41:
1419:
In the beginning of the eleventh century the
Kipchak Khanlyk moved west, occupying lands that had earlier belonged to the Oguz. After seizing the Oguz lands, the Kipchaks grew considerably stronger, and the Kimeks became dependents of the Kipchaks. The fall of the Kimek Kaganate in the middle of the
1525:) were possibly induced into the Kimek union or took over said union and absorbed the Kimek. As a result, the Kipchaks presumably replaced the Kimeks as the union's dominant group, while the Quns gained ascendancy over the westernmost tribes and became
1201:, the identification of Yemeks with Kimeks is disputed. As a result, Golden (2002:660-665) later abandons the Kimeks > Yemeks identification and becomes more amenable to the identification of 鹽莫 Yánmò with Yemeks, by scholars such as Hambis,
1249:. The Shatuo separated from the Chuyue in the middle of the 7th century. (Another component of the Chuyue, the Chigil, were still listed in censuses taken in Tsarist Russia and the early decades of the Soviet Union.)
2278:
Czeglédy, K. (1949): "A kunok eredetéről" MNy, XLV, pp. 47-48. 50 of pp. 43-50. cited in Golden, P. B. (1992) An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. p. 276, fn.
1005:
1797:
Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by Robert
Dankoff in collaboration with James Kelly. In Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). Part II. p. 161
1197:
in
Chinese source. However, Golden later changed his mind, reasoning that, as the Medieval Kipchak dialectal sound-change /k/ > ∅ had not yet happened in the mid-7th century
1428:, which formed in 916 AD in Northern China. The Khitan nomads occupied the Kimek and Kipchak lands west of the Irtysh. In the eleventh to twelfth centuries a Mongol-speaking
1205:, and Kumekov, cited in Golden (1992:202). According to Tishin (2018), Yemeks were simply the most important of the seven constituent tribes whose representatives met at the
1461:
and Volga regions in the 17th-18th centuries, which separated the cattle breeding populations from their summer pastures. Another part of the Nogai were deported from the
998:
991:
3796:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1451:
confederation of the
Kipchak descendants. The last organized tribes of the Nogai in Russian sources were dispersed with the Russian construction of
1150:
like him considered Yemeks to be "a tribe of the
Kipchaks", though contemporary Kipchaks considered themselves a different party. The ethnonym
40:
1181:
Initially, Golden (1992:202, 227, 263) accepted the identification of Kimeks with Imeks/Yimeks/Yemeks, because the /k/ > ∅, resulting in
1828:
Kumekov, B.E. (1972) "Gosudarstvo kimakov IX-XI vv. po arabskim istočnikam" Alma-Ata. p. 40, 45; cited in Golden (1992) p. 202, n. 84
1284:, and that Chumukun were known only to Chinese and Kimek only to Persians and Arabs. The head of the Kimek confederation was titled
2544:
1336:
After the 840 AD breakup of the Uyghur
Khaganate, the Yemeks headed a new political tribal union, creating a new Kimek state.
2411:
2171:
2121:
2091:
1252:
After the disintegration in 743 AD of the
Western Turkic Kaganate, a part of the Chuy tribes remained in its successor, the
1229:, Chumukun and Chuban, occupied a privileged position of being voting members of the confederation's Onoq elite, while the
1883:
Zuev Yu.A. "Xueyantuo
Khaganate and Kimeks. ( to Turkic ethnogeography of Central Asia in the middle of 7th century)" in
1420:
11th century was caused by the migration of
Central Asian Mongolian-speaking nomads, displaced by the Mongolian-speaking
1447:
interfluvial region joined the Kipchak confederation that survived until the Mongol invasion, and later united with the
2146:
2404:
History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume IV: The Age of Achievement AD 750 to the End of the Fifteenth Century
2516:
2497:
2317:
1560:
The majority of researchers (Bakikhanov, S.A. Tokarev, A.I. Tamay, S. Sh. Gadzhieva) derive the name "Kumyk" from a
3827:
3822:
2823:
682:
2383:, p. 3. "Only one sample here represents Kimak nomads, and it does not show elevated East Asian ancestry."
1465:
steppes after Russian conquest of Western Ukraine and Moldova in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
1661:
751:
744:
1753:
in collaboration with James Kelly. In Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). Part I. p. 82-83
3358:
2537:
2243:
Horses Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuiyao" of 8-10th centuries)
1189:, was indeed attested in several Medieval Kipchak dialects; Golden also thought Yemeks unlikely to be 鹽莫 *
1856:
1031:
3424:
1306:, according to Gardizi. By the middle of the eighth century, the Kimeks occupied territory between the
1280:"immersed in water, drowned") with the Kimeks as both coincidentally occupied the same territory, i.e.
1416:); while the Kipchaks, in some customs, resembled the contemporary Oghuzes, who were nomadic herders.
1435:
Between the ninth and thirteenth centuries Kimek tribes were nomadizing in the steppes of the modern
1432:
tribe displaced the Kimeks and Kipchaks from the Mongolian Altai and Upper Irtysh as it moved west.
3756:
3715:
2883:
1222:
946:
592:
571:
2254:
1868:
1593:
2923:
2848:
2612:
2605:
2530:
2338:
600:
2309:
2303:
3746:
2014:(1993:380-381). Moscow: Klyshnikov, Komarov i K°. p. cited in Tishin, V.V (2018). p. 107, 111
1128:); Golden judges Pritsak's reconstruction "highly problematic", as Pritsak did not explain how
897:
762:
563:
20:
1998:
1480:
According to R. Preucel and S. Mrozowki (2010) and S. Divitçioğlu (2010), the Kimek tribe was
3402:
2697:
2399:
2111:
1727:
1656:
1651:
1521:
According to Golden (1992), the Quns and Śari (whom Czeglédy (1949:47-48,50) identifies with
476:
3741:
3078:
2702:
2582:
2440:
1625:
250:
2492:
Faizrakhmanov G., "Ancient Turks in Sibiria and Central Asia" Kazan, 'Master Lain', 2000,
8:
3605:
2893:
2628:
2362:
1715:
1666:
1646:
1510:
1488:
1147:
730:
340:
2444:
2350:
2326:
3286:
3088:
2998:
2898:
2474:
1776:
1763:
1492:
1458:
1139:
847:
718:
1589:
3817:
3444:
3343:
2804:
2662:
2512:
2493:
2466:
2407:
2313:
2209:
2167:
2142:
2117:
2087:
1629:
1246:
1074:
706:
472:
403:
2478:
2422:
1605:
3751:
3397:
3244:
3113:
3045:
2974:
2918:
2903:
2888:
2873:
2843:
2833:
2809:
2745:
2652:
2456:
2448:
2427:
2245:, Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 98, 113 of 93-139 (in Russian)
2221:
1671:
1612:
1529:(though difficulties remain with the Qun-Cuman link and how Qun became Cuman, e.g.
1481:
1436:
1337:
1257:
1035:
824:
694:
517:
420:
331:
322:
313:
286:
241:
232:
215:
1136:; still, Golden considers the connection with the Proto-Mongolic world seriously.
3761:
3368:
3279:
3118:
3098:
3003:
2993:
2979:
2908:
2868:
2863:
2828:
2729:
2683:
2657:
2436:
2081:
1617:
1550:
1453:
1340:(d. 1061) wrote that the Kimak federation consisted of seven tribes: Yemeks (Ar.
1253:
1171:
1170:
group who initially inhabited northwestern Mongolia before migrating to north of
1101:
911:
883:
581:
394:
385:
367:
304:
277:
268:
1380:. Later, an expanded Kimek Kaganate partially controlled the territories of the
3797:
3680:
3429:
3184:
3108:
3050:
2969:
2913:
2878:
2853:
2838:
2769:
2596:
2561:
2553:
2057:"Sections 18, 19, 21" Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky (1937). p. 99-101
1750:
1641:
1621:
1561:
1474:
1369:
1296:
1159:
1113:
1077:, citing Marquart, Barthold, Semenov and other sources, proposes that the name
1047:
1027:
904:
503:
493:
376:
358:
349:
295:
259:
53:
29:
3566:
2964:
2452:
1620:, Kazakhstan ca. 1350 AD. He was found to be carrying the paternal haplogroup
3811:
3725:
3530:
3500:
3434:
3373:
3265:
3258:
3205:
3093:
3083:
2858:
2678:
1956:
1473:
According to C. E. Bosworth (2007) and R. Turaeva (2015) the Kimek tribe was
1421:
1401:
1345:
1331:
1286:
1260:
period, the Chuy tribes consolidated into the nucleus of the tribes known as
1234:
971:
960:
810:
553:
152:
1996:
Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John
1601:
1154:
might have been transcribed in the mid 7th century by Chinese authors as 鹽莫
3773:
3640:
3625:
3439:
3378:
3348:
3312:
3272:
3136:
3008:
2985:
2753:
2689:
2576:
2470:
2166:. Topkapı/İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası - Kultur Yayinlari. pp. 87–88.
1522:
1507:
1448:
1425:
1265:
1206:
1175:
1167:
934:
646:
613:
542:
107:
1597:
3777:
3660:
3655:
3599:
3103:
3019:
2946:
2815:
2796:
2619:
2305:Какого мы роду-племени? Народы России: имена и судьбы. Словарь-справочник
1911:
Golden, P.B. (2002) “Notes on the Qïpchaq Tribes: Kimeks and Yemeks”, in
1566:
1503:
1381:
1319:
1233:
and Chumi tribes did not. A part of the Chuyue tribe intermixed with the
585:
71:
2461:
3460:
2707:
2225:
1723:
1311:
1307:
1198:
922:
871:
798:
658:
3645:
2789:
670:
3675:
3665:
3612:
3579:
3465:
3251:
3213:
3194:
3174:
3149:
3055:
2589:
1749:
Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by
1242:
1202:
786:
634:
458:
434:
206:
116:
2508:
Kimball L., "The Vanished Kimak Empire", Western Washington U., 1994
1256:(740-840), and another part retained their independence. During the
1209:
valley, where the diverse Kimek tribal union emerged, as related by
3785:
3630:
3574:
3560:
3545:
3520:
3510:
3480:
3169:
3156:
3142:
2723:
1938:
1851:
1571:
1546:
1440:
1389:
1365:
1315:
1055:
1051:
859:
528:
430:
143:
80:
1502:
Sümer associates the Kimeks with the Chiks (who were mentioned in
448:
3720:
3670:
3620:
3594:
3589:
3550:
3540:
3495:
3490:
3475:
3392:
3338:
3301:
3296:
3189:
3179:
3164:
3013:
2782:
2736:
2647:
2522:
1496:
1429:
1397:
1393:
1373:
1230:
1210:
1109:
1059:
835:
622:
197:
161:
125:
98:
89:
62:
3695:
3685:
3635:
3584:
3535:
3525:
3505:
3485:
3470:
3384:
3320:
3306:
3238:
3223:
3218:
3199:
3027:
2941:
1576:
1526:
1462:
1444:
1385:
1361:
1357:
1281:
1238:
1226:
1039:
188:
179:
170:
3793:
3690:
3650:
3515:
3233:
3228:
3060:
2775:
2229:
2023:
Faizrakhmanov, G. "Ancient Turks in Sibiria and Central Asia"
1967:
Faizrakhmanov, G. "Ancient Turks in Siberia and Central Asia"
1377:
1269:
1089:, "the two Imäk", probably referring to the first two clans (
1063:
774:
462:
444:
2423:"137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes"
2113:
Migration and Identity in Central Asia: The Uzbek Experience
2032:
Ecsedy, H. (1965) “Old Turkic Titles of Chinese Origin”, in
1887:, Oriental Studies Institute, Almaty (2004). part 1. page 14
16:
850–1050 AD Turkic-speaking tribe of the Kimek confederation
3789:
3781:
2036:, volume 18, issue 1/2, Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 84 of pp. 83-91
1616:
in May 2018 examined the remains of Kimek male buried in
2079:
1775:
Minorsky, V. (1937) "Commentary" on "§18. The Kimäk" in
1762:
Minorsky, V. (1937) "Commentary" on "§18. The Kimäk" in
1400:
territories. The Kimaks led a semi-settled life, as the
2505:
Gumilev L.N., "Hunnu in China", Moscow, 'Science', 1974
1628:. It was noted that he was not found to have "elevated
1104:
attempted to connect the Kimek with the Proto-Mongolic
2502:
Gumilev L.N., "Ancient Turks", Moscow, 'Science', 1967
2199:
3rd rev. ed. p.31, citedin Golden (1992) p. 202, n. 78
2139:
Contemporary Archaeology in Theory: The New Pragmatism
1779:. Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky. p. 304-305
1766:. Translated and Explained by V. Minorsky. p. 304-305
2511:
Pletneva S.A., "Kipchaks", Moscow, 'Science', 1990,
2400:"The States of the Oghuz, the Kimek and the Kipchak"
2290:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples
2137:
Preucel, Robert; Mrozowski, Stephen (May 10, 2010).
1545:?). Kimeks were still represented amongst the Cuman–
1487:
Josef Markwart proposed that Kimeks were Turkicized
1899:
An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People
1034:, whose other six constituent tribes, according to
1718:, is identified by Cen Zhongmian with the toponym
1513:); however, Golden sees little evidence for this.
1439:of Russia. A portion of the Kimeks that left the
44:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
3809:
2136:
2034:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
2420:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
1896:
2141:(2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 296.
2538:
2301:
2070:on "Sections 18 & 19" p. 304-312, 315-317
999:
2421:Damgaard, P. B.; et al. (May 9, 2018).
2109:
2073:
1468:
19:"Yamak" redirects here. For other uses, see
2161:
1819:Hacettepe University, Ankara (2014). p. 188
2545:
2531:
1957:http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot20.htm
1006:
992:
2460:
2347:, Supplementary Information, pp. 113-114.
2397:
2232:(resembles) (character) 行." (in Chinese)
2001:(in English; translated by R.E.F. Smith)
2406:. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 61–76.
1951:Gumilev, L.N. "Ancient Turks", Moscow,
3810:
2295:
2216:馬。與迴紇(契)苾餘沒渾同類。印行。" tr. "Horse of the
1890:
2526:
1392:tribes, and in the west bordered the
1237:' remnants and formed a tribe called
2083:The Turks in the Early Islamic World
2066:Minorsky, V.F. (1937) Commentary on
1837:Golden, Peter B. (2017) "Qıpčak" in
1714:, the residence of Xueyantuo Khagan
1302:都督 "military governor"); as well as
1594:Kara-Khanid Khanate § Genetics
1124:"yellowish" plus denominal suffix *
13:
2552:
1867:"Tonyukuk Inscriptions", line 26,
39:
14:
3839:
2371:, Supplementary Table 8, Row 129.
2164:Sekiz Türk Boyu Üzerine Gözlemler
2110:Rano Turaeva (19 November 2015).
2080:Clifford Edmund Bosworth (2007).
1698:, should not be confused with 燕末
1264:in the Arab and Persian sources.
1146:; Kashgari further remarked that
3788:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
2359:, Supplementary Table 9, Row 43.
2335:, Supplementary Table 2, Row 61.
1985:Tishin, V.V (2018). . p. 107-113
1325:
1142:does not mention any Kimek, but
2374:
2282:
2272:
2263:
2248:
2235:
2202:
2189:
2180:
2155:
2130:
2103:
2098:Kimak - well-known Turkic tribe
2060:
2048:
2039:
2026:
2017:
2004:
1988:
1979:
1976:S.A. Pletneva, "Kipchaks", p.26
1970:
1961:
1945:
1931:
1922:
1905:
1901:. O. Harrassowitz. p. 202.
1877:
1861:
1844:
1684:
1831:
1822:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1769:
1756:
1743:
1322:steppes, to the Zhetysu area.
1:
1815:Golden, Peter B. "Qıpčaq" in
1736:
1662:History of the central steppe
1610:A genetic study published in
30:History of the Turkic peoples
2162:Divitçioğlu, Sencer (2010).
1606:Golden Horde § Genetics
1495:Tatabï, known to Chinese as
7:
2116:. Routledge. pp. 37–.
1928:Tishin, V.V (2018). p. 111
1635:
1583:
1570:, or from another name for
1069:
1032:Kimek-Kipchak confederation
836:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
683:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
10:
3844:
2390:
2255:"Bilge Qaghan inscription"
2186:Golden, P.B. (2002) p. 662
1587:
1491:, who were related to the
1329:
1241:, which lived in southern
1216:
443:Chief gods and goddesses:
18:
3770:
3734:
3708:
3453:
3411:
3357:
3329:
3127:
3069:
3036:
2955:
2932:
2889:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
2762:
2716:
2671:
2640:
2569:
2560:
2453:10.1038/s41586-018-0094-2
1839:Turcology and Linguistics
1817:Turcology and Linguistics
1516:
1469:Ethnolinguistic Belonging
864:11th century–13th century
3757:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
3425:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
2398:Agajanov, S. G. (1992).
1897:Peter B. Golden (1992).
1726:𐰃𐰉𐰺𐱈) mentioned in
1677:
1602:Kipchaks § Genetics
1590:Göktürks § Genetics
1404:mentioned a town named *
1223:Western Turkic Khaganate
947:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
593:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
572:Western Turkic Khaganate
518:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
2914:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
2570:Azerbaijani communities
1598:Karluks § Genetics
1537:"the real Quns"? > *
1030:tribe constituting the
601:Second Turkic Khaganate
3828:Extinct Turkic peoples
3823:Turkic peoples of Asia
3747:Crimean Tatar diaspora
2924:Western Thracian Turks
2859:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2302:Агеева, Р. А. (2000).
2269:Giolden (1992). p. 202
1806:Minorsky (1937) p. 305
1493:para-Mongolic-speaking
763:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
564:First Turkic Khaganate
45:
21:Yamak (disambiguation)
3454:Extinct Turkic groups
3412:Turkic minorities in
3359:Turkic minorities in
3330:Turkic minorities in
3128:Turkic minorities in
2606:Georgian Azerbaijanis
2308:. Academia. pp.
1788:Golden (1992). p. 202
1728:Tonyukuk inscriptions
1657:History of Kazakhstan
1652:History of Kyrgyzstan
1291:, "Prince Governor" (
1097:) of the federation.
872:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
504:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
43:
3772:Central Asian (i.e.
3742:Azerbaijani diaspora
3079:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2717:Turkmen communities
2613:Western Azerbaijanis
2583:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2381:Damgaard et al. 2018
2369:Damgaard et al. 2018
2357:Damgaard et al. 2018
2345:Damgaard et al. 2018
2333:Damgaard et al. 2018
2288:Golden, P.B. (1992)
2045:Golden (1992) p. 203
1994:Gumilyov, L. (2009)
1132:might have produced
1112:confederation (庫莫奚;
1038:(d. 1061), were the
2763:Turkish communities
2629:Javanshir Qizilbash
2445:2018Natur.557..369D
1667:History of Mongolia
1647:Kipchaks in Georgia
1100:On the other hand,
752:Eastern Kara-Khanid
745:Western Kara-Khanid
731:Kara-Khanid Khanate
3287:Siberian Bukharans
3089:Chaharmahali Turks
3070:Turkic minorities
3037:Turkic minorities
2956:Turkic minorities
2672:Kyrgyz communities
2641:Kazakh communities
1555:Polovtsi Yemiakove
1549:as Yimek ~ Yemek (
1140:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1116:: kʰuo-mɑk̚-ɦei; *
1085:) is derived from
848:Khwarazmian Empire
719:Karluk Yabgu State
457:Epics and heroes:
46:
3805:
3804:
3704:
3703:
3615:
3608:
3569:
3445:Tatars of Romania
3418:
3387:
3344:Mongolian Kazakhs
3315:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3022:
2988:
2899:Palestinian Turks
2894:Montenegrin Turks
2818:
2799:
2792:
2785:
2778:
2748:
2739:
2732:
2692:
2663:Mongolian Kazakhs
2631:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2413:978-81-208-1595-7
2195:Sümer, F. (1980)
2173:978-605-360-098-5
2123:978-1-317-43007-0
2093:978-0-86078-719-8
1624:and the maternal
1245:, to the west of
1016:
1015:
981:
980:
977:
952:
940:
928:
923:Qarlughid Kingdom
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
816:
804:
792:
787:Pecheneg Khanates
780:
768:
736:
724:
712:
707:Oghuz Yabgu State
700:
688:
676:
671:Türgesh Khaganate
664:
652:
640:
628:
605:
597:
576:
568:
534:
509:
484:
483:
411:
410:
223:
222:
34:
3835:
3752:Turkish diaspora
3611:
3604:
3565:
3416:
3398:Karategin Uzbeks
3383:
3311:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3245:Astrakhan Tatars
3243:
3208:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3114:Iranian Turkmens
3046:Crimean Karaites
3018:
2984:
2884:Macedonian Turks
2849:Dodecanese Turks
2814:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2746:Iranian Turkmens
2744:
2735:
2728:
2688:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2567:
2566:
2547:
2540:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2464:
2417:
2384:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2299:
2293:
2286:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2239:
2233:
2228:', Yumei-Huns'.
2220:, same stock as
2206:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2077:
2071:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2008:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1949:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1894:
1888:
1881:
1875:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1747:
1730:
1688:
1672:History of China
1457:bulwarks in the
1437:Astrakhan Oblast
1338:Abu Said Gardizi
1036:Abu Said Gardizi
1008:
1001:
994:
975:
950:
938:
926:
887:
875:
863:
851:
839:
825:Sultanate of Rum
814:
802:
799:Ghaznavid Empire
790:
778:
766:
734:
722:
710:
698:
695:Uyghur Khaganate
686:
674:
662:
650:
638:
626:
623:Khazar Khaganate
603:
595:
574:
566:
532:
507:
499:
498:
494:Pre-14th century
471:Major concepts:
426:
425:
421:Turkic Mythology
238:
237:
233:Turkic Languages
216:Crimean Karaites
153:Cherniye Klobuki
59:
58:
33:pre–14th century
32:
26:
25:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3832:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3766:
3762:Kazakh diaspora
3730:
3700:
3449:
3415:
3413:
3407:
3369:Afghan Turkmens
3360:
3353:
3331:
3325:
3280:Siberian Tatars
3204:
3129:
3123:
3119:Iranian Kazakhs
3099:Khorasani Turks
3071:
3065:
3038:
3032:
2975:Chinese Kazakhs
2957:
2951:
2934:
2933:Turkic peoples
2928:
2829:Bulgarian Turks
2805:Abkhazian Turks
2758:
2730:Afghan Turkmens
2712:
2667:
2658:Iranian Kazakhs
2653:Chinese Kazakhs
2636:
2556:
2551:
2521:
2483:
2481:
2437:Nature Research
2414:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2367:
2363:
2355:
2351:
2343:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2300:
2296:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2207:
2203:
2194:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2174:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2010:Gumilyov, L.N.
2009:
2005:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1906:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1878:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1774:
1770:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1638:
1618:Pavlodar Region
1608:
1586:
1551:Old East Slavic
1519:
1471:
1334:
1328:
1314:, and from the
1268:associated one
1254:Uyghur Kaganate
1219:
1172:Altay Mountains
1072:
1012:
983:
982:
912:Tughlaq dynasty
884:Delhi Sultanate
582:Tokhara Yabghus
543:Tiele (Gaoche)
508:202 BCE–13th CE
496:
486:
485:
429:Belief system:
423:
413:
412:
368:Karachay-Balkar
235:
225:
224:
56:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3841:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3803:
3802:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3681:Yenisei Kyrgyz
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3609:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3430:Finnish Tatars
3427:
3421:
3419:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3317:
3316:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3051:Crimean Tatars
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Chinese Uzbeks
2991:
2990:
2989:
2980:Chinese Kyrgyz
2977:
2972:
2970:Chinese Tatars
2967:
2961:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2919:Tunisian Turks
2916:
2911:
2906:
2904:Romanian Turks
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2874:Lebanese Turks
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2854:Egyptian Turks
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Croatian Turks
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2810:Algerian Turks
2807:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2741:
2740:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2684:Chinese Kyrgyz
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2609:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2573:
2571:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2554:Turkic peoples
2550:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2520:
2519:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2490:
2418:
2412:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2361:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2318:
2294:
2281:
2271:
2262:
2247:
2234:
2201:
2188:
2179:
2172:
2154:
2148:978-1405158329
2147:
2129:
2122:
2102:
2092:
2072:
2068:Hudūd al-'Ālam
2059:
2055:Hudūd al-'Ālam
2047:
2038:
2025:
2016:
2012:Drevnie tyurki
2003:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1955:, 1967, Ch.20
1944:
1930:
1921:
1904:
1889:
1876:
1860:
1843:
1830:
1821:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1751:Robert Dankoff
1741:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Kipchak people
1637:
1634:
1585:
1582:
1523:Yellow Uyghurs
1518:
1515:
1470:
1467:
1330:Main article:
1327:
1324:
1297:Middle Chinese
1218:
1215:
1166:, referring a
1160:Middle Chinese
1114:Middle Chinese
1071:
1068:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1003:
996:
988:
985:
984:
979:
978:
967:
966:
965:
964:
954:
953:
942:
941:
930:
929:
918:
917:
916:
915:
908:
905:Khalji dynasty
901:
898:Mamluk dynasty
891:
890:
879:
878:
867:
866:
860:Kerait Khanate
855:
854:
843:
842:
831:
830:
829:
828:
818:
817:
806:
805:
794:
793:
782:
781:
770:
769:
758:
757:
756:
755:
748:
738:
737:
726:
725:
714:
713:
702:
701:
690:
689:
678:
677:
666:
665:
654:
653:
642:
641:
630:
629:
618:
617:
609:
608:
607:
606:
598:
578:
577:
569:
558:
557:
549:
548:
547:
546:
536:
535:
524:
523:
522:
521:
511:
510:
497:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
481:
479:
468:
467:
465:
454:
453:
451:
440:
439:
437:
424:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
408:
406:
400:
399:
397:
391:
390:
388:
382:
381:
379:
373:
372:
370:
364:
363:
361:
355:
354:
352:
346:
345:
343:
337:
336:
334:
328:
327:
325:
319:
318:
316:
310:
309:
307:
301:
300:
298:
292:
291:
289:
283:
282:
280:
274:
273:
271:
265:
264:
262:
256:
255:
253:
247:
246:
244:
236:
231:
230:
227:
226:
221:
220:
218:
212:
211:
209:
203:
202:
200:
194:
193:
191:
185:
184:
182:
176:
175:
173:
167:
166:
164:
158:
157:
155:
149:
148:
146:
140:
139:
137:
131:
130:
128:
122:
121:
119:
113:
112:
110:
104:
103:
101:
95:
94:
92:
86:
85:
83:
77:
76:
74:
68:
67:
65:
57:
54:Turkic peoples
52:
51:
48:
47:
36:
35:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3840:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3800:territories).
3799:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Black Klobuks
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3417:(exc. Russia)
3410:
3404:
3403:Afghan Kyrgyz
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3260:
3259:Mishar Tatars
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:in Uzbekistan
2931:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Serbian Turks
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2869:Kosovan Turks
2867:
2865:
2864:Israeli Turks
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Cypriot Turks
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:Bosnian Turks
2822:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2698:Afghan Kyrgyz
2696:
2691:
2687:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2630:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2518:
2517:5-02-009542-7
2514:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:5-93139-069-3
2495:
2491:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2382:
2377:
2370:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2321:
2319:5-87444-033-X
2315:
2311:
2307:
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2298:
2291:
2285:
2275:
2266:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2238:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:Tang Huiyao,
2205:
2198:
2192:
2183:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2150:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2076:
2069:
2063:
2056:
2051:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1954:
1948:
1941:
1940:
1934:
1925:
1918:
1914:
1908:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1778:
1777:Ḥudūd al'Ālam
1772:
1765:
1764:Ḥudūd al'Ālam
1759:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
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1648:
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1640:
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1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
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1427:
1423:
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1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1332:Kimek Khanate
1326:Kimek Khanate
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1283:
1279:
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1208:
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1196:
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1188:
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1173:
1169:
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1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
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1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
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1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
989:
987:
986:
974:
973:
972:Ottoman State
969:
968:
963:
962:
961:Bahri dynasty
958:
957:
956:
955:
949:
948:
944:
943:
937:
936:
932:
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924:
920:
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900:
899:
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838:
837:
833:
832:
827:
826:
822:
821:
820:
819:
813:
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811:Seljuk Empire
808:
807:
801:
800:
796:
795:
789:
788:
784:
783:
777:
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772:
771:
765:
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721:
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692:
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685:
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680:
679:
673:
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668:
667:
661:
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655:
649:
648:
644:
643:
637:
636:
632:
631:
625:
624:
620:
619:
616:
615:
614:Sabiri People
611:
610:
602:
599:
594:
591:
590:
589:
587:
583:
573:
570:
565:
562:
561:
560:
559:
556:
555:
551:
550:
545:
544:
540:
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531:
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520:
519:
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512:
506:
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500:
495:
490:
489:
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438:
436:
432:
428:
427:
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417:
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401:
398:
396:
393:
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389:
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378:
375:
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369:
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362:
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357:
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351:
348:
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333:
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329:
326:
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321:
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312:
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302:
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285:
284:
281:
279:
276:
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263:
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258:
257:
254:
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229:
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214:
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210:
208:
205:
204:
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178:
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138:
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133:
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129:
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118:
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111:
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106:
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84:
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79:
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75:
73:
70:
69:
66:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
49:
42:
38:
37:
31:
28:
27:
22:
3555:
3440:Lipka Tatars
3313:Tozhu Tuvans
3273:Volga Tatars
2986:Akto Turkmen
2879:Libyan Turks
2839:Cretan Turks
2754:Akto Turkmen
2703:Tajik Kyrgyz
2690:Akto Turkmen
2577:Azerbaijanis
2482:. Retrieved
2462:1887/3202709
2432:
2426:
2403:
2376:
2364:
2352:
2340:
2328:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2274:
2265:
2258:
2257:line 26. at
2250:
2242:
2237:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2196:
2191:
2182:
2163:
2157:
2138:
2132:
2112:
2105:
2097:
2082:
2075:
2067:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1995:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1963:
1952:
1947:
1937:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1879:
1872:
1863:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1719:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1626:haplogroup A
1611:
1609:
1575:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1508:Bilge Qaghan
1501:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1452:
1434:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1353:
1349:
1341:
1335:
1304:Yinal Yabghu
1303:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1272:Chuy tribe,
1266:Lev Gumilyov
1261:
1251:
1220:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1148:Kara-Khanids
1143:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1118:qu(o)mâġ-ġay
1117:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:(pronounced
1078:
1073:
1043:
1023:
1019:
1017:
970:
959:
945:
935:Golden Horde
933:
921:
910:
903:
896:
882:
870:
858:
846:
834:
823:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
750:
743:
729:
717:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
647:Kangar Union
645:
633:
621:
612:
579:
552:
541:
527:
516:
502:
134:
3661:Toquz Oghuz
3600:Oghuz Turks
3567:Sir-Kıvchak
3361:Afghanistan
3104:Qarai Turks
3020:Tor Uyghurs
2999:Fuyu Kyrgyz
2947:Karakalpaks
2816:Kouloughlis
2620:Karapapakhs
2439:: 369–373.
2259:Türik Bitig
2086:. Ashgate.
1873:Türik Bitig
1710:(Zuev). 燕末
1702:, from MC
1694:, from MC *
1632:ancestry".
1511:inscription
1504:Tang Huiyao
1295:being from
1276:處木昆 (< *
1247:Lake Barkol
1227:Chuy tribes
586:Turk Shahis
533:71 BC–?? AD
251:Azerbaijani
72:Oghuz Turks
3812:Categories
2708:Van Kyrgyz
2590:Shahsevans
2241:Zuev, Yu.
1942:, vol. 199
1737:References
1630:East Asian
1588:See also:
1410:Yamakkiyya
1312:Emba River
1308:Ural River
1282:Semirechye
1199:Old Turkic
659:Turk Shahi
341:Karakalpak
3735:Diasporas
3676:Xueyantuo
3666:Uriankhai
3613:Pechenegs
3606:Turkomans
3580:Kutrigurs
3252:Kryashens
3214:Kumandins
3195:Karachays
3175:Besermyan
3150:Telengits
3056:Krymchaks
3039:in Crimea
3004:Ili Turks
2597:Küresünni
2484:April 11,
2292:, 276-279
1913:The Turks
1716:Yağmurçin
1708:ˀien-muât
1704:ʔen-muɑt̚
1564:ethnonym
1424:state of
1414:Namakiyya
1412:> ms.
1243:Dzungaria
976:1299–1922
951:1250–1517
939:1242–1502
927:1224–1266
888:1206–1526
876:1136–1225
852:1077–1231
840:1067–1239
815:1037–1194
635:Xueyantuo
477:Grey wolf
459:Ergenekon
435:Shamanism
207:Krymchaks
117:Kutrigurs
3818:Kipchaks
3786:Turkmens
3774:Turkmeni
3631:Saragurs
3575:Kurykans
3561:Kipchaks
3546:Keraites
3531:Göktürks
3521:Dughlats
3511:Dingling
3481:Berendei
3332:Mongolia
3302:Tofalars
3266:Nağaybäk
3170:Bashkirs
3157:Tubalars
3143:Chelkans
3137:Altaians
2958:in China
2790:Tahtacıs
2783:Muhacirs
2724:Turkmens
2479:13670282
2471:29743675
2435:(7705).
1939:Tongdian
1919:, p. 662
1857:Vol. 200
1852:Tongdian
1841:. p. 187
1720:Ïbar Baş
1706:(ZS) / *
1696:jiäm-mâk
1636:See also
1584:Genetics
1572:Kipchaks
1547:Kipchaks
1482:Tungusic
1406:Yimäkiya
1390:Bagjanak
1366:Bayandur
1316:Aral sea
1300:tuo-tuok
1274:Chumukun
1235:Göktürks
1191:jiäm-mâk
1164:jiäm-mâk
1120:, from *
1087:Iki-Imäk
1075:Minorsky
1070:Ethnonym
1056:Kipchaks
1052:Bayandur
803:963–1186
791:860–1091
779:856–1335
767:848–1036
735:840–1212
711:750–1055
687:743–1035
627:618–1048
554:Göktürks
529:Dingling
431:Tengrism
404:Krymchak
144:Kipchaks
81:Saragurs
3798:Ottoman
3782:Iranian
3778:Afghani
3726:Mughals
3721:Hazaras
3671:Utigurs
3646:Türgesh
3621:Onogurs
3595:Nushibi
3590:Naimans
3551:Khazars
3541:Karluks
3496:Chigils
3491:Bulgars
3476:Barsils
3414:Europe
3393:Ansarlu
3339:Khotons
3297:Teleuts
3190:Dolgans
3185:Chuvash
3180:Chulyms
3165:Balkars
3109:Qashqai
3094:Khalajs
3072:in Iran
3014:Uyghurs
2737:Ansarlu
2648:Kazakhs
2562:Peoples
2441:Bibcode
2391:Sources
2310:190–191
2226:(Qi)bis
2222:Uyghurs
2210:Vol. 72
2197:Oğuzlar
1953:Science
1497:Kumo Xi
1374:Lanikaz
1370:Kipchak
1354:(Y)imēk
1320:Caspian
1278:čomuqun
1221:In the
1217:History
1211:Gardizi
1110:Kumo Xi
1108:of the
1102:Pritsak
1060:Lanikaz
1026:were a
723:756–940
699:744–840
675:699–766
663:665-850
651:659–750
639:628–646
604:682–744
596:581–650
575:581–657
567:552–581
332:Qasgqai
323:Chuvash
314:Bashkir
287:Turkmen
242:Turkish
198:Dolgans
162:Uyghurs
126:Karluks
99:Bulgars
90:Utigurs
63:Onogurs
3794:Syrian
3716:Abdals
3709:Others
3696:Yabaku
3686:Yueban
3636:Shatuo
3626:Sabirs
3585:Merkit
3536:Kangly
3526:Esegel
3506:Cumans
3486:Bulaqs
3471:Basmyl
3435:Gagauz
3385:Timuri
3379:Aimaqs
3374:Afshar
3321:Yakuts
3307:Tuvans
3239:Tatars
3234:Soyots
3224:Nogais
3219:Kumyks
3206:Koibal
3200:Khakas
3130:Russia
3084:Afshar
3028:Yugurs
2942:Uzbeks
2797:Yörüks
2679:Kyrgyz
2515:
2496:
2477:
2469:
2428:Nature
2410:
2316:
2170:
2145:
2120:
2090:
1999:ch. 14
1885:Shygys
1613:Nature
1604:, and
1562:Turkic
1539:qumman
1517:Legacy
1489:Tatars
1475:Turkic
1463:Budjak
1454:zaseka
1445:Irtysh
1430:Naiman
1422:Khitan
1408:(>
1398:Bulgar
1394:Khazar
1388:, and
1386:Kangly
1362:Tatars
1262:Kimaks
1258:Uyghur
1239:Shatuo
1231:Chuyue
1207:Irtysh
1178:zone.
1176:Irtysh
1130:Quomâġ
1062:, and
1048:Tatars
1028:Turkic
395:Karaim
386:Gagauz
305:Kyrgyz
278:Uyghur
269:Kazakh
189:Yakuts
180:Kumyks
171:Tatars
3790:Iraqi
3691:Yagma
3656:Torks
3651:Tuhsi
3641:Tiele
3556:Kimek
3516:Duolu
3349:Dukha
3229:Shors
3061:Urums
3009:Salar
2776:Gajal
2770:Turks
2475:S2CID
2230:Tamga
2218:Chiks
1712:Yànmò
1700:Yànmò
1692:Yánmò
1678:Notes
1622:R1b1b
1577:Cuman
1567:Kimak
1543:quman
1541:>
1527:Quman
1449:Nogai
1402:Hudūd
1378:Ajlad
1358:Eymür
1350:Yemǟk
1344:<
1342:Yamāk
1293:tutuk
1289:Tutuq
1270:Duolu
1195:Yánmò
1193:>
1185:>
1183:Kimek
1168:Tiele
1158:<
1156:Yánmò
1152:Yemäk
1144:Yamāk
1134:Kimek
1083:Kimäk
1079:Kīmāk
1064:Ajlad
1024:Kimek
1020:Yemek
775:Qocho
473:Sheka
463:Asena
449:Ülgen
445:Kayra
377:Tuvan
359:Kumyk
350:Sakha
296:Tatar
260:Uzbek
135:Kimek
108:Sabir
3792:and
3780:and
3461:Alat
2965:Äynu
2513:ISBN
2494:ISBN
2486:2020
2467:PMID
2408:ISBN
2314:ISBN
2168:ISBN
2143:ISBN
2118:ISBN
2088:ISBN
1869:text
1724:OTrk
1506:and
1426:Liao
1396:and
1382:Oguz
1376:and
1352:or *
1346:MTrk
1318:and
1310:and
1287:Shad
1225:two
1203:Zuev
1187:İmek
1174:and
1126:-mAk
1106:Kumo
1095:Īmāk
1093:and
1042:(or
1040:Imur
1018:The
475:and
461:and
447:and
433:and
2457:hdl
2449:doi
2433:557
2224:',
1871:at
1690:鹽莫
1557:).
1535:man
1531:qun
1459:Don
1356:),
1122:quo
1091:Īmī
1046:),
1044:Imi
1022:or
3814::
3784:)
3776:,
3466:Az
2473:.
2465:.
2455:.
2447:.
2431:.
2425:.
2402:.
2312:.
2096:.
1915:,
1855:,
1600:,
1596:,
1592:,
1580:.
1574:—
1553::
1533:+
1499:.
1484:.
1477:.
1441:Ob
1384:,
1372:,
1368:,
1364:,
1360:,
1213:.
1066:.
1058:,
1054:,
1050:,
588:)
584:,
2546:e
2539:t
2532:v
2488:.
2459::
2451::
2443::
2416:.
2322:.
2214:赤
2212:"
2176:.
2151:.
2126:.
1917:I
1722:(
1443:-
1348:*
1162:*
1007:e
1000:t
993:v
580:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
