719:
42:
3409:
3415:
3926:
3403:
1824:
2722:
2727:
67:
2152:
572:
672:
801:
217:
231:
318:
prey, and zygodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forward and two backwards, but they lack the stiff tail feathers that the true woodpeckers use when climbing trees, so they are more likely than their relatives to perch on a branch rather than an upright trunk. The sexes have a similar appearance.
518:
mainly wintering in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Asia. The rufous-necked wryneck has a disjunct distribution confined to sub-Saharan Africa. It is resident, although there may be local movements and post-breeding dispersal. Both wrynecks have several geographical
432:"neck". The English "wryneck" refers to the habit of birds in this genus of twisting and writhing their necks when agitated. It was first recorded in 1585. The red-throated wryneck was first identified by German ornithologist
326:
and other insects, which they find in decaying wood or almost bare soil. They reuse woodpecker holes for nesting, rather than making their own holes. The eggs are white, as with many hole nesters.
329:
The two species have cryptic plumage, with intricate patterning of greys and browns. The adult moults rapidly between July and
September, although some moult continues in its winter quarters.
883:
718:
2214:
2824:
2794:
2274:
1868:
2251:
4096:
3590:
2803:
3600:
3476:
3456:
3408:
3056:
2204:
1877:
1706:
995:
4135:
3641:
3486:
2833:
2378:
1932:
1689:
1645:
443:
that probably separated early in their evolution from the piculets, although there has subsequently been only limited divergence between the
3496:
2848:
2194:
1672:
1291:
3610:
3466:
2875:
2769:
2671:
2354:
2009:
868:
3547:
1628:
3065:
991:
950:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
4070:
1416:
4109:
625:
472:
1395:
1376:
1347:
1003:
915:
4114:
985:
1438:
3414:
483:(five million years ago) woodpeckers were similar to those now extant. Fossil wrynecks are known from Europe in the
4140:
4049:
3925:
310:-like head twisting and hissing as a threat display. It has occasionally been called "snake-bird" for that reason.
4062:
3402:
542:
377:
159:
2721:
1823:
41:
4192:
4122:
1411:
4005:
4010:
4179:
2151:
1275:
1054:
1412:
Ageing and sexing of
Eurasian wryneck (PDF; 4.6 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1026:
2726:
365:
to other woodpeckers including the
Picinae and probably diverged early from the rest of the family.
314:
Like the true woodpeckers, wrynecks have large heads, long tongues, which they use to extract their
1446:
782:
322:
Their bills are shorter and less dagger-like than in the true woodpeckers, but their chief prey is
306:
name from their ability to turn their heads almost 180°. When disturbed at the nest, they use this
1431:
1031:
66:
4166:
1179:"A new species of woodpecker (Aves; Picidae) from the early Miocene of Saulcet (Allier, France)"
3945:
1299:
4101:
510:
and Africa. The
Eurasian wryneck breeds across temperate Europe and Asia, and one of only two
4161:
1039:
824:
701:
4153:
953:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 112.
4031:
3992:
668:
from
Senegal in the west to Ethiopia in the east, and in tropical South and Southeast Asia.
8:
507:
433:
1252:
3042:
1757:
1424:
1200:
858:
61:
4215:
4148:
4018:
3338:
2301:
1891:
1391:
1372:
1343:
1204:
1159:
999:
911:
643:
634:
24:
968:
754:
4220:
2985:
1270:
1190:
1149:
1118:
1020:
387:
303:
292:
178:
49:
4023:
1122:
948:
459:
about fifty million years ago, and a 2017 study considered that the split between
3802:
3563:
3536:
2640:
2560:
2317:
2106:
1558:
1530:
964:
763:
726:
476:
436:
in 1830. It is also known as the rufous-necked wryneck or red-breasted wryneck.
382:
206:
4127:
1154:
1137:
4057:
4044:
3983:
3864:
3795:
3296:
3264:
2405:
2290:
1855:
1842:
1737:
1497:
1452:
616:
579:
515:
354:
200:
1195:
1178:
973:. Vol. 6. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 86.
4209:
3997:
3899:
3684:
3677:
3329:
2999:
2840:
2633:
2170:
2043:
1946:
1920:
1900:
1766:
1662:
1611:
1593:
1456:
1448:
1261:
1177:
De Pietri, Vanesa L; Manegold, Albrecht; Costeur, Loïc; Mayr, Gerald (2011).
944:
863:
853:
657:
607:
538:
479:
had some ‘’Jynx’’-like features, but was classed as an early piculet. By the
403:
373:
358:
285:
184:
155:
3968:
3836:
3772:
3761:
3740:
3726:
3345:
3271:
3248:
3221:
3203:
3099:
2930:
2902:
2780:
2498:
2260:
2228:
2050:
1728:
1679:
1539:
1163:
790:
440:
395:
167:
571:
4083:
3977:
3892:
3885:
3843:
3829:
3822:
3813:
3788:
3781:
3719:
3621:
3359:
3230:
3210:
3196:
3161:
3127:
3108:
2978:
2923:
2909:
2695:
2602:
2595:
2581:
2516:
2464:
2457:
2441:
2432:
2331:
2099:
2078:
2071:
2020:
1939:
1584:
484:
20:
872:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 854.
4075:
3906:
3871:
3747:
3733:
3670:
3650:
3630:
3527:
3352:
3285:
3278:
3237:
3189:
3182:
3168:
3154:
3006:
2969:
2951:
2886:
2744:
2525:
2505:
2412:
2368:
2342:
2324:
2283:
2237:
2120:
2085:
2064:
2036:
1990:
1786:
1635:
1618:
1602:
1569:
1548:
1491:
1460:
884:"Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, and Piculets (Picidae) | Encyclopedia.com"
671:
653:
520:
504:
456:
338:
277:
216:
128:
118:
800:
230:
4088:
3857:
3850:
3712:
3705:
3305:
3079:
2654:
2617:
2546:
2532:
2482:
2423:
2398:
2389:
2310:
2113:
1696:
1652:
1518:
1503:
511:
274:
78:
3939:
3962:
3878:
3698:
3691:
3507:
3257:
3145:
2958:
2916:
2647:
2574:
2471:
2361:
2092:
1999:
1981:
1957:
1479:
794:
786:
778:
480:
98:
4187:
4036:
3754:
3574:
3432:
3370:
3320:
3134:
3088:
2992:
2944:
2859:
2683:
2661:
2626:
2539:
2057:
774:
661:
468:
350:
346:
341:
are an ancient bird family consisting of three subfamilies, the
3661:
3175:
3117:
2937:
2810:
2567:
2553:
2491:
2450:
2127:
2029:
1713:
1473:
1246:
1244:
692:: Open countryside and gardens, especially with some old trees.
665:
664:, Central Asia, Japan and southern China. Winters south of the
315:
88:
857:
4174:
3556:
2895:
2702:
1966:
1911:
1485:
362:
307:
1241:
1176:
3021:
2588:
412:
299:
108:
455:
The woodpecker family appears to have diverged from other
323:
471:, more than twenty million years ago, consisting of the
1136:
Shakya, S B; Fuchs, J; Pons, J-M; Sheldon, F H (2017).
1371:. Helm Photographic Guides. London: Christopher Helm.
1250:
1138:"Tapping the woodpecker tree for evolutionary insight"
1135:
1327:
Handbook of
British Birds, Volume 2: Warblers to Owls
1105:
Tarboton, Warwick (1976). "Aspects of the
Biology of
386:. Linnaeus placed a single species in the genus, the
3606:
3596:
3586:
3492:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3123:
3076:
3053:
3038:
2871:
2821:
2791:
2776:
2764:
2691:
2667:
2374:
2350:
2271:
2248:
2225:
2210:
2200:
2190:
2005:
1928:
1888:
1865:
1702:
1685:
1668:
1658:
1641:
1624:
1565:
1554:
1059:(in German). Munich: J. G. Cotta'schen. p. 118.
1342:by John B. Dunning Jr. (Editor). CRC Press (1992),
1289:
1019:
467:million years ago. A fossil dating from the early
1276:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22680689A92872725.en
1018:
4207:
1329:. H. F. and G. Witherby Ltd. pp. 292–296.
368:The wryneck subfamily Jynginae has one genus,
1853:
1432:
273:) are a small but distinctive group of small
987:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1538:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1111:The Ostrich: Journal of African Ornithology
1091:
1089:
1087:
1068:
1066:
660:south to Spain, Algeria, Morocco, southern
427:
421:
372:, introduced in 1758 by Swedish naturalist
1439:
1425:
1234:
1232:
229:
215:
40:
1274:
1211:
1194:
1153:
1075:
930:
928:
926:
924:
463:and other woodpeckers occurred about 22.5
332:
1324:
1313:
1298:. BirdLife International. Archived from
1283:
1220:
1104:
1098:
1084:
1063:
943:
682:26 to 50 g (0.92 to 1.76 oz) {
19:For the wry neck medical condition, see
1229:
983:
514:woodpeckers to undertake long-distance
4208:
1129:
1052:
963:
921:
852:
3944:
3943:
3430:
2742:
2168:
1840:
1516:
1420:
1142:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1046:
990:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
846:
563:IUCN status and estimated population
4193:670FB59A-BF2C-4963-8CDA-E3B1EB732AC5
4180:E9F29823-01B3-888C-3718-C1C778D6A652
4063:3bbf8d29-421b-4c2c-a1fb-2cc1a2a5afe9
1040:participating institution membership
773:Resident in sub-Saharan Africa from
361:show that the wrynecks are a sister
1333:
1262:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1841:
1012:
977:
14:
4232:
2169:
1405:
1340:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1170:
3924:
3413:
3407:
3401:
2725:
2720:
2150:
1822:
1056:Naturliches System der Amphibien
970:Check-List of Birds of the World
799:
717:
670:
570:
450:
238:Range map for red-necked wryneck
65:
1251:BirdLife International (2016).
554:Scientific name and subspecies
406:name for the Eurasian wryneck,
224:Range map for Eurasian wryneck
2743:
1360:
1183:Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
957:
937:
908:RSPB Handbook of British Birds
901:
876:
491:million and 11,700 years ago.
1:
1517:
1325:Witherby, H. F., ed. (1943).
1123:10.1080/00306525.1976.9639545
1053:Wagler, Johann Georg (1830).
839:
7:
3431:
1155:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.09.005
680:: 17 cm (6.7 in).
10:
4237:
1290:Butchart, S.; Ekstrom, J.
1217:Gorman (2022) pp. 104–106.
494:
394:), which is therefore the
349:and the true woodpeckers,
18:
3952:
3922:
3812:
3771:
3660:
3640:
3620:
3582:
3573:
3546:
3526:
3506:
3443:
3439:
3426:
3399:
3369:
3328:
3319:
3295:
3247:
3220:
3144:
3107:
3098:
3075:
3052:
3029:
3020:
2968:
2885:
2867:
2858:
2820:
2790:
2755:
2751:
2738:
2718:
2682:
2616:
2515:
2481:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2388:
2341:
2300:
2270:
2247:
2224:
2181:
2177:
2164:
2147:
2019:
1989:
1980:
1956:
1919:
1910:
1887:
1864:
1849:
1836:
1819:
1785:
1765:
1756:
1736:
1727:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1529:
1525:
1512:
1468:
1196:10.1007/s13358-011-0021-8
1027:Oxford English Dictionary
984:Jobling, James A (2010).
714:
567:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
237:
228:
223:
214:
197:
192:
173:
166:
62:Scientific classification
60:
48:
39:
34:
1463:and their extinct allies
1369:Woodpeckers of the World
1269:: e.T22680689A92872725.
1095:Gorman (2022) pp. 39–40.
1081:Gorman (2014) pp. 38–39.
1072:Gorman (2022) pp. 35–36.
783:Central African Republic
439:The two wrynecks form a
254:
248:
242:
1386:Gorman, Gerard (2022).
1367:Gorman, Gerard (2014).
1032:Oxford University Press
869:Encyclopædia Britannica
23:. For the warship, see
1238:Gorman (2022) pp. 4–6.
503:are restricted to the
428:
422:
333:Taxonomy and etymology
4162:Paleobiology Database
715:Red-throated wryneck
359:phylogenetic analysis
4058:Fauna Europaea (new)
1226:Gorman (2022) p. 42.
888:www.encyclopedia.com
16:Genus of woodpeckers
1390:. Exeter: Pelagic.
1030:(Online ed.).
934:Gorman (2022) p. 3.
761:J. r. pulchricollis
752:J. r. aequatorialis
547:
508:biogeographic realm
499:The two species in
434:Johann Georg Wagler
3043:Rupelramphastoides
1758:Picodynastornithes
1292:"Eurasian Wryneck
623:J. t. mauretanica
529:
420:is from the Latin
4203:
4202:
4149:Open Tree of Life
3946:Taxon identifiers
3937:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3915:
3422:
3421:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3315:
3314:
3016:
3015:
2734:
2733:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2612:
2611:
2302:Brachypteraciidae
2160:
2159:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
1976:
1975:
1892:Messelirrisoridae
1832:
1831:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1723:
1722:
1579:
1578:
1397:978-1-78427-288-3
1378:978-1-4081-4715-3
1348:978-0-8493-4258-5
1038:(Subscription or
1005:978-1-4081-2501-4
965:Peters, James Lee
916:978-1-4729-0647-2
837:
836:
733:
614:J. t. himalayana
586:
568:Eurasian wryneck
560:Size and ecology
545:
398:. The genus name
261:
260:
162:
25:HMS Wryneck (D21)
4228:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4169:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4130:
4128:NHMSYS0000530417
4118:
4117:
4105:
4104:
4092:
4091:
4079:
4078:
4066:
4065:
4053:
4052:
4040:
4039:
4027:
4026:
4014:
4013:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3941:
3940:
3928:
3608:
3598:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3494:
3484:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3441:
3440:
3428:
3427:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3326:
3325:
3125:
3105:
3104:
3078:
3055:
3040:
3027:
3026:
2986:Galbalcyrhynchus
2873:
2865:
2864:
2823:
2793:
2778:
2766:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2693:
2669:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2428:
2376:
2352:
2273:
2250:
2227:
2215:Quasisyndactylus
2212:
2202:
2192:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2007:
1987:
1986:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1890:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1838:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1763:
1762:
1734:
1733:
1704:
1687:
1670:
1660:
1643:
1626:
1599:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1567:
1556:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1417:
1401:
1382:
1351:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1248:
1239:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1198:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1157:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1035:
1023:
1016:
1010:
1009:
981:
975:
974:
961:
955:
954:
941:
935:
932:
919:
905:
899:
898:
896:
894:
880:
874:
873:
861:
850:
828:
803:
746:J. r. ruficollis
740:Three subspecies
731:
721:
705:
674:
599:J. t. torquilla
584:
574:
548:
537:
528:
490:
466:
431:
425:
388:Eurasian wryneck
293:Eurasian wryneck
257:
255:
251:
249:
245:
243:
233:
219:
179:Eurasian wryneck
154:
70:
69:
56:) Punjab, India
50:Eurasian wryneck
44:
32:
31:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4134:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4100:
4095:
4087:
4082:
4074:
4069:
4061:
4056:
4048:
4043:
4035:
4030:
4022:
4017:
4009:
4004:
3996:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3948:
3938:
3929:
3912:
3808:
3803:Reinwardtipicus
3767:
3656:
3636:
3616:
3569:
3542:
3522:
3502:
3435:
3418:
3385:
3365:
3311:
3291:
3243:
3216:
3140:
3094:
3071:
3048:
3012:
2964:
2881:
2854:
2825:Sylphornithidae
2816:
2795:Gracilitarsidae
2786:
2747:
2730:
2708:
2678:
2608:
2511:
2477:
2418:
2384:
2337:
2318:Brachypteracias
2296:
2275:Primobucconidae
2266:
2243:
2220:
2173:
2156:
2149:
2133:
2107:Rhabdotorrhinus
2015:
1972:
1952:
1906:
1883:
1869:Laurillardiidae
1858:
1845:
1828:
1821:
1801:
1781:
1752:
1719:
1575:
1559:Plesiocathartes
1531:Leptosomiformes
1521:
1508:
1464:
1445:
1408:
1398:
1385:
1379:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1338:
1334:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1284:
1255:Jynx ruficollis
1249:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1175:
1171:
1134:
1130:
1117:(2–3): 99–112.
1107:Jynx ruficollis
1103:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1051:
1047:
1037:
1017:
1013:
1006:
982:
978:
962:
958:
942:
938:
933:
922:
906:
902:
892:
890:
882:
881:
877:
859:"Wryneck"
851:
847:
842:
832:
826:
817:
816:
811:
810:
798:
770:
769:
742:
741:
735:
734:
730:
727:Jynx ruficollis
709:
703:
694:
693:
688:
687:
681:
669:
650:
649:
641:J. t. tschusii
632:J. t. sarudnyi
605:J. t. chinensis
601:Linnaeus, 1758
595:
594:
588:
587:
583:
526:
497:
488:
477:tarsometatarsus
464:
453:
426:, "rufous" and
383:Systema Naturae
335:
313:
253:
252:
247:
246:
241:
240:
239:
207:Jynx ruficollis
204:
188:
182:
153:
64:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4234:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4184:
4171:
4158:
4145:
4132:
4119:
4106:
4093:
4080:
4067:
4054:
4045:Fauna Europaea
4041:
4028:
4015:
4002:
3989:
3974:
3958:
3956:
3950:
3949:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3868:
3865:Leuconotopicus
3861:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3799:
3796:Chrysocolaptes
3792:
3785:
3777:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3744:
3737:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3681:
3674:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3583:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3560:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3532:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3512:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3449:
3447:
3445:incertae sedis
3437:
3436:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3334:
3332:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3309:
3301:
3299:
3297:Semnornithidae
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3265:Aulacorhynchus
3261:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3150:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3131:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3035:
3033:
3031:incertae sedis
3024:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2974:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2891:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2797:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2774:
2761:
2759:
2757:incertae sedis
2749:
2748:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2699:
2688:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2519:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2444:
2435:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2347:
2345:
2339:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2291:Septencoracias
2287:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2256:
2254:
2252:Geranopteridae
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2198:
2187:
2185:
2183:incertae sedis
2175:
2174:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2003:
1995:
1993:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1962:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1894:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1859:
1856:Bucerotiformes
1854:
1847:
1846:
1843:Bucerotiformes
1834:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1738:Bucerotiformes
1731:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1710:
1700:
1693:
1683:
1676:
1666:
1656:
1649:
1639:
1632:
1622:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1596:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1563:
1552:
1544:
1542:
1533:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1498:Coraciimorphae
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1407:
1406:External links
1404:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1383:
1377:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1332:
1312:
1294:Jynx torquilla
1282:
1240:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1189:(2): 307–314.
1169:
1128:
1097:
1083:
1074:
1062:
1045:
1011:
1004:
976:
967:, ed. (1948).
956:
945:Linnaeus, Carl
936:
920:
900:
875:
864:Chisholm, Hugh
854:Newton, Alfred
844:
843:
841:
838:
835:
834:
827: LC
822:
804:
771:
768:
767:
758:
749:
739:
738:
737:
736:
732:(Wagler, 1830)
723:
712:
711:
704: LC
699:
698:: Mainly ants
684:J. t. tschusii
675:
651:
648:
647:
638:
629:
620:
611:
602:
593:Six subspecies
592:
591:
590:
589:
585:Linnaeus, 1758
580:Jynx torquilla
576:
565:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
546:– two species
496:
493:
452:
449:
392:Jynx torquilla
355:DNA sequencing
334:
331:
259:
258:
250: Resident
235:
234:
226:
225:
221:
220:
212:
211:
201:Jynx torquilla
195:
194:
190:
189:
183:
175:Jynx torquilla
171:
170:
164:
163:
146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
58:
57:
54:Jynx torquilla
46:
45:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4233:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4163:
4159:
4155:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4077:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3994:
3990:
3985:
3979:
3975:
3970:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3942:
3927:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3900:Xiphidiopicus
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3793:
3791:
3790:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3685:Chrysophlegma
3682:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3591:Australopicus
3585:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3459:
3458:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3416:
3412:
3410:
3404:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3330:Indicatoridae
3327:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
3000:Jacamaralcyon
2997:
2995:
2994:
2990:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:Palaegithalus
2838:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2804:Gracilitarsus
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2728:
2723:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2674:
2673:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2634:Baryphthengus
2631:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2223:
2217:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2171:Coraciiformes
2167:
2163:
2153:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2044:Anthracoceros
2041:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2004:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1947:Rhinopomastus
1944:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1921:Phoeniculidae
1918:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1901:Messelirrisor
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1886:
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1775:
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1767:Coraciiformes
1764:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1746:
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1692:
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1684:
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1677:
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1664:
1663:Masillatrogon
1657:
1655:
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1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
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1630:
1623:
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1614:
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1612:Apalharpactes
1609:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Trogoniformes
1591:
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1586:
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1572:
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1564:
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1302:on 2016-10-21
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865:
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849:
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829:
823:
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805:
802:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
765:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
748:Wagler, 1830
747:
744:
743:
729:
728:
724:
722:
720:
713:
710:
707:
706:
700:
697:
691:
685:
679:
676:
673:
667:
663:
659:
658:Arctic Circle
655:
652:
645:
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639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
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612:
609:
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522:
517:
513:
509:
506:
502:
492:
487:, between 2.6
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
462:
458:
451:Fossil record
448:
446:
442:
437:
435:
430:
424:
419:
415:
414:
409:
405:
404:Ancient Greek
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
384:
379:
375:
374:Carl Linnaeus
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
330:
327:
325:
320:
317:
311:
309:
305:
301:
296:
294:
290:
287:
286:Ancient Greek
283:
279:
276:
272:
271:
266:
236:
232:
227:
222:
218:
213:
210:
209:
208:
203:
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196:
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186:
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117:
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107:
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83:
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68:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
3953:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3884:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3837:Dendrocoptes
3835:
3828:
3821:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:Campephilini
3760:
3753:
3746:
3741:Mulleripicus
3739:
3732:
3727:Micropternus
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3649:
3629:
3609:
3601:Palaeonerpes
3599:
3589:
3562:
3555:
3535:
3516:
3515:
3495:
3485:
3477:Palaeonerpes
3475:
3465:
3457:Bitumenpicus
3455:
3444:
3406:
3358:
3351:
3346:Melichneutes
3344:
3337:
3304:
3284:
3277:
3272:Pteroglossus
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:Ramphastidae
3236:
3229:
3222:Megalaimidae
3209:
3204:Trachyphonus
3202:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3133:
3126:
3116:
3100:Ramphastides
3087:
3064:
3057:Miopiconidae
3041:
3030:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2931:Micromonacha
2929:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2903:Chelidoptera
2901:
2894:
2874:
2847:
2839:
2832:
2809:
2802:
2781:Pristineanis
2779:
2768:
2756:
2701:
2694:
2670:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2625:
2601:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2504:
2499:Chloroceryle
2497:
2490:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2289:
2282:
2261:Geranopterus
2259:
2236:
2229:Eocoraciidae
2213:
2205:Paracoracias
2203:
2193:
2182:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2051:Berenicornis
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2008:
1998:
1965:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1899:
1878:Laurillardia
1876:
1729:Picocoraciae
1712:
1707:Septentrogon
1705:
1695:
1688:
1680:Pharomachrus
1678:
1671:
1661:
1651:
1644:
1634:
1627:
1617:
1610:
1568:
1557:
1547:
1540:Leptosomidae
1490:Infraclass:
1387:
1368:
1356:
1339:
1335:
1326:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:the original
1293:
1285:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1222:
1213:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1077:
1055:
1048:
1025:
1014:
986:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
910:(2014). UK.
907:
903:
891:. Retrieved
887:
878:
867:
848:
831:
825:
818:
812:
806:
791:South Africa
760:
751:
745:
725:
716:
708:
702:
695:
689:
683:
677:
644:Kleinschmidt
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
598:
578:
569:
551:Common name
532:
531:
525:
500:
498:
460:
454:
444:
441:superspecies
438:
417:
411:
407:
402:is from the
399:
396:type species
391:
381:
378:10th edition
369:
367:
342:
336:
328:
321:
312:
297:
288:
284:is from the
281:
269:
268:
264:
262:
256: Winter
244: Summer
205:
199:
198:
174:
168:Type species
149:
148:
138:
53:
29:
4084:iNaturalist
3978:Wikispecies
3893:Veniliornis
3886:Sphyrapicus
3844:Dendropicos
3830:Dendrocopos
3823:Chloropicus
3814:Melanerpini
3789:Campephilus
3782:Blythipicus
3720:Geocolaptes
3642:Hemicircini
3622:Nesoctitini
3487:Palaeopicus
3380:See below ↓
3360:Prodotiscus
3231:Caloramphus
3211:Tricholaema
3197:Stactolaema
3162:Cryptolybia
3128:Capitonides
3109:Capitonidae
2979:Brachygalba
2924:Malacoptila
2910:Hapaloptila
2834:Oligosylphe
2696:Palaeotodus
2603:Todiramphus
2596:Tanysiptera
2582:Pelargopsis
2517:Halcyoninae
2465:Corythornis
2442:Alcedininae
2433:Alcedinidae
2379:Miocoracias
2332:Uratelornis
2100:Penelopides
2079:Horizocerus
2072:Ceratogymna
2021:Bucerotidae
1940:Phoeniculus
1933:Phirriculus
1796:See below ↓
1776:See below ↓
1747:See below ↓
1690:Primotrogon
1646:Foshanornis
1585:Eucavitaves
1461:woodpeckers
1457:kingfishers
1388:The Wryneck
1361:Cited texts
1148:: 182–191.
485:Pleistocene
339:woodpeckers
278:woodpeckers
135:Subfamily:
21:torticollis
4210:Categories
3907:Yungipicus
3872:Melanerpes
3748:Pardipicus
3734:Meiglyptes
3671:Campethera
3651:Hemicircus
3631:Nesoctites
3564:Verreauxia
3528:Picumninae
3497:Piculoides
3353:Melignomon
3286:Selenidera
3279:Ramphastos
3238:Psilopogon
3190:Pogonornis
3183:Pogoniulus
3169:Gymnobucco
3155:Buccanodon
3007:Jacamerops
2970:Galbulidae
2952:Notharchus
2887:Bucconidae
2849:Sylphornis
2745:Piciformes
2526:Actenoides
2506:Megaceryle
2413:Nyctyornis
2369:Eurystomus
2343:Coraciidae
2325:Geobiastes
2284:Primobucco
2238:Eocoracias
2195:Cryptornis
2121:Rhyticeros
2086:Lophoceros
2065:Bycanistes
2037:Anorrhinus
1991:Bucorvidae
1787:Piciformes
1673:Paratrogon
1636:Euptilotis
1619:Apaloderma
1603:Trogonidae
1570:Waltonavis
1549:Leptosomus
1492:Neognathae
1447:Genera of
1306:2013-08-06
1042:required.)
840:References
654:Palearctic
626:Rothschild
521:subspecies
505:Palearctic
457:Piciformes
418:ruficollis
302:get their
119:Piciformes
3858:Leiopicus
3851:Dryobates
3713:Gecinulus
3706:Dryocopus
3611:Pliopicus
3467:Breacopus
3339:Indicator
3306:Semnornis
3080:Picavidae
2876:Jacamatia
2770:Homalopus
2672:Protornis
2655:Hylomanes
2618:Momotidae
2547:Clytoceyx
2533:Caridonax
2483:Cerylinae
2424:Alcedines
2399:Meropogon
2390:Meropidae
2355:Chehuenia
2311:Atelornis
2114:Rhinoplax
2010:Euroceros
1697:Priotelus
1653:Harpactes
1519:Cavitaves
1504:Cavitaves
1472:Kingdom:
1453:hornbills
1205:129249316
1021:"Wryneck"
789:south to
656:from the
516:migration
512:Old World
475:end of a
447:species.
275:Old World
85:Kingdom:
79:Eukaryota
35:Wrynecks
4216:Wrynecks
4037:45509716
3963:Wikidata
3879:Picoides
3699:Dinopium
3692:Colaptes
3548:Sasiinae
3537:Picumnus
3508:Jynginae
3258:Andigena
3146:Lybiidae
2959:Nystalus
2917:Hypnelus
2648:Eumomota
2641:Electron
2575:Melidora
2472:Ispidina
2362:Coracias
2093:Ocyceros
2000:Bucorvus
1982:Buceroti
1958:Upupidae
1629:Eotrogon
1480:Chordata
1478:Phylum:
1474:Animalia
1164:28890006
947:(1758).
893:28 March
856:(1911).
795:Eswatini
787:Ethiopia
779:Cameroon
764:Hartlaub
539:Linnaeus
481:Pliocene
347:piculets
343:wrynecks
265:wrynecks
193:Species
185:Linnaeus
156:Linnaeus
139:Jynginae
125:Family:
99:Chordata
95:Phylum:
89:Animalia
75:Domain:
4221:Picidae
4188:ZooBank
4102:1015875
4076:2478152
3755:Piculus
3575:Picinae
3433:Picidae
3371:Picidae
3321:Picides
3135:Eubucco
3089:Picavus
3066:Miopico
2993:Galbula
2945:Nonnula
2860:Galbuli
2684:Todidae
2662:Momotus
2627:Aspatha
2561:Halcyon
2540:Cittura
2058:Buceros
1502:Clade:
1496:Clade:
1484:Class:
1449:trogons
866:(ed.).
813:Habitat
775:Nigeria
766:, 1884
757:, 1842
755:Ruppell
690:Habitat
662:Siberia
646:, 1907
637:, 1912
628:, 1909
619:, 1959
610:, 1911
495:Species
469:Miocene
380:of his
376:in the
351:Picinae
304:English
267:(genus
145:Genus:
129:Picidae
115:Order:
105:Class:
4167:373317
4154:467843
4141:189525
4115:178149
3969:Q31818
3678:Celeus
3662:Picini
3176:Lybius
3118:Capito
2938:Monasa
2811:Neanis
2568:Lacedo
2554:Dacelo
2492:Ceryle
2451:Alcedo
2406:Merops
2128:Tockus
2030:Aceros
1714:Trogon
1394:
1375:
1346:
1203:
1162:
1002:
914:
666:Sahara
635:Loudon
617:Vaurie
557:Range
530:Genus
489:
473:distal
465:
429:collum
416:, and
345:, the
316:insect
298:These
291:, the
187:, 1758
4175:Plazi
4097:IRMNG
4089:18447
4050:97089
4011:25364
3762:Picus
3557:Sasia
2896:Bucco
2703:Todus
1967:Upupa
1912:Upupi
1201:S2CID
1036:
862:. In
608:Hesse
423:rufus
363:clade
308:snake
300:birds
4136:NCBI
4110:ITIS
4071:GBIF
4024:5737
4006:BOLD
3998:Jynx
3984:Jynx
3954:Jynx
3517:Jynx
3022:Pici
2589:Syma
2458:Ceyx
1486:Aves
1392:ISBN
1373:ISBN
1344:ISBN
1267:2016
1160:PMID
1000:ISBN
912:ISBN
895:2023
819:Diet
807:Size
793:and
785:and
696:Diet
678:Size
543:1758
533:Jynx
501:Jynx
461:Jynx
445:Jynx
413:iunx
408:ιυγξ
400:Jynx
370:Jynx
357:and
337:The
324:ants
289:iunx
282:Jynx
270:Jynx
263:The
160:1758
150:Jynx
109:Aves
4123:NBN
4032:EoL
4019:CoL
3993:ADW
1271:doi
1191:doi
1187:130
1150:doi
1146:116
1119:doi
1109:".
996:341
992:212
4212::
4190::
4177::
4164::
4151::
4138::
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4112::
4099::
4086::
4073::
4060::
4047::
4034::
4021::
4008::
3995::
3980::
3965::
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1315:^
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1181:.
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1113:.
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1024:.
998:.
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809::
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523:.
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3607:†
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
