534:
557:
with their golden seals, rode about the province making exaction and treating the people in a shameful way. They put up at private houses, drove out their masters, debauched their wives, and did pretty much as they wished. The fear of offending the
Mongols and the Lamas prevented the Khan from doing anything effectual at first. Finally, he forbade the
509:
officials from the steppe constituted the majority of posts in the Yuan government during this period. Kumeijil and Tas Temur served as grand councillars of the right; Dawlat Shah served as the manager of the governmental affairs of the
Central Secretariat (中書省), then as censor in chief, and finally
556:
During his reign Yesün Temür Khan divided the empire into eighteen departments controlled by a board called "the Lords of the
Provinces"; it had formerly been divided into twelve units. Reports were presented on the condition of the Yuan provinces were full of complaints about the Lamas who, armed
435:
Yesün Temür was not merely the principal beneficiary of the conspiracy but was also very likely a participant. It is said that his administrator Dawlat Shah had established close contact with the conspirators. After receiving the imperial seal sent by the conspirators, he ascended to the throne on
444:
on
October 4, 1323. Esen Temur was made the grand councilor of the right, and Tegshi the manager of the Bureau of Military Affairs. Upon learning that he would incur suspicion as a party to the murders, he suddenly reversed his policy and ordered Tegshi, Esen Temur, and others to be put to death.
513:
In addition to Dawlat Shah, there were two
Muslims, Ubaidullah and Bayanchar, who served as managers of governmental affairs in the Secretariat. Mahumud Shah and Hasan Khoja managed the Bureau of Military Affairs. In contrast with the Muslims, Han officials exerted little influence on the
970:
Kao Weng te argued that he was born in 1276. But Yesün Temür is said to have been born in residence of the prince of Chin, Gammala who was appointed only in 1292. Moreover, Yesün Temür Khan referred
Khayisan (b. 1281) and Ayurbarwada (b. 1286) as elder
408:, Yesün Temür, who had a large fief and powerful army in the Mongolian steppe, became one of the princes most respected by the court and emerged as the undisputed leader of the princes in the steppe.
541:
Yesün Temür Khan denounced the extravagance of the court in buying costly precious stones, imported by foreign merchants, and sold for ten times their value, while the poor were starving. In 1326,
1710:
445:
Under the leadership of Chang Kuei, the late Khagan's officials sent a letter to Yesün Temür urging him to accept the throne and to punish the conspirators. He sent troops to
464:
Chinese officials repeatedly urged Yesün Temür to extend the purge to all former allies of
Temuder and Tegshi and their families, but Yesün Temür Khan refused. He issued an
453:
and had rebellious officers executed before he entered Dadu because he feared becoming their puppet. The five princes who had been involved were exiled to
1186:
381:, and their sons and grandson, so Gammala and his son Yesün Temür were out of the race. As Jinong, Gammala ruled the Mongolian steppe north of the
1674:
432:, Yesün Temür caused Tegshi's envoy Walus to be seized and sent notice of the plot to Shidebala Khan, but the messengers arrived too late.
1706:
493:
As a ruler who had seized the throne by intrigue and violence, Yesün Temür tried to win the widest possible support. To secure support as
961:
Herbert Franke, Denis
Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, p. 535.
1729:
421:
1388:
514:
administration. The high point of the Mongol partner-merchants' operations came under Yesün Temür, whose administration exempted
1739:
1179:
980:
Henry Hoyle
Howorth-History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 1 the Mongols proper and the Kalmuks, p. 302.
1734:
1690:
1662:
1658:
1397:
1150:
918:
1650:
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1172:
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1355:
283:
17:
1686:
1130:
311:
55:
1554:
1350:
1381:
1510:
1330:
947:
B. Shirėndėv, Sh
Luvsanvandan, A. Luvsandėndėv – Olon Ulsyn Mongolch Ėrdėmtniĭ III Ikh Khural, p. 347.
585:
468:
decree, and the confiscated properties of the executed conspirators were returned to their families.
390:
424:
and Esen Temur, the rebellious group welcomed Yesün Temür since his mother was Buyan Kelmish of the
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1490:
1310:
441:
354:
1630:
928:
589:
1702:
1698:
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1634:
1374:
510:
as grand councillary of the left; and Andachu, the manager of the Bureau of Military Affairs.
373:, 晉王) in 1292 after Zhenjin's death, but he lost the race for successor to his younger brother
1666:
1642:
1626:
1515:
1335:
923:
74:
65:
1754:
1749:
314:. In Chinese historiography, Yesün Temür, who was very fond of the traditional ways of the
8:
342:
523:
374:
335:
275:
1238:
1070:
Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century, p. 303.
533:
1612:
1594:
1590:
1458:
1154:
1058:
494:
331:
323:
299:
60:
1520:
1485:
1440:
1340:
1305:
1251:
429:
195:
154:
1549:
1525:
1345:
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to Yesün Temür Khan who responded with grants of gold, silver, cash, and silks.
1366:
1445:
1435:
1270:
1232:
1164:
1723:
1542:
1505:
1325:
1257:
1199:
1141:
1125:
855:
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307:
112:
50:
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1578:
1466:
1424:
1405:
1213:
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386:
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244:
144:
1279:
16:
This article is about Yuan emperor. For khan of the Chagatai Khanate, see
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1495:
1475:
1415:
1315:
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1114:
527:
417:
405:
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382:
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102:
1121:
542:
515:
397:
89:
1019:
History of the Mongols: From the 9th to the 19th Century (new edition)
580:
Babukhan when he suddenly died in Shangdu on August 15, 1328. His son
1461:
in 1260, proclamation of the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, and
879:
849:
758:
566:
498:
446:
378:
263:
1085:
831:: Buyan Kelmish (普顏怯里迷失王妃), posthumously awarded with the title of
581:
562:
425:
232:
1049:
C.P.Atwood-Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire, p. 430.
818:
624:
550:
465:
358:
315:
239:
227:
140:
1602:
1582:
1454:
1263:
1244:
1225:
1195:
584:
was installed by Dawlat Shah, but he was defeated by his rival
577:
573:
519:
506:
502:
458:
454:
366:
303:
46:
1429:
1219:
957:
955:
953:
479:"The Empire is a family of which the Emperor is the father."
393:. In 1302 Gammala died and Yesün Temür took over as Jinong.
341:
He was probably the emperor visited by the Franciscan friar
558:
950:
497:
from the Han populace, he duly showed his respect for the
501:
tradition from the beginning of his reign. Nevertheless,
522:
payments and guaranteed huge payments promised by the
420:(Emperor Yingzong) was assassinated by Grand Censor
858:(元天顺帝阿剌吉八), emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, first son
290:, 1293 – August 15, 1328) was a great-grandson of
1007:Shih-Shan Henry Tsai-Perpetual Happiness, p. 153.
1721:
1396:
572:Yesün Temür left the empire's governance to his
1194:
1031:The Cambridge History of China, vol. 6, p. 539.
1016:
345:, who left an excellent record of his travels.
1589:) already started to use the Chinese title of
1413:Early Mongol rulers posthumously honoured by
1382:
1180:
817:: Gammala (甘麻剌;1263–8 February 1302), son of
1061:-The royal hunt in Eurasian history, p. 256.
1585:(Great Khans) of the "Great Mongol State" (
1389:
1375:
1187:
1173:
310:, although it was only nominal due to the
821:, posthumously awarded with the title of
532:
989:Yu Chi-Tao yuan hsue ku lu, i8. p. 12a.
872:(撒答八剌皇后), daughter of Princess Shouning
604:Ancestors of Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)
298:of China from 1323 to 1328. Apart from
1722:
614:
361:, who was presumed heir to his father
357:in 1293 to Gammala, the eldest son of
1370:
1168:
1040:Tu-Meng wu erh shih chi, 157. p. 26a.
762:
756:
746:
734:
724:
720:
716:
706:
700:
690:
677:
667:
663:
651:
648:
638:
622:
618:
919:List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty
334:. His name means "nine iron" in the
1453:Following Kublai's enthronement as
13:
155:Empress Babukhan of Khongirad clan
14:
1766:
1469:in 1279, Yuan ruled all of China.
565:, Yesün Temür Khan neglected the
471:
377:. Khanship was assumed by Temür,
84:October 4, 1323 – August 15, 1328
1730:Great Khans of the Mongol Empire
475:
23:10th Khagan of the Mongol Empire
1142:Ragibagh Khan, Emperor Tianshun
1064:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1607:
1025:
1010:
1001:
992:
983:
974:
964:
941:
588:three months later during the
287:
279:
35:
18:Yesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)
1:
1740:14th-century Chinese monarchs
1675:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1577:announced the dynastic name "
1115:Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong
934:
561:from entering China. Besides
461:, and other distant places.
348:
302:, he is regarded as the 10th
1735:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
1398:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty
430:official history of the Yuan
411:
7:
1151:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
1081:Yesün Temür (Yuan dynasty)
912:
595:
484:Yesün Temür Khan, c. 1324,
365:. Gammala was appointed as
318:, is commonly known as the
75:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
66:Emperor of the Yuan dynasty
10:
1771:
1615:since the enthronement of
998:Yuan shi, 29. pp. 641–648.
823:Emperor Renxiaoguangsheng
567:ancient worship of the sky
15:
1745:14th-century Mongol khans
1620:
1598:
1567:
1541:
1532:
1404:
1288:
1206:
1148:
1138:
1119:
1111:
1106:
1079:
894:, second son – died young
803:
740:
722:
718:
684:
678:5. Bairam Egchi (Kokejin)
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73:
43:
28:
757:3. Buyan Kelmish of the
353:Yesün Temür was born in
929:List of rulers of China
590:War of the Two Capitals
486:The History of the Yuan
428:clan. According to the
320:Taiding Emperor of Yuan
29:Taiding Emperor of Yuan
1550:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
1526:Huizong (Emperor Shun)
1289:Yuan (Kublaid) Khagans
864:Empress Yilianzhenbala
833:Empress Xuanyishusheng
538:
312:division of the empire
294:and an emperor of the
188:Taiding (泰定) 1324–1328
1611:) practically in the
1017:Henry Hoyle Howorth.
924:List of Mongol rulers
576:aide Dawlat Shah and
536:
518:and Muslims from any
418:Shidebala Gegeen Khan
396:During the reigns of
330:) based on his first
262:Buyan Kelmish of the
103:Gegeen Khan Shidebala
1129:(Nominal due to the
537:Edict of Yesün Temür
54:(Nominal due to the
840:Consorts and issues
539:
524:Mongolian nobility
336:Mongolian language
1717:
1716:
1364:
1363:
1267:
1248:
1229:
1163:
1162:
1139:Succeeded by
1131:empire's division
1086:House of Borjigin
800:
799:
796:
795:
569:of the Mongols.
491:
490:
269:
268:
222:
221:
56:empire's division
1762:
1624:
1622:
1613:Chinese language
1609:
1600:
1560:Tianyuan Emperor
1536:
1506:Tianshun Emperor
1471:
1421:
1419:as Yuan emperors
1391:
1384:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1321:Yesün Temür Khan
1261:
1242:
1223:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1165:
1155:Emperor of China
1112:Preceded by
1102:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1062:
1059:Thomas T. Allsen
1056:
1050:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1008:
1005:
999:
996:
990:
987:
981:
978:
972:
968:
962:
959:
948:
945:
870:Empress Sadabala
846:Empress Babukhan
610:
609:
601:
600:
495:Emperor of China
476:
436:the bank of the
329:
300:Emperor of China
289:
281:
178:Yesün Temür Khan
174:
163:
162:
137:
61:Emperor of China
39:
33:
26:
25:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1761:
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1759:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1713:
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1617:Genghis Emperor
1569:
1563:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1501:Taiding Emperor
1451:
1411:
1400:
1395:
1365:
1360:
1341:Rinchinbal Khan
1284:
1239:Töregene Khatun
1202:
1193:
1158:
1153:
1144:
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1128:
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1090:
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960:
951:
946:
942:
937:
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878:(必罕皇后), of the
848:(八不罕皇后) of the
806:
801:
598:
474:
414:
391:Four Great Ordo
351:
196:Posthumous name
190:Zhihe (致和) 1328
189:
177:
175:
172:
139:
135:
134:August 15, 1328
94:October 4, 1323
63:
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53:
37:
34:
31:
30:
24:
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12:
11:
5:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1715:
1714:
1587:Ikh Mongol Uls
1568:
1565:
1564:
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1557:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1539:
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1386:
1379:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1336:Khutughtu Khan
1333:
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1308:
1303:
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1109:
1108:
1107:Regnal titles
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1024:
1021:. Cosimo, Inc.
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898:Batma Irgenbu,
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892:Yondan zhangbu
883:
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605:
599:
597:
594:
526:in return for
489:
488:
481:
480:
473:
472:Administration
470:
413:
410:
385:and enshrined
350:
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267:
266:
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185:
184:
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176:Chinese: 也孫鐵木兒
168:
167:
159:
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138:(aged 34)
132:
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1543:Northern Yuan
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1467:Southern Song
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1349:
1347:
1346:Ukhaantu Khan
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1326:Ragibagh Khan
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
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1307:
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1302:
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1260:
1259:
1258:Oghul Qaimish
1255:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:Early Khagans
1205:
1201:
1200:Mongol Empire
1197:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1126:Mongol Empire
1123:
1116:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1078:
1067:
1060:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
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967:
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920:
917:
916:
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902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
889:
887:
884:
881:
877:
876:Empress Bihan
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
857:
856:Ragibagh Khan
854:
853:
851:
847:
844:
843:
842:
841:
834:
830:
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824:
820:
816:
813:
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810:
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727:
714:
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709:
704:
698:
697:
694:
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688:
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675:
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654:
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645:
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641:
636:
635:
630:
629:
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608:
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587:
583:
579:
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560:
554:
552:
548:
544:
535:
531:
529:
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511:
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500:
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487:
483:
482:
478:
477:
469:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
443:
439:
438:Kherlen River
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:In 1323 when
409:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
339:
337:
333:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:Mongol Empire
305:
301:
297:
293:
285:
278:: Есөн Төмөр
277:
273:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:
243:
241:
237:
234:
231:
229:
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218:
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211:
207:
204:
200:
197:
193:
186:
181:
169:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
146:
142:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:Ragibagh Khan
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
93:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
67:
62:
57:
52:
51:Mongol Empire
48:
42:
27:
19:
1663:N. Dynasties
1659:S. Dynasties
1606:
1586:
1570:
1500:
1452:
1450:
1418:
1412:
1351:Biligtü Khan
1331:Jayaatu Khan
1320:
1311:Buyantu Khan
1301:Öljeytü Khan
1256:
1237:
1218:
1214:Genghis Khan
1149:
1120:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1066:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
966:
943:
903:
897:
891:
885:
875:
869:
863:
852:clan (弘吉剌氏)
845:
839:
838:
832:
828:
822:
814:
808:
807:
702:
571:
555:
547:Golden Horde
540:
528:luxury goods
512:
492:
485:
463:
434:
415:
395:
387:Genghis Khan
370:
352:
340:
319:
296:Yuan dynasty
271:
270:
216:
202:
136:(1328-08-15)
44:
1755:1328 deaths
1750:1293 births
1655:16 Kingdoms
1581:" in 1271,
1356:Uskhal Khan
1316:Gegeen Khan
1296:Setsen Khan
1276:Kublai Khan
1271:Möngke Khan
1233:Ögedei Khan
882:clan (弘吉剌氏)
703:Yesün Temür
406:Gegeen Khan
402:Ayurbarwada
383:Gobi Desert
363:Kublai Khan
292:Kublai Khan
280:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
272:Yesün Temür
210:Temple name
173:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
171:Mongolian:
99:Predecessor
1724:Categories
1647:3 Kingdoms
1623:) in 1206.
1579:Great Yuan
1306:Külüg Khan
1252:Güyük Khan
1220:Tolui Khan
1159:1323–1328
1136:1323–1328
1122:Great Khan
935:References
906:fourth son
850:Khonggirat
649:2. Gammala
586:Tugh Temür
543:Ozbeg Khan
530:(тансаг).
516:Christians
426:Khunggirad
398:Kulug Khan
349:Early life
157:(m.?–1328)
145:Yuan China
90:Coronation
36:ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ
1481:Chengzong
1280:Ariq Böke
971:brothers.
900:third son
880:Khongirad
866:(亦怜真八剌皇后)
759:Khongirad
499:Confucian
412:Accession
379:Darmabala
276:Mongolian
264:Khongirad
183:Era dates
109:Successor
1555:Zhaozong
1521:Ningzong
1516:Mingzong
1496:Yingzong
1463:conquest
1446:Xianzong
1441:Dingzong
1432:(regent)
913:See also
835:(宣懿淑圣皇后)
825:(光圣仁孝皇帝)
809:Parents:
596:Ancestry
582:Ragibagh
563:Buddhism
551:cheetahs
442:Mongolia
355:Mongolia
332:era name
233:Borjigin
1608:Huángdì
1595:Chinese
1591:Emperor
1583:Khagans
1573:Before
1511:Wenzong
1491:Renzong
1459:Emperor
1436:Taizong
1430:Ruizong
1198:of the
1124:of the
886:Unknown
819:Zhenjin
625:Zhenjin
545:of the
466:amnesty
451:Shangdu
389:in the
371:jinwang
359:Zhenjin
324:Chinese
316:Mongols
306:of the
284:Chinese
254:Gammala
240:Dynasty
151:Empress
141:Shangdu
49:of the
1687:W. Xia
1605::
1603:pinyin
1597::
1575:Kublai
1486:Wuzong
1455:Khagan
1416:Kublai
1264:Regent
1245:Regent
1226:Regent
1196:Khagan
1097:
829:Mother
815:Father
804:Family
578:Khatun
574:Muslim
520:corvee
507:Mongol
503:Muslim
459:Hainan
455:Yunnan
422:Tegshi
404:, and
367:Jinong
343:Odoric
326::
304:Khagan
286::
259:Mother
251:Father
47:Khagan
1631:Shang
1621:成吉思皇帝
1571:Note:
1476:Shizu
1425:Taizu
1099:Died:
1092:Born:
904:Söse,
559:Lamas
549:sent
375:Temür
288:也孫鐵木兒
228:House
166:Names
81:Reign
64:(6th
45:10th
38:ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ
1703:Qing
1699:Ming
1695:Yuan
1683:Song
1679:Liao
1671:Tang
1635:Zhou
1406:Yuan
1262:(as
1243:(as
1224:(as
1101:1328
1094:1293
505:and
449:and
447:Dadu
328:元泰定帝
245:Yuan
217:None
203:None
131:Died
126:1293
123:Born
32:元泰定帝
1711:PRC
1707:ROC
1691:Jīn
1667:Sui
1651:Jìn
1643:Han
1639:Qin
1627:Xia
1465:of
701:1.
623:4.
440:in
1726::
1709:/
1705:→
1701:→
1697:→
1693:→
1689:/
1685:/
1681:/
1677:→
1673:→
1669:→
1665:→
1661:/
1657:→
1653:/
1649:→
1645:→
1641:→
1637:→
1633:→
1629:→
1601:;
1599:皇帝
1278:/
1133:)
952:^
888::
592:.
457:,
400:,
338:.
282:;
143:,
1619:(
1593:(
1535:元
1457:-
1390:e
1383:t
1376:v
1266:)
1247:)
1228:)
1188:e
1181:t
1174:v
369:(
322:(
274:(
68:)
58:)
20:.
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