17:
85:
121:'s industrial workers went on strike. The first phase of the revolution consisted primarily of mass strikes, rallies, demonstrations – later this evolved into street skirmishes with the police and army as well as bomb assassinations and robberies of transports carrying money to tsarist financial institutions. Congress Poland was one of the centres of revolutionary activity during this period.
72:
195:
The councils were dismantled around July 1919, following the withdrawal of the Polish
Socialist Party (which in many cases had a council majority), and suppression by the Polish government, which saw the councils as a barrier to the formation of a Polish state.
133:, the councils failed to create an executive committee. Nevertheless, over 100 workers' councils operated in Poland in the years 1918–1919, assembling around 500,000 workers and peasants. The most numerous and radical councils were located in
169:
114:
129:
In this period, most of the councils were formed in east-central Poland. Due to significant disputes over the political and economic future of the
510:
490:
204:
Apart from the 1905–1907 and 1918–1919 periods, workers' councils in Poland had also been set up in 1944–1947 in the aftermath of
185:
189:
495:
278:
405:
362:
337:
173:
60:
55:, set up at various times in Poland throughout the 20th century, but in greatest numbers towards the end of the
500:
180:. Other workers' organisations and parties competed for influence within the councils as well, including the
515:
485:
505:
209:
379:
154:
213:
177:
76:
457:
110:
233:
181:
162:
130:
97:
Workers' councils emerged as a form of direct working class self-organisation on lands of the
221:
8:
158:
52:
243:
358:
333:
253:
248:
315:
118:
106:
56:
44:
32:
217:
98:
479:
301:
Feliks
Dzierzynski and the SDKPiL: A Study of the Origins of Polish Communism
205:
150:
384:
238:
88:
Poznań protests of 1956, workers hold a sign saying: "We demand bread!"
134:
16:
21:
142:
328:
Tych, Feliks (2018). "Przedmowa". In
Wielgosz, Przemysław (ed.).
146:
138:
102:
84:
20:
Polish soldiers and workers assembling to elect a council in
220:
of 1956. Strike committees and councils appeared during the
71:
157:; some set up their own military self-defence units, the
332:. Instytut Wydawniczy „Książka i Prasa”. pp. 7–29.
170:
Social
Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
168:
The main organisations behind the initiative were the
353:
Luksemburg, Róża (2018). Wielgosz, Przemysław (ed.).
444:
Rebuilding Poland: Workers and
Communists, 1945–1950
75:
Drawing of the 1905 revolution from a 1908 issue of
380:"Interactive map of workers' councils (1917-1927)"
318:, Encyklopedia Interia, retrieved on 8 April 2008
477:
53:representative organs of workers and peasants
429:Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism
352:
357:. Instytut Wydawniczy „Książka i Prasa”.
83:
70:
15:
511:Politics of the Second Polish Republic
478:
441:
406:"Rady DelegatĂłw Robotniczych w Polsce"
377:
316:REWOLUCJA 1905-07 NA ZIEMIACH POLSKICH
306:
279:"Rady DelegatĂłw Robotniczych w Polsce"
273:
271:
269:
92:
199:
426:
327:
266:
165:was proclaimed on 6 November 1918.
13:
491:Aftermath of World War I in Poland
14:
527:
178:Communist Workers Party of Poland
176:, which soon merged to form the
450:
435:
420:
408:. Internetowa encyklopedia PWN
398:
371:
346:
321:
293:
41:councils of workers' delegates
1:
259:
174:Polish Socialist Party – Left
124:
7:
227:
49:rady delegatĂłw robotniczych
29:Workers' Councils in Poland
10:
532:
66:
496:Defunct socialist parties
442:Kenney, Padraic (1997).
210:Polish People's Republic
131:newly independent Poland
37:rady robotnicze w Polsce
355:O rewolucji: 1905, 1917
330:O rewolucji: 1905, 1917
190:National Workers' Union
111:1905 Russian Revolution
460:. Portal Wiedzy w Onet
281:. Portal Wiedzy w Onet
234:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
182:Polish Socialist Party
163:Republic of Tarnobrzeg
89:
81:
48:
36:
25:
378:Dyjbas (2017-04-17).
117:). In 1905, 93.2% of
87:
74:
19:
501:History of socialism
222:strikes of 1980–1981
516:Socialism in Poland
486:Communism in Poland
427:Kuhn, Rick (2007).
155:Zagłębie Dąbrowskie
93:The 1905 Revolution
506:Russian Revolution
244:Russian Revolution
200:After World War II
90:
82:
61:Polish territories
26:
24:, 10 November 1918
458:"Rady robotnicze"
523:
470:
469:
467:
465:
454:
448:
447:
439:
433:
432:
424:
418:
417:
415:
413:
402:
396:
395:
393:
392:
375:
369:
368:
350:
344:
343:
325:
319:
314:
310:
304:
299:Robert Blobaum,
297:
291:
290:
288:
286:
275:
254:Soviet (council)
249:Petrograd Soviet
161:. A short-lived
113:(as well as its
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
522:
521:
520:
476:
475:
474:
473:
463:
461:
456:
455:
451:
440:
436:
425:
421:
411:
409:
404:
403:
399:
390:
388:
376:
372:
365:
351:
347:
340:
326:
322:
312:
311:
307:
298:
294:
284:
282:
277:
276:
267:
262:
230:
214:Poznań protests
202:
127:
119:Congress Poland
107:Congress Poland
95:
69:
57:First World War
12:
11:
5:
529:
519:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
472:
471:
449:
434:
419:
397:
370:
363:
345:
338:
320:
305:
292:
264:
263:
261:
258:
257:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
229:
226:
218:Polish October
201:
198:
186:Bund in Poland
126:
123:
115:Polish element
99:Russian Empire
94:
91:
68:
65:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
528:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
483:
481:
459:
453:
445:
438:
431:. p. 97.
430:
423:
407:
401:
387:
386:
381:
374:
366:
364:9788365304599
360:
356:
349:
341:
339:9788365304599
335:
331:
324:
317:
309:
302:
296:
280:
274:
272:
270:
265:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
197:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
122:
120:
116:
112:
109:, during the
108:
104:
100:
86:
80:
79:
73:
64:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
23:
18:
462:. Retrieved
452:
443:
437:
428:
422:
410:. Retrieved
400:
389:. Retrieved
383:
373:
354:
348:
329:
323:
308:
300:
295:
283:. Retrieved
206:World War II
203:
194:
167:
128:
96:
77:
40:
28:
27:
313:(in Polish)
212:during the
208:and in the
480:Categories
391:2021-07-30
385:libcom.org
303:, page 123
260:References
239:Dual power
159:Red Guards
224:as well.
125:1918–1919
464:July 30,
412:July 30,
285:July 30,
228:See also
188:and the
172:and the
78:Robotnik
135:Kraśnik
67:History
51:) were
361:
336:
184:, the
153:, and
151:Zamość
147:Warsaw
139:Lublin
103:Latvia
45:Polish
33:Polish
22:Poznań
143:PĹ‚ock
39:) or
466:2015
414:2015
359:ISBN
334:ISBN
287:2015
216:and
105:and
59:on
482::
382:.
268:^
192:.
149:,
145:,
141:,
137:,
101:,
63:.
47::
35::
468:.
446:.
416:.
394:.
367:.
342:.
289:.
43:(
31:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
