1952 he returned to Iran for government service. Prof. 184: 10179:. Oxford University, 1955. Reprint: Biblio and Tannen, New York, 1972. 9843:

Zaehner, "A New Buddha and a New Tao" pp. 402–412, at 403 (quote), in

9647:(1981), chapter "The Wickedness of Evil" pp. 27-44, which begins with 4474:(University of Hawaii Press 1970), chapter "Professor Zaehner and the 4261:

E.g., Muslim, Zoroastrian, Hindu, Buddhist, Taoist, Confucian, Shinto.

1998:(1966) Zaehner translates ancient sacred texts, his selections of the 10305:. Burns & Oates, London, 1964. Alternate title, and translation: 10225:. Faber & Faber, London, 1958. Alternate title, and translation: 10102: 10077: 9126: 8950: 8836:(Oxford University 1990), pp. 484-489, tens of millions dead (p.486). 8762: 8132: 8007: 7917: 7793: 6415: 6366: 6331: 4940: 4661: 4338: 4326: 4302: 4298: 4122: 4096:(Delhi: Ajanta 1982), pp. 19-22: ahura/asura, daeva/deva, Iran/India. 3931:, dated at 1700 BC, and the pastoral social economy described in the 3212:

Iranian Intellectuals and the West. The tormented triumph of nativism

2878: 2731: 2445: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2300: 2268: 2260: 2240: 2141: 1979: 1942: 1901: 1694:(c. 7th century). The objective 'other' is ultimately an illusion or 1640: 1593:

there is yielded the eternity of the yogin's true Self in isolation.

1496: 1469: 1318: 1303: 1267: 1233:(c) the Bhakti mysticism of love, according to the commentary on the 1212: 1103: 1078: 811: 702: 660: 569: 549:(1955). This book provides an original discussions of an influential 539: 477: 97: 10235:

Inde, Israël, Islam: religions mystiques et révelations prophétiques

9786:

and some of her friends by members of a cult led by Charles Manson."

6830:(1923, 1930; 2006), v.2, pp. 561-594: Maya, and Advidya (ignorance). 5241:(1957), pp. 118-123. Here Zaehner enters on a sustained critique of 2069:

epic and of Hindu religious teachings and philosophy. Issues of the

1850:

gives us the foremost compendium on Hindu religion and way of life.

10512:

Edited by R. C. Zaehner. Hawthorn Books, New York, 1959. Reprints:

10073: 9369: 9221:(1971), pp. 60-65: the garden, the sin and the knowledge, the fall. 9066:

movement, suppressed temporarily in the mid-1950s by the hierarchy.

8758:

Stalin and Mao. A comparison of the Russian and Chinese Revolutions

6903:

of the Samkya, however truncated, originated in the concept of the

6789: 5661:

Mysticism Buddhist and Christian. Encounters with Jan van Ruusbroec

5319: 4657: 4342: 3928: 3729:(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1979, 1985), pp. 80–82; and, his 3178: 2861: 2524:

The discovery of evolution hit the Christian churches hard... . he

2379: 2308: 2102: 2058: 1999: 1966: 1835: 1827: 1765: 1734: 1635: 1586: 1570: 1481: 1369: 1349:(c.1208-1282/1294) provides a special example of the woman mystic. 1238: 1010: 991: 695: 550: 437: 335: 156: 64: 10615:

Christian and Non-Christian Dialogue. The vision of R. C. Zaehner.

8866:(New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich 1971), reprint Harvest 1974). 8812:, et al., Le Livre noir du communisme (Paris 1997); translated as 6733:(1957), pp. 173-174, 181, 203, 206; but 140; see chapters 6, 8, 9. 5347:

pp. 49, 76; Jung pp. 48-51). "The process of intercourse with the

3999:

lawful), 66 (Ahura Mazdah and Vouruna), 82-83 (laws of Zoroaster,

3017:

of our time". Zaehner's 1972 "Preface to the New Printing" to his

10498:

Translated and edited by R. C. Zaehner. J. M. Dent, London, 1966.

10069: 9997: 9461:

was "an expansion of three radio broadcasts" on BBC (p.265, n13).

7140: 6990: 6929: 6785: 6390: 6327: 6105:(1957, 1961), pp. 50-83 (Proust and Rimbaud), pp. 30-45 (others). 5727: 5311: 5225: 4306: 3721: 2868: 2834: 2799: 2747: 2727:(p. 35). Portrayed therein is crazy, soul-killing violence. 2708: 2574: 2320: 2133: 2046: 2034: 1983: 1937: 1878: 1870: 1838:. Unexpectedly Zaehner insisted on first reading in Sanscrit the 1730: 1726: 1711: 1680: 1668: 1630: 1554: 1546: 1413: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1187: 1119: 1107: 995: 979: 807: 803: 614: 608: 10632:

The idea of God in Hinduism according to professor R. C. Zaehner

10476:"Our Father Aristotle" in Ph. Gignoux et A. Tafazzoli, editors, 9398:

lays out on a broad canvas issues of comparative mysticism, the

8629:: the mechanistic vs. the 'true' party dialectic, pp. 33-34, 47. 7608:

The White Umbrella. Indian political thought from Manu to Gandhi

6369:

is based" (pp. 18-19 quote, 160-162). Samkhya darsana is one of

4859:

Cosmic Consciousness. A Study in the Evolution of the Human Mind

4826:

Junayd at pp. 135-153, Ghazali at 153–175. Zaehner (1960, 1969).

4686:

Fernandes (2004), p.89 (spiritual pride may lead to barrenness).

4498:(Leiden/Köln: E. J. Brill 1975), pp. 164-165, re Zaehner on the 2351:. An unlikely analogy was to the worldly benefits caused by the 1816:(1960), and like analyses, see "Comparative Mysticism" section. 1266:

In his work on comparative religion, Zaehner directly addressed

498:, a professor of philosophy at Oxford, who wanted to call him a 10081: 9935:

The religion and philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads, vol. II

9296: 8993:(Paris 1955; New York: Harper Row 1959, 1965), introduction by 7497:

The Bhagavad Gita with commentary based on the original sources

7228: 6711: 6534: 6340: 5339:(Routledge 2014), pp. 38-55 (Mechthilde, e.g., in context: the 5314:(pp. 34-36). At p.42 Dourley opines about Mechthilde, applying 4160: 4036: 3490:

Michael Dummett, "Introduction" (1981) to Zaehner's posthumous

2598: 2188: 2106: 2050: 2042: 2038: 1971: 1951: 1913: 1893: 1858: 1787:

he returned to the Christian faith. Decades later he published

1722: 1558: 1484:, but Zaehner came to a different conclusion. In his 1957 book 1199: 1195: 1182: 1154: 1143: 971: 948: 744: 691: 687: 544: 219:"I studied Zaehner's Personal File. He was responsible for MI6 208: 164: 10604:

A Theological Analysis of R. C. Zaehner's Theory of Mysticism.

10183:

The Teachings of the Magi. A compendium of Zoroastrian beliefs

9735:(London: MacGibbon and Kee 1970; New York: G. P. Putnam 1970). 9485:, and his follower. Cf. excess in western religion, pp. 30-31. 7792:

Better to have Gone. Love, death, and the quest for utopia in

1881:, are ready to allow the usual killing and mayhem of warfare. 1393:

In 1958, Zaehner presented a general analysis of the range of

1077:

The profane side is first addressed with regard to the use of

10806:

A Theological Analysis of R. C. Zaehner's Theory of Mysticism

9888: 8156:

Zaehner, "A new Buddha and a new Tao", p.412 (quote), in his

7755: 7485:

A Theological Analysis of R. C. Zaehner's Theory of Mysticism

7350: 7144: 7143:(p. 81). Written in Sanskrit (p. 52), by "the mythical saint 7006:(1958), pp. 41-43 (Samkhya), pp. 93-94 (Vedanta and Samkhya). 6642:(pp. 21, 23-24), also called the Brahman (pp. 314, 315, 325). 6422: 6386: 5711: 4767:

on mystical experience, at pp. 17–18 in Zeahner (1960, 1969).

4499: 4402: 4330: 4318: 4129:

era, a regional commingling of oral history and heroic tales.

3893:(Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1962) translated as 3789:(New York: Bibliotheca Persica 2000), pp. 42–47, 63 (Zurvan). 2823: 2759: 2751: 2304: 2122: 2041:

the enduring spiritual realities and the duties of his caste

1897: 1165: 1139: 1036:

can lead to ego inflation, spiritual vanity, and barrenness.

983: 773: 767: 754: 739: 734: 553:

deviation from the Zoroastrian orthodoxy of ancient Persia's

233: 117: 7067:

Zaehner, Concordant Discord (1970), pp. 164-171, discussing

4997:(1970), p.85: sexual imagery in Christian mystics, in Hindu. 3021:(1972), p. vi. "My debt to him, as always, remains immense." 1190:), so that as exemplars of mystical experience he presents: 10568:

A Zaehner bibliography is in Fernandes (pp. 327–346).

10291:

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1963. Alternate title:

9300: 9291:(c.600 BCE), 38, is quoted by Zaehner a few pages earlier ( 8394:

Contribution to the critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right

7863: 7709:(pp. 9-10 quotes, 29-30 Bergson). Sethna was the editor of 7627:

he advocated a spiritual basis for Indian politics (p.197).

7136: 6472: 6468: 5277:(1970), p.320: provocative quote from her 'autobiography', 5134: 4334: 4314: 4029: 3121:. The candid autobiography of a senior intelligence officer 1909: 1869:). Yudhishthira is the elder of five brothers of the royal 1865:, the son of Dharma, who became the King of righteousness ( 1784: 1655:

type of Advaita Vedanta. Neither for Zaehner can be called

1562: 1322: 1173: 1151: 975: 795: 180: 176: 167:(for Islamic). In 1939 he taught as a research lecturer at 160: 101: 10595:

University Press of America, Washington 1981, foreword by

9129:

were often referenced by Zaehner, whether favorably as in

5466:(1970), pp. 158-169, 171 (sexuality: Hindu and Christian). 2017:

That year Zaehner also published an extensively annotated

1621:

Instead of the isolated purusa experience of Samkhya, the

473:

deal of his time alone, most of it in his study working."

9368:(1957), Zaehner had discussed in a scholarly fashion the 8147:(, Oxford University 1978), esp. volume 3 on Soviet rule. 6693:

does not follow Samkhya (it might be a hybrid Vedanta or

5714:'s roles regarding a pagan spirituality, as portrayed in 5450: 3103: 2738:

per a dialectical unity of opposites (pp. 92, 102);

2649: 2606: 2590: 2582: 2581:

were often self-explained spiritually, with reference to

1768:(11th-12th century) articulated this theological schema, 445: 312: 229: 10753:, "Introduction" at pp. xi-xix, to Zaehner's posthumous 10289:

The Convergent Spirit. Towards a dialectics of Religion.

10251:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1961. Translation: 10223:

At Sundry Times. An essay in the comparison of religions

9545:(1974), pp. 47, 288, 306 (Charles Manson's "mysticism"). 9320:(Zurich 1949; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons 1969), p.66. 7685:, "makes a clean break with traditional values" (p. 29). 6224:(1957, 1961), p. xi, 22-23 (union of soul and God), 33 ( 5782:(1958), p.172 (Samkhya-Yogin, Nature, Theistic, Monist). 5406:(1911, 1961), p.92 (Mechthilde quote); but cf. p.267 re 2155:." According to Aurobindo, the aim of his new yoga was: 923:

At Sundry Times. An essay in the comparison of religions

534:

Initially Zaehner's reputation rested on his studies of

59:

at Oxford in 1952, his books addressed such subjects as

10265:. Oxford University Press, London, 1962. Translations: 7890:

The Future Evolution of Man. The Divine Life upon Earth

7848:(Pondicherry: Sri Aurobindo Ashram 1957, originally in 7379:(University of Chicago 1975), translated and edited by 6156:(1970), pp. 40-51 (Bucke), 201-202, 209-210 (Jeffries). 4800:(1960, 1969) at 6–11. Zaehner credits (p.6) Dasgupta's 3186:. Consisting of the British and American Officers' Book 1904:

dharma. In the last chapter, Yudhishthira 'returns' as

781:

was concerned with "the right ordering of the cosmos".

10836:"Robert Charles Zaehner, 1913-1974, Professor, Oxford" 10375:

Crossroad Publishing, New York, 1981. Introduction by

8512:, pp. 6-8 (Teilhard's musings, matter-derived spirit). 8189:(Paris 1960, 1985; London: Verso 2004), p.662. "It is 7739:

The Philosophy of Sri Aurobindo. His idea of evolution

7329:(1970): Yudhishthira and Job (pp. 178, 179, 355). The 6365:, 1970). "Samkhya philosophy upon which the whole of 2826:

sacrifice and sacrament which seems to foreshadow the

2347:

informed his search for the positive in the proffered

622:(Time) as the underlying cause of both the benevolent 578:(the "Wise Lord"), as the creator God, fashioned both 386:

several years after the war, he continued work on his

10652:

Theo-Monistic Mysticism. A Hindu-Christian comparison

10593:

Struggle and Submission: R. C. Zaehner on Mysticisms.

9718:. William Collins, London, 1972. Its American title: 9431:(New York: Holt Rinehart Winston 1966), per Zaehner, 4550:. Page references here are to this 1962 edition. The 4397:(1964), p.78: Venturing to compare the Neo-Confucian 3603:

Dummett, "Introduction" (1981), pp. xiii-xiv (quote).

1908:. Other chapters discuss the early literature of the 954: 10704:

Morrison, George (1975). "Professor R. C. Zaehner".

10606:

Dissertation at Fordham University, New York 2012. {

10367:

Our Savage God. The Perverse use of Eastern Thought.

10068:(1970), p.360: "o be a Christian you must be both a 9498:(1972), p. 125-127 re Zen, per Abbot Shibayama. Per 8961:

v.11, 1958) pp. 107-200, at 147-200: the Quaternity.

7912:(, reprint: Shambhala, Boulder 1997), commentary by 7227:

describes Krishna's teaching to the Pandava brother

7030:

Struggle and Submission: R. C. Zaehner on Mysticisms

6856:(1957), p.143, pp. 134-135: "What the Samkhya calls 4703:(1981), pp. 11-14, 25: renunciation of 'expansion' ( 3815:(Element, Rockport 1991), moral dualism (pp. 71–76). 3614:

Struggle and Submission. R. C. Zaehner on mysticisms

2420:(the dialectical thesis) in violent struggle by the 1337:(often favored by Zaehner). Among Christian mystics 598:

became conflated and identified; hence, the creator

9758:

Our Savage God. The Perverse use of Eastern Thought

8139:(Penguin 2008), at pp. 128-146: his review of 7933:(New York: Harper & Row 1972), introduction by 7337:"duty of killing and being killed in war" (p. 176). 4212:

Chapter 5, "Solidarity in God," pp. 130-156 (1963).

3727:

Zoroastrians. Their Religious Beliefs and Practices

2577:, which included artists, rebels, and youth. Their 2090:(1872–1950), a modern Hindu spiritual teacher, and 1491:In part, about nature mysticism, Zaehner relies on 405:, who had resigned to become vice-president (later 10882:Spalding Professors of Eastern Religion and Ethics 10355:. William Collins, London, 1972. Alternate title: 10323:Concordant Discord. The Interdependence of Faiths. 10084:, for in Christ all that has abiding value meets." 9866:, vol. 9, ii, re chap. IV, "The Self", pp. 23-35, 8625:(New York: Harper & Brothers 1949), edited by 7542:Zaehner had written on Teilhard for his 1963 book 7223:(pp. 108–111, Yudhishthira's protest at 111). The 5192:. Yet a person's center of wholeness (the goal of 5113:(1957), p.141 ("the soul as the bride of Christ"). 3770:Zoroastrians. Their religious belief and practices 3010:Zaehner called Prof. Bailey "perhaps the greatest 2885:, for he knew that this is reserved for God alone. 2339:was turned 'downside up'. Zaehner's experience in 2023:. which is a prized and celebrated episode of the 399:Spalding Professor of Eastern Religions and Ethics 10634:. Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana, Roma 1991). 7147:" ("arranger") about the 4th century BCE (p. 43). 4252:Discussed in subsection "'New Age' drug culture". 4011:). Regarding another subject, the application of 2366:in his later life combined "Marxian materialism, 2208:Concordant Discord. The Interdependence of Faiths 1062:After Zaehner's initial works on Zoroastrianism, 637:, who was worshipped, and his satanic antagonist 462:Concordant Discord. The interdependence of faiths 10858: 10315:El Cristianismo y les grandes religiones de Asia 10269:Der Hinduismus. Seine geschichte und seine lehre 9416:. A manual based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead 8830:The Great Terror. Stalin's purge of the thirties 8073:, justified policy and practice" (p.129 quote). 7470:Zaehner (1966), Introduction, pp. v-xxii; e.g., 7413:(1962, 1966), p. 107 (the fateful game of dice). 6742:See below, subsection "Monistic, e.g., Vedanta". 5872:Zaehner, Concordant Discord (1970), pp. 199-200. 5129:(London 1911, reprint Dutton 1961), p.426: from 4558:, chap. I, verse 1 (p.28). Based on lectures at 3802:(1955, 1972): Zurvan supreme (pp. 90, 91 quote). 2605:Zaehner warned of the misbehavior propagated by 2378:" in pursuit of fostering his nascent communist 2196: 2132:Aurobindo, Zaehner wrote, "could not accept the 10847:"Mysticism Sacred and Profane by R. C. Zaehner" 10809:, Ph.D. Dissertation, Fordham University, 2012. 10397:Journal of British Institute of Persian Studies 9299:. Cited also is the traditional Jewish view of 8862:(Paris: Editions du Seuil 1969), translated as 8778:Zaehner more than once quoted Marx and Engels, 8040:(1971), pp. 32, 37-38 (Communist theory). 6809:(1981), pp. 141-142 (the bliss of Brahman: the 5591:The Varieties of Vernacular Mysticism 1350-1550 4457:(1970), pp. 12-15, esp. p.15 re his limits on 699:adopted the traditional 6th century BCE dates. 152:, a study of the pre-Islamic religion of Iran. 10907:British Special Operations Executive personnel 9411:Timothy Leary, Ralph Metzner, Richard Alport, 8689:(1997), pp. 398-399, quoting Marx and Engels, 7937:. Refers to Sri Aurobindo p.77, (intro. p.39). 6886:(1960, 1972), pp. 94-95, 97 ("thou art that"). 6755:(1923, 2d ed. 1930; reprint 2006), volume two. 6585:(1960), pp. 38-39 (Yoga and Vedanta compared). 6269:(New York: Harper and Brothers 1945). Huxley, 4546:Reissued by Beacon Press, Boston, in 1962, as 4293:Secular rationalism of the Enlightenment only 3652:, v.53 (1973), p.381; in Newell (1981), p.iii. 2837:tradition, whether it be Buddhist, Platonist, 2711:' (p. 12). The chapter's title refers to 2688:Zaehner discusses Carl Jung and his 1952 book 1443:: Kripal remarks that Zaehner is known for a " 802:followed the contours of the 'treaty' between 429:, until his death in 1974, and never married. 171:. During this period, he read the French poet 10627:Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck 1981. 10617:University Press of America, Washington 1978. 9945:(Keith, p.326, n2). Cf., Boyce (1975), p.165. 9457:Fernandes (2004), p.6 (quote). His 1972 book 9346:(1981), pp. 257-260 (Aurobindo and Teilhard). 8479:Zaehner, 'A new Buddha and a new Tao" in his 8160:(1967), quote at pp. 406-407 in 1997 edition. 7621:Modern Indian Thought. A philosophical survey 6343:as "guru of the sages" (pp. 73-76, 75 quote). 4644:(1964), p.128 (term 'heathen'; Newman quote). 4384:Cf., Fernandes (2004), pp. 8, 12-16, 198-200. 3876:(1961), p. 33 (dates were pegged to year of 3572:See Popular & drug culture section below. 2424:(the antithesis), in results in the fabled ' 2229: 1873:family, who leads one side in the war of the 1395:mystical experience in the form of a typology 757:). Later following the invasion of India the 663:, a 4th-century King. Its chief sources were 326:, harming British intelligence operations in 83:. He published under the name R. C. Zaehner. 10522:The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Living Faiths 10439:(1967), pp. 209–222; also 1997 edition. 7400:(1970). p. 179 (quotes about the dice game). 7032:(University Press of America 1981), pp. 5-6. 6945:(1923, 1930; 2006), v.2, pp. 539, 483, 539 ( 6607:(1981), p. 21 (etymologies: Brahman, Atman). 6169:(1972), pp. 50-60 (Jeffries), 60-62 (Bucke). 2984:Editorial insert, "The Author", in Zaehner, 1629:. Such a numinous, universal Self is called 1406:(1) Nature mystics, e.g., secular 'oceanic'; 1309: 10794:"Zoroastrian survivals in Iranian folklore" 10774:(1961), Chapter 9: "Varieties of Zurvanism" 10743:F. Whaling, "R. C. Zaehner: A Critique" in 10467:"Learning from Other Faiths: Hinduism," in 8383:See section below: Dialectical Materialism. 7931:The Biological Basis of Religion and Genius 5370:, v5), p.90 (Mechthild quoted); p.433 (the 5010:(1972), p.68. "there is scarcely a form of 4960:(1960, 1969), p.169. Zaehner dismisses the 4614:Matthew 4, 8-10 is quoted by Zaehner, 4230:See Zaehner Bibliography. Zaehner, editor: 3625:Lambton, "Obituary" (1975), p. 624 (quote). 3177:'Ali Mirdrakvandi, an Iranian peasant from 2617:, and ultimately the criminal depravity of 1954:reluctantly challenges him to play dice at 1345:metaphor in writing about her experiences. 10736:A. W. Sadler, "Zaehner-Huxley debate", in 10727:, "Robert Charles Zaehner (1913–1974)" in 10510:The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths. 10325:Clarendon Press, Oxford University, 1970. 9272:(1970), p.326 (quote). Zaeher next quotes 8426:(1971), p.1 ("criticism of heaven" quote). 8407:happiness of people is required for their 8392:Karl Marx, from the 'introduction' to his 7697:, in his 1981 book on Zaehner and Teilard 6203:, "Robert Charles Zaehner (1913–1974)" in 4109:(1996), pp. 96-97. The period between the 3703:(Mazda Publishers, Costa Mesa 2008), King 3084:, "Robert Charles Zaehner (1913–1974)" in 3001:Oxford University Press (1961) 1967 p.xiii 2520:human society to live in. Zaehner writes: 2315: 2105:at Cambridge University. On his return to 1759: 1040:Hinduism of Gandhi, the Catholic Church). 1020:praising the early Church's absorption of 10516:The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths 10483:, Louvain: Impremerie orientaliste, 1974. 10403:, v.3, pp. 87–96, 1965; Part II, in 10349:Clarendon Press, Oxford University, 1971. 9845:The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths 9137:(1960), pp. 87-89 (re Samkhya), or as in 8357:(1971), p.30: Marx and Engels, not Lenin. 7910:Kundalini. The evolutionary energy in man 5769:(1957), pp. 66, 168*, 184, 192, 198, 204. 2552: 2482:acknowledging his advocacy for the poor. 1541: 832:The Concise Encyclopedia of Living Faiths 602:began to be seen as the twin of the evil 10703: 10563: 8970:Jung, "Christ, a symbol of the self" in 8521:See below, section "Cultural evolution". 7139:, but on par with ancient law books and 7096:, "Introduction" (1981), p. xvi (quote). 6418:. The origins of modern posture practice 6284:Cf., subsection "Comparative mysticism". 6092:(London: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1947). 5663:(New York: Crossroad 1995), pp. 148-149. 5366:(1912, rev. 1952; Bollingen 1956, 1967: 5318:'s psychology: "the archetypal truth of 4739:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 4066:, as "violent, lavish, reckless" (p.53). 3785:(Milano 1959, Rome 1960), translated as 3379:Dummett, "Introduction" (1981) p. xviii. 2467:eventually evolves consciousness, until 2234: 2029:epic. Before the great battle, the Lord 1702:states to the seeker, "thou art that", 1662: 1388: 1290:, has been variously advanced, e.g., by 1261: 873: 649: 291:against the republican challenge led by 63:(articulating a widely cited typology), 31: 10459:Myths and Symbols: Studies in honor of 10303:The Catholic Church and World Religions 10249:The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 9575:(1972), Leary: pp. 66-67, 69-75, 83-87. 9429:The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience 9418:(New Hyde Park: University Books 1966). 6668:(Routledge 2011), v. 56/4, pp. 514-531. 5612:The Adornment of the Spiritual Marriage 4711:); 20-22: danger of "spiritual vanity". 4590:The Catholic Church and World Religions 4284:derivations, ideological substitutions. 3507:(1989). During the last decades of the 2140:formulation, for he had come to accept 1368:, the rapid changes afoot may confound 1049:Mysticism as an academic field of study 857: 684:The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 606:, where Ahura Mazda was later known as 425:academic chair, while also a fellow at 378:Before the war Zaehner had lectured at 194: 14: 10859: 10435:"Zoroastrianism," in Zaehner's edited 10343:Oxford University Press, London, 1971. 8465:(1968), pp. 105-107. A 1940s essay by 8087:Soviet Russian Dialectical Materialism 8027:(1967). Here Marxism is the "new Tao". 6796:." Both are non-dualist (p.41, quote). 6438:or posture practice (pp. 4 and 70-75). 5890:Fernandes (2004), p.25, cf. pp. 23-25. 5308:Love, celibacy, and the inner marriage 4895:(1957), pp. 118, 149, 204; cf., 66-67. 4571:This concludes a conversation between 2255:adherent, the 'laws of nature', i.e., 1409:(2) Isolation, interpreted as either: 1273:His critique challenged the thesis of 1219:, the ground of the universe, per the 1085:, especially in his popular 1954 book 1043: 522: 10528:Encyclopedia of the World's Religions 10432:(1967), pp. 402–412. Jung, Marx. 10428:"A new Buddha and a new Tao," in his 10317:. Editorial Herder, Barcelona, 1967. 9979:body", who opposed ascetic practices. 9748:); he was not a mystic (p. 175). 9530:Eastern Religions and Western Thought 9355:See subsection under "Hindu studies". 9141:(1957), pp. 202-203 (nature of evil). 8619:Arthur Koestler's essay pp. 15-75 in 8400:(New York: Schoken 1964), pp. 41-42: 7349:, ch. 1; ch. 2, v. 1–10: God permits 7316:See section below "Gifford Lectures". 6685:(p.21), and to a conscious state of " 6509:Newell (1981), pp. 160-161, 167-170 ( 5821:(1970), pp. 59, 129, 199-204 (Hindu). 5343:pp. 37-40; sexual imagery pp. 40-48; 4978:The Psychology of Religious Mysticism 4232:Encyclopedia of the World's Religions 3927:are linguistically comparable to the 3677:, "Foreword" to Newell (1981), p. xi. 3513:Eastern Religions and Western Thought 3453:Eastern Religions and Western Thought 2639:radio in 1970, which were printed in 2431: 2359:: his writings on spirit and matter. 1055: 825: 27:British academic on Eastern religions 10877:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford 10772:Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianiism 10217:. Editorial De Rocher, Monaco, 1983. 10101:(Maryknoll: Orbis 1995), preface by 9474:(1981), pp. 34-35: mystical states, 8978:v.9ii, 1958, 2d ed. 1968) pp. 36-71. 8209:"A straight line seems to lead from 7294:(1962), Chapters 1, 2 & 4, 6, 7. 6666:The Journal of Analytical Psychology 6467:(108, 125), the mind or lower soul { 6228:and the beatific vision), 37, 93-94. 4754:(1960, 1969), "Preface" at vii–viii. 4741:(New York 2015). Accessed 2015-4-22. 4735:"The comparative study of mysticism" 3388:Kripal (2001), p.198 (heart attack). 3031: 3029: 3027: 2459:The physical potential in inorganic 2416:. In theory, the replacement of the 1924:Zaehner continued his discussion of 1671:, the Hindu mystic would understand 1499:, a personal experience recorded by 675: 467: 401:to succeed the celebrated professor 10733:16/1: 66–74 (Univ.of Chicago 1976). 10642:Roads of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom. 10581:Intercultural Pub., New Delhi 2004. 10530:. Barnes and Noble, New York, 1997. 10524:. Century Hutchinson, London, 1988. 10297:. Harper & Row, New York, 1963. 9992:(1958), p. 172: his disapproval of 9975:, advocate of "a mysticism of soul 9904:(1961) at 85–94, re the Haoma rite. 9902:Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 9651:, and ends with Manson (pp. 35-44). 9427:R. E. L. Masters and Jean Houston, 8569:Soviet Marxism. A critical analysis 8530:See above, section "Sri Aurobindo". 8310:Red Famine. Stalin's war on Ukraine 8206:(1958, reprint 1961), p. 130: 8067:Soviet Marxism. A critical analysis 6899:(1923, 2006), v.2, p.282: even the 5157:, the human soul or self, with the 4579:, at page 11 in the Beacon edition. 4243:The Giford lecture discussed below. 3757:Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 3731:Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism 3494:, at pp. xii-xiii, p. xii (quotes). 2844:Few Catholics are now proud of the 2628: 2331:and Friedrich Engels. As a result, 1900:; and Yudhishthira's troubles with 1610:, or otherwise called the personal 1459: 1131: 713:, namely, the Holy Spirit, and the 364: 24: 10814:"R. C. Zaehner. British historian" 10283:. Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1974. 10237:. Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1965. 10160: 9918:A History of Zoroastrianism, vol.1 8672:(1968, 1984), p.43 (end of ch.IV). 7487:(2012), pp. 134–135, at 135 quote. 7120:Roads of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom 6373:(p.291). On Hatha Yoga: pp. 23-24. 6182:(1957), p.140. The Hindu aphorism 5220:(ultimate source of the ego), and 4496:A History of Zoroastrianism, vol.1 3594:See Gifford Lecture section below. 3583:Roads of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom 3548:Roads of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom 3355:Roads of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom 1447:of mystical states". However here 956:Christianity & other Religions 914: 373: 275:Zaehner publicly held the rank of 86: 25: 10973: 10897:20th-century English philosophers 10763: 10740:, v. 21/1 (1964), pp. 43–50. 10425:, no. 474, pp. 271–88, 1957. 10369:Sheed & Ward, New York, 1974. 10361:. Pantheon Books, New York, 1972. 10353:Drugs, Mysticism and Make-believe 10309:Christianity and other Religions. 10255:Zoroaster e la fantasia religiosa 10215:Mystique sacrée, Mystique profane 10211:. De Bezige Bij, Amsterdam, 1969. 9760:Sheed & Ward, New York, 1974. 9722:. Pantheon Books, New York, 1972. 9716:Drugs, Mysticism and Make-believe 9459:Drugs, Mysticism and Make-Believe 9372:experience and eastern religions. 8269:(1963), p.26 (Soviet atrocities). 6005:Varieties of Religious Experience 5832:Drugs, Mysticism and Make-believe 5374:, adopted by early Christianity). 3024: 2695: 2497:, within a spiritual commentary. 1932:'s Yudhishthira and the biblical 1842:, a very long epic. More than an 1577:(universal intellect), the mind ( 203:starting in 1943, he served as a 10962:Translators of the Bhagavad Gita 10745:The Journal of Religious Studies 10551: 10542: 10191:Astrolabio Ubaldini, Roma, 1976. 10129: 10116: 10087: 10058: 10045: 10040:Christianity and other Religions 10032: 10016: 10003: 9982: 9961: 9948: 9907: 9894: 9877: 9850: 9847:(1959; 1967), edited by Zaehner. 9837: 9824: 9811: 9802: 9789: 9772: 9763: 9751: 9738: 9725: 9708: 9703:9 1/2 Mystics. The Kabbala today 9695: 9680: 9667: 9654: 9637: 9617: 9604: 9591: 9578: 9565: 9548: 9535: 9522: 9505: 9488: 9464: 9451: 9438: 9421: 9405: 9388: 9375: 9358: 9349: 9336: 9323: 9318:Depth Psychology and a New Ethic 9306: 9279: 9262: 9249: 9224: 9211: 9206:Christianity and other Religions 9198: 9181: 9168: 9144: 9119: 9106: 9069: 9052: 9039: 9026: 9013: 9000: 8981: 8964: 8943: 8930: 8917: 8904: 8891: 8878: 8869: 8852: 8839: 8834:The Great Terror. A reassessment 8819: 8803: 8772: 8745: 8738:'s productive, sinicized mix of 8724: 8711: 8698: 8675: 8661: 8645: 8632: 8613: 8604: 8587: 8574: 8561: 8546: 8533: 8524: 8515: 8502: 8486: 8473: 8455: 8442: 8437:Philosophy and Myth in Karl Marx 8429: 8386: 8377: 8360: 8347: 8328: 8315: 8299: 8272: 8259: 8234: 8218: 8196: 8176: 8163: 8150: 8125: 8112: 8096: 8076: 8056: 8043: 8030: 8017: 7996: 7983: 7970: 7957: 7940: 7923: 7898: 7882: 7869: 7846:On Yoga. I The Synthesis of Yoga 7838: 7816: 7800: 7780: 7767: 7744: 7731: 7718: 7688: 7663: 7650: 7630: 7613: 7600: 7581: 7568: 7553: 7536: 7515: 7502: 7490: 7477: 7464: 7452: 7429: 7416: 7403: 7390: 7370: 7357: 7340: 7319: 7310: 7297: 7285: 7264: 7251: 7234: 7205: 7188: 7175: 7150: 7125: 7112: 7099: 7087: 7074: 7061: 7048: 7043:Christianity and Other Religions 7035: 7022: 7009: 6996: 6983: 6974: 6965: 6956: 6935: 6914: 6889: 6876: 6867: 6846: 6833: 6820: 6799: 6774: 6758: 6745: 6736: 6723: 6700: 6671: 6654: 6645: 6623: 6610: 6597: 6588: 6575: 6557: 6544: 6520: 6503: 6486: 6441: 6404: 6376: 6346: 6313: 6300: 6287: 6278: 6275:(New York: Harper and Row 1954). 6257: 6244: 6231: 6214: 6193: 6172: 6159: 6146: 6121: 6108: 6095: 6082: 6069: 6056: 6037: 6024: 6011: 5996: 5983: 5970: 5957: 5954:(New York: Harper and Row 1954). 5942: 5929: 5920: 5911: 5902: 5893: 5884: 5875: 5866: 5850: 5837: 5824: 5811: 5798: 5785: 5772: 5759: 5746: 5733: 5726:(156-158); misuse of Yoga in a " 5700: 5688: 5679: 5666: 5653: 5630: 5617: 5604: 5580: 5577:(New York: William Morrow 1970). 5561: 5543: 5527: 5514: 5497: 5469: 5456: 5439: 5426: 5413: 5396: 5377: 5354: 5329: 5297: 5292:The Flowing Light of the Godhead 5284: 5279:Vida de la Madre Teresa de Jesús 5267: 5252: 5231: 5166: 5140: 5116: 5103: 5090: 5077: 5064: 5051: 5034: 5021: 5000: 4987: 4967: 4950: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4898: 4885: 4872: 4851: 4842: 4829: 4820: 4807: 4790: 4770: 4757: 4744: 4727: 4714: 4689: 4680: 4667: 4647: 4634: 4621: 4608: 4595: 4582: 4565: 4540: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4485: 4464: 4447: 4438: 4425: 4408: 4395:Christianity and other religions 3720:as to whether, during the prior 3153:and a tragic Anglo-American coup 2559:Drugs, Mysticism and Makebelieve 2077: 1798: 1511:, among others. and writings of 1254:. Included are mystics from the 561:. Zurvanism was promoted by the 451:His delivery in Scotland of the 183:, as well as studying the Hindu 75:, and ethics. He translated the 73:Christianity and other religions 10937:20th-century English historians 10902:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford 10473:, v.83, pp. 164–168, 1972. 10442:"Christianity and Marxism," in 10335:. Walter, Olten/Freiburg, 1980. 10311:Hawthorn Books, New York, 1964. 10205:. Ernst Klett, Stuttgart, 1957. 10155: 9971:(1961), p. 49: his approval of 9862:(New York: Bollingen 1959), in 8888:(1957), p.200 (Huxley on Adam). 8767:Chinese University of Hong Kong 8245:The origin of Russian communism 6769:Essentials of Indian Philosophy 6552:The spirit of Indian philosophy 6451:(1957), Yoga (pp. 96-99, 111), 5980:(1957, 1961), pp. 36-39, 42-44. 5642:The Mirror of Eternal Salvation 5196:) is his or her inner unifying 4701:St. John of the Cross and Islam 4387: 4378: 4361: 4348: 4287: 4277: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4224: 4215: 4206: 4197: 4188: 4179: 4166: 4145: 4132: 4099: 4086: 4069: 4018: 3977: 3964: 3951: 3938: 3913: 3900: 3883: 3866: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3818: 3805: 3792: 3775: 3762: 3749: 3736: 3733:(1961), pp. at 22 (quote), 175. 3710: 3693: 3680: 3668: 3665:(1970), pp. 6 & 7 (quotes). 3655: 3638: 3628: 3619: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3575: 3566: 3553: 3540: 3527: 3524:See Zoroastrian sections below. 3518: 3497: 3484: 3471: 3458: 3442: 3426: 3413: 3400: 3391: 3382: 3373: 3360: 3347: 3334: 3321: 3305: 3296: 3283: 3270: 3257: 3240: 3217: 3204: 3191: 3188:(London: Victor Gallancz 1965). 3171: 3158: 3138: 3126: 3110: 3091: 3075: 3059: 3035:Alana Howard, "Gifford Lecture 2988:(1956; 1976), p. 5 (bilingual). 2512:, opens their eyes. This their 1989: 1919: 517: 505:About Zaehner's writing style, 283:he was assigned to prolong the 269:Alice through the Looking Glass 10693:, "Robert Charles Zaehner" in 10464:, University of Chicago, 1969. 10418:, v.1, pp. 286–301, 1957. 10333:Mystik. Harmonie und dissonanz 10257:. Il Saggiatore, Milano, 1962. 9344:The Spirituality of the Future 8312:(New York: Anchor Books 2018). 8187:Critique of Dialectical Reason 7831:be transformed into a race of 7172:(1962, 1966), p. 108 (quotes). 6860:(Nature)... the Vedanta calls 6363:Ramakrishna-Vivekananda Center 6118:(1974), pp. 63, 213 (Rimbaud). 5188:, and for women the masculine 5184:, called for men the feminine 4926:Newell (1981), pp. 1-5, 53-55. 4785:A History of Indian Philosophy 3042: 3004: 2999:Mysticism, Sacred and Profane, 2991: 2978: 2958: 2945: 2936: 2927: 2259:, was the orthodox, mandatory 1710:the divine Atma. What Samkhya 1277:, developed in his 1901 book, 538:, at first articles mostly on 91: 13: 1: 10922:Converts to Roman Catholicism 10786:Zurvan. A Zoroastrian Dilemma 10518:. Beacon Press, Boston, 1967. 10407:, v.30, pp. 65–75, 1992. 10231:. Beacon Press, Boston, 1962. 10197:Mysticism: Sacred and Profane 10177:Zurvan. A Zoroastrian Dilemma 9969:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 9366:Mysticism, Sacred and Profane 9176:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 8886:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 8719:The fate of Marxism in Russia 8656:The fate of Marxism in Russia 8463:Communism and the Theologians 7082:Mysticism. Sacred and profane 7017:Mysticism. Sacred and profane 6854:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6731:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6708:Yoga. Immortality and Freedom 6565:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6531:Yoga. A scientific evaluation 6449:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6308:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6254:(1957, 1961), pp. v-vi, 1-29. 6252:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6222:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6180:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6103:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 6046:Memories, Dreams, Reflections 5978:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5965:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5939:(1957), pp. 28; 93, 118, 168, 5937:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5767:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5674:Mysticism: Sacred and Profane 5625:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5614:. Nicolas-Hays, Berwick 2005. 5555:Women Who Run with the Wolves 5509:The Psychology of the Mystics 5486:, the Brahman when viewed as 5477:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5239:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5111:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 5059:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 4893:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 4848:Cf., Dummett (1981), p. xiii. 4837:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 3891:La religion de l'Iran ancient 3800:Zurvan. A Zoroastrian dilemma 3561:The Hindu mystical experience 3408:Zurvan, a Zoroastrian dilemma 3019:Zurvan, A Zoroastrian Dilemma 2788: 2197:Gifford lecture at St Andrews 2178:Adherents of Aurobindo's new 1846:story of an ancient war, the 1356:(1567-1622), then continues: 1064:Mysticism. Sacred and Profane 737:had two classes of gods, the 594:and his "messenger" the good 572:preached that the benevolent 557:, which was a stark, ethical 483:His colleague in Iran, Prof. 432:In his influential 1957 book 10942:Zoroastrian studies scholars 10738:Journal of Religious Thought 10700:38/3: 623–624 (London 1975). 10588:Alwaye MCBS, New Delhi 1982. 8734:famine and cultural mayhem, 8342:Polish operation of the NKVD 8290:(Paris 1997); translated as 8251:is also a social phenomena. 7109:(1975), pp. 66–74, at p. 74. 6594:Fernandes (2004), pp. 57-58. 5917:Kripal (2001), pp. 181, 187. 5908:Schebera (1978), pp. 87-100. 5881:Reardon (2012), pp. 170-174. 5178:The psychology of C. G. Jung 5042:Mysticism in world religions 4185:1959 article at pp. 209-222, 3889:Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin, 3509:Indian independence movement 3135:, "R. C. Zaehner" {website}. 2173:liberté, égalité, fraternité 1970:Yudhishthira is the King of 903:(1962-1965) and tempered by 690:, the earliest texts in the 434:Mysticism Sacred and Profane 397:In 1952 Zaehner was elected 240:. By 1950 he had secured an 215:, described his activities: 207:officer at their Embassy in 7: 10277:. Il Mulino, Bologna, 1972. 10229:The Comparison of Religions 10203:Mystik, religiös und profan 9990:The Comparison of Religions 9885:The Comparison of Religions 9601:(1974), Crowley: pp. 40-47. 8858:E.g., Teilhard de Chardin, 8814:The Black Book of Communism 8398:Marx and Engels on Religion 8293:The Black Book of Communism 8288:Le Livre noir du communisme 7660:(Columbia University 2008). 7185:(19171), synopsis pp. 5-42. 6922:The Comparison of Religions 6434:, which he associated with 6077:The Comparison of Religions 5540:(Toronto: Inner City 1982). 5423:(New York: Crossroad 1990). 4560:University College of Wales 4548:The Comparison of Religions 4472:Essays on Indian Philosophy 4444:Kripal (2001), pp. 156-157. 4371:(1958, 1962), pp. 12-13: a 4153:A History of Zoroastrianism 4026:A History of Zoroastrianism 3921:A History of Zoroastrianism 2889: 1819: 1716:being, consciousness, bliss 1122:, a monism inspired by the 840:The Comparison of Religions 761:sank to the rank of demon. 416:It drew controversy. Prof. 244:appointment as lecturer in 10: 10978: 10613:Richard Charles Schebera, 10391:"Zoroastrian survivals in 10373:The City within the Heart. 10243:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 10209:Mystiek sacraal en profaan 10167:Foolishness to the Greeks. 9778:Carlo Cereti (1976-1977). 9556:Spirituality of the Future 9414:The Psychedelic Experience 9400:Interpenetration of Faiths 9383:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 9276:favorably on same subject. 9257:Christianity and Evolution 9246:; the serpent (pp. 20-21). 8864:Christianity and Evolution 8816:(Harvard University 1999). 8296:(Harvard University 1999). 8229:Communism and Christianity 7877:Spirituality of the Future 7797:(New York: Scribner 2021). 7699:Spirituality of the Future 7658:The Lives of Sri Aurobindo 7645:The Modernity of Tradition 5793:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 5741:Hindu and Muslim mysticism 5659:Mommaers & van Bragt, 5322:lies in the immediate and 4958:Hindu and Muslim mysticism 4815:Hindu and Muslem Mysticism 4798:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 4752:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 3987:(1961), pp. 37 (Varuna as 3437:Radhakrishnan. A Biography 2613:, the earlier satanism of 2357:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 2230:Social ideology and ethics 2092:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin 2065:within the context of the 2010:, and the entire, 80-page 1814:Hindu and Muslim Mysticism 1783:During the 1940s spent in 1706:, i.e., the personal atma 1651:Samkhya atheism, or (2) a 943:Zaehner then compared the 612:, and Angra Mainyu became 394:" written before the war. 299:. The crisis involved the 10917:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 10825:"Zaehner, Robert Charles" 10800:, 3:87-96 (1965). {JSTOR} 10755:The City within the Heart 10668:"Zaehner, Robert Charles" 10449:"Sexual Symbolism in the 10359:Zen, Drugs, and Mysticism 10271:. Goldman, München, 1964. 10173:(1970), pp. 428–443. 10145:God." Quoted by Zaehner, 10124:The City within the Heart 9720:Zen, Drugs, and Mysticism 9645:The City within the Heart 9634:(1974), pp. 9, 45:n8, 61. 9208:(1964), pp. 136-139, 140. 9163:Dialectical Christianity 7054:Beatific Vision; contra: 6605:The City within the Heart 6550:Nikunja Vihari Banerjee, 6393:(point of view), not its 6371:Six Orthodox Hindu Astika 6064:Zen, Drugs, and Mysticism 6019:Zen, Drugs, and Mysticism 5648:measureless fury of love. 5522:The City within the Heart 5434:Traité de l'amour de Dieu 5363:Symbols of Transformation 4804:for the initial typology. 4272:Foolishness to the Greeks 4054:Indra (p. 32), Varuna as 3946:The Zoroastrian Tradition 3813:The Zoroastrian Tradition 3492:The City within the Heart 3267:(2012), pp. 193–195, 197. 3070:The City within the Heart 2778:(e.g., p. 133-138). 2573:had arisen, often called 2557:In his last three books, 2267:. Accordingly, a complex 2167:Aurobindo foresaw that a 2109:in India, he studied its 1803:His translations and the 1549:philosophy is an ancient 1341:(1515-1582) employed the 1310:Gender: Soul & Spirit 1198:interpretation or (ii) a 657:The Teachings of the Magi 527: 457:University of St. Andrews 303:which had been in effect 301:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 191:while stationed in Iran. 10947:20th-century translators 10437:The Concise Encyclopedia 10430:The Concise Encyclopedia 10329:1967–1969. Translation: 9797:Dialectical Christianity 9675:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 9573:Zen, Drugs and Mysticiam 9511:Abbot Zenkai Shibayama, 9496:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 9446:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 9232:Dialectical Christianity 9089:Catholic Worker Movement 9021:Dialectical Christianity 8927:(1971), pp. 9-11, 14-15. 8925:Dialectical Christianity 8847:Dialectical Christianity 8798:Dialectical Christianity 8670:Marxism and Christianity 8640:Dialectical Christianity 8541:Dialectical Christianity 8510:Dialectical Christianity 8497:Marxism and Christianity 8355:Dialectical Christianity 8145:Main Currents of Marxism 8038:Dialectical Christianity 7619:Vishwanath S. Naravane, 6266:The Perennial Philosophy 6167:Zen, Drugs, and Mysiticm 6139:(1886), in Fowlie, ed., 5857:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 5710:(1974), pp. 156-160, on 5447:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 5290:Mechthild of Magdeburg, 5087:(1972), pp. 68, 134-135. 5085:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 5008:Zen, Drugs and Mysticism 4945:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 4777:Surendranath N. Dasgupta 3895:Religion of Ancient Iran 3701:Sasanian Iran 224–651 CE 3464:Vishwanath S. Naravane, 3145:Christopher de Bellaigue 2986:The Teaching of the Magi 2921: 2665:of India, and zen abbot 2301:episodic in the millions 2127:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1950:When the family advisor 1162:Surendranath N. Dasgupta 932:. Next Zaehner mentions 771:were favored, while the 727:before the final parting 403:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 254:Christopher de Bellaigue 238:anti-Communist Albanians 159:(for Hindu scriptures), 96:Born on 8 April 1913 in 10927:English Roman Catholics 10818:Encyclopedia Britannica 10687:6: 139-148 (1976-1977). 10421:“Islam and Christ,” in 9832:Comparison of Religions 9733:The Politics of Ecstasy 9586:The Politics of Ecstasy 9472:A City within the Heart 9448:(1972), "Foreword" p.9. 9303:'s disobedience, p.333. 9195:and science, evolution. 8955:Psychology and Religion 8940:(1971), pp. 1-2, 71-72. 8899:The Doors of Perception 8781:The Communist Manifesto 8683:Dialectical Materialism 8450:Dialectical Materialism 8368:Dialectical Materialism 8171:Dialectical Materialism 8107:Their Morality and Ours 8051:Dialectical Materialism 8049:Cf., Gustav A. Wetter, 8004:dialectical materialism 7978:Struggle and Submission 7045:(1970), p. 147 (quote). 6272:The Doors of Perception 5951:The Doors of Perception 5599:The Spiritual Espousals 5558:(Routledge 1992, 1998). 5389:(1921; Bollingen 1971: 4857:Richard Maurice Bucke, 4476:Comparison of Religions 4317:'s rational critiques, 4079:(2004, 2012 update) in 4077:"Indo-Iranian Religion" 3650:The Journal of Religion 3585:(2001), p. 181 (quote). 3302:Cereti (1957), ¶¶17-20. 3233:29 October 2008 at the 3184:No Heaven for Gunga Din 3133:Encyclopædia Britannica 3050:Richard Charles Zaehner 2969:Richard Charles Zaehner 2705:hippie psychotic fringe 2579:psychedelic experiences 2454:mystical body of Christ 2316:Dialectical materialism 2257:dialectical materialism 1853:The resulting treatise 1760:Theism, e.g., Christian 1729:and of the non-dualist 1347:Mechthild von Magdeburg 1110:mysticism, whereby the 1088:The Doors of Perception 1022:classical Mediterranean 822:or "Making Excellent". 584:(the Holy Spirit), and 547:, a Zoroastrian dilemma 442:Zen, Drug and Mysticism 10952:MI6 operatives in Iran 10591:William Lloyd Newell, 10451:Svetasvatara Upanishad 10126:(1981) p. 136 (quote). 9958:(1974) p. 235 (quote). 9821:(1974) p. 234 (quote). 9513:A Flower does not Talk 8601:, the tanks moved in." 8421: 8256: 8215: 7952:The Future of the Body 7777:(1971), p. 36 (quote). 7529:in 1948. Cf. Zaehner, 7449: 7424:The Book of Yudhisthir 7367:(1971), p. 16 (quote). 7259:The Book of Yudhisthir 7131:Barend A. van Nooten, 7028:William Lloyd Newell, 6817:, Being-Thought-Joy"). 5650: 5550:Clarissa Pinkola Estés 5538:Descent to the Goddess 5243:Carl Jung's psychology 5208:function as a deified 5163: 5040:E.g., Sidney Spencer, 4470:Shri Krishna Saksena, 4094:Ancient India and Iran 3935:fits that time period. 3616:(1981), p. iv (quote). 2846:Sack of Constantinople 2750:'s Brahman (121-122); 2553:'New Age' drug culture 2535: 2335:'s idealist system of 2292: 2265:historical materialism 2169:Power of Consciousness 2165: 2144:and Bergson's idea of 2094:(1881–1955), a French 1834:to author a volume on 1542:Dualism, e.g., Samkhya 1503:, the descriptions of 1362: 1286:This idea, called the 896: 507:Wilfred Cantwell Smith 226: 41:Robert Charles Zaehner 37: 10912:People from Sevenoaks 10829:Encyclopaedia Iranica 10796:, 1952; reprinted in 10677:Encyclopaedia Iranica 10584:George Kizhakkemury, 10564:Criticism, commentary 10399:, 1952; reprinted in 10027:the mote and the beam 10013:(1963), p.27 (quote). 9560:Evolution in Religion 9331:Evolution in Religion 9219:Evolution in Religion 9159:Evolution in Religion 9114:The Convergent Spirit 9060:Teilhard. A biography 9047:Evolution in Religion 9032:Teilhard de Chardin, 8987:Teilhard de Chardin, 8938:Evolution in Religion 8914:(1963), p.16 (quote). 8912:The Convergent Spirit 8794:Evolution in Religion 8786:The Convergent Spirit 8582:Reason and Revolution 8424:Evolution in Religion 8417:criticism of politics 8413:criticism of theology 8401: 8340:(2017 film), and the 8252: 8207: 7824:Modern Indian Thought 7775:Evolution in Religion 7752:Evolution in Religion 7671:Evolution in Religion 7576:Evolution in Religion 7562:The Phenomenon of Man 7559:Teilhard de Chardin, 7544:The Convergent Spirit 7440: 7381:J. A. B. van Buitenen 6807:City within the Heart 5899:Newell (1981), p. vi. 5645: 5534:Sylvia Brinton Perera 5151: 4733:Cf. Michael Stoebel, 4531:Evolution in Religion 4313:'s natural religion, 4092:Nalinee M. Chapekar, 4081:Encyclopaedia Iranica 3716:Zaehner differs with 3466:Modern Indian Thought 3331:(1970), p. 6 (quote). 3088:16: 66–74, 74 (1976). 2567:City within the Heart 2522: 2410:materialist dialectic 2305:continuously sadistic 2277: 2235:A militant state cult 2157: 2084:Evolution in Religion 1733:, and Sankara versus 1663:Monism, e.g., Vedanta 1517:Richard Maurice Bucke 1389:Typology of mysticism 1358: 1262:Comparative mysticism 888: 874:Choice of perspective 844:The Convergent Spirit 651:Teachings of the Magi 411:comparative religions 287:'s royal hold on the 217: 169:Christ Church, Oxford 110:Christ Church, Oxford 108:, he was admitted to 35: 10887:British Iranologists 10851:Psychedelic Press UK 10778:Zoroastrian Heritage 10730:History of Religions 10488:As translator/editor 10470:The Expository Times 10416:Indo-Iranian Journal 9677:(1972), pp. 133-134. 9483:Kaushitaki Upanishad 9435:(1972), e.g., p. 77. 9394:Zaehner's 1970 book 9178:(1957), pp. 201-202. 8555:Dialectics of Nature 8158:Concise Encyclopedia 8025:Concise Encyclopedia 7916:. The experience of 7244:(1970), pp. 180-185 7122:(2001), pp. 159–160. 6706:Cf., Mircea Eliade, 6459:(98, 108, 124-125), 6401:(Oxford 1970), p.97. 6324:Patanjali et le Yoga 6034:(1970), pp. 294-297. 5610:Jan van Ruysbroeck, 5574:The Dialectic of Sex 5421:Beguine Spirituality 5337:Jung and his mystics 4839:(1957, 1961) at 168. 4763:Quoted at length is 4058:(p. 36); the lawful 3781:Alessandro Bausani, 3397:Cf., Lambton (1975). 3293:(2012), pp. 271-278. 3210:Mehrzad Boroujerdi, 2955:(1987), pp. 243–244. 2901:History of religions 2896:Comparative religion 2758:hero who arrives at 2692:(pp. 163–170). 2648:In his appraisal of 2452:. Engendered is the 2362:Zaehner writes that 2345:comparative religion 2086:, Zaehner discusses 1639:: sacred power), or 1532:Perennial Philosophy 1428:(3) Theistic, e.g., 1288:Perennial philosophy 1280:Cosmic Consciousness 1002:(pp. 131–132). 884:classical literature 858:Comparative religion 670:Shikand Gumani Vazar 260:, the editor of the 205:British intelligence 195:British intelligence 163:(for Buddhist), and 142:Cambridge University 69:comparative religion 36:R. C. Zaehner (1972) 10820:, updated 4-1-2018. 10747:10: 77-118 (1982). 10685:Studies in Religion 10638:Jeffrey John Kripal 10602:John Paul Reardon, 10412:Abu Yazid of Bistam 9931:A. Berriedale Keith 9649:Dietrich Bonhoeffer 9234:(1971), pp. 14-26: 9191:(1963), pp. 44-67: 9101:Liberation theology 8990:Le Phénomène humain 8622:The God that Failed 8337:The Death of Stalin 7737:Joseph Veliyathil, 7280:Rabindranath Tagore 7071:, especially p.168. 6205:History of Religion 6130:Une saison en enfer 6090:Between man and man 5569:Shulamith Firestone 5386:Psychological Types 5261:The Interior Castle 5148:analytic psychology 4511:Cf., Sethna (1981). 4325:'s existentialism, 3228:"Another Fine Mess" 3149:Patriot of Persia. 3086:History of Religion 2916:Interfaith dialogue 2850:Albigensian Crusade 2754:(141-160); and the 2746:is compared to the 2442:Teilhard de Chardin 2436:The interaction of 2368:Darwinian evolution 2349:dialectic of matter 2088:Sri Aurobindo Ghose 2033:discusses with the 1793:and World Religions 1445:tripartite typology 1430:Abrahamic religions 1421:non-dualist Vedanta 1044:Mystical experience 994:(p. 119-120), 672:by Mardan Farrukh. 523:Zoroastrian studies 316:counterintelligence 221:counterintelligence 112:, where he studied 61:mystical experience 10957:Mysticism scholars 10725:Geoffrey Parrinder 10577:Albano Fernandes, 10503:The Bhagavad Gita. 10171:Concordant Discord 10066:Concordant Discord 9924:pp. 126, 129; and 9664:(1974), pp. 19-73. 9500:Jiddu Krishnamurti 9396:Concordant Discord 9293:Concordant Discord 9270:Concordant Discord 9155:Concordant Discord 9131:Concordant Discord 8832:(Macmillan 1968), 8790:Concordant Discord 8652:Alexander Yakovlev 8595:Concordant Discord 8552:Friedrich Engels, 8493:Alasdair MacIntyre 8448:Gustav A. Wetter, 8435:Robert C. Tucker, 7991:Concordant Discord 7965:Concordant Discord 7589:Essays on the Gita 7546:, American title: 7437:Concordant Discord 7398:Concordant Discord 7327:Concordant Discord 7305:Concordant Discord 7242:Concordant Discord 7056:Concordant Discord 6989:The experience of 6494:Concordant Discord 6399:Concordant Discord 6295:Concordant Discord 6241:(1974), pp. 10–12. 6201:Geoffrey Parrinder 6154:Concordant Discord 6079:(1958), pp. 91-92. 6032:Concordant Discord 5993:(1970), pp. 41-42. 5991:Concordant Discord 5819:Concordant Discord 5636:Evelyn Underhill, 5464:Concordant Discord 5432:Francis de Sales, 5275:Concordant Discord 5098:Concordant Discord 4995:Concordant Discord 4908:(1970), pp. 46–48. 4906:Concordant Discord 4882:(1970), pp. 40-50. 4880:Concordant Discord 4455:Concordant Discord 4416:Concordant Discord 4356:Concordant Discord 4333:'s psychology (or 4329:'s irrationalism, 3906:Josef Wiesehöfer, 3663:Concordant Discord 3646:Concordant Discord 3644:Smith, "Review of 3479:Concordant Discord 3421:Concordant Discord 3329:Concordant Discord 3276:Fakhreddin Azimi, 3151:Muhammad Mossadegh 3082:Geoffrey Parrinder 2539:cultural evolution 2432:Cultural evolution 2111:ancient literature 1896:(liberation), and 1810:Geoffrey Parrinder 1614:(Sanskrit: self). 1343:spiritual marriage 1057:Sacred and Profane 970:(pp. 25–26), 892:Christian theology 864:Concordant Discord 852:Concordant Discord 826:Articles, chapters 293:Mohammed Mossadegh 246:Persian literature 132:, another ancient 57:Spalding Professor 38: 10892:British diplomats 10831:, Sept. 22, 2015. 10691:Ann K. S. Lambton 10650:Michael Stoeber, 10496:Hindu Scriptures. 10384:Selected articles 10053:Matter and Spirit 10011:Matter and Spirit 9973:Richard Jefferies 9929:164). She cites 9926:Dawn and Twilight 9746:sexual revolution 9189:Convergent Spirit 9151:Convergent Spirit 9103:in Latin America. 9058:Lukas and Lukas, 9034:The Future of Man 9008:Convergent Spirit 8810:Stéphane Courtois 8567:Herbert Marcuse, 8461:Charles C. West, 8284:Stéphane Courtois 8267:Matter and Spirit 8141:Leszek Kolakowski 7854:1914-1921). "The 7807:Haridas Chaudhuri 7764:(pp. 13, 48, 74). 7587:E.g., Aurobindo, 7510:The Bhagavad Gita 7257:Buddhadeva Bose, 6971:Fernandes (2004). 6949:); pp. 439, 687 ( 6943:Indian Philosophy 6897:Indian Philosophy 6828:Indian Philosophy 6753:Indian Philosophy 6527:Kovoor T. Behanan 6209:Jalal ad-Din Rumi 6136:Les illuminations 6066:(1972), pp. 90-1. 5861:Indian Philosophy 5806:The Bhagavad Gita 5695:Ann K. S. Lambton 5484:Being Aware Bliss 5408:Angela of Foligno 5258:Teresa of Avila, 4865:, Francis Bacon, 4373:rational agnostic 4341:'s sociology (or 4305:' radical doubt, 4174:Matter and Spirit 4140:Dawn and Twilight 3985:Dawn and Twilight 3959:Dawn and Twilight 3874:Dawn and Twilight 3857:Dawn and Twilight 3342:Patriot of Persia 3291:Patriot of Persia 3265:Patriot of Persia 2965:Ann K. S. Lambton 2906:Religious studies 2587:eastern mysticism 2543:natural selection 2508:, offered by the 2506:tree of knowledge 2426:classless society 2376:Hegelian Absolute 2201:Zaehner gave the 2082:In his 1971 book 1375:Jan van Ruusbroec 1354:François de Sales 1248:Junayd of Baghdad 1072:All Souls College 921:In his 1958 book 848:Matter and Spirit 786:Zurvan i Akanarak 705:reformed the old 677:Dawn and Twilight 555:Achaemenid Empire 485:Ann K. S. Lambton 468:Peer descriptions 427:All Souls College 380:Oxford University 236:where he trained 45:Eastern religions 16:(Redirected from 10969: 10840:Gifford Lectures 10721: 10630:S. I. Sudiarja, 10558: 10555: 10549: 10546: 10393:Iranian folklore 10327:Gifford Lectures 10150: 10133: 10127: 10120: 10114: 10091: 10085: 10062: 10056: 10049: 10043: 10036: 10030: 10020: 10014: 10007: 10001: 9986: 9980: 9965: 9959: 9952: 9946: 9911: 9905: 9898: 9892: 9881: 9875: 9854: 9848: 9841: 9835: 9828: 9822: 9815: 9809: 9806: 9800: 9793: 9787: 9776: 9770: 9767: 9761: 9755: 9749: 9742: 9736: 9729: 9723: 9712: 9706: 9699: 9693: 9684: 9678: 9671: 9665: 9658: 9652: 9641: 9635: 9621: 9615: 9608: 9602: 9595: 9589: 9582: 9576: 9569: 9563: 9552: 9546: 9539: 9533: 9526: 9520: 9509: 9503: 9492: 9486: 9468: 9462: 9455: 9449: 9442: 9436: 9433:Drugs, Mysticism 9425: 9419: 9409: 9403: 9392: 9386: 9379: 9373: 9362: 9356: 9353: 9347: 9340: 9334: 9327: 9321: 9310: 9304: 9283: 9277: 9266: 9260: 9253: 9247: 9228: 9222: 9215: 9209: 9202: 9196: 9185: 9179: 9172: 9166: 9148: 9142: 9135:Hindu and Muslim 9123: 9117: 9110: 9104: 9073: 9067: 9056: 9050: 9043: 9037: 9030: 9024: 9017: 9011: 9004: 8998: 8985: 8979: 8968: 8962: 8947: 8941: 8934: 8928: 8921: 8915: 8908: 8902: 8895: 8889: 8882: 8876: 8873: 8867: 8860:Comment je crois 8856: 8850: 8843: 8837: 8823: 8817: 8807: 8801: 8776: 8770: 8749: 8743: 8728: 8722: 8715: 8709: 8702: 8696: 8679: 8673: 8665: 8659: 8649: 8643: 8636: 8630: 8627:Richard Crossman 8617: 8611: 8608: 8602: 8591: 8585: 8578: 8572: 8565: 8559: 8550: 8544: 8543:, p.32 (quotes). 8537: 8531: 8528: 8522: 8519: 8513: 8506: 8500: 8490: 8484: 8477: 8471: 8459: 8453: 8446: 8440: 8433: 8427: 8390: 8384: 8381: 8375: 8364: 8358: 8351: 8345: 8332: 8326: 8319: 8313: 8303: 8297: 8276: 8270: 8263: 8257: 8241:Nicolas Berdyaev 8238: 8232: 8222: 8216: 8200: 8194: 8183:Jean-Paul Sartre 8180: 8174: 8167: 8161: 8154: 8148: 8129: 8123: 8116: 8110: 8100: 8094: 8080: 8074: 8060: 8054: 8047: 8041: 8034: 8028: 8021: 8015: 8014:: section below. 8000: 7994: 7987: 7981: 7974: 7968: 7961: 7955: 7944: 7938: 7927: 7921: 7902: 7896: 7886: 7880: 7873: 7867: 7842: 7836: 7820: 7814: 7804: 7798: 7784: 7778: 7771: 7765: 7748: 7742: 7735: 7729: 7722: 7716: 7692: 7686: 7667: 7661: 7654: 7648: 7634: 7628: 7617: 7611: 7604: 7598: 7585: 7579: 7572: 7566: 7557: 7551: 7540: 7534: 7533:(1966), p.1, n2. 7519: 7513: 7506: 7500: 7494: 7488: 7481: 7475: 7468: 7462: 7456: 7450: 7433: 7427: 7420: 7414: 7407: 7401: 7394: 7388: 7374: 7368: 7361: 7355: 7344: 7338: 7323: 7317: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7295: 7289: 7283: 7268: 7262: 7255: 7249: 7238: 7232: 7209: 7203: 7192: 7186: 7181:Cf. van Nooten, 7179: 7173: 7164:) for warriors ( 7154: 7148: 7129: 7123: 7116: 7110: 7103: 7097: 7091: 7085: 7078: 7072: 7065: 7059: 7052: 7046: 7039: 7033: 7026: 7020: 7013: 7007: 7000: 6994: 6987: 6981: 6978: 6972: 6969: 6963: 6962:Schebera (1978). 6960: 6954: 6939: 6933: 6928:compared to the 6926:Sac, Cid, Ananda 6918: 6912: 6893: 6887: 6884:Hindu and Muslim 6880: 6874: 6871: 6865: 6850: 6844: 6837: 6831: 6824: 6818: 6803: 6797: 6778: 6772: 6765:Mysore Hiriyanna 6762: 6756: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6734: 6727: 6721: 6704: 6698: 6675: 6669: 6658: 6652: 6649: 6643: 6630:B. K. S. Iyengar 6627: 6621: 6614: 6608: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6586: 6583:Hindu and Muslim 6579: 6573: 6561: 6555: 6548: 6542: 6524: 6518: 6507: 6501: 6490: 6484: 6445: 6439: 6428:physical culture 6408: 6402: 6380: 6374: 6350: 6344: 6317: 6311: 6304: 6298: 6291: 6285: 6282: 6276: 6261: 6255: 6248: 6242: 6235: 6229: 6218: 6212: 6197: 6191: 6176: 6170: 6163: 6157: 6150: 6144: 6127:Arthur Rimbaud, 6125: 6119: 6112: 6106: 6099: 6093: 6086: 6080: 6073: 6067: 6060: 6054: 6041: 6035: 6028: 6022: 6015: 6009: 6000: 5994: 5987: 5981: 5974: 5968: 5961: 5955: 5946: 5940: 5933: 5927: 5924: 5918: 5915: 5909: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5891: 5888: 5882: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5864: 5854: 5848: 5841: 5835: 5828: 5822: 5815: 5809: 5802: 5796: 5789: 5783: 5776: 5770: 5763: 5757: 5750: 5744: 5737: 5731: 5704: 5698: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5677: 5670: 5664: 5657: 5651: 5634: 5628: 5621: 5615: 5608: 5602: 5584: 5578: 5565: 5559: 5547: 5541: 5531: 5525: 5518: 5512: 5501: 5495: 5473: 5467: 5460: 5454: 5443: 5437: 5430: 5424: 5417: 5411: 5400: 5394: 5381: 5375: 5358: 5352: 5333: 5327: 5301: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5271: 5265: 5256: 5250: 5235: 5229: 5170: 5164: 5144: 5138: 5131:Orphic mysteries 5123:Evelyn Underhill 5120: 5114: 5107: 5101: 5094: 5088: 5081: 5075: 5068: 5062: 5055: 5049: 5038: 5032: 5025: 5019: 5004: 4998: 4991: 4985: 4971: 4965: 4954: 4948: 4933: 4927: 4924: 4918: 4915: 4909: 4902: 4896: 4889: 4883: 4876: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4846: 4840: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4818: 4811: 4805: 4794: 4788: 4787:in five volumes. 4774: 4768: 4761: 4755: 4748: 4742: 4731: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4693: 4687: 4684: 4678: 4671: 4665: 4651: 4645: 4638: 4632: 4625: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4599: 4593: 4586: 4580: 4569: 4563: 4544: 4538: 4527: 4521: 4518: 4512: 4509: 4503: 4489: 4483: 4468: 4462: 4451: 4445: 4442: 4436: 4429: 4423: 4412: 4406: 4391: 4385: 4382: 4376: 4365: 4359: 4352: 4346: 4321:'s historicism, 4301:'s prime mover, 4291: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4244: 4241: 4235: 4228: 4222: 4219: 4213: 4210: 4204: 4201: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4177: 4170: 4164: 4149: 4143: 4136: 4130: 4103: 4097: 4090: 4084: 4075:Gherardo Gnoli, 4073: 4067: 4022: 4016: 3981: 3975: 3968: 3962: 3955: 3949: 3942: 3936: 3917: 3911: 3904: 3898: 3887: 3881: 3870: 3864: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3822: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3796: 3790: 3787:Religion in Iran 3783:Persia religiosa 3779: 3773: 3766: 3760: 3753: 3747: 3740: 3734: 3714: 3708: 3699:Touraj Daryaee, 3697: 3691: 3684: 3678: 3672: 3666: 3659: 3653: 3642: 3636: 3632: 3626: 3623: 3617: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3557: 3551: 3544: 3538: 3531: 3525: 3522: 3516: 3501: 3495: 3488: 3482: 3475: 3469: 3462: 3456: 3449:S. Radhakrishnan 3446: 3440: 3433:Sarvepalli Gopal 3430: 3424: 3417: 3411: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3364: 3358: 3353:Jeffrey Kripal, 3351: 3345: 3338: 3332: 3325: 3319: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3287: 3281: 3274: 3268: 3261: 3255: 3251:(1993) cited in 3244: 3238: 3221: 3215: 3208: 3202: 3195: 3189: 3175: 3169: 3162: 3156: 3142: 3136: 3130: 3124: 3114: 3108: 3095: 3089: 3079: 3073: 3063: 3057: 3046: 3040: 3033: 3022: 3008: 3002: 2995: 2989: 2982: 2976: 2962: 2956: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2858:Wars of Religion 2683:Georges Bernanos 2679:Francis de Sales 2667:Zenkei Shibayama 2654:psychedelic drug 2630:Drugs, Mysticism 2615:Aleister Crowley 2372:Marxist-Leninist 2364:Friedrich Engels 2253:Marxist-Leninist 2203:Gifford Lectures 2115:prominent leader 1996:Hindu Scriptures 1884:As explained in 1812:. For Zaehner's 1513:Richard Jeffries 1460:Nature mysticism 1419:Monistic, e.g., 1133:Hindu and Muslim 936:(1869-1937) and 711:abstract notions 453:Gifford Lectures 365:Oxford professor 134:Iranian language 106:Tonbridge School 21: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10967: 10966: 10857: 10856: 10803:J. P. Reardon, 10792:R. C. Zaehner, 10783:R. C. Zaehner, 10769:R. C. Zaehner, 10766: 10751:Michael Dummett 10672:Ehsan Yarshater 10566: 10561: 10556: 10552: 10547: 10543: 10480:Jean de Menasce 10446:11: 8–11, 1963. 10377:Michael Dummett 10163: 10161:Zaehner's works 10158: 10153: 10134: 10130: 10121: 10117: 10095:Paul F. Knitter 10092: 10088: 10063: 10059: 10050: 10046: 10037: 10033: 10021: 10017: 10008: 10004: 9994:Hendrik Kraemer 9987: 9983: 9966: 9962: 9953: 9949: 9912: 9908: 9899: 9895: 9882: 9878: 9864:Collected Works 9855: 9851: 9842: 9838: 9829: 9825: 9816: 9812: 9807: 9803: 9794: 9790: 9777: 9773: 9768: 9764: 9756: 9752: 9743: 9739: 9730: 9726: 9713: 9709: 9700: 9696: 9685: 9681: 9672: 9668: 9659: 9655: 9642: 9638: 9622: 9618: 9609: 9605: 9596: 9592: 9584:Timothy Leary, 9583: 9579: 9570: 9566: 9553: 9549: 9540: 9536: 9528:Radhakrishnan, 9527: 9523: 9510: 9506: 9493: 9489: 9469: 9465: 9456: 9452: 9443: 9439: 9426: 9422: 9410: 9406: 9393: 9389: 9380: 9376: 9363: 9359: 9354: 9350: 9341: 9337: 9328: 9324: 9311: 9307: 9284: 9280: 9267: 9263: 9254: 9250: 9229: 9225: 9216: 9212: 9203: 9199: 9186: 9182: 9173: 9169: 9149: 9145: 9124: 9120: 9111: 9107: 9074: 9070: 9057: 9053: 9044: 9040: 9031: 9027: 9018: 9014: 9005: 9001: 8986: 8982: 8969: 8965: 8948: 8944: 8935: 8931: 8922: 8918: 8909: 8905: 8897:Aldous Huxley, 8896: 8892: 8883: 8879: 8874: 8870: 8857: 8853: 8844: 8840: 8826:Robert Conquest 8824: 8820: 8808: 8804: 8777: 8773: 8750: 8746: 8729: 8725: 8716: 8712: 8703: 8699: 8692:The Holy Family 8680: 8676: 8666: 8662: 8650: 8646: 8637: 8633: 8618: 8614: 8609: 8605: 8592: 8588: 8579: 8575: 8566: 8562: 8551: 8547: 8538: 8534: 8529: 8525: 8520: 8516: 8507: 8503: 8491: 8487: 8478: 8474: 8460: 8456: 8447: 8443: 8434: 8430: 8391: 8387: 8382: 8378: 8365: 8361: 8352: 8348: 8333: 8329: 8320: 8316: 8304: 8300: 8277: 8273: 8264: 8260: 8239: 8235: 8223: 8219: 8201: 8197: 8181: 8177: 8168: 8164: 8155: 8151: 8130: 8126: 8117: 8113: 8101: 8097: 8083:J. M. Bochenski 8081: 8077: 8063:Herbert Marcuse 8061: 8057: 8048: 8044: 8035: 8031: 8022: 8018: 8001: 7997: 7988: 7984: 7975: 7971: 7962: 7958: 7945: 7941: 7929:Gopi Krishnan, 7928: 7924: 7903: 7899: 7888:Sri Aurobindo, 7887: 7883: 7874: 7870: 7844:Sri Aurobindo, 7843: 7839: 7821: 7817: 7805: 7801: 7785: 7781: 7772: 7768: 7749: 7745: 7736: 7732: 7724:Sri Aurobindo, 7723: 7719: 7693: 7689: 7668: 7664: 7655: 7651: 7635: 7631: 7618: 7614: 7605: 7601: 7586: 7582: 7573: 7569: 7558: 7554: 7541: 7537: 7520: 7516: 7507: 7503: 7495: 7491: 7482: 7478: 7469: 7465: 7459:The Mahabharata 7457: 7453: 7442:"Cursed be the 7434: 7430: 7421: 7417: 7408: 7404: 7395: 7391: 7375: 7371: 7365:The Mahabharata 7362: 7358: 7345: 7341: 7324: 7320: 7315: 7311: 7302: 7298: 7290: 7286: 7269: 7265: 7256: 7252: 7239: 7235: 7210: 7206: 7193: 7189: 7183:The Mahabharata 7180: 7176: 7155: 7151: 7133:The Mahabharata 7130: 7126: 7117: 7113: 7104: 7100: 7094:Michael Dummett 7092: 7088: 7079: 7075: 7069:Saiva Siddhanta 7066: 7062: 7053: 7049: 7040: 7036: 7027: 7023: 7014: 7010: 7004:At Sundry Times 7001: 6997: 6988: 6984: 6980:Reardon (2012). 6979: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6957: 6941:Radhakrishnan, 6940: 6936: 6924:(1970), p.193 ( 6919: 6915: 6895:Radhakrishnan, 6894: 6890: 6881: 6877: 6872: 6868: 6864:or 'illusion'". 6851: 6847: 6839:Rasvihari Das, 6838: 6834: 6826:Radhakrishnan, 6825: 6821: 6804: 6800: 6779: 6775: 6763: 6759: 6751:Radhakrishnan, 6750: 6746: 6741: 6737: 6728: 6724: 6705: 6701: 6676: 6672: 6662:John P. Dourley 6659: 6655: 6650: 6646: 6628: 6624: 6615: 6611: 6602: 6598: 6593: 6589: 6580: 6576: 6562: 6558: 6549: 6545: 6541:(pp. xix, 251). 6525: 6521: 6508: 6504: 6491: 6487: 6463:(98, 107-108), 6446: 6442: 6409: 6405: 6381: 6377: 6351: 6347: 6318: 6314: 6305: 6301: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6279: 6263:Aldous Huxley, 6262: 6258: 6249: 6245: 6236: 6232: 6219: 6215: 6198: 6194: 6177: 6173: 6164: 6160: 6151: 6147: 6126: 6122: 6113: 6109: 6100: 6096: 6087: 6083: 6074: 6070: 6061: 6057: 6042: 6038: 6029: 6025: 6016: 6012: 6002:William James, 6001: 5997: 5988: 5984: 5975: 5971: 5962: 5958: 5948:Aldous Huxley, 5947: 5943: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5921: 5916: 5912: 5907: 5903: 5898: 5894: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5871: 5867: 5855: 5851: 5845:At Sundry Times 5842: 5838: 5829: 5825: 5816: 5812: 5803: 5799: 5790: 5786: 5780:At Sundry Times 5777: 5773: 5764: 5760: 5754:Hindu Mysticism 5751: 5747: 5738: 5734: 5705: 5701: 5693: 5689: 5684: 5680: 5671: 5667: 5658: 5654: 5635: 5631: 5622: 5618: 5609: 5605: 5585: 5581: 5566: 5562: 5548: 5544: 5532: 5528: 5520:E.g., Zaehner, 5519: 5515: 5505:Joseph Maréchal 5502: 5498: 5474: 5470: 5461: 5457: 5444: 5440: 5431: 5427: 5418: 5414: 5401: 5397: 5382: 5378: 5359: 5355: 5334: 5330: 5304:John P. Dourley 5302: 5298: 5289: 5285: 5272: 5268: 5257: 5253: 5236: 5232: 5171: 5167: 5145: 5141: 5121: 5117: 5108: 5104: 5095: 5091: 5082: 5078: 5069: 5065: 5056: 5052: 5039: 5035: 5029:locus classicus 5026: 5022: 5005: 5001: 4992: 4988: 4972: 4968: 4955: 4951: 4934: 4930: 4925: 4921: 4917:Reardon (2011). 4916: 4912: 4903: 4899: 4890: 4886: 4877: 4873: 4856: 4852: 4847: 4843: 4835:E.g., Zaehner, 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4812: 4808: 4802:Hindu Mysticism 4795: 4791: 4781:Hindu Mysticism 4775: 4771: 4762: 4758: 4749: 4745: 4732: 4728: 4719: 4715: 4694: 4690: 4685: 4681: 4672: 4668: 4652: 4648: 4639: 4635: 4626: 4622: 4613: 4609: 4600: 4596: 4587: 4583: 4570: 4566: 4552:At Sundry Times 4545: 4541: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4490: 4486: 4480:At Sundry Times 4469: 4465: 4452: 4448: 4443: 4439: 4430: 4426: 4413: 4409: 4401:with the Greek 4392: 4388: 4383: 4379: 4366: 4362: 4353: 4349: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4278: 4269: 4265: 4260: 4256: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4238: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4211: 4207: 4202: 4198: 4193: 4189: 4184: 4180: 4171: 4167: 4150: 4146: 4137: 4133: 4104: 4100: 4091: 4087: 4074: 4070: 4028:, v. 1 (1975): 4023: 4019: 4013:Georges Dumézil 3982: 3978: 3969: 3965: 3956: 3952: 3943: 3939: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3901: 3888: 3884: 3871: 3867: 3859:(1961), p. 25 ( 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3823: 3819: 3810: 3806: 3797: 3793: 3780: 3776: 3767: 3763: 3754: 3750: 3741: 3737: 3715: 3711: 3698: 3694: 3685: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3660: 3656: 3643: 3639: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3567: 3558: 3554: 3550:(2001), p. 189. 3545: 3541: 3532: 3528: 3523: 3519: 3502: 3498: 3489: 3485: 3476: 3472: 3463: 3459: 3447: 3443: 3431: 3427: 3418: 3414: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3365: 3361: 3352: 3348: 3339: 3335: 3326: 3322: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3288: 3284: 3275: 3271: 3262: 3258: 3253:N.C.R.I.-F.A.C. 3245: 3241: 3235:Wayback Machine 3222: 3218: 3209: 3205: 3196: 3192: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3159: 3143: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3115: 3111: 3096: 3092: 3080: 3076: 3066:Michael Dummett 3064: 3060: 3047: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3009: 3005: 2996: 2992: 2983: 2979: 2963: 2959: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2892: 2791: 2772:element in the 2725:Stanley Kubrick 2717:Anthony Burgess 2700: 2633: 2555: 2434: 2402:Arthur Koestler 2387:Herbert Marcuse 2318: 2237: 2232: 2199: 2136:in its classic 2096:palaeontologist 2080: 1992: 1922: 1912:, the deities, 1824: 1801: 1791:Catholic Church 1770:Vishishtadvaita 1762: 1725:of the dualist 1688:Advaita Vedanta 1667:In non-dualist 1665: 1627:cosmic totality 1623:Advaita Vedanta 1544: 1528:beatific vision 1466:oceanic feeling 1462: 1412:Dualist, e.g., 1391: 1339:Teresa de Jesús 1327:Bride of Christ 1312: 1296:Frithjof Schuon 1264: 1136: 1114:(the soul) and 1060: 1046: 1034:timeless states 1018:Cardinal Newman 959: 919: 916:At Sundry Times 876: 860: 836:At Sundry Times 828: 729:of ways of the 680: 654: 563:Sasanian Empire 532: 525: 520: 496:Michael Dummett 470: 418:Michael Dummett 382:. Returning to 376: 374:University work 367: 258:Kingsley Martin 197: 122:ancient Persian 94: 89: 87:Life and career 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10975: 10965: 10964: 10959: 10954: 10949: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10855: 10854: 10843: 10834:Alana Howard, 10832: 10823:Carlo Cereti, 10821: 10810: 10801: 10790: 10781: 10765: 10764:External links 10762: 10761: 10760: 10759: 10758: 10741: 10734: 10722: 10701: 10688: 10681: 10666:Carlo Cereti, 10663: 10662: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10648: 10645: 10628: 10618: 10611: 10600: 10589: 10582: 10574: 10573: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10559: 10550: 10540: 10539: 10538: 10534: 10533: 10532: 10531: 10525: 10519: 10507: 10499: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10485: 10484: 10474: 10465: 10455:J. M. Kitagawa 10447: 10440: 10433: 10426: 10419: 10408: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10381: 10380: 10370: 10364: 10363: 10362: 10350: 10344: 10338: 10337: 10336: 10320: 10319: 10318: 10312: 10300: 10299: 10298: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10278: 10272: 10260: 10259: 10258: 10246: 10240: 10239: 10238: 10232: 10220: 10219: 10218: 10212: 10206: 10194: 10193: 10192: 10180: 10174: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10154: 10152: 10151: 10149:(1974), p.194. 10147:Our Savage God 10128: 10115: 10086: 10064:Cf., Zaehner, 10057: 10044: 10038:Cf., Zaehner, 10031: 10015: 10002: 9988:Cf., Zaehner, 9981: 9967:Cf., Zaehner, 9960: 9956:Our Savage God 9947: 9906: 9900:Cf., Zeahner, 9893: 9876: 9849: 9836: 9830:Cf., Zaehner, 9823: 9819:Our Savage God 9810: 9801: 9788: 9780:Our Savage God 9771: 9762: 9750: 9737: 9724: 9707: 9694: 9679: 9666: 9662:Our Savage God 9653: 9636: 9632:Our Savage God 9616: 9612:Our Savage God 9603: 9599:Our Savage God 9590: 9577: 9564: 9547: 9543:Our Savage God 9534: 9521: 9519:(1972), p. 81. 9504: 9487: 9463: 9450: 9437: 9420: 9404: 9387: 9374: 9357: 9348: 9342:K. D. Sethna, 9335: 9322: 9305: 9278: 9261: 9248: 9223: 9210: 9197: 9180: 9167: 9143: 9118: 9105: 9068: 9051: 9038: 9025: 9012: 8999: 8980: 8974:(Zurich 1951; 8963: 8942: 8929: 8916: 8903: 8890: 8877: 8868: 8851: 8838: 8818: 8802: 8792:pp. 258, 419; 8771: 8744: 8723: 8710: 8706:Soviet Marxism 8697: 8674: 8660: 8644: 8638:Cf., Zaehner, 8631: 8612: 8603: 8599:Czechoslovakia 8586: 8573: 8560: 8545: 8532: 8523: 8514: 8501: 8485: 8472: 8454: 8441: 8428: 8422:Cf., Zaehner, 8385: 8376: 8359: 8346: 8327: 8323:Soviet Marxism 8314: 8306:Anne Applebaum 8298: 8271: 8258: 8233: 8217: 8204:Soviet Marxism 8195: 8175: 8162: 8149: 8124: 8120:Soviet Marxism 8111: 8095: 8075: 8055: 8042: 8029: 8016: 7995: 7982: 7969: 7956: 7948:Michael Murphy 7939: 7935:von Weizsacker 7922: 7897: 7881: 7868: 7837: 7833:gnostic beings 7815: 7799: 7779: 7766: 7761:sac-cid-ānanda 7743: 7730: 7717: 7705:influenced by 7687: 7662: 7649: 7629: 7612: 7599: 7580: 7567: 7552: 7535: 7514: 7501: 7489: 7476: 7463: 7451: 7428: 7415: 7402: 7389: 7369: 7356: 7339: 7318: 7309: 7296: 7284: 7282:(pp. 187-192). 7263: 7250: 7233: 7204: 7187: 7174: 7149: 7124: 7111: 7098: 7086: 7080:Cf., Zaehner, 7073: 7060: 7058:(1970), p.333. 7047: 7034: 7021: 7008: 6995: 6982: 6973: 6964: 6955: 6934: 6913: 6888: 6875: 6873:Newell (1981). 6866: 6845: 6832: 6819: 6815:Sat-Cit-Ananda 6798: 6773: 6757: 6744: 6735: 6722: 6699: 6670: 6653: 6644: 6622: 6609: 6596: 6587: 6574: 6556: 6543: 6519: 6502: 6496:(1970), p.97, 6485: 6475:} (102, 125), 6440: 6411:Mark Singleton 6403: 6375: 6345: 6312: 6299: 6286: 6277: 6256: 6243: 6239:Our Savage God 6237:Cf., Zaehner, 6230: 6213: 6192: 6171: 6158: 6145: 6120: 6116:Our Savage God 6107: 6094: 6088:Martin Buber, 6081: 6068: 6055: 6036: 6023: 6021:(1972), p.168. 6010: 5995: 5982: 5969: 5956: 5941: 5928: 5919: 5910: 5901: 5892: 5883: 5874: 5865: 5849: 5847:(1958), p.172. 5836: 5823: 5810: 5797: 5784: 5771: 5758: 5745: 5739:Cf., Zaehner, 5732: 5708:Our Savage God 5699: 5687: 5678: 5665: 5652: 5629: 5616: 5603: 5587:Bernard McGinn 5579: 5560: 5542: 5526: 5513: 5496: 5481:sac-cid-ananda 5475:Cf., Zaehner, 5468: 5455: 5438: 5425: 5412: 5395: 5376: 5353: 5328: 5296: 5283: 5266: 5251: 5237:Cf., Zaehner, 5230: 5174:Jolande Jacobi 5165: 5139: 5115: 5102: 5096:Cf., Zaehner, 5089: 5076: 5063: 5050: 5033: 5020: 4999: 4986: 4974:James H. Leuba 4966: 4949: 4928: 4919: 4910: 4897: 4884: 4871: 4850: 4841: 4828: 4819: 4806: 4789: 4769: 4756: 4743: 4726: 4713: 4688: 4679: 4666: 4646: 4633: 4629:Our Savage God 4627:Cf., Zaehner, 4620: 4607: 4594: 4581: 4564: 4554:title is from 4539: 4522: 4513: 4504: 4484: 4463: 4446: 4437: 4424: 4407: 4393:Cf., Zaehner, 4386: 4377: 4367:Cf., Zaehner, 4360: 4347: 4309:'s pantheism, 4286: 4276: 4263: 4254: 4245: 4236: 4223: 4214: 4205: 4196: 4187: 4178: 4172:Cf., Zaehner, 4165: 4144: 4131: 4098: 4085: 4068: 4017: 3976: 3963: 3950: 3937: 3912: 3908:Ancient Persia 3899: 3882: 3880:'s conquests). 3865: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3817: 3811:Farhang Mehr, 3804: 3791: 3774: 3761: 3748: 3735: 3709: 3692: 3679: 3667: 3654: 3637: 3627: 3618: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3574: 3565: 3552: 3539: 3526: 3517: 3496: 3483: 3470: 3457: 3441: 3425: 3412: 3399: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3359: 3346: 3340:de Bellaigue, 3333: 3320: 3304: 3295: 3289:de Bellaigue, 3282: 3269: 3263:de Bellaigue, 3256: 3239: 3216: 3203: 3190: 3170: 3157: 3137: 3125: 3116:Peter Wright, 3109: 3090: 3074: 3058: 3041: 3023: 3003: 2990: 2977: 2957: 2944: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2918: 2913: 2911:Zoroastrianism 2908: 2903: 2898: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2876: 2873:Tower of Babel 2865: 2842: 2831: 2820: 2807: 2790: 2787: 2783:Charles Manson 2765:Sat-Cit-Ananda 2713:the 1962 novel 2699: 2697:Our Savage God 2694: 2632: 2627: 2619:Charles Manson 2571:counterculture 2563:Our Savage God 2554: 2551: 2502:Garden of Eden 2473:Christological 2433: 2430: 2392:trade insights 2317: 2314: 2273:class conflict 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2198: 2195: 2121:, he became a 2079: 2076: 1991: 1988: 1978:dharma of the 1921: 1918: 1906:Mahatma Gandhi 1823: 1818: 1800: 1797: 1761: 1758: 1664: 1661: 1543: 1540: 1509:Arthur Rimbaud 1472:, or often as 1461: 1458: 1434: 1433: 1426: 1425: 1424: 1417: 1407: 1390: 1387: 1311: 1308: 1263: 1260: 1243: 1242: 1231: 1203: 1180:, and that of 1148:Santana Dharma 1135: 1130: 1059: 1054: 1045: 1042: 986:(p. 96), 978:(p. 68), 958: 953: 918: 913: 875: 872: 868:Our Savage God 859: 856: 827: 824: 791:Amesha Spentas 765:, in Iran the 723:Amesha Spentas 715:Amesha Spentas 679: 674: 653: 648: 536:Zoroastrianism 531: 526: 524: 521: 519: 516: 469: 466: 375: 372: 366: 363: 358:Jeffrey Kripal 311:In the 1960s, 297:Prime Minister 196: 193: 189:Roman Catholic 173:Arthur Rimbaud 93: 90: 88: 85: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10974: 10963: 10960: 10958: 10955: 10953: 10950: 10948: 10945: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10932:MI6 personnel 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10853:, 2012, 2015. 10852: 10848: 10844: 10841: 10837: 10833: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10819: 10815: 10811: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10788: 10787: 10782: 10779: 10775: 10773: 10768: 10767: 10756: 10752: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10739: 10735: 10732: 10731: 10726: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10702: 10699: 10698: 10692: 10689: 10686: 10682: 10679: 10678: 10673: 10669: 10665: 10664: 10660: 10659: 10653: 10649: 10646: 10643: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10629: 10626: 10622: 10619: 10616: 10612: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10598: 10594: 10590: 10587: 10583: 10580: 10576: 10575: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10554: 10545: 10541: 10536: 10535: 10529: 10526: 10523: 10520: 10517: 10514: 10513: 10511: 10508: 10505: 10504: 10500: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10490: 10487: 10486: 10482: 10481: 10475: 10472: 10471: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10461:Mircea Eliade 10456: 10452: 10448: 10445: 10441: 10438: 10434: 10431: 10427: 10424: 10423:Dublin Review 10420: 10417: 10413: 10409: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10390: 10389: 10386: 10383: 10382: 10378: 10374: 10371: 10368: 10365: 10360: 10357: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10339: 10334: 10331: 10330: 10328: 10324: 10321: 10316: 10313: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10282: 10279: 10276: 10273: 10270: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10261: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10244: 10241: 10236: 10233: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10221: 10216: 10213: 10210: 10207: 10204: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10181: 10178: 10175: 10172: 10168: 10165: 10164: 10148: 10144: 10140: 10139: 10132: 10125: 10119: 10112: 10108: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10090: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10061: 10054: 10048: 10041: 10035: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10012: 10006: 9999: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9978: 9974: 9970: 9964: 9957: 9951: 9944: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9915: 9910: 9903: 9897: 9890: 9886: 9880: 9873: 9869: 9865: 9861: 9860: 9853: 9846: 9840: 9833: 9827: 9820: 9814: 9805: 9799:(1971), p.37. 9798: 9792: 9785: 9781: 9775: 9766: 9759: 9754: 9747: 9741: 9734: 9728: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9704: 9701:Cf., Weiner, 9698: 9691: 9690: 9689:The Economist 9683: 9676: 9670: 9663: 9657: 9650: 9646: 9640: 9633: 9629: 9625: 9620: 9613: 9607: 9600: 9594: 9587: 9581: 9574: 9568: 9561: 9557: 9551: 9544: 9538: 9531: 9525: 9518: 9514: 9508: 9501: 9497: 9491: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9460: 9454: 9447: 9441: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9417: 9415: 9408: 9401: 9397: 9391: 9384: 9378: 9371: 9367: 9361: 9352: 9345: 9339: 9332: 9326: 9319: 9315: 9314:Erich Neumann 9309: 9302: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9289: 9282: 9275: 9271: 9265: 9259:(1971, 1974). 9258: 9252: 9245: 9244: 9239: 9238: 9233: 9227: 9220: 9214: 9207: 9201: 9194: 9190: 9184: 9177: 9171: 9164: 9160: 9156: 9152: 9147: 9140: 9136: 9132: 9128: 9125:The works of 9122: 9115: 9109: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9085:Rauschenbusch 9082: 9078: 9077:Social Gospel 9072: 9065: 9064:worker priest 9061: 9055: 9048: 9042: 9035: 9029: 9022: 9016: 9009: 9003: 8996: 8995:Julian Huxley 8992: 8991: 8984: 8977: 8973: 8967: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8946: 8939: 8933: 8926: 8920: 8913: 8907: 8900: 8894: 8887: 8881: 8872: 8865: 8861: 8855: 8848: 8842: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8822: 8815: 8811: 8806: 8799: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8783: 8782: 8775: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8759: 8754: 8753:Lucien Bianco 8748: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8720: 8714: 8707: 8701: 8694: 8693: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8671: 8664: 8657: 8653: 8648: 8641: 8635: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8616: 8607: 8600: 8596: 8590: 8583: 8580:Cf. Marcuse, 8577: 8570: 8564: 8557: 8556: 8549: 8542: 8536: 8527: 8518: 8511: 8505: 8498: 8494: 8489: 8482: 8476: 8468: 8464: 8458: 8451: 8445: 8438: 8432: 8425: 8420: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8399: 8395: 8389: 8380: 8373: 8369: 8363: 8356: 8350: 8344:in 1937-1938. 8343: 8339: 8338: 8331: 8324: 8318: 8311: 8307: 8302: 8295: 8294: 8289: 8285: 8281: 8280:Nicolas Werth 8275: 8268: 8262: 8255: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8237: 8230: 8226: 8225:Martin D'Arcy 8221: 8214: 8212: 8205: 8199: 8192: 8188: 8184: 8179: 8172: 8169:Cf., Wetter, 8166: 8159: 8153: 8146: 8142: 8138: 8134: 8128: 8121: 8115: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8092: 8088: 8084: 8079: 8072: 8068: 8064: 8059: 8052: 8046: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8020: 8013: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7992: 7986: 7979: 7973: 7966: 7960: 7953: 7949: 7943: 7936: 7932: 7926: 7919: 7915: 7914:James Hillman 7911: 7907: 7906:Gopi Krishnan 7901: 7894: 7891: 7885: 7878: 7872: 7865: 7861: 7857: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7841: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7812: 7811:Integral Yoga 7808: 7803: 7796: 7795: 7789: 7783: 7776: 7770: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7753: 7747: 7740: 7734: 7727: 7721: 7714: 7713: 7708: 7707:Henri Bergson 7704: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7666: 7659: 7656:Peter Heehs, 7653: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7633: 7626: 7622: 7616: 7609: 7603: 7596: 7595: 7590: 7584: 7577: 7571: 7564: 7563: 7556: 7549: 7545: 7539: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7523:Radhakrishnan 7518: 7511: 7505: 7498: 7493: 7486: 7480: 7474:, pp. 33–245. 7473: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7448: 7445: 7438: 7432: 7425: 7419: 7412: 7406: 7399: 7393: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7373: 7366: 7360: 7352: 7348: 7343: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7322: 7313: 7306: 7300: 7293: 7288: 7281: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7260: 7254: 7247: 7243: 7240:Cf. Zaehner, 7237: 7230: 7226: 7225:Bhagavad Gita 7222: 7218: 7214: 7208: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7184: 7178: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7159: 7153: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7128: 7121: 7115: 7108: 7102: 7095: 7090: 7083: 7077: 7070: 7064: 7057: 7051: 7044: 7038: 7031: 7025: 7018: 7012: 7005: 6999: 6992: 6986: 6977: 6968: 6959: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6938: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6910: 6907:found in the 6906: 6902: 6898: 6892: 6885: 6879: 6870: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6849: 6842: 6836: 6829: 6823: 6816: 6812: 6808: 6802: 6795: 6794:Visistadvaita 6791: 6787: 6783: 6777: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6754: 6748: 6739: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6703: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6687:Supreme Bliss 6684: 6680: 6679:Light on Yoga 6674: 6667: 6663: 6657: 6648: 6641: 6637: 6636: 6635:Light on Yoga 6631: 6626: 6619: 6613: 6606: 6600: 6591: 6584: 6578: 6570: 6566: 6560: 6553: 6547: 6540: 6539:Kuvalayananda 6536: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6400: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6342: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6320:Mircea Eliade 6316: 6309: 6303: 6296: 6290: 6281: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6267: 6260: 6253: 6247: 6240: 6234: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6196: 6189: 6188:thou art that 6185: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6162: 6155: 6149: 6142: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6131: 6124: 6117: 6111: 6104: 6098: 6091: 6085: 6078: 6072: 6065: 6059: 6052: 6048: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6027: 6020: 6014: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5992: 5986: 5979: 5973: 5966: 5960: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5932: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5862: 5858: 5853: 5846: 5840: 5834:(1972), p.93. 5833: 5827: 5820: 5814: 5807: 5801: 5795:(1960), p.19. 5794: 5788: 5781: 5775: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5749: 5742: 5736: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5696: 5691: 5682: 5675: 5669: 5662: 5656: 5649: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5626: 5620: 5613: 5607: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5576: 5575: 5570: 5564: 5557: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5539: 5535: 5530: 5523: 5517: 5510: 5506: 5500: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5465: 5459: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5435: 5429: 5422: 5419:Fiona Bowie, 5416: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5332: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5263: 5262: 5255: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5234: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5194:individuation 5191: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5169: 5162: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5143: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5124: 5119: 5112: 5106: 5099: 5093: 5086: 5080: 5073: 5067: 5060: 5054: 5047: 5043: 5037: 5030: 5024: 5017: 5016:Song of Songs 5013: 5009: 5003: 4996: 4990: 4983: 4982:Sigmund Freud 4979: 4975: 4970: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4946: 4942: 4939:(1836-1886), 4938: 4932: 4923: 4914: 4907: 4901: 4894: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4854: 4845: 4838: 4832: 4823: 4816: 4810: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4773: 4766: 4760: 4753: 4747: 4740: 4736: 4730: 4724:(1964), p.22. 4723: 4717: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4697:Asin Palacios 4692: 4683: 4676: 4670: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4643: 4637: 4630: 4624: 4617: 4611: 4604: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4578: 4574: 4573:Humpty-Dumpty 4568: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4532: 4526: 4517: 4508: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4488: 4481: 4477: 4473: 4467: 4460: 4459:Nostra Aetate 4456: 4450: 4441: 4434: 4428: 4421: 4417: 4411: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4390: 4381: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4357: 4351: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4296: 4290: 4280: 4274:(1953; 1970). 4273: 4267: 4258: 4249: 4240: 4234:(1959, 1988). 4233: 4227: 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4148: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4102: 4095: 4089: 4082: 4078: 4072: 4065: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4021: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3980: 3973: 3967: 3960: 3954: 3947: 3941: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3916: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3892: 3886: 3879: 3875: 3869: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3843: 3834: 3827: 3821: 3814: 3808: 3801: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3778: 3771: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3745: 3739: 3732: 3728: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3689: 3683: 3676: 3671: 3664: 3658: 3651: 3647: 3641: 3631: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3600: 3591: 3584: 3578: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3549: 3543: 3536: 3530: 3521: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3505:Radhakrishnan 3500: 3493: 3487: 3480: 3474: 3467: 3461: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3434: 3429: 3423:(1970), p. 8. 3422: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3394: 3385: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3356: 3350: 3343: 3337: 3330: 3324: 3317: 3313: 3308: 3299: 3292: 3286: 3279: 3273: 3266: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3200: 3194: 3187: 3185: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3164:Ann Lambton, 3161: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3141: 3134: 3129: 3122: 3120: 3113: 3106: 3105: 3099: 3094: 3087: 3083: 3078: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3051: 3045: 3038: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3007: 3000: 2997:R.C.Zaehner, 2994: 2987: 2981: 2974: 2970: 2966: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2939: 2930: 2926: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2863: 2860:, nor... the 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2828:Catholic Mass 2825: 2821: 2818: 2817: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2792: 2786: 2784: 2779: 2777: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2721:the 1971 film 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2690:Answer to Job 2686: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2668: 2664: 2659: 2658:Timothy Leary 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2643: 2638: 2631: 2626: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2611:Timothy Leary 2608: 2603: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2550: 2548: 2547:Sri Aurobindo 2544: 2540: 2534: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2450:Aldous Huxley 2447: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2414:class warfare 2411: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2393: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2313: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2227: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2211: 2209: 2204: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2185: 2181: 2180:Integral Yoga 2176: 2174: 2170: 2164: 2162: 2161:Integral Yoga 2156: 2154: 2153:Bhagavad-Gita 2150: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2078:Sri Aurobindo 2075: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2021: 2020:Bhagavad Gita 2015: 2013: 2012:Bhagavad Gita 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902:warrior caste 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1799:Hindu studies 1796: 1794: 1792: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1739:Chan Buddhism 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1573:(modes), the 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1539: 1537: 1536:self-referent 1533: 1529: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1506: 1505:Marcel Proust 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:William James 1489: 1487: 1483: 1480:he had taken 1479: 1478:Aldous Huxley 1475: 1474:pan-en-hen-ic 1471: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1418: 1415: 1411: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1400: 1396: 1386: 1384: 1378: 1377:(1239-1381). 1376: 1371: 1367: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1300:Houston Smith 1297: 1293: 1292:Aldous Huxley 1289: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1275:Richard Bucke 1271: 1269: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1240: 1236: 1235:Bhagavad Gita 1232: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1192: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1150:, and of the 1149: 1145: 1141: 1134: 1129: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1083:Aldous Huxley 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1053: 1050: 1041: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1026: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 968:Thomas Merton 965: 957: 952: 950: 946: 945:Old Testament 941: 939: 935: 931: 926: 924: 917: 912: 908: 906: 905:Nostra aetate 902: 895: 893: 887: 885: 881: 880:enlightenment 871: 869: 865: 855: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 823: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792: 787: 782: 780: 776: 775: 770: 769: 764: 760: 756: 752: 751: 746: 742: 741: 736: 732: 731:Indo-Iranians 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 697: 693: 689: 685: 678: 673: 671: 666: 665:Pahlavi books 662: 658: 652: 647: 644: 640: 636: 631: 629: 626:and the evil 625: 621: 617: 616: 611: 610: 605: 601: 597: 596:Spenta Mainyu 593: 589: 588: 583: 582: 581:Spenta Mainyu 577: 576: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 546: 541: 537: 530: 515: 511: 508: 503: 501: 497: 492: 490: 486: 481: 479: 474: 465: 463: 458: 454: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 430: 428: 423: 419: 414: 412: 408: 404: 400: 395: 393: 389: 385: 384:Christ Church 381: 371: 362: 359: 353: 351: 347: 346: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 314: 309: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 281:Abadan Crisis 278: 273: 271: 270: 265: 264: 263:New Statesman 259: 255: 251: 250:Nancy Lambton 247: 243: 239: 235: 231: 225: 222: 216: 214: 210: 206: 202: 192: 190: 186: 182: 179:poet of Iran 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 153: 151: 149: 143: 139: 138:Harold Bailey 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 99: 84: 82: 78: 77:Bhagavad-Gita 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 34: 30: 19: 10850: 10839: 10828: 10817: 10805: 10797: 10785: 10777: 10771: 10754: 10744: 10737: 10728: 10709: 10705: 10694: 10684: 10675: 10651: 10641: 10631: 10624: 10621:K. D. Sethna 10614: 10607: 10603: 10597:Gregory Baum 10592: 10585: 10578: 10567: 10553: 10544: 10527: 10521: 10515: 10509: 10502: 10495: 10477: 10468: 10458: 10443: 10436: 10429: 10422: 10415: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10372: 10366: 10358: 10352: 10346: 10340: 10332: 10322: 10314: 10308: 10302: 10294: 10288: 10281:L'hindouisme 10280: 10274: 10268: 10262: 10254: 10248: 10242: 10234: 10228: 10222: 10214: 10208: 10202: 10196: 10188: 10182: 10176: 10170: 10166: 10156:Bibliography 10146: 10142: 10136: 10131: 10123: 10118: 10098: 10089: 10065: 10060: 10052: 10047: 10039: 10034: 10018: 10010: 10005: 9989: 9984: 9976: 9968: 9963: 9955: 9950: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9925: 9921: 9917: 9909: 9901: 9896: 9884: 9879: 9871: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9856:C. G. Jung, 9852: 9844: 9839: 9831: 9826: 9818: 9813: 9804: 9796: 9791: 9779: 9774: 9765: 9757: 9753: 9740: 9732: 9727: 9719: 9715: 9710: 9702: 9697: 9687: 9682: 9674: 9669: 9661: 9656: 9644: 9639: 9631: 9627: 9619: 9611: 9606: 9598: 9593: 9585: 9580: 9572: 9567: 9559: 9555: 9550: 9542: 9537: 9529: 9524: 9516: 9512: 9507: 9495: 9490: 9471: 9466: 9458: 9453: 9445: 9440: 9432: 9428: 9423: 9412: 9407: 9399: 9395: 9390: 9382: 9377: 9365: 9360: 9351: 9343: 9338: 9330: 9325: 9317: 9308: 9292: 9288:Tao Te Ching 9286: 9281: 9269: 9264: 9256: 9251: 9242: 9236: 9231: 9226: 9218: 9213: 9205: 9200: 9192: 9188: 9183: 9175: 9170: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9146: 9138: 9134: 9130: 9121: 9113: 9108: 9071: 9059: 9054: 9046: 9041: 9033: 9028: 9020: 9015: 9007: 9002: 8989: 8983: 8975: 8971: 8966: 8958: 8954: 8945: 8937: 8932: 8924: 8919: 8911: 8906: 8898: 8893: 8885: 8880: 8871: 8863: 8859: 8854: 8846: 8841: 8833: 8829: 8821: 8805: 8797: 8793: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8774: 8756: 8747: 8726: 8718: 8713: 8705: 8700: 8690: 8687:Encyclopedia 8686: 8682: 8677: 8669: 8663: 8655: 8647: 8639: 8634: 8620: 8615: 8606: 8594: 8589: 8581: 8576: 8568: 8563: 8553: 8548: 8540: 8535: 8526: 8517: 8509: 8504: 8496: 8488: 8481:Encyclopedia 8480: 8475: 8467:Walter Dirks 8462: 8457: 8449: 8444: 8436: 8431: 8423: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8404: 8402: 8397: 8393: 8388: 8379: 8367: 8362: 8354: 8349: 8335: 8330: 8322: 8317: 8309: 8301: 8291: 8287: 8274: 8266: 8261: 8253: 8244: 8236: 8228: 8220: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8170: 8165: 8157: 8152: 8144: 8137:Reappraisals 8136: 8127: 8119: 8114: 8106: 8103:Leon Trotsky 8098: 8086: 8078: 8066: 8058: 8050: 8045: 8037: 8032: 8024: 8019: 7998: 7990: 7985: 7977: 7972: 7964: 7959: 7951: 7942: 7930: 7925: 7909: 7900: 7893: 7889: 7884: 7876: 7871: 7859: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7827: 7823: 7818: 7810: 7802: 7791: 7782: 7774: 7769: 7760: 7751: 7746: 7738: 7733: 7725: 7720: 7712:Mother India 7711: 7702: 7698: 7695:K. D. Sethna 7690: 7675:Sankhya Yoga 7670: 7665: 7657: 7652: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7615: 7607: 7602: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7575: 7570: 7560: 7555: 7547: 7543: 7538: 7530: 7526: 7522: 7517: 7509: 7504: 7496: 7492: 7484: 7479: 7471: 7466: 7458: 7454: 7443: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7423: 7418: 7410: 7405: 7397: 7392: 7376: 7372: 7364: 7363:Van Nooten, 7359: 7342: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7312: 7304: 7299: 7291: 7287: 7275: 7271: 7266: 7258: 7253: 7245: 7241: 7236: 7224: 7220: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7199: 7195: 7190: 7182: 7177: 7169: 7168:). Zaehner, 7165: 7161: 7157: 7152: 7132: 7127: 7119: 7114: 7106: 7101: 7089: 7081: 7076: 7063: 7055: 7050: 7042: 7037: 7029: 7024: 7016: 7011: 7003: 6998: 6985: 6976: 6967: 6958: 6951:Tat tvam asi 6950: 6947:saccidananda 6946: 6942: 6937: 6925: 6921: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6896: 6891: 6883: 6878: 6869: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6848: 6840: 6835: 6827: 6822: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6801: 6776: 6768: 6760: 6752: 6747: 6738: 6730: 6725: 6715: 6707: 6702: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6673: 6665: 6656: 6647: 6639: 6633: 6625: 6617: 6612: 6604: 6599: 6590: 6582: 6577: 6568: 6564: 6559: 6551: 6546: 6530: 6522: 6517:re Samkhya). 6514: 6510: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6480: 6476: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6435: 6421: 6414: 6406: 6398: 6394: 6382: 6378: 6357: 6348: 6323: 6315: 6307: 6302: 6294: 6289: 6280: 6270: 6264: 6259: 6251: 6246: 6238: 6233: 6226:satcitananda 6221: 6216: 6204: 6195: 6187: 6184:Tat Tvam Asi 6179: 6174: 6166: 6161: 6153: 6148: 6140: 6134: 6128: 6123: 6115: 6110: 6102: 6097: 6089: 6084: 6076: 6071: 6063: 6058: 6051:Aniela Jaffé 6044: 6039: 6031: 6026: 6018: 6013: 6003: 5998: 5990: 5985: 5977: 5972: 5964: 5959: 5949: 5944: 5936: 5931: 5922: 5913: 5904: 5895: 5886: 5877: 5868: 5860: 5852: 5844: 5839: 5831: 5826: 5818: 5813: 5808:(1969), p.2. 5805: 5800: 5792: 5787: 5779: 5774: 5766: 5761: 5753: 5748: 5740: 5735: 5707: 5702: 5690: 5681: 5673: 5668: 5660: 5655: 5646: 5641: 5632: 5624: 5619: 5611: 5606: 5598: 5590: 5582: 5572: 5563: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5516: 5508: 5499: 5487: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5463: 5458: 5446: 5441: 5433: 5428: 5420: 5415: 5403: 5398: 5390: 5384: 5383:C. G. Jung, 5379: 5372:hieros gamos 5367: 5361: 5360:C. G. Jung, 5356: 5336: 5331: 5307: 5299: 5291: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5259: 5254: 5247:hieros gamos 5246: 5238: 5233: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5189: 5185: 5182:contrasexual 5177: 5168: 5158: 5154: 5152: 5142: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5105: 5097: 5092: 5084: 5079: 5066: 5058: 5053: 5046:Jakob Boehme 5041: 5036: 5028: 5023: 5011: 5007: 5002: 4994: 4989: 4977: 4969: 4962:reductionism 4957: 4952: 4931: 4922: 4913: 4905: 4900: 4892: 4887: 4879: 4874: 4867:Jacob Behmen 4858: 4853: 4844: 4836: 4831: 4822: 4814: 4809: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4784: 4780: 4772: 4765:Martin Buber 4759: 4751: 4746: 4738: 4729: 4722:Christianity 4721: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4675:Christianity 4674: 4669: 4649: 4642:Christianity 4641: 4636: 4628: 4623: 4616:Christianity 4615: 4610: 4603:Christianity 4602: 4597: 4589: 4584: 4567: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4530: 4525: 4516: 4507: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4466: 4458: 4454: 4449: 4440: 4432: 4427: 4415: 4410: 4394: 4389: 4380: 4368: 4363: 4355: 4350: 4294: 4289: 4279: 4271: 4266: 4257: 4248: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4217: 4208: 4199: 4190: 4181: 4173: 4168: 4152: 4147: 4139: 4134: 4114: 4110: 4107:Ancient Iran 4106: 4101: 4093: 4088: 4080: 4071: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4046:and Avestan 4043: 4039: 4032: 4025: 4020: 4008: 4004: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3979: 3971: 3966: 3958: 3953: 3945: 3940: 3932: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3907: 3902: 3894: 3890: 3885: 3873: 3868: 3860: 3856: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3825: 3820: 3812: 3807: 3799: 3794: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3769: 3768:Mary Boyce, 3764: 3756: 3751: 3743: 3738: 3730: 3726: 3712: 3700: 3695: 3687: 3682: 3675:Gregory Baum 3670: 3662: 3657: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3630: 3621: 3613: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3582: 3577: 3568: 3560: 3555: 3547: 3546:Cf. Kripal, 3542: 3534: 3529: 3520: 3512: 3504: 3499: 3491: 3486: 3478: 3473: 3465: 3460: 3452: 3444: 3436: 3428: 3420: 3415: 3407: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3367: 3362: 3354: 3349: 3341: 3336: 3328: 3323: 3315: 3312:Peter Wright 3307: 3298: 3290: 3285: 3277: 3272: 3264: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3219: 3211: 3206: 3198: 3193: 3182: 3173: 3165: 3160: 3148: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3117: 3112: 3101: 3093: 3085: 3077: 3069: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3036: 3018: 3012:Indo-Iranian 3006: 2998: 2993: 2985: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2952: 2947: 2938: 2929: 2882: 2814: 2780: 2773: 2763: 2744:Way of Truth 2743: 2729: 2701: 2696: 2689: 2687: 2671: 2663:Krishnamurti 2647: 2642:The Listener 2641: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2604: 2595: 2566: 2565:(1974), and 2562: 2558: 2556: 2536: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2514:original sin 2499: 2495:social norms 2491:anthropology 2484: 2476: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2458: 2438:evolutionary 2435: 2407: 2398:Au contraire 2397: 2396: 2391: 2384: 2361: 2324: 2319: 2293: 2285: 2278: 2250: 2248:questioned. 2245:Soviet party 2238: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2200: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2166: 2160: 2158: 2146: 2131: 2100: 2083: 2081: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2024: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2004:Atharva-Veda 1995: 1993: 1990:Translations 1964: 1959: 1949: 1941: 1926:Yudhishthira 1923: 1920:Yudhishthira 1885: 1883: 1874: 1866: 1863:Yudhishthira 1854: 1852: 1847: 1825: 1820: 1813: 1804: 1802: 1788: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1763: 1753: 1750:Au contraire 1749: 1745: 1743: 1720: 1707: 1704:Tat Tvam Asi 1699: 1685: 1676: 1672: 1666: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1634: 1626: 1620: 1616:Au contraire 1615: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1590: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1566: 1545: 1525: 1519:, The Hindu 1501:Martin Buber 1490: 1485: 1465: 1463: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1435: 1392: 1379: 1363: 1359: 1351: 1331: 1317: 1313: 1285: 1278: 1272: 1265: 1244: 1206: 1181: 1159: 1137: 1132: 1123: 1115: 1111: 1101: 1086: 1076: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1047: 1038: 1033: 1027: 1015: 1004: 1000:Martin Buber 960: 955: 942: 934:Rudolph Otto 927: 922: 920: 915: 909: 897: 889: 877: 867: 866:(1970), and 863: 861: 851: 850:(1963); and 847: 843: 839: 838:(1958), aka 835: 831: 829: 819: 815: 799: 789: 785: 783: 778: 772: 766: 763:Au contraire 762: 758: 748: 738: 722: 718: 710: 707:polytheistic 701: 683: 681: 676: 656: 655: 650: 642: 638: 634: 632: 628:Angra Mainyu 627: 623: 619: 613: 607: 604:Angra Mainyu 603: 599: 595: 591: 587:Angra Mainyu 585: 579: 573: 567: 543: 533: 528: 518:His writings 512: 504: 499: 493: 482: 475: 471: 461: 450: 441: 433: 431: 421: 415: 396: 392:philological 387: 377: 368: 354: 343: 340:World War II 324:Soviet Union 320:Peter Wright 310: 305:nationalised 274: 267: 261: 227: 218: 213:Peter Wright 201:World War II 198: 154: 145: 95: 55:. Appointed 40: 39: 29: 10872:1974 deaths 10867:1913 births 10845:Anonymous, 10812:Anonymous, 10138:Metaphysics 10135:Aristotle, 9874:at 222-223. 9784:Sharon Tate 9479:non-dualism 9476:Neo-Vedanta 9091:started by 9079:started by 8796:pp. 4, 34; 8396:(1844), in 8091:proletariat 7860:vijnanamaya 7788:Akash Kapur 7385:Hastinapura 7347:Book of Job 7335:kshatriya's 7331:Book of Job 7194:Chapters 3 7158:Mahabharata 7105:Parrinder. 6717:Mahabharata 6695:Bhakti yoga 6483:(108, 126). 6397:. Zaehner, 6361:(, reprint 6353:Vivekananda 6336:Yoga Sutras 6133:(1873) and 6043:Carl Jung, 5453:, and sex). 5402:Underhill, 5324:unprojected 5218:unconscious 5172:Cf., e.g., 4937:Ramakrishna 4656:17:26-28, ( 4535:Constantine 4323:Kierkegaard 4151:Cf. Boyce, 4105:Wiesehöfer, 3991:, Indra as 3970:See above: 3559:Fernandes, 3503:Cf. Gopal, 3224:Robert Fisk 3015:philologist 2854:Inquisition 2770:mythopoetic 2478:Omega Point 2475:collective 2422:proletariat 2325:materialist 2287:ex cathedra 2138:non-dualist 2119:Pondicherry 2067:Mahabharata 2026:Mahabharata 1956:Dhrtarastra 1930:Mahabharata 1875:Mahabharata 1867:dharma raja 1848:Mahabharata 1840:Mahabharata 1215:or (ii) of 1208:Yoga Sutras 1170:Upanishadic 1166:sacrificial 1030:Reformation 930:E. O. James 624:Ahura Mazda 600:Ahura Mazda 592:Ahura Mazda 575:Ahura Mazda 551:theological 334:during the 295:, then the 148:Zoroastrian 136:, with Sir 92:Early years 49:Zoroastrian 10861:Categories 10674:, editor, 10457:(editor), 10275:L'Induismo 9914:Mary Boyce 9660:Zaehner, 9628:The Family 9624:Ed Sanders 8740:antinomies 8717:Yakovlev, 8286:, et al., 7835:" (p.212). 7822:Naravane, 7472:Upanishads 6909:Upanishads 6714:73-76; in 6432:Hatha Yoga 5752:Dasgupta, 5722:, and the 5638:Ruysbroeck 5072:patriarchy 4863:John Yepes 4502:sacrifice. 4492:Mary Boyce 4433:Comparison 4420:absolutest 4369:Comparison 4121:, rise of 3718:Mary Boyce 3705:Ardaxsir I 3368:Spycatcher 3316:Spycatcher 3119:Spycatcher 3098:Nigel West 2953:Spycatcher 2839:Manichaean 2833:The whole 2804:God within 2798:'s God of 2789:Quotations 2775:Upanishads 2762:, akin to 2740:Parmenides 2736:Heraclitus 2675:Upanishads 2493:of modern 2469:eons hence 2418:bourgeoise 2408:About the 2337:dialectics 2303:or merely 2284:pronounce 2271:involving 2223:ecumenical 2219:syncretism 2184:Purna Yoga 2008:Upanishads 1890:Kuruksetra 1844:heroic age 1700:Upanishads 1521:Upanishads 1449:four types 1416:-Yogin, or 1335:C. G. Jung 1252:Al-Ghazali 1178:Buddhistic 1160:Following 1125:Upanishads 988:Al-Ghazali 964:Upanishads 938:al-Ghazali 901:Vatican II 747:) and the 350:Oxford don 345:Spycatcher 338:following 289:Sun Throne 277:Counsellor 185:Upanishads 175:, and the 146:Zurvan, a 124:including 10478:Memorial 10122:Zaehner, 10107:pluralist 10103:Hans Kung 10078:Confucian 10051:Zaehner, 10009:Zaehner, 9954:Zaehner, 9922:Teachings 9883:Zaehner, 9817:Zaehner, 9795:Zaehner, 9714:Zaehner, 9673:Zaehner, 9643:Zaehner, 9610:Zaehner, 9597:Zaehner, 9571:Zaehner, 9541:Zaehner, 9502:, p. 115. 9494:Zaehner, 9470:Zaehner, 9444:Zaehner, 9329:Zaehner, 9268:Zaehner, 9230:Zaehner, 9217:Zaehner, 9204:Zaehner, 9187:Zaehner, 9174:Zaehner, 9139:Mysticism 9127:Carl Jung 9112:Zaehner, 9045:Zaehner, 9019:Zaehner, 9006:Zaehner, 8951:Carl Jung 8936:Zaehner, 8923:Zaehner, 8910:Zaehner, 8884:Zaehner, 8845:Zaehner, 8763:Gallimard 8704:Marcuse, 8681:Zaehner, 8593:Zaehner, 8558:(; 1925). 8539:Zaehner, 8508:Zaehner, 8415:into the 8353:Zaehner, 8321:Marcuse, 8265:Zaehner, 8202:Marcuse, 8133:Tony Judt 8118:Marcuse, 8036:Zaehner, 7989:Zaehner, 7963:Zaehner, 7918:Kundalini 7794:Auroville 7773:Zaehner, 7750:Zaehner, 7669:Zaehner, 7508:Zaehner, 7483:Reardon, 7444:kshatriya 7435:Zaehner, 7409:Zaehner, 7396:Zaehner, 7325:Zaehner, 7303:Zaehner, 7270:Zaehner, 7211:Zaehner, 7166:kshatriya 7041:Zaehner, 7015:Zaehner, 7002:Zaehner, 6920:Zaehner, 6882:Zaehner, 6852:Zaehner, 6805:Zaehner, 6729:Zaehner, 6683:Paramatma 6677:Iyengar, 6640:Paramatma 6616:Zaehner, 6603:Zaehner, 6581:Zaehner, 6563:Zaehner, 6492:Zaehner, 6447:Zaehner, 6416:Yoga Body 6383:Note Bene 6367:Raja-Yoga 6358:Raja Yoga 6332:Patanjali 6306:Zaehner, 6293:Zaehner, 6250:Zaehner, 6220:Zaehner, 6178:Zaehenr, 6165:Zaehner, 6152:Zaehner, 6114:Zaehner, 6101:Zaehner, 6075:Zaehner, 6062:Zaehner, 6030:Zaehner, 6017:Zaehner, 5989:Zaehner, 5976:Zaehner, 5963:Zaehner, 5935:Zaehner, 5843:Zaehner, 5830:Zaehner, 5817:Zaehner, 5804:Zaehner, 5791:Zaehner, 5778:Zaehner, 5765:Zaehner, 5720:Symposium 5706:Zaehner, 5672:Zaehner, 5623:Zaehner, 5601:(c.1340). 5595:the groom 5462:Zaehner, 5445:Zaehner, 5404:Mysticism 5335:Dourley, 5273:Zaehner, 5210:god image 5202:archetype 5127:Mysticism 5109:Zaehner, 5083:Zaehner, 5057:Zaehner, 5012:religious 5006:Zaehner, 4993:Zaehner, 4956:Zaehner, 4941:Carl Jung 4904:Zaehner, 4891:Zaehner, 4878:Zaehner, 4813:Zaehner, 4796:Zaehner, 4750:Zaehner, 4720:Zaehner, 4673:Zaehner, 4662:Areopagus 4640:Zaehner, 4601:Zaehner, 4529:Zaehner, 4453:Zaehner, 4431:Zaehner, 4414:Zaehner, 4354:Zaehner, 4345:'s), etc. 4327:Nietzsche 4303:Descartes 4299:Aristotle 4270:Zaehner, 4138:Zaehner, 4123:Mithraism 4050:(p. 23); 3983:Zaehner, 3957:Zaehner, 3878:Alexander 3872:Zaehner, 3855:Zaehner, 3824:Zaehner, 3798:Zaehner, 3755:Zaehner, 3742:Zaehner, 3686:Zaehner, 3661:Zaehner, 3533:Zaehner, 3419:Zaehner, 3406:Zaehner, 3327:Zaehner, 3249:Komeinism 3048:Lambton, 3037:Biography 2879:Aristotle 2856:, or the 2756:stagirite 2732:Aristotle 2609:advocate 2446:mescaline 2444:, and on 2341:espionage 2329:Karl Marx 2269:dialectic 2261:scientism 2241:Communism 2149:evolution 2142:Darwinism 1980:kshatriya 1943:kshatriya 1649:dualistic 1641:Paramatma 1497:Carl Jung 1470:pantheism 1441:Nota bene 1319:Abrahamic 1304:purgation 1268:mysticism 1213:Patanjali 1079:mescaline 1070:chair at 1007:Pope John 820:Frashkart 812:Saoshyans 703:Zoroaster 661:Shapur II 570:Zoroaster 540:philology 478:Gauloises 407:President 98:Sevenoaks 10697:S.O.A.S. 10661:Articles 10263:Hinduism 10111:dialogue 10074:Buddhist 10025:7:3, re 9554:Sethna, 9370:mescalin 9161:(1971); 9157:(1970), 9153:(1963), 8761:(Paris: 8470:quotes). 8405:illusory 8366:Wetter, 7976:Newell, 7875:Sethna, 7828:creative 7411:Hinduism 7292:Hinduism 7272:Hinduism 7219:(p.59), 7213:Hinduism 7198:, and 5 7170:Hinduism 7118:Pripal, 6790:Ramanuja 6720:146-149. 6691:his yoga 6618:Hinduism 6572:Vedanta. 6511:prakriti 6481:ahamkara 6477:the body 6453:prakriti 6330:(p.11). 6328:darsanas 5716:Phaedrus 5644:(1359): 5341:Beguines 5320:celibacy 5216:for the 4658:St. Paul 4343:Durkheim 4127:Parthian 4119:pantheon 4115:Twilight 4113:and the 4042:, Vedic 4005:Rig Veda 4003:), 132 ( 3974:section. 3929:Rig Veda 3722:Parthian 3635:regions. 3612:Newell, 3581:Kripal, 3366:Wright, 3231:Archived 3179:Luristan 2890:See also 2862:Crusades 2561:(1972), 2531:rational 2380:ideology 2309:Leninist 2251:For the 2147:creative 2103:classics 2059:Ramanuja 2037:brother 2000:Rig-Veda 1967:Draupadi 1886:Hinduism 1855:Hinduism 1836:Hinduism 1828:Sanskrit 1821:Hinduism 1805:Hinduism 1766:Ramanuja 1746:numinous 1735:Ramanuja 1677:Presence 1657:theistic 1653:monistic 1636:Sanskrit 1587:ahamkara 1583:the body 1567:immortal 1482:mescalin 1399:Dasgupta 1370:sex talk 1239:Ramanuja 1200:monistic 1196:theistic 1068:Spalding 1011:Gamaliel 992:St. Paul 947:and the 870:(1974). 854:(1970). 842:(1962); 696:pastoral 438:mescalin 318:officer 157:Sanskrit 65:Hinduism 10757:(1981). 10718:4300520 10608:website 10444:Jubilee 10105:. 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Knowledge

Robert Charles Zaehner

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